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This paper aims to capture the digital imaginaries of Hungarian schools through the lens of digital utopianism as a theoretical framework. Employing a qualitative research approach and semi-structured interviews, this study contributes to the body of literature concerning organizational and policy-level educational management. It investigates utopian and dystopian visions of digitalized schools within the Hungarian education system, featuring participants comprising school leaders, teachers, and administrative staff drawn from five institutions, offering either general or vocational education, representing diverse ownership structures, including state and religious ownership. The study highlights prominent themes of the imaginaries, such as funding and infrastructure, equity, misuse, and social and pedagogical relations and suggests further research directions and methodologies applicable in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between text-to-speech (TTS) usage and item-by-item performance in the 2017 eighth-grade National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) math assessment, focusing on students with disabilities (SWDs), English language learners (ELLs), and their general education (GE) peers. Results indicate that all students use TTS more for longer and more difficult math items as well as for multiple-choice or short-response formats. Among SWDs and GE students, lower math proficiency and higher perceived time pressure are linked to higher TTS usage. Moreover, among GE students, factors such as male gender, minority status, lower math persistence, and higher math interest and effort during testing contribute to higher TTS usage. TTS usage is positively associated with item performance for SWDs and ELLs who received extended time accommodations but not for those who did not receive such accommodations or for general education students. The study suggests that the time constraints of speeded digital assessments may limit the potential benefits of TTS for SWDs and ELLs in math problem-solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving students' spelling proficiency can increase their reading performance. Unfortunately, many students with specific learning disabilities in reading struggle with spelling. These students are often served in general education settings and provided with limited support for spelling. Recently, however, teachers have begun to incorporate sound walls—a visual representation of the connection between letter sounds (phonemes) and letters (graphemes)—as a tool to promote spelling and other literacy-related skills. This article provides information on what sound walls are, how they differ from word walls, and guidance on how to incorporate sound walls within a structured approach to literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop and implement an undergraduate liberal arts education programme titled Social-Venture Planning for Creative Problem-Solving. The programme was designed based on the creative problem-solving process model and previous research on social-venture planning, with the goal of providing undergraduate students with the experience needed to address social issues in creative ways. To empirically evaluate the programme's effectiveness, the CPSPI questionnaire was administered both before and after the intervention. Multiple sets of data for a mixed-method analysis were collected. The results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in creative problem-solving competencies among the undergraduate participants. The results of the qualitative analysis explain the context of the change by subfactors. In the concluding section, key considerations for implementing the programme and the pedagogical implications of integrating social-venture planning into the context of liberal arts education were elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With advocates for Restorative Justice arguing that punitive punishments through prosecution alone do little to prevent offending, it must be examined why restorative practices are not more frequently used to tackle road-related harm. In Roads Policing, the victim rarely has an opportunity to take part in the rehabilitation of an offender for their specific offence. Educational courses currently exist for offenders that cause low-level harm (or potential harm) on the roads, yet there appears to be no voice for the specific victim; instead, they must rely on an offender being deterred from future offending by general education or enforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liberal arts education is highly commodified, yet it also boasts to cultivate critical thinkers and progressive changemakers. What exactly is the kind of "critical mindedness" that liberal arts institutions produce? Drawing from Bourdieuan concepts and recent anthropological work on elite subject formation, I explain how undergraduate students in an elite, predominantly White institution refashion the notion of "critique" as part of their elite habitus. I argue that neoliberal educational institutions enable the new elites to speak about (and advocate for) structural change without ever having to scrutinize their own elite subject position. This depoliticized notion of "doing critique" promises little progressive social transformation and reinforces the hegemonic power of neoliberalism from the inside out. I conclude by highlighting the situatedness of "critique" and its pedagogical potential and limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examined the extent to which educators believe students with complex support needs (CSN) participate in and benefit from practices associated with school-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports (SWPBIS). We conducted a survey of 622 teachers in the United States and analyzed responses according to the implementation or absence of SWPBIS at the respondent's school. Our findings show (a) teachers working in SWPBIS schools have more knowledge of how to handle challenging behavior among students with CSN, (b) students with CSN who are taught in SWPBIS schools are more involved in SWPBIS-associated practices and the general education classroom, and (c) teachers believe students with CSN should be involved in SWPBIS-associated practices. Implications for practice and research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of