1. Amine-related neurotoxins in Parkinson's disease: past, present, and future.
- Author
-
Nagatsu T
- Subjects
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine analogs & derivatives, 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine chemistry, Amines chemistry, Animals, Apoptosis drug effects, Apoptosis physiology, Carbolines chemistry, Carbolines toxicity, Humans, Isoquinolines chemistry, Isoquinolines toxicity, Neostriatum pathology, Neostriatum physiopathology, Neurons metabolism, Neurons pathology, Neurotoxins chemistry, Parkinson Disease metabolism, Parkinson Disease physiopathology, Substantia Nigra pathology, Substantia Nigra physiopathology, Amines toxicity, Neostriatum drug effects, Neurons drug effects, Neurotoxins toxicity, Parkinson Disease, Secondary chemically induced, Substantia Nigra drug effects
- Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an aging-related movement disorder caused by a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) in the striatum of the brain as a result of selective degeneration of nigrostriatal DA neurons. The molecular basis of the cell death of DA neurons is unknown, but one hypothesis is the presence of some amine-related neurotoxins that kill specifically nigrostriatal DA neurons over a long period of time. This neurotoxin hypothesis of PD started in the 1980s when 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was discovered to produce acutely PD-like symptoms. Two groups of natural MPTP-like and amine-related neurotoxins have been investigated as endogenous candidate compounds: isoquinolines (IQs) and beta-carbolines. These neurotoxins are speculated to cause oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptotic cell death, and PD symptoms. However, since PD is a neurodegenerative disorder that progresses slowly over a period of many years, a long-term study may be required to elucidate the neurotoxicity of such neurotoxins in relation to PD.
- Published
- 2002
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