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Background: To guide and provide orientation to research on student suicide, this study aimed to analyze the research status on student suicide with the help of bibliometric analysis. Utilising bibliometric methodology, this study complements existing literature by giving a comprehensive, reliable thematic representation of this topic. Method: A Scopus search was done and all published research papers were reviewed. A total of 187 papers published between 1959 and 2021 were analyzed. We identified the most influential journals in this field, the most prolific nations and institutions, as well as the years with the most publications, the most cited papers, notable authors, and most researched areas, It was followed by use of the VOSviewer software (version 1.6.18) to construct and visualize the bibliometric networks like co-authorship network map, inter-country co-authorship network map, and keywords co-occurrences network maps. Results: The analysis reveals the current research trend where the number of publications on 'student suicide' reflects an overall upward trend over the years, suggesting that research on student suicidology is fast evolving but the pace is slow. The maximum publications were in the year 2020. The United States made the largest contribution (n = 85). The most productive institution was the University of Rochester, New York (n = 10). Allan J Schwartz was the most prolific author, with nine research papers. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy (n = 13) was the journal and Medicine (n = 118) was the discipline with the highest number of publications. Conclusion: The study potentially has important implications for designing more comprehensive screening and assessment tools for suicide risk. Future work should pay more attention to developing effective intervention programs for students. The results also highlight the need for more research work on student suicidology. More research in this area is needed to create awareness among students. Consequently, this study can be a big critique and torch bearer at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Executive Summary: This paper examines the staffing needs of the US Department of Justice's Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR), as it seeks to eliminate an immigration court backlog, which approached 2.5 million pending cases at the end of fiscal year (FY) 2023. A previous study by the Center for Migration Studies of New York (CMS) attributed the backlog to systemic, long-neglected problems in the broader US immigration system. This paper provides updated estimates of the number of immigration judges (IJs) and "judge teams" (IJ teams) needed to eliminate the backlog over ten and five years based on different case receipt and completion scenarios. It also introduces a data tool that will permit policymakers, administrators and researchers to make their own estimates of IJ team hiring needs based on changing case receipt and completion data. Finally, the paper outlines the pressing need for reform of the US immigration system, including a well-resourced, robust, and independent court system, particularly in light of record "encounters" of migrants at US borders in FY 2022 and 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Center for Migration Studies of New York (CMS) initiated its "Democratizing Data" project in 2013 to make detailed demographic information widely available on the US undocumented, eligible to naturalize, and other non-citizen populations. The paper begins by outlining top-line findings and themes from the more than 30 CMS studies under this project. It then examines and refutes four persistent misconceptions that have inhibited public understanding and needed policy change: (1) migrants never leave the United States; (2) most undocumented migrants arrive by illegally crossing the US-Mexico border; (3) each Border Patrol apprehension translates into a new undocumented resident; and (4) immigrants are less skilled than US-born workers. The paper then offers new analyses in support of select policy recommendations drawn from a decade of democratizing data. It concludes with a short reflection and a case study on the failure of data, evidence-based policy ideas, and national ideals to translate into necessary reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

President of the American Sociological Society Louis Wirth is planning for a Section on Contributed Papers for the next annual meeting that is to be held in New York from December 28 to 30, December, 1947. Although this Section is particularly de- signed for those younger members of the Society, including graduate students, who have not yet had an opportunity to appear on the pro- gram in other sections, contributions from other members of the Society will be welcome. Since this Committee is working closely with the Committee on Research, it is being urged that members who have completed research papers suitable for oral presentation and which do not fall within the scope of other Sections be offered for consideration in the Section on Contributed Papers.

This report shows estimates of the undocumented population residing in the United States from 2010 to 2020, by US state of residence and country of origin. The estimates are based primarily on data from the American Community Survey (ACS) collected annually by the US Census Bureau. 1 As it does each year, the Center for Migration Studies of New York (CMS) assessed the accuracy of the ACS data for 2020 for the noncitizen population from more than 150 countries or areas of origin. The CMS analysis determined that almost one million undocumented residents were omitted from the 2020 ACS. The paper then segues into an extensive discussion of trends in the undocumented population for US state and country of origin over the 2010 to 2020 period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper first describes in a relatively nontechnical fashion several econometric techniques that the authors believe should be useful to industrial relations researchers. Those techniques are then applied to an analysis of whether public sector impasse procedures create a "narcotic effect," that is, a tendency for the bargaining parties, once they use the procedures, to become increasingly reliant on them in future negotiations. The authors reanalyze data from Thomas Kochan and Jean Baderschneider's study of the impasse experience of police and fire fighters under New York State's Taylor Law during the 1968-76 period and find that while a narcotic effect did exist, as Kochan and Baderschneider argued, that relationship lasted only during the early years of the period and was actually reversed in later years. The authors conclude by explaining how such a pattern of results could occur, tracing the implications of their findings for public policy, and suggesting other research questions that could be analyzed by the econometric methods they have described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contracting-out of government services is an important issue facing government entities in the twenty-first century. This paper is a case study that examines this issue in New York City after major revisions were enacted to the City's Charter in 1989 to improve governance, deter corruption and promote efficiency in contracting. The paper examines who controls the contracting process; is this function solely under the purview of the chief executive or the function is shared with other elected officials, including the legislature; do checks and balances in the procurement system exist and how control of the contracting process affects the potential for corruption. Efficiency in the contracting process is reflected in the details of the policy and practices that determine the effectiveness of contracting. The most important of these practices are: standardization of contracting rules, timeliness in awarding contracts, promotion of competition, use of technology, training and professionalism of government staff. The overall success or failure of these efforts is significantly affected by the leadership of the chief executive and the administrators of the agencies of government. The paper shows that major change in public organizations is an extremely complex issue involving the chief executive, government administrators and other elected officials in the political process. Improvements in New York City's contracting process occurred in the Mayoral administrations of David Dinkins, Rudolph Giuliani and Michael Bloomberg. However, if the new efforts to simplify the contracting