teachers is tied to their effectiveness in managing student behavior. In this meta-analysis, we identified 49 single-case-design studies that evaluated the effectiveness of teacher training on their implementation of behavioral support strategies. Training was most often provided in a one-on-one format (n = 18) and included ongoing coaching (n = 20). Thirty-three of the 49 designs met What Works Clearinghouse standards with or without reservations. The overall between-case standardized mean difference effect size was d = 1.50. We analyzed and grouped teacher- and student-level outcomes as a result of training into five domains: (a) teacher-delivered praise (d = 1.94), (b) teacher desirable behavior (e.g., treatment fidelity; d = 1.22), (c) teacher undesirable behavior (e.g., reprimands; d = 0.87), (d) student desirable behavior (d = 1.88), and (e) student undesirable behavior (d = 1.22). Across all studies, the combined nonoverlap of all pairs scores ranged from 0.37 to 1.0 (M = 0.866). We discuss future areas of research as well as implications for teacher training in behavioral support implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to examine the career aspirations of Indian female undergraduate students, by utilizing a theoretical framework integrating Attachment Theory and Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT). Data were collected from 157 female Indian undergraduate students at a Liberal Studies college in India to study the contribution of self-reported maternal and paternal attachment security in predicting career aspirations. In particular, the mediating effects of student-reported self-esteem and career decision self-efficacy were examined in the relationship between their perceptions of maternal and paternal attachment security and career aspirations. Secure attachment to mothers, but not fathers, was found to relate to self-esteem and career decision self-efficacy, which in turn predicted career aspirations. Findings from the study contribute to the literature on career aspirations of women in India and lend support for the integration of attachment theory and SCCT. Future research and practical implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research supports the benefits of inclusive education for all students, including those with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Additionally, educators are supportive of the idea of including students with IDD in general education classrooms. However, they report many barriers to doing so, including a lack of a systematic process to plan for successful inclusive experiences. In this article, we present a systematic process for identifying and arranging supports for successful inclusive educational experiences for students with IDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many general education teachers have indicated they do not feel well prepared to meet the academic and behavioral needs of students with extensive support needs (ESN). Although teachers cite limited training, preparation, and experience as notable barriers to general education placements for students with ESN, the opportunity and success of the inclusion of students with ESN in general education, should never be dependent on the previous preparation of teachers. To address and reduce some of the identified barriers, this article proposes ways in which many strategies commonly used for instruction with students without disabilities can readily be adapted to allow not only access for students with disabilities but to also promote active engagement and progress towards learning the general education content standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educators often feel ill-equipped to support autistic students in general education contexts, although research shows that inclusion in these settings can contribute to positive outcomes. Professional development (PD) in evidence-based practices (EBPs) for autistic students can address this need; however, it is essential to understand the mechanisms by which PD can improve educators' EBP use. Through an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design (QUAN→ QUAL), the authors gathered quantitative (Phase 1) and qualitative (Phase 2) data from 86 educators (special educators, general educators, and paraeducators) serving autistic students in general education elementary school classrooms. Using survey data on educators' reported EBP training and use, the authors evaluated the effects of different training types (conference, in-service workshop, pre-service preparation, webinar, coaching/consultation) on educators' use of EBPs for autistic students. The authors explored educators' training experiences that facilitated their EBP use. The authors applied an established professional development framework to qualitative interview data to identify how key PD features (active learning, collective participation, content focus, cohesion, and sustained duration) have been accessed by educators and how they describe these as enabling their EBP use. Results demonstrate that pre-service training, in-service district or school-provided workshops, and coaching or consultation predicted EBP implementation. In addition, educators highlighted key PD features that facilitated EBP use, such as active learning. The authors discuss implications and guidance for incorporating these features within existing PD models to enhance EBP use for autistic students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students with disabilities experience less postschool success than students without disabilities. Until recently, college and career readiness efforts did not appear to include an explicit focus on students with disabilities. Because most U.S. students with disabilities spend time in general education settings, general education teachers need strategies to prepare all students for college and careers. The predictors of postschool success appear ideal to support general education teachers with this effort. We investigated the use of an asynchronous online intervention to increase two general education teachers' knowledge of three predictors of postschool success. Results were promising in that the intervention increased participants' knowledge of the three predictors. We share limitations related to our research design and suggestions for future research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research