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Integrated geochemical, U-Pb zircon, and Pb isotopic data from granitoids of the Wulandele porphyry molybdenum deposit, northeastern Inner Mongolia, are reported to disclose the possible magmatic process and Mo ore-forming process. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating constrains the timing of the quartz diorite and monzonitic granite to 282 ± 2.4 Ma and 135.4 ± 2.1 Ma, respectively. The ages are accordant with geological facts which state that the shallow Permian granitoids are only the ore-hosting rock while the concealed Cretaceous fine-grained granite is the causative intrusion. Whole-rock geochemical data show that the granitoids belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series, and are enriched in LILEs, but depleted in HSFEs. Permian granitoids exhibit I-type characteristics, while Cretaceous granite is akin to A-type granite. Pb isotopic ratios are consistent between Permian granitoids and Cretaceous granite with ratios of 206Pb/204Pb = 18.048–18.892, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.488–15.571, and 208Pb/204Pb = 37.066–38.441. Considering geological and geochemical features together, Permian granitoids are interpreted as subduction-related continental margin high-K calc-alkaline rocks, while Cretaceous granite may be the result of the remelting of the relic Permian arc in an extensional environment induced by the rollback of the Paleo-Pacific plate. Different from classical porphyry-type deposits, the Wulandele Mo deposit, which formed in an intraplate tectonic setting, indicates that the intraplate porphyry Mo deposit should be one of the important exploration targets in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, especially its eastern segment.

Alkaline rock-type rare-earth (RE) ores have significant utilisation value. However, the exploitation of such resources faces great challenges owing to the complex mineral and element assemblages. Composite collectors exhibit excellent performances, which may provide solutions to the flotation problem of alkaline rock-type RE ores. Therefore, 16 collectors typically used in RE ores flotation were selected. Flotation tests were performed to identify collectors with high selectivity and collection ability for RE minerals, then nine composite collectors were prepared by combining the satisfactory collectors. The flotation performances of single and composite collectors for RE minerals were examined, and the composite collector FA301 with different carbon chain lengths was identified as the best one. When FA301 was applied in optimal conditions of slurry temperature, grinding size, collector and inhibitor dosage, RE concentrate yield of 6.29%, REO grade of 32.013%, and recovery of 59.02% were achieved. According to the results of the zeta potential, FTIR, and XPS test, the functional groups (dominated by carboxyl groups) in FA301 chemically adsorbed onto the main active sites (La, Ce, Y, etc.) on the surface of RE minerals. The findings can provide scientific basis for the development of efficient collectors to facilitate the exploitation of RE resources.

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles with an acidic lumen and are traditionally characterized as a recycling center in cells. Lysosomal ion channels are integral membrane proteins that form pores in lysosomal membranes and allow the influx and efflux of essential ions. Transmembrane protein 175 (TMEM175) is a unique lysosomal potassium channel that shares little sequence similarity with other potassium channels. It is found in bacteria, archaea, and animals. The prokaryotic TMEM175 consists of one six-transmembrane domain that adopts a tetrameric architecture, while the mammalian TMEM175 is comprised of two six-transmembrane domains that function as a dimer in lysosomal membranes. Previous studies have demonstrated that the lysosomal K+ conductance mediated by TMEM175 is critical for setting membrane potential, maintaining pH stability, and regulating lysosome–autophagosome fusion. AKT and B-cell lymphoma 2 regulate TMEM175’s channel activity through direct binding. Two recent studies reported that the human TMEM175 is also a proton-selective channel under normal lysosomal pH (4.5–5.5) as the K+ permeation dramatically decreased at low pH while the H+ current through TMEM175 greatly increased. Genome-wide association studies and functional studies in mouse models have established that TMEM175 is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease, which sparks more research interests in this lysosomal channel.

Probiotic supplementation is a key therapeutic strategy for promoting gut health and maintaining gut homeostasis by modulating functional microbiota. In this study, we isolated two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, Pediococcus pentosaceus TCM-3 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei TDM-2, from Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, and evaluated their probiotic properties and antioxidant bioactivity. In which, TDM-2 had higher T-AOC activity than either TCM-3 or LGG (4.10 μmol/mL vs. 3.68 and 3.53 μmol/mL, respectively, p < 0.05). These strains have shown high antioxidant activity compared to the LAB strains and were found to be acid and bile salt tolerant, confronting the safety issues of antibiotic resistance and the capability of surviving in simulated gastric and intestinal juices. In vitro fermentation experiments with human gut microbiota revealed significant differences in microbial community composition between samples supplemented with TCM-3 and TDM-2 and those without. The addition of these two strains resulted in an enrichment of beneficial taxa, such as the Pediococcus, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium_sensu_strictos at the genus level, and Firmicutes and Proteobacteria at the phylum level. Notably, the TCM-3 group exhibited higher short-chain fatty acid production than the TDM-2 group and untreated controls (acetic acid at 12 h: 4.54 mmol L−1 vs. 4.06 mmol L−1 and 4.00 mmol L−1; acetic acid at 24 h: 4.99 mmol L−1 vs. 4.90 mmol L−1 and 4.82 mmol L−1, p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that LAB supplementation with high antioxidant capacity and probiotic properties can promote gut health by modulating functional microbiota and is enriching for beneficial taxa. Our study provides guidance for therapeutic strategies that use novel LAB strains to maintain gut homeostasis and functional microbiota modulation.