process on the part of the Bloomberg administration do not result in significant reductions in processing times, then only incremental change has taken place in the contracting process in New York City. Major changes in the contracting process have eluded both the mayors and government administrators. The authors conclude by discussing lessons learned to assist other government entities in their change efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to analyze the system benefits of distributed storage at different locations on a grid that has a high penetration of renewable generation. The chosen type of distributed storage modeled is deferrable demand (e.g., thermal storage) because it is relatively inexpensive to install compared to batteries and could potentially form a large component of the peak system load. The advantage of owning deferrable demand is that the purchase of energy from the grid can be decoupled from the delivery of an energy service to customers. Consequently, these customers can reduce costs by shifting their purchases from expensive peak periods to off-peak periods when electricity prices are low. In addition, deferrable demand can provide ramping services to the grid to mitigate the uncertainty of renewable generation. The primary economic issue addressed in this paper is to determine how the storage capacity is allocated between shifting load and providing ramping services. The basic economic tradeoff is between the benefit from shifting more load from peak periods to less expensive periods, and reserving some storage capacity for ramping to reduce the amount of conventional reserve capacity purchased. Our approach uses a new form of stochastic, multi-period Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow (SCOPF) that minimizes the expected system costs for energy and ancillary services over a 24-hour horizon. For each hour, five different levels of wind generation may be realized and these are treated as different system states with known probabilities of occurring. This model is applied to a reduction of the grid in New York State and New England and simulates the hourly load on a hot summer day, treating potential wind generation at different sites as stochastic inputs. The results determine the expected amount and location of conventional generating capacity dispatched, the reserve capacity committed to maintain operating reliability, the charging/discharging of storage capacity, and the amount of potential wind generation spilled. The results show there are major differences in how the deferrable demand at two large load centers, Boston and New York City, is managed, and we provide an explanation for these differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In analyzing the 1979 strike by nearly all of the prison guards in New York State, this paper focuses on the social organization of the prison environment and the guards' changing occupational role as critical causes of the strike. Many guards believe that in recent years they have lost status and much of their authority; in addition, racial tension has mounted within the guard force as well as between guards and inmates. The authors argue that collective bargaining is not well suited to resolving those problems, and in fact the bargaining system may have aggravated them. The authors also analyze the strike's resolution, concluding that it was the state's use of National Guard troops and the application of Taylor Law sanctions, rather than any bargaining strategy by either party, that brought the guards back to work. Finally, the authors suggest that these strike penalties may have intensified the worker anger and discontent that were major causes of the strike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the emergence and development of two-tier coalition bargaining in the municipal government of New York City from the late 1960s through the 1980 negotiations. The reduction of interunion rivalries, growth of pattern bargaining, and enactment of the city's Collective Bargaining Law in 1967 were important precedents to formal coalition bargaining, but it was the fiscal crisis of the mid 1970s that provided a major thrust to the adoption of this type of bargaining structure. Through it, management and union officials were able not only to reach master and subsidiary agreements covering wages and conditions of employment, but to bargain broader fiscal rescue agreements with representatives of the federal and state governments who, in the wake of the fiscal crisis, acquired greater political control over the nation's largest city. The empirical findings are linked to theories of bargaining structure and provide the basis for predicting the continuance of coalition bargaining in New York City during the 1980s but only limited adoption of this bargaining format elsewhere in the American public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participatory budgeting (PB) fosters community engagement in the allocation of public funds. Although its popularity has diminished in general-purpose governments, it is gaining traction in school districts. Yet research on PB's managerial implications remains scarce. This study analyzes a PB process in a New York school district, examining key stages, participants, and engagement dynamics using quantitative and qualitative data. Our findings underscore important implementation challenges that necessitate careful consideration before advocating the widespread adoption of school PB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a study of retention and attrition after the freshman war among disadvantaged students at an urban, primarily non-residential, university. Economically and academically disadvantaged college students are widely known to be a. risk for attrition, which highlights the need to investigate the process among members of this group. Substantial progress has been made developing and testing explanatory models of college student withdrawal, bus they have only begun to be directly applied to special groups of students such as the disadvantaged. The study applies a conceptual model developed by Tinto (1975) to a group of students who, through a special program, were admitted to a senior college within The City University of New York. The paper tests the predictive validity of major constructs in the model. It was shown to be sensitive to the dimensions of student-institutional fit operating in the situation, and indicated that academic integration was the most salient aspect of development for this group of students. Social integration had limited influence, especially when considered relative to academic measures. The results were seen as reinforcing the recognition that the acquisition of academic skills and behaviors is paramount for the success of underprepared students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the thirty-eighth annual meeting of the American Sociological Association to be held on December 4 and 5, 1943 at Hotel McAlpin, New York City. Papers on social research to be presented at the meeting are: "A Controlled Analysis of the Relationship of Guided Participation in Extra-curricular Activities to the Scholastic Achievement and Social Adjustment of College Students," by Reuben Hill, University of South Dakota, "Techniques of Social Reform: An Analysis of the Dry Movement," by Alfred McClung Lee, Wayne University, and "Reliability of the Idea-Centered Question in Interview Schedules," by Morton B. King, Camp Shelby, Mississippi. Papers will be followed by open discussion. Papers on Sociometry to be presented at the meeting are: "What Level of Living Indexes Measure," by Margaret Jarman Hagood and Louis J. Ducoff, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and "Some Regional Variations in Levels and Standards of Living," by Edgar A. Schuler, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

This article provides information on studies related to industrial relations by researchers from the Institute of Labor Relations at the New York University in New York City. Bruno Stein is completing a study about welfare and unemployment with Professor Peter Albin of John Jay College. Stein is also collaborating with Nicholas Barr of the London School of Economics on an analysis of implicit taxes in benefit programs. Hrach Bedrosian of the Department of Management is completing a research paper titled "Impact of the N.Y. State Workfare Program on Employable Welfare Recipients," with Dean Daniel Diamond of Lowell Technological Institute. James T. Crown is working on a policy analysis of full employment credo, goal formation and implementation.

