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Background: Small cell carcinoma of the endometrium is extremely rare. There is no reported case of secondary small cell carcinoma of the endometrium after concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer. Case Report: A 48-year-old woman was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix Stage IIIB (T3bN0M0) and treated by concurrent chemoradiotherapy. After five years and nine months' post-treatment, the woman was diagnosed with small cell carcinoma of the endometrium Stage IIIA (pT3aNXM0). Although the patient received chemotherapy combining paclitaxel and carboplatin postoperatively, she developed a recurrence with pelvic tumor three months after operation. After recurrence, she received one course of chemotherapy combining cisplatin and irinotecan. Although a remarkable reduction of recurrent tumor was found as autopsy findings, she died of disease two months after this chemotherapy. Conclusion: In case of small cell carcinoma of the endometrium, chemotherapy regimen used for small cell lung cancer such as chemotherapy combining cisplatin and irinotecan should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase antibody (HMGCR antibody) antibody-associated myopathy is a rare disease. HMGCR antibody-associated myopathy in patient with endometrial cancer is extremely rare. Case Report: A 60-year-old woman without statin exposure presented with endometrial cancer Stage IIIC1 (T2N1M0) and HMGCR antibody-associated myopathy. After diagnosis, the patient received chemotherapy combining paclitaxel and carboplatin for endometrial cancer, and steroid and immunoglobulin for HMGCR antibody-associated myopathy. Two months after two cycles of chemotherapy, she died. Autopsy revealed that she died of HMGCR antibody-associated myopathy. Conclusion: In case of myopathy in patients with endometrial cancer, HMGCR antibody-associated myopathy should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (SEIC) is very rare, and the diagnosis is made through hysterectomy in most cases. To the best of the present authors' knowledge, there is only three reported cases of SEIC diagnosed by hysteroscopic transcervical resection in the English language medical literature. Case Report: A 68-year-old woman presented with SEIC. The initial diagnosis was established by hysteroscopic transcervical resection and immunohistochemistry. The final diagnosis was established postoperatively by hysterectomy. To date, five months after operation, the patient is alive with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Conclusion: Hysteroscopic exam may be necessary in cases of patients with an abnormal cytology or histology of endometrium to detect SEIC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Carcinoma metastatic to the upper urinary tract is rare, but cervical cancer metastatic of the upper part of the ureter is extremely rare. Case: A 63-year-old woman presented with cervical cancer Stage IVB (T3bN1M1). After diagnosis, the patient received chemotherapy combining cisplatin and paclitaxel. Six months after six cycles ofchemotherapy, nephrectomy was performed due to hydronephrosis with tight stricture in the upper part of the ureter, and pathological examination revealed carcinoma metastatic to the ureter from cervical cancer. Conclusion: In case of hydronephrosis with tight stricture in the ureter with the cervical cancer patient, metastasis to the ureter should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is very rare mesenchymal tumor with an unpredictable natural history. To the best of the present authors' knowledge, there is only one reported case of PEComa of vulva in the English language medical literature. Case Report: A 49-year-old woman presented with PEComa of vulva. The diagnosis was established postoperatively by immunohistochemistry. To date, two months after operation, the patient is alive with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Conclusion: A variety of imaging methods and pathological methods including a surgical resection with clear margin may be necessary in cases of patients with mesenchymal tumor of vulva suspecting PEComa. Urgent diagnosis and treatment of these patients seemed to be critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Small cell ovarian carcinoma of the pulmonary type is extremely rare. It is extremely aggressive and progressive, and there are no established treatment guidelines. Case: A 55-year-old woman presented with small cell ovarian carcinoma of the pulmonary type. Postoperatively the patient received chemotherapy combining cisplatin and irinotecan. To date, nine months after operation, the patient is alive with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Conclusion: In case of small cell ovarian carcinoma of the pulmonary type, chemotherapy regimen used for small cell lung cancer, such as chemotherapy combining cisplatin and irinotecan, should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia seems to be a relevant problem and the risk of clinical bleeding in patients with gynecologic malignancy is reported to be higher than other malignancy. In this study, the authors investigated chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia recently performed in all patients with gynecologic malignancy. Materials and Methods: Between January 2009 and December 2011, the authors examined reported chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v.4.0. They analyzed the incidence and clinical features of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with gynecologic malignancy. Results: During this period they administered over 1,614 infusions (29 regimens) to 291 patients. Chemotherapyinduced thrombocytopenia occurred in 43 (14.8%) patients over 56 (3.5%) chemotherapy cycles. Bleeding occurred in 13 (4.5%) patients over 14 (0.9%) cycles. Platelet transfusions were administered for eight (2.7%) patients over eight (0.5%) cycles. Median platelet count at platelet transfusions was 17,000 /µl. Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia was associated with more than five previous chemotherapy cycles, previous radiotherapy, disseminated disease, distant metastatic disease, poor performance status, and taxane-including regimens. Clinical bleeding was associated with previous radiotherapy, distant metastatic disease, poor performance status, and taxane-including regimens. Conclusions: Estimating bleeding risk factor such as previous radiotherapy, distant metastatic disease, poor performance status, and taxane-including regimens seem to be important for safe management of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of investigation: Primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC) is histologically similar to ovarian serous carcinoma, but its biochemical features remain obscure. The authors investigated and compared clinical findings, treatments, and outcomes of patients with PPS and those with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. Materials and Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed data from 14 patients with PPC and 219 patients with EOC treated at the present hospital from January 2005 to December 2012, including demographic data, pathologic findings, treatments, and outcomes. Results: Patients with PPC were significantly older (62.6 ± 8.4 years) than those with EOC (56.3 ± 11.3 years) (p = 0.045). There was no significant difference in serum CA-125 levels. The five-year survival rates did not differ significantly between patients with PPC (61.1%) and those with EOC (60.3%; p = 0.78); nor between patients with PPC and those with Stage III serous EOC (43.8%; p = 0.40). Conclusions: Treatment strategies for EOC applied to PPC apparently led to similar survival patterns among the two patient groups. Cytoreductive surgery combined with pre/postoperative platinum-containing chemotherapy may be effective for PPC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malignant melanoma is an extremely malignant tumor with an unpredictable metastatic profile with variable periods of remission. Case: A 41-year-old woman presented with recurrent malignant melanoma which had clinical features of an acute state mimicking primary peritoneal cancer. The case was an unusual recurrence of malignant melanoma occurring seven years after diagnosis and treatment of malignant melanoma in the patient's arm. The diagnosis was established postoperatively by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: A variety of imaging methods and pathological methods, including an exploratory laparotomy, may be necessary in cases of patients suspecting primary peritoneal cancer with a previous history of melanoma with possible metastatic dissemination. Urgent diagnosis and treatment of these patients seems to be critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Krukenberg tumors mostly occur after 40 years. Metastatic ovarian tumors in young age are very rare. Case: A 18-yearold female presented with colon cancer which was accompanied by Krukenberg tumor. The present case was a very rare case of metastatic ovarian tumor in very young age. The present patient presented with abdominal pain. On examination, colon tumor was detected and bilateral ovary were almost normal with only slight swelling. During the operation for colon tumor, biopsy of bilateral ovary was performed for histopathological evaluation. Although there were no specific findings in bilateral ovary, microscopic examination revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, diffusely invading the ovarian parenchyma. Diagnosis of colon cancer was made postoperatively and ovarian Krukenberg tumor was confirmed. Conclusion: In case of suspecting colon cancer even in very young patient with normal ovary, biopsy of ovary should be considered for the diagnosis of Krukenberg tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examines reported hypersensitivity reaction related to chemotherapy in Japanese patients with gynecologic malignancies. The incidence, clinical features, management, and outcome of chemotherapy-related grade 2 hypersensitivity reaction were among the factors analyzed in the study. Incidence of hypersensitivity reactions were found to be related to carboplatin, nedaplatin and docetaxel.

The article presents a case study of a 59-year-old Japanese woman with chronic renal failure due to interstitial nephritis. She had passed hemodialysis for eight years and was admitted to a hospital for acute abdominal pain. The article discusses that chemotherapy is mostly performed in patients with ovarian cancer undergoing hemodialysis.

Nongestational choriocarcinoma is very rare and carries a poor prognosis in female patients. In this report, the authors present a case of nongestational choriocarcinoma with brain metastasis in a female. A 58-year-old female with intermittent back pain was referred to a private hospital. On examination, a mediastinal tumor and a pancreatic tumor were detected. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of the tumor was performed for histological evaluation. Pathological diagnosis was difficult because only a small amount of tissue was collected. Head MRI showed multiple metastatic tumors in the brain. The patient was diagnosed with primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma with brain metastasis. She was treated with one course of an etoposide, methotrexate, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine regimen, but her general condition gradually deteriorated, and she died on day 41. Nongestational choriocarcinoma is drug resistant, whereas gestational choriocarcinoma has better chemotherapeutic sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]