There is no gold standard to tell frustrating outcomes after the catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). The study aims to construct a prognostic tool. We retrospectively analyzed 315 patients with PAF who underwent first-time ablation at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The endpoint was identified as any documented relapse of atrial tachyarrhythmia lasting longer than 30 s after the three-month blanking period. Univariate Cox regression analyzed eleven preablation parameters, followed by two supervised machine learning algorithms and stepwise regression to construct a nomogram internally validated. Five factors related to ablation failure were as follows: female sex, left atrial appendage emptying flow velocity ≤31 cm/s, estimated glomerular filtration rate 2), P wave duration in lead aVF ≥ 120 ms, and that in lead V1 ≥ 100 ms, which constructed a nomogram. It was correlated with the CHA2DS2-VASc score but outperformed the latter evidently in discrimination and clinical utility, not to mention its robust performances in goodness-of-fit and calibration. In addition, the nomogram-based risk stratification could effectively separate ablation outcomes. Patients at risk of relapse after PAF ablation can be recognized at baseline using the proposed five-factor nomogram.

During oxidative stress, an important factor in the development of many diseases, cellular oxidative and antioxidant activities are imbalanced due to various internal and external factors such as inflammation or diet. The administration of probiotic Lactobacillus strains has been shown to confer a range of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects in the host. This review focuses on the potential role of oxidative stress in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), cancer, and liver-related diseases in the context of preventive and therapeutic effects associated with Lactobacillus. This article reviews studies in cell lines and animal models as well as some clinical population reports that suggest that Lactobacillus could alleviate basic symptoms and related abnormal indicators of IBD, cancers, and liver damage, and covers evidence supporting a role for the Nrf2, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways in the effects of Lactobacillus in alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress, aberrant cell proliferation, and apoptosis. This review also discusses the unmet needs and future directions in probiotic Lactobacillus research including more extensive mechanistic analyses and more clinical trials for Lactobacillus-based treatments.

On 22 July 2020, an Mw 6.3 earthquake occurred in Nima County, central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. We used the synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) technique with Sentinel-1 images to retrieve the line of sight (LOS) coseismic deformation fields which indicate that the maximum surface displacement reached ~30 cm. We then processed a series of interferograms spanning one year after the Nima earthquake with the Small Baseline Subset Interferometric SAR (SBAS-InSAR) technique. The maximum cumulative postseismic LOS surface displacement reached ~8 cm and approximately followed a logarithmic function over time. The inversion of the fault geometry and co- and afterslip distribution shows that the epicenter location was (33.18°N, 86.88°E) at a depth of 7.4 km, and the causative fault had an N29.1°E strike and 50.2° dip. The most coseismic slip was concentrated at depths between 3 to 12 km with a peak value of 2.0 m at 7.4 km, whilst most afterslips were concentrated at depths between 0 to 12 km with a peak value of 0.2 m at 5 km. The postseismic moment energy was about 5.04 × 1017 N∙m 308 days after the event, which was approximately 13.8% of the coseismic moment energy. By analyzing the contribution of afterslip and poroelastic rebound to postseismic deformation, it was concluded that afterslip was the main early postseismic deformation mechanism. Future attention should be paid to the northern segment of the West Yibug Caka fault and East Yibug Caka fault.

Landslides pose a greater potential risk to the Sichuan-Tibet Transportation Project, and extensive landslide inventory and mapping are essential to prevent and control geological hazards along the Sichuan-Tibet Transportation Corridor (STTC). Recently proposed landslide detection methods mainly focused on new landslides with high vegetation. In addition, there are still challenges in automatic detection of old landslides using optical images. In this paper, two methods, namely mask region-based convolutional neural networks (Mask R-CNN) and transfer learning Mask R-CNN (TL-Mask R-CNN), are presented for detecting and segmenting new and old landslides, respectively. An optical remote sensing dataset for landslide recognition along the Sichuan-Tibet Transportation Corridor (LRSTTC) is constructed as an evaluation benchmark. Our experimental results show that the recall rate and F1-score of the proposed method for new landslide detection can reach 78.47% and 79.80%, respectively. Transfer learning is adopted to detect old landslides, and our experimental results show that evaluation indices can be further improved by about 10%. Furthermore, TL-Mask R-CNN has been applied to identify ice avalanches based on the characteristics of landslides. It appears that our proposed methods can detect and segment landslides effectively along the STTC with the constructed LRSTTC dataset, which is essential for studying and preventing landslide hazards in mountainous areas.

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a prevalent mycotoxin that needs intensive monitoring. A semi-quantitative and quantitative immunochromatographic assay (ICA) was assembled for investigating ZEN contamination in 187 samples of cereal and their products from China in 2019. The semi-quantitative detection model had a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.50 ng/mL with visual judgment and could be completely inhibited within 5 min at 3.0 ng/mL ZEN. The quantitative detection model had a lower LOD of 0.25 ng/mL, and ZEN could be accurately and digitally detected from 0.25–4.0 ng/mL. The ICA method had a high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for on-site ZEN detection. For investigation of the authentic samples, the ZEN-positive rate was 62.6%, and the ZEN-positive levels ranged from 2.7 to 867.0 ng/g, with an average ZEN-positive level being 85.0 ng/g. Of the ZEN-positive samples, 6.0% exceeded the values of the limit levels. The ZEN-positive samples were confirmed to be highly correlated using LC-MS/MS (R2 = 0.9794). This study could provide an efficiency and accuracy approach for ZEN in order to achieve visual and digitized on-site investigation. This significant information about the ZEN contamination levels might contribute to monitoring mycotoxin occurrence and for ensuring food safety.

The large Shuangwang gold deposit (>80 t gold) is located in the Western Qinling Orogen (WQO) of central China. It is an orogenic-type gold deposit hosted in an NW-extending breccia belt in the Devonian Xinghongpu Formation. Gold mineralization of the Shuangwang deposit is featured by hydrothermal breccia ores with strata fragments cemented by hydrothermal minerals dominated by ankerite, quartz, and pyrite with minor amounts of calcite and albite. Pyrite is the major gold-hosting sulfide and the most abundant ore mineral. Crystal habits, thermoelectricity, and trace-element composition of pyrites from the main ore-forming stage of the Shuangwang gold deposit were studied by microbinocular, BHTE-06 thermoelectric coefficient measuring instrument, and high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS). Spatial distribution of the above data for pyrites was delineated by contour maps of morphology index, P-type frequency, and primary halo elements (e.g., supraore halo elements Ba and Sb; near-ore halo elements Pb, Zn, and Cu; and subore halo elements Co, Mo, and Bi). Based on the above results, four target areas (areas between prospecting lines 0 and 1, between lines 14 and 18 below orebody KT9; areas between prospecting lines 30 and 34, between lines 44 and 46 below orebody KT8) were put forward for deep gold exploration in the future. These targets are consistent with the depth extrapolation of proven gold orebodies, indicating the practicality of typomorphic characterization of pyrites as vector to deep/concealed gold orebodies. The effectiveness of the pyrite typomorphic parameter for deep gold prediction seems to be chemical composition, crystal habits, and then thermoelectricity.

The Haoyaoerhudong gabbro is a mafic intrusion located in the Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit, which is a giant gold deposit (148 t Au) hosted in Proterozoic strata on the northern margin of the North China Craton. In this paper, we present integrated SHRIMP U⁻Pb, geochemical and Sr⁻Nd isotopic data from gabbro of the Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit to reveal the magmatic processes behind its origin. SHRIMP zircon U⁻Pb dating constrains the timing of crystallization of the Haoyaoerhudong gabbro to 278.8 ± 0.81 Ma. Whole-rock geochemical results indicate that the Haoyaoerhudong gabbro has calc-alkaline features with enrichments of large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare-earth elements (REE) as well as depletions of high-field strength elements (HFSE). The relatively high (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.7053 to 0.7078) and low εNd(t) (−4.6 to −15.1) values of the gabbro indicate the involvement of crustal materials. Low Ce/Pb ratios (1.35 to 7.38), together with nearly constant La/Sm and Th/Yb ratios and variable Ba/Th and Sr/Nd ratios, suggest that the ancient mantle was modified by slab dehydration fluids. Based on new geochemical data and regional geological investigations, we propose that both the Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit and the Haoyaoerhudong gabbro formed in a post-orogenic extensional setting.