is an interview-based study that captures the academics' perspectives toward the planning and design of an interdisciplinary General Education Curriculum for undergraduate students in the Chinese context, using the Common Core Curriculum at the University of Hong Kong as a case study. Design/Approach/Methods: A total of 28 academics with various levels of academic ranking, disciplinary context, proven teaching excellence, and research productivities were individually invited for and consented to a semi-structured and face-to-face interview. Findings: This article suggests four fundamental and interrelated dimensions for consideration when structuring an interdisciplinary General Education Curriculum, namely, how to design, what is worth learning, how to learn and teach, and how to know students have learned. It is suggested that the ideal curriculum should remain coherent and coordinated, broad and balanced, as well as open and flexible, ensuring the capture of knowledge, skills, and attitudes, with the facilitation of active, authentic, and contextualized pedagogies and assessments. Originality/Value: This article has the potential of providing insight for policymakers and educators around the world to better structure an interdisciplinary General Education Curriculum by creating an overall springboard for future discussion. They can also integrate these evidence-based elements and strategies into their everyday practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isolation, quarantine, and fear of the Coronavirus have led to increases in mental health concerns in adults and teens. While research has begun documenting the increased rates of mental illness resulting from the pandemic, there has been little indepth exploration of how teens from diverse backgrounds are experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study was a focus group conducted with 5 TRIO Upward Bound high school students in a midwestern US state to explore how COVID-19 has impacted them and their communities. Results showed that while these teens reported feeling developmentally impeded and unable to follow social distancing guidelines, they also reported finding ways to cope. These results are important in understanding how teens from diverse backgrounds build resiliency, and how they face challenges during social isolation. Future research should involve longitudinal designs that follow teens into their adult lives to determine how development and resilience continue to change over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students with extensive support needs (ESN) benefit from inclusion in general education settings with their same-age peers. Many teachers, however, report feeling overwhelmed and underprepared to effectively educate students with ESN within general education settings. To mitigate this, we must ensure that content related to the instruction and inclusion of students with ESN in general education settings is included in the introductory special education courses taken by preservice general education teachers, which we refer to as "SPED 101." Our research team surveyed 302 instructors of SPED 101 courses in general education baccalaureate teacher preparation programs at institutions of higher education across the United States. Data suggest that most instructors cover content related to the instruction and the inclusion of students with ESN, although the extent to which content is addressed varies among instructors, indicating inconsistencies in course content, delivery, and instruction. Limitations, implications, and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First, teachers should consider the need for curricular adaptations (i.e., adaptations to what is taught in the general education classroom that prioritize content aligned to state-adopted general education standards and incorporate student's individualized support needs; [11]). A Systematic Process for Developing and Arranging Supports Even when information has been collected to develop a comprehensive student profile and understand the general education classroom context, teachers may experience challenges in supporting students with disabilities in the general education classroom. This "View From the Field" column is the second in a three-part series dedicated to defining and promoting inclusive practices in educational settings for students with disabilities. [Extracted from the article]

To best support students with low vision in the general education classroom, special education teachers can facilitate use of several adaptations including: (a) attention to curriculum access (e.g. text magnifiers), (b) mechanisms for promoting social connectedness, (c) managing physical space, and (d) effective instructional techniques. This article provides an overview for special educators on how they can support general education teachers in providing research-based practices for students with low vision in their classroom. Description of effective practices along with resources helpful for continuing professional development are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U.S. schools are required to educate students in the least restrictive environment (LRE). The number of students with high incidence disabilities, including those with speech or language impairments (SLI), who spend most of their day in the general education classroom has increased in the last decade. Establishing classrooms that proactively address the learning needs of students with SLI is essential to ensure that students are educated in the LRE. Co-teaching is an instructional strategy that utilizes the expertise of two educators to provide instruction in the general education classroom. This article provides an overview of the research on co-teaching and rationale for use with teachers and speech-language pathologists (SLPs), defines two models of co-teaching that can be used between teachers and SLPs to provide instruction in general education classrooms, and offers examples of co-teaching models in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on studying the liberal-democratic values in the general education of Georgia. Based on the social interaction approach of political socialization, the article assesses pupils' and teachers' positions towards the liberal and democratic principles and values that have been declared policy goals of Georgia since 2004. Using DAP (Democracy-Autocracy