This article presents information on the Religious Research Association (RRA) 2005 Annual Meeting titled "Congregations, Denominations and Research on Religion: Promoting Cooperation," to be held at the Hyatt Regency in Rochester, New York on November 4-6, 2005. Although the behavioral study of religion now extends far beyond the narrow study of religious organizations, RRA was established, in part, to focus on denominational research. While denominational researchers often collect data to answer practical questions, many academic researchers are unaware that these same data sources could address a broad range of more general theoretical questions. The meeting encourages papers on any topic related to the behavioral study of religion. Examples of possible papers and sessions on denominational data sources includes: denominational Web pages as a source of data; survey data collected by denominations; congregational yearbook data collected by denominations; pitfalls and solutions in working with denominational data; and availability of denominationally collected data.

The authors examine debates about the effects of mandatory interest arbitration on police and firefighters in New York State under the Taylor Law from 1974 to 2007. Comparing experience with interest arbitration in the first three years after the law was adopted with experiences from 1995 to 2007, the authors find that no strikes occurred under arbitration and that rates of dependence on arbitration declined considerably. Moreover, the effectiveness of mediation prior to and during arbitration remained high, the tripartite arbitration structure continued to foster discussion of options for resolution among arbitration panel members, and wage increases awarded under arbitration matched those negotiated voluntarily by the parties. Econometric estimates of the effects of interest arbitration on wage changes in a national sample suggest wage increases differed little in states with arbitration from those without it. The authors therefore propose a role for interest arbitration in national labor policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Objective: Previous studies have evaluated the implementation of standardized social determinants of health (SDOH) screening within healthcare settings, however, less is known about where screening gaps may exist following initial implementation based on facility characteristics. The objective of this study is to assess differences in screening rates for SDOH at a large, urban healthcare system. Methods: We used electronic health record data obtained from NYC Health + Hospitals primary care sites from 2019 to 2022. We calculated the mean number of visits that were SDOH screened by visit type, facility size, and the percentages of community characteristics. We conducted 4 logistic regression models predicting the odds of screening for any SDOH and for specific SDOH needs (housing, food, and medical cost assistance) based on facility type, facility size, and the socioeconomic characteristics of the surrounding community. Results: Among the 3 212 650 visits included, 16.90% were SDOH screened. Across all 4 multivariate logistic regression models predicting SDOH screening, a visit had significantly lower odds of being screened if based at a midsize or small facility, if it was a telemedicine visit, or based at a facility located in a zip-code with a higher percentage of SDOH needs. Conclusions: Our study found important differences in SDOH screening rates at a large, NYC-based health system based on size, visit type, and community level characteristics. In particular, our findings point to barriers related to facility size and telemedicine workflow that should be addressed to increase uptake of SDOH screening within different visits and facility types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected some New York City (NYC) neighborhoods that primarily consist of Black, Indigenous, and Latinx residents. In comparison to the rest of NYC, these neighborhoods experienced high hospitalization and COVID-related death rates, which has been attributed to a longstanding history of structural racism and disinvestment. While stay-at-home orders were implemented to reduce the spread of COVID-19, this may have also affected access and utilization of non-COVID related healthcare services. This study aims to assess the prevalence of and reasons for the disruption of non-COVID related healthcare services during the first 18 months of the pandemic. Methods: From September 30, 2021 to November 4, 2021, the NYC Health Department administered the COVID-19 Community Recovery Survey to a subset of residents who were part of the NYC Health Panel a probability-based survey panel. This cross-sectional survey, which included closed and open-ended questions, was either self-administered online or completed via CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) in English, Spanish, and Simplified Chinese. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize responses and unweighted, weighted, age-adjusted percentages, and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: With a response rate of 30.3% (N = 1358), more than half of participants (54%) reported disruption to either routine physical healthcare or mental health services. Concern about getting COVID-19 (61%), stay-at-home policies (40%), belief that care could safely be postponed (35%), and appointment challenges (34%) were among reasons for delaying routine healthcare. Concern about getting COVID-19 (38%) and reduced hours of service (36%) were primary reasons for delaying mental healthcare. Reported reasons for the sustained delay of care past 18 months involved COVID concerns, appointment, and insurance challenges. Conclusions: Due to the pandemic, some disruption to healthcare was expected. However, most study participants either avoided or experienced a delay in healthcare. The delay of non-COVID related healthcare throughout the pandemic may result in the further widening of the health inequity gap among NYC residents dealing with a higher chronic disease burden before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. Findings from this study can support equitable COVID-19 recovery, and guide efforts with health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the experience of 35 teachers in New York State who were reinstated in their teaching positions by an arbitrator for an additional probationary period after having been denied tenure. Data were obtained concerning the grounds for denial of tenure in each case, the reasons for reinstatement, and the results of reinstatement; these findings were then compared to those of three studies of reinstatement in the private sector. Although the private sector dismissals were in large part due to overt acts of misbehavior, terminations of teachers in this study were primarily due to performance deficiency. The authors also found that the success rates of reinstated employees differ markedly in the two sectors—in the private sector 60 to 75 percent proved satisfactory, but among the teachers only 33 percent did—and the possible causes of this difference are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses rich new data on New York State teachers to: determine how much variation in the average attributes of teachers exists across schools, identify schools that have the least-qualified teachers, assess whether the distribution has changed over time, and determine how the distribution of teachers is impacted by attrition and transfer, as well as by the job matches between teachers and schools at the start of careers. Our results show striking differences in the qualifications of teachers across schools. Urban schools, in particular, have Iesser-qualified teachers; and New York City stands out among urban areas. Low-income, low-achieving and non-white students, particularly those in urban areas, find themselves in classes with many of the least skilled teachers. Salary variation rarely compensates for the apparent difficulties of teaching in urban settings and, in some cases, contributes to the disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses holy New York City's workfare program has structured opportunities for collective action by welfare recipients. As workfare blurs the distinction between wage workers and welfare recipients, it calls into question accepted understandings of the rights and obligations of welfare recipients and fosters new claims on the state. The concept of "cultural opportunity structures" can help to explain the political mobilization of workfare participants if it is linked to a Durkheimian tradition of cultural analysis attentive to symbolic classification. The dramaturgic approach to culture exemplified in the work of Erving Goffman can usefully complement this structural approach if a narrowfocus on frames and framing processes is broadened to include interaction rituals and ceremonial profanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Electronic massagers have gained popularity for their non-invasive and cost-effective approach to healthcare. However, existing electronic massagers require manual manipulation, leading to inconsistency. Objective: To investigate the feasibility and acceptability of the Electronic Massager—Expert Manipulative Massage Automation (EMMA) among the American population. Methods: A single-arm pilot study was conducted at Mayo Clinic Rochester campus. Participants received massage therapy with the EMMA treatment model and completed a demographics and Satisfaction Survey Questionnaire. Data were collected using REDCap, and statistical analysis was performed. Results: Twenty healthy volunteers (13 women, 7 men; median age, 47 years) participated and completed the intervention within 2 weeks. No adverse events were reported. Overall, the acceptability and satisfaction of massage utilizing EMMA were high, with all participants finding the study worthwhile, willing to participate again, and willing to recommend the study to others. Regarding the overall experience, 65.0% reported a better-than-expected experience. Responses to open-ended post-treatment questions showed that most participants enjoyed the warmth (35%), pressure (25%), and relaxation (20%) provided by EMMA, with the majority suggesting no changes or improvements were needed. However, some participants expressed a desire for an expanded massage area (20%). Conclusions: This study suggests that the EMMA massager has high acceptability and satisfaction among healthy volunteers, thus demonstrating its feasibility. However, further research is needed to optimize EMMA and assess its clinical effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The U.S. has received an influx of "new immigrants." drawn from many parts of the developing world, since 1968. These have, in turn, altered the demo- graphics of congregations and denominations. Of all the denominations operating in metropolitan New York, Seventh-day Adventism has been impacted most dramatically by the changes. Its face has been transformed as it has shifted from a church of primarily Caucasians and Afro-Americans, each dominating separate conferences to one that is now 90% new immigrant. This paper explores the tensions that emerged, as a result of the changed racial/ethnic balance, in the competition to control leadership positions and resources, initially in local congregations and later in the conferences, and the dynamics as these tensions have played out. Finally, it considers why such conflict has been especially strong within Adventism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses data on interlocking directorates to test three theories of corporate organization: managerialism, coalition theory, and the theory of finance capital. Findings suggest that the modern corporation is not an autonomous unit as suggested by managerialism, that firms do not form flexible alliances which pursue mutual interests as implied by coalition theory, and that the interest groups of traditional finance capital theory do not characterize the interlock network of the 1960s. Instead, the system is dominated by a handful of interconnected major New York commercial banks and insurance companies which form the center of an integrated national network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information regarding the Fourth World Congress of Rural Sociology which was held jointly with the Ninth European Congress of Rural Sociology in Torun, Poland, August 9-13, 1976. Papers at the congress dealt with the relationship between migration and other factors-socioprofessional mobility, urban poverty, and social conditions of rural youth. The processes of assimilation and adjustment received attention as well. Migration was also a major topic at the meetings of the Rural Sociological Society, held in nonrural New York City on August 26-29, 1976. One session, chaired by Earl Morris was concerned exclusively with migration. Other sessions at the August 30-September 3 meetings of the American Sociological Association included papers dealing with migration as well. Remi Clignet was the organizer of a session on "International and Intranational Migrations." Papers presented at the American Association for the Advancement of Science Seminar on Women in Development, held in Mexico City in June 1975 just prior to the World Conference of the International Women's Year, are now available in paperback from the Overseas Development Council.

The paper focuses on two forces (stressors and resources) in the life stress process as they affect psychological distress. Utilizing three waves of panel data from a representative community sample in upstate New York, six causal models of the life stress process are tested with indicators of two types of stressors (social and physiological) and two types of resources (social and psychological). Both deterring and coping models are tested. Analysis shows that: (1) stressors and resources in the social environment have a direct impact on depressive symptoms, (2) social resources mediate the effects of social stressors on psychological distress, and (3) psychological resources indirectly affect distress by enhancing social resources. The critical role played by the social environment in the life stress process involving psychological distress is substantiated. The implications of these and other findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines three related questions: First, can psychiatrists' judgments be successfully predicted by multiple regression techniques? Second, assuming that they can, are such ratings a valid measure of mental health for the same sample at a later point in time? Third, what is the relation between mental health ratings made in 1954 and such subsequently reported behavioral outcomes as nervous break-down, mental hospitalization, or seeking professional help for emotional problems? The evidence presented warrants two conclusions. (1) The computer-derived mental health ratings are an adequate substitute for the original ratings. The regression equation accounts for 69 percent of the variance in those ratings; and the computer-derived ratings behave in the same way as the psychiatrists' ratings in relation to other variables. (2) However, neither the psychiatrists' ratings nor the computer-derived ratings are very accurate in predicting subsequent self-reported behavior indicative of mental impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicare was bitterly opposed by the medical profession before it became law in 1965. This paper examines how individual physicians reacted, in their behavior and in their thinking, to Medicare after it became law. The more general issue is the role of law as an instrument of social change. Interviews with a sample of New York State physicians before the law was passed and reinterviews at two points in time after the law was passed-once before the program went into effect and again about six months after it had gone into effect-make it possible to separate the direct effects of the law itself on attitudes from the effects of short-term experience with the program. There has been no evidence of a physicians' boycott of Medicare. With respect to their attitudes, the proportion of physicians in favor of the main part of Medicare, the hospitalization program for the elderly (Title 18, Part A), jumped from 38% before the law was passed to 70% ten months after it was passed, even before it was implemented, and again to 81% six months after it was implemented. Some laws, according to these results, may influence attitudes without first changing behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The report of the membership committee of the American Sociological Society as of December 1950 is divided into two parts first, a record of organization and operations since the annual meeting in New York last December. Second, policy considerations calling for directives. The work of the committee was organized around three points. The planning and direction was centralized in a headquarters committee consisting of the chairman and the executive office of the society in New York. The implementation, including extensive correspondence and clerical work, was performed by the staff of the national office. National coverage was provided by a field committee consisting of regional and state members of the membership committee and committee representatives appointed for the larger institutions. More than anything else, the effectiveness of this work is due to the cooperative and efficient implementation of plans by the executive officer and the staff of the national office. In the field twenty-five members of the society served to promote the program regionally and more than one hundred institutional representatives combed the larger local markets. The response of these field members and representatives was frequently excellent and indicates the extent of the society's resources in this and other matters when adequate directives and materials are provided centrally.

Background: Textbook knowledge and clinical dogma are often insufficient for effective evidence-based decision making when treating musculoskeletal injuries in American football players, given the variability in presentation and outcomes across different sports and different levels of competition. Key evidence can be drawn directly from high-quality published articles to make the appropriate decisions and recommendations for each athlete's unique situation. Purpose: To identify and analyze the 50 most cited articles related to football-related musculoskeletal injury to provide an efficient tool in the arsenal of trainees, researchers, and evidence-based practitioners alike. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The ISI Web of Science and SCOPUS databases were queried for articles pertaining to musculoskeletal injury in American football. For each of the top 50 most cited articles, bibliometric elements were evaluated: citation count and density, decade of publication, journal, country, multiple publications by the same first author or senior author, article content (topic, injury area), and level of evidence (LOE). Results: The mean ± SD number of citations was 102.76 ± 37.11; the most cited article, with 227 citations, was "Syndesmotic Ankle Sprains" published in 1991 by Boytim et al. Several authors served as a first or senior author on >1 publication, including J.S. Torg (n = 6), J.P. Bradley (n = 4), and J.W. Powell (n = 4). The American Journal of Sports Medicine published the majority of the 50 most cited articles (n = 31). A total of 29 articles discussed lower extremity injuries, while only 4 discussed upper extremity injuries. The majority of the articles (n = 28) had an LOE of 4, with only 1 article having an LOE of 1. The articles with an LOE of 3 had the highest mean citation number (133.67 ± 55.23; F = 4.02; P =.05). Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the need for more prospective research surrounding the management of football-related injury. The low overall number of articles on upper extremity injury (n = 4) also highlights an area for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on various labor relation research sponsored by the Columbia University Graduate School of Business in New York as of 1975. A study on manpower utilization and collective bargaining in local government is being done by David Lewin, Raymond D. Horton and James W. Kuhn. A field work is being continued by Leonard Sayles which deals with diffuse organizational systems. Another research work, being organized by B. J. Widick under the sponsorship of Ford Foundation includes individual papers on the subject of work in the automobile industry.

This article reports on research programs conducted by New York University's Institute of Labor Relations. The Institute's Public Assistance Project focuses on relationships between unemployment and relief recipient rates and on a survey of public-assistance economics. The project's lead researchers are B. Stein, P. S. Albin, and H. Kelijian. The subject of adult and continuing education, in cooperation with the University's Urban Center, is also mentioned. "Recurrent Education: An Alternative?" is a study that will be published in H. J. Walberg's, "Rethinking Urban Education."

Objective: Women who have direct exposure to incarceration or indirect exposure through their partner are at high risk for poor health behaviors and outcomes, which may have lasting impacts on their children. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of recent incarceration exposure among women with a recent live birth and assess the relationship between incarceration exposure and maternal and child health. Methods: We used data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (36 states and New York City, 2012-2015; N = 146 329) to estimate the prevalence of women reporting that they or their husband/partner spent time in jail during the 12 months before giving birth. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between incarceration exposure and maternal and infant health conditions. Results: The prevalence of incarceration exposure shortly before or during pregnancy was 3.7% (95% CI, 3.6%-3.9%). Women with incarceration exposure had increased odds of prepregnancy hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.51; 95% CI, 1.26-1.81), prepregnancy and postpartum depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.95 [95% CI, 1.73-2.19] and 1.49 [95% CI, 1.32-1.67], respectively), and having an infant admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (aOR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04-1.33). Conclusion: Because a parent's incarceration exposure is an adverse childhood experience with the potential to disrupt important developmental periods and have negative impacts on the socioemotional and health outcomes of children, it is critical for researchers and health care providers to better understand its impact on maternal and infant health. Prenatal and postnatal care may provide opportunities to address incarceration-related health risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Place-based economic policies and value-capture instruments are resurging in many American communities looking for alternative ways to fund infrastructure projects and support local economic revival. Using principal component methods, the authors construct an index for identifying distressed neighborhoods to enable the targeting of place-based policies involving tax increment financing (TIF). In addition, the authors use the Monte Carlo method to simulate the impact of a TIF intervention on employment and property values in neighborhoods. The analysis focuses on Broome County in upstate New York, a region that witnessed massive deindustrialization as manufacturing firms moved to other states and overseas. The authors find that a significant fraction of neighborhoods in the study area would qualify for TIF-type policies that would lead to significant improvements in property values and, likely, modest employment effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a report from the president of the American Sociological Society (ASS). Preparations are now under way for the 1947 annual meeting of ASS. The tentative arrangements are to meet in New York City, from December 28-30. Specific plans will be announced at the earliest possible moment in order to facilitate the largest possible attendance on the part of the members. According to the author, this is an appropriate time to review the progress that has been made in the major fields of sociological interest and in the discipline as a whole. With this in view, the author is considering inviting a number of members of the Society who have been particularly interested in one or another field of sociology to give an account of the present state of knowledge in their respective fields of interest in the form of a comprehensive paper which will be circulated early in the year among their colleagues having a similar interest, with the object of inducing the latter to participate in a panel which would subject this field to rigorous analysis and clarify the problems and possibilities that exist.

Background: Prior research has indicated that posttraumatic growth (PTG) often co-occurs with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, it is yet unclear what longitudinal patterns of posttraumatic symptom levels may predict the development of PTG. Methods: World Trade Center (WTC) rescue and recovery workers (2038 police and 2103 non-traditional responders) were assessed an average of 3, 6, 8, and 12 years post-9/11/2001. Responders' WTC-related PTSD symptoms were characterized by No/Low Symptom, Worsening/Subtly Worsening, Steeply Worsening (only for non-traditional responders), Improving, and Chronic trajectories. PTSD symptom trajectories were examined as predictors of PTG, which was assessed using total scores on the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form. Results: Across both occupational groups, being female, older, Hispanic, and experiencing more post-9/11 traumatic events were independently associated with self-reported PTG. Among police responders, a greater number of WTC exposures and supportive family members while working at the WTC site were linked to higher PTG. Among non-traditional responders, Black race/ethnicity, less education, fewer pre-9/11 traumatic events, and the presence of support while working at the WTC site were additionally linked to higher PTG. Only the moderate PTSD symptom trajectories (ie, worsening and improving) for police responders and all symptomatic trajectories for non-traditional responders were associated with higher levels of PTG. Conclusions: Symptomatic 12-year trajectories of PTSD symptoms and certain sociodemographic characteristics, stressor exposures, and supportive resources were associated with PTG in traditional and non-traditional WTC responders. Results provide insight into subgroups of WTC responders who may benefit from PTG-promoting interventions, as well as potentially modifiable targets to help foster PTG in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model, an important component of healthcare transformation in the United States, is an approach to primary care delivery with the goal of improving population health and the patient care experience while reducing costs. PCMH research most often focuses on system level indicators including healthcare use and cost; descriptions of patient and provider experience with PCMH are relatively sparse and commonly limited in scope. This study, part of a mixed-methods evaluation of a multi-year New York State initiative to refine and expand the PCMH model, describes patient and provider experience with New York State PCMH and its key components. Methods: The qualitative component of the evaluation included focus groups with patients of PCMH practices in 5 New York State counties (n = 9 groups and 67 participants) and interviews with providers and practice administrators at New York State PCMH practices (n = 9 interviews with 10 participants). Through these focus groups and interviews, we elicited first-person descriptions of experiences with, as well as perspectives on, key components of the New York State PCMH model, including accessibility, expanded use of electronic health records, integration of behavioral health care, and care coordination. Results: There was evident progress and some satisfaction with the PCMH model, particularly regarding integrated behavioral health and, to some extent, expanded use of electronic health records. There was less evident progress with respect to improved access and reasonable wait times, which caused patients to continue to use urgent care or the emergency department as substitutes for primary care. Conclusions: It is critical to understand the strengths and limitations of the PCMH model, so as to continue to improve upon and promote it. Strengths of the model were evident to participants in this study; however, challenges were also described. It is important to note that these challenges are difficult to separate from wider healthcare system issues, including inadequate incentives for value-based care, and carry implications for PCMH and other models of healthcare delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We examined the effects of a statewide New York (NY) care management (CM) program for substance use disorder (SUD), Managed Addiction Treatment Services (MATS), on SUD treatment services' utilization and spending among patients with a recent history of high Medicaid spending and among those for whom a predictive algorithm indicates a higher probability of outlier spending in the following year. Methods: We applied difference-in-difference analyses with propensity score matching using NY Medicaid claims data and a state registry of SUD-treatment episodes from 2006 to 2009. A total of 1263 CM enrollees with high SUD treatment spending (>$10K) in the prior year and a matched comparison group were included in the analysis. Crisis care utilization for SUD (detoxification and hospitalizations), outpatient SUD treatment, and Medicaid spending were examined over 12 months among both groups. CM effects among predicted high-future-spending patients (HFS) were also analyzed. Results: CM increased outpatient SUD treatment visits by approximately 10.5 days (95% CI = 0.9, 20.0). CM crisis care and spending outcomes were not statistically different from comparison since both conditions had comparable pre-post declines. Conversely, CM significantly reduced SUD treatment spending by approximately $955 (95% CI = −1518, −391) and reduced days of detox utilization by about 1.0 days (95% CI = −1.9, −0.1) among HFS. Conclusion: Findings suggest that CM can reduce SUD treatment spending and utilization when targeted at patients with a greater likelihood of high future spending, indicating the potential value of predictive models to select CM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the effect of the human capital characteristics of co-ethnic immigrant communities on foreign-born students' math achievement. We use data on New York City public school foreign-born students from 39 countries merged with census data on the characteristics of the immigrant household heads in the city from each nation of origin and estimate regressions of student achievement on co-ethnic immigrant community characteristics, controlling for student and school attributes. We find that the income and size of the co-ethnic immigrant community has no effect on immigrant student achievement, while the percent of college graduates may have a small positive effect. In addition, children in highly English proficient immigrant communities test slightly lower than children from less proficient communities. The results suggest that there may be some protective factors associated with immigrant community members' education levels and use of native languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article features Peter Kolesar, a theory applications expert who has made contributions on various theoretical areas including optimization, reliability, and queuing. It states that Kolesar started his career with Procter and Gamble (P&G) Co., wherein he designed a system called Inventory Controlled Production Scheduling System. Moreover, Kolesar has developed the Flexible Flow Management Program for Delaware River, which is a runner-up for the 2010 Edelman Competition.

This study examined selection effects in newspaper reports about civil disorders in the late 1960s. A comprehensive set of events recorded in newspapers across the United States was compared with the subsets of these events recorded in two national newspapers often used to construct collective event data bases-the New York Times and the Washington Post The results demonstrate that fewer than half of all disorders are covered in these two newspapers combined, and that those reported are selected on the basis of event intensity, distance, event density, city population size, type of actor, and day of the week To demonstrate the effects of these selection patterns on substantive analysis of civil disorder the authors replicated earlier studies using all reported events, and then repeated the analyses using only the events reported in the Times and the Post This procedure showed some substantial differences in results. The implications of these findings for event analyses and for substantive understandings of media selection are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the large numbers of competing proposals for improving urban schools so that students perform better policymakers need to know budget as well as performance implications of proposed reforms. One n!form group with a large constituency suggests that high schools should enroll small numbers of students, but some policymakers worry that the costs of small schools are excessive. This paper contributes to the school size policy debate by using methods and data that combine budget and performance information, with the school as the unit of analysis. With data on budgets, graduates, and characteristics of students in New York City public high schools, we estimate 4-year budgets per graduate. We find that small academic and large high schools are similar in terms of budgets per graduate and that some vocational and "transfer" high schools have the highest budgets per graduate. Because the literature on school size indicates that small high schools are more effective for minority and poor students, the similarity in outcomes that small and large high schools produce suggests that policymakers might do well to support the creation of more small high schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We quantified the association between public compliance with social distancing measures and the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the first wave of the epidemic (March–May 2020) in 5 states that accounted for half of the total number of COVID-19 cases in the United States. Methods: We used data on mobility and number of COVID-19 cases to longitudinally estimate associations between public compliance, as measured by human mobility, and the daily reproduction number and daily growth rate during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in California, Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York. Results: The 5 states mandated social distancing directives during March 19-24, 2020, and public compliance with mandates started to decrease in mid-April 2020. As of May 31, 2020, the daily reproduction number decreased from 2.41-5.21 to 0.72-1.19, and the daily growth rate decreased from 0.22-0.77 to –0.04 to 0.05 in the 5 states. The level of public compliance, as measured by the social distancing index (SDI) and daily encounter-density change, was high at the early stage of implementation but decreased in the 5 states. The SDI was negatively associated with the daily reproduction number (regression coefficients range, –0.04 to –0.01) and the daily growth rate (from –0.009 to –0.01). The daily encounter-density change was positively associated with the daily reproduction number (regression coefficients range, 0.24 to 1.02) and the daily growth rate (from 0.05 to 0.26). Conclusions: Social distancing is an effective strategy to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 and illustrates the role of public compliance with social distancing measures to achieve public health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have long documented the unintended consequences of performance systems, but insufficient attention is paid to the drivers of such consequences and the ways of mitigating them. This article contributes to this line of inquiry by analyzing New York Police Department's (NYPD) experience with its signature performance system and its affiliated policies. With multiple data sources, it finds three main drivers of the unintended consequences, including the excessive performance pressure, the bureaucracy-public expectation mismatch, and the ambiguity concerning government performance. The article makes six suggestions regarding the design of performance management systems so that their potential unintended consequences can be better identified and mitigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the traffic stop-to-deportation pipeline in New York State, how it harms children of immigrants, and how New York's Greenlight Law seeks to disrupt it but has been hobbled by an implementation gap. It first establishes the phenomenon of the traffic stop-to-deportation pipeline by documenting how traffic stops are a key cause of deportations in New York State. Second, it analyzes how the pipeline harms (mostly US citizen) children of undocumented immigrants in New York State, who are more than 7 percent (more than 300,000) of New York State's children. The pipeline makes these children fear and mistrust the police; harms their educational, social, and brain development; and consumes family income with the Mexican driver tax (costs incurred because parents could not get a driver's license). Third, the article analyzes how the Greenlight Law should help remedy these harms, and how an implementation gap leaves many parents and children vulnerable to the pipeline. The implementation gap is partly due to the pandemic, but also driven by political and other factors that could be addressed by policy. Finally, the article analyzes how variation in implementing the Greenlight Law could leave the pipeline undisrupted and lead to unequal protection of the law by place in New York State. The article makes policy recommendations for stronger enactment to reduce the pipeline's harms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I attempt to advance the concept of embeddedness beyond the level of a programmatic statement by developing a formulation that specifies how embeddedness and network structure affect economic action. On the basis of existing theory and original ethnographies of 23 apparel firms, I develop a systematic scheme that more fully demarcates the unique features, functions, and sources of embeddedness. From this scheme, I derive a set of refutable implications and test their plausibility, using another data set on the network ties of all better dress apparel firms in the New York apparel economy. Results reveal that embeddedness is an exchange system with unique opportunities relative to markets and that firms organized in networks have higher survival chances than do firms which maintain arm's-length market relationships. The positive effect of embeddedness reaches a threshold, however, after which point the positive effect reverses itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes and interprets some of the events associated with the demographic and economic restructuring that has occurred in Flushing, in the Borough of Queens in New York City. Since the liberalization of the U.S. immigration laws in 1965, many of New York's neighborhoods have been transformed by the rapid influx of immigrants. In the case of Flushing, the majority of newcomers have been Asians, particularly from China, Korea, and the Indian subcontinent. The introduction of Asian capital and enterprise into the neighborhood has revitalized what was considered to be an ailing economy and a sluggish housing market. From the perspective of some of the long-term residents, however, the costs of progress have outweighed the benefits. The paper examines the public discourse accompanying the Asianization of Flushing, centering on the conflicts that have emerged between capital and community, immigrants and long-term residents, Asians and non-Asians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes New York City residents' evaluation of two alternative forms of decentralizing the city government, the administrative way and the political way, from the perspective of survey respondents' ethnicity. Blacks' and whites' attitudes toward decentralization; Dissatisfaction with the delivery of public services; Search for alternative social change strategies directed to improving the quality of urban life.

The study reexamines Phillips's findings regarding the linkage between the appearance of news stories on prominent suicides and the subsequent monthly rise of national suicides-the Werther effect. Extending Phillips's original data set to 1977, and employing the quasi-experimental method, it is found that stories on prominent suicides are likely to trigger a subsequent rise in national suicides. However, this rise may be related to the linkage of suicide with the business cycle, and the fact that more prominent suicides may occur in years when there is a downturn in the economy. This study analyzes suicide rate data with a multivariate time-series model and controls for seasonal effects, the average duration of unemployment and war. No significant linkage is found between the national suicide rate and stories on prominent suicides on the front page of the New York Times, Employing Boorstin's definition of celebrities, the prominent suicides on the front page of the New York Times between 1947 and 1977 are differentiated as celebrity and noncelebrity suicides. Examining only celebrity suicides, it is found that a significant rise in the national suicide rate occurs in the month after a celebrity commits suicide. Suicidal imitation by the public is more selective than originally hypothesized by Phillips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]