Preference), DPE (Democratic Performance Evolution), and initially tested Lib-Dem (Liberal-Democratic) scales, 297 students and 121 teachers were surveyed. Results show that teachers demonstrate more liberal-democratic positions than pupils. Also, girls tend to be less supportive of authoritarian governments and share more liberal approaches than boys. A similar trend is observed comparing students from private and public schools. The type of school correlates to teachers' results in supporting liberal and democratic positions. However, the more liberal-democratic positions the respondents share, the more likely they believe that "Georgian" and "Liberal" are incompatible. Also, respondents who see Georgia as a democratic country and are more proud to be members of Georgian society share less liberal and democratic principles and vice versa. The study shows how liberal and democratic declared and policy ideas are supported among respondents and what it means to Georgia and its education system. Based on the results and discussion, new research questions are articulated dealing with gender, the generation gap, and the importance of the type of school that needs to be examined more carefully using the social interaction approach and qualitative methods and techniques, as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) exhibit challenging behaviors and social skills delays that can interfere with their ability to build relationships. Intervening early (e.g., in elementary school) can prevent short- and long-term consequences of these challenging behaviors. General educators serve as the primary teacher of these students, with some students with EBD spending more than 80% of their school day in the general education setting. In addition, given the amount of time elementary students spend with their general educators, these educators may be able to build a community that can help students establish and maintain positive relationships while engaging equally and actively in classroom activities. The purposes of this study were to (a) explore elementary general educators' perceptions of social inclusion of students with EBD, and (b) identify facilitators of and barriers to social inclusion. We identified four themes: social inclusion, relationships, facilitators, and barriers and needs. Findings indicated that general educators work to socially include students with EBD, but they faced barriers related to collaboration with special educators and needed professional development. Implications include the need for more collaboration between practitioners to promote socially inclusive environments for students with EBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the importance of academic motivation for student retention and persistence and that most undergraduate students participate in paid employment, this study investigated first-year undergraduate student employment and its relationship with academic motivation. Specifically, this study used the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education (WNS), a longitudinal survey study designed to examine student outcomes, to consider whether paid employment was associated with changes in students' academic motivation during their first year of college. Results suggested that student employment both on-campus and off-campus was negatively associated with students' end-of-first-year academic motivation, when controlling for students' precollege academic motivation and a host of other student background characteristics, institutional characteristics, and college experiences. Implications for higher education faculty and staff are considered, including the importance of emphasizing connections between student employment and academic learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Very little is known about how unidentified dual sensory loss (DSL) may affect education and academic outcomes for students with extensive support needs (ESN). We used data from a teacher survey on over 100,000 students with ESN who take statewide alternate assessments to identify the number of students with known and suspected DSL and the differences in characteristics between those groups. Students with ESN and suspected DSL (N = 870) struggled to access the general education curriculum more than their peers with ESN and known DSL (N = 649) and had fewer academic skills than their peers. We conclude with implications for practice and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) than ever before spend most of their time in general education. To increase their academic and behavioral success, students with EBD need access to empirically supported interventions and services. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate strategy effectiveness for students with EBD in K–12 inclusive settings. Identified studies were assessed with two approaches for evaluating methodological quality and multiple methods for assessing intervention effects. Results indicated that there is a dearth of empirical support for strategies implemented in general education classrooms for students with EBD though most of the studied reviewed were of high quality with moderate-to-large effects. In addition to the practical findings, the research team compared review methods with findings indicating agreement between expert visual analysis and more structured approaches for visual analysis. For the quantitative metrics, results indicated variable agreement across methods. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary students with specific learning disabilities (SLD) can often demonstrate skill deficits and problem behaviors in general education classes. Teachers generally understand how to implement intensive interventions, yet may not know how to address skill deficits and off-task behaviors using a function-based approach or may encounter barriers to implementation. In this article, we present barriers to implementation that may occur in secondary settings. To help educators make decisions, we offer recommendations and resources to overcome these barriers to implementing functional assessment-based interventions in secondary schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite decades of robust evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of self-monitoring for attention, the strategy is not universally taught to students who struggle with attention, particularly within general education settings. Recent studies have included technology such as tablets or smartphones, adding to the ease and social acceptability of the self-monitoring strategy. In this article, we provide the steps and tips for teachers to use an inexpensive smartphone app to increase on-task attending during instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General education teachers encounter challenges with behavior management that are compounded by limited experience and training on implementing targeted behavioral supports. One research-based method to support teacher implementation of behavioral interventions is on-site coaching. Unfortunately, coaching can be a time- and resource-intensive approach to professional development. The purpose of this article is to provide intervention team leaders with a step-by-step process for providing feasible coaching support to teacher implementers of Tier 2 behavioral supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the association between the percentage of students with disabilities (SWD) in general education teachers' classes and their likelihood of turnover, investigating potential internal and external resources (certification, experience, preparation, classroom management, and working conditions) as moderators and disaggregating types of teacher mobility. Before accounting for other variables, the percentage of SWD, and the percentage of students with most specific disabilities, in teachers' classes were positively associated with moving within and moving between districts. These associations were not significant after accounting for student, teacher, and school characteristics. We identified a negative association between leaving teaching in the state and the percentage of SWD in teachers' classes, even after accounting for other variables. Dual-certification and instructional leadership moderated some of these associations. Results suggest that future research is needed to identify the supports teachers have access to when they teach higher percentages of SWD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article draws on concepts from speculative design to explore an alternative educational group existing outside the boundaries of an accredited university. Inspired by the imaginative approach of speculative design, I propose a small-scale reading and discussion group as a pathway to explore possible futures open to aspects of humanities education. The concept aims to reposition elements of the humanities from within the degree-granting Canadian university space to engage the wider public through a network meant to ideally foster an interconnected community of learners. This rhizomatic network would provide avenues for those without the means, access, or desire to pursue post-secondary education in the humanities to engage in questions that are relevant to their lived experience. I use an inquiry-based model of learning to explore probable, plausible, and preferable futures for liberal arts education as a way to challenge some current modes of thinking and provoke further discussion and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine language at the teacher/classroom level among second-grade classrooms that differ in socioeconomic backgrounds. Measures of teachers' vocabulary input across the school day throughout the school year were examined. There was a significant difference in the proportion of academic word use between classes that differed in the percentage of students on free or reduced-price lunch. Teachers in classes of students from higher socioeconomic backgrounds used more academic words. Class vocabulary level significantly predicted the proportion of academic word use and the proportion of grade-level vocabulary use. Once class vocabulary level was accounted for, the percentage of students on free or reduced-price lunch was no longer predictive. However, some classes of students may be at a disadvantage in their exposure to academic and grade-level vocabulary words given that school is the most likely place for many students to be exposed to these curriculum words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educators in economically and racially segregated schools enact subgroup entitlement policies, such as Title III and IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act), as they negotiate the diverse and underserved needs throughout the student body. How do subgroup entitlement policies for English learners and students with disabilities shape daily opportunity provision—the day-to-day distribution of resources—in segregated schools? This ethnographic study of a public middle school reveals that the implementation of subgroup entitlement policies shaped the opportunity structure for all students through (1) creating tracks that offered distinct conditions for learning, (2) fragmenting the organizational structure and inhibiting coordination, (3) exposing the school to increased compliance pressure that hierarchized priorities, and (4) utilizing subgroup-specific resources for general education students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring learning progress enables teachers to address students' interindividual differences and to adapt instruction to students' needs. We investigated whether using learning progress assessment (LPA) or using a combination of LPA and prepared material to help teachers implement assessment-based differentiated instruction resulted in improved reading skills for students. The study was conducted in second-grade classrooms in general primary education, and participants (N = 33 teachers and N = 619 students) were assigned to one of three conditions: a control group (CG); a first intervention group (LPA), which received LPA only; or a second intervention group (LPA-RS), which received a combination of LPA and material for differentiated reading instruction (the "reading sportsman"). At the beginning and the end of one school year, students' reading fluency and reading comprehension were assessed. Compared with business-as-usual reading instruction (the CG), providing teachers with LPA or both LPA and prepared material did not lead to higher gains in reading competence. Furthermore, no significant differences between the LPA and LPA-RS conditions were found. Corresponding analyses for lower- and higher-achieving students also revealed no differences between the treatment groups. Results are discussed regarding the implementation of LPA and reading instruction in general education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavior-specific praise is a research-based classroom management strategy that promotes appropriate student behaviors. Praise specificity, however, may not be the only characteristic of praise that enhances efficacy. The current study examined teacher's natural use of specific, contingent, and varied praise to understand additional qualities of praise. Praise statements of inservice special education (n = 12), inservice general education (n = 13), and dual special education/general education preservice (n = 17) teachers were observed in natural elementary school settings. Statistical results did not indicate differences between teacher groups and praise characteristics; however, descriptive results demonstrate all teacher groups delivered low rates of general and specific praise. Percentages of praise contingency (average range = 59%–91.2%) suggest teachers did not deliver sufficient praise statements contingent on student behavior. Furthermore, percentages of praise variety (average range = 44.5%–57.7%) show use of repetitive praise statements that may reduce efficacy on student behaviors. These findings and other implications are discussed in the context of future praise research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Number talks are increasingly used in general education mathematics classes to engage students. Yet despite the potential benefits, number talks are given limited attention for students with high-incidence disabilities in special education settings. This article presents special education teachers with both the why and, more important, the how for implementing number talks to support students with high-incidence disabilities in special education settings. Specifically, the authors address how number talks can serve as both a formative assessment and an intervention for fluency and activating students' background knowledge to be successful in general education settings. The article also provides suggestions for implementing number talks with fidelity and flexibility (e.g., use of manipulatives, pictorial representations, and teacher explicit instruction of numerical strategies). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite nearly ubiquitous general education requirements for students to take courses across disciplines, disciplinarity itself is often invisible to students and taken for granted by professors. We argue that surfacing these divisions and demystifying academic structures is, paradoxically, a key step in educating students toward the crossing of intellectual borders. In this article, we engage current Scholarship of Teaching and Learning to discuss the challenges both faculty and students face in navigating multidisciplinary general education programs, and we offer a practical resource for facilitating such integrative learning and pedagogy. This resource, a two-page handout outlining the disciplinary values behind the research processes and citation practices across several academic domains, can be used in a variety of settings—including classrooms and professional development workshops—for both student and faculty audiences, to achieve multiple purposes, including teaching and learning disciplinarity; demystifying disciplinary writing conventions; and assignment-, course-, or curricular redesign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to our understanding of the micro-policy experience of an implemented curriculum from the perspective of students, in addition to teachers, as the key coupling agents in the schools of a Chinese global city. Although the phenomenon of decoupling in educational policy is widely recognized, much less attention has been paid to the micro-dynamics involved in implementing education reform policy from the perspective of students and teachers. It is argued that these local actors' experiences are best captured by the bi-dimensional framework of loose coupling and pedagogic modalities. This argument is illustrated through a case study of the implementation of the Liberal Studies reform under Senior Secondary Curriculum in Hong Kong since 2009. The study demonstrates how students and teachers interpret and make sense of policy, strategic, and practical needs manifested in the microprocesses of policy coupling and decoupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this review was to systematically analyze the literature on behavior management training for general educators (Pre–K-12). We identified 74 articles in which general educators were trained to implement a behavior management strategy. General educators were most commonly trained to implement behavior-specific praise (n = 12), Class-Wide Function-Related Intervention Teams (n = 8), or a multi-component intervention package (i.e., a student-level intervention that included a number of strategies; n = 21). The two most common training components were initial training provided in a one-on-one format (n = 30) and the inclusion of ongoing coaching (n = 29). Thirty-nine articles included measures of practitioner fidelity or discrete behaviors (e.g., behavior-specific praise) within the context of an experimental design. We evaluated methodological rigor and evidence of effectiveness of these 39 articles using What Works Clearinghouse standards. Eleven articles included group design studies, nine (81.82%) of which met standards with or without reservations, and four designs had promising evidence of effectiveness. Twenty-eight articles included a total of 49 single-case research designs, of which 27 designs (55.10%) met standards with or without reservations, and 23 designs provided moderate to strong evidence of effectiveness. Directions for future research and implications for the field are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students' language skills are a foundational component to their overall success, indicating the importance of rich language environments in classrooms. It is critical for teachers to understand how to create an environment aimed at maximizing language as they're likely to have students with language disorders in their classroom. Typically, teachers receive minimal training on students with language disorders and how to support them academically. This paper discusses the significance of interdisciplinary collaborative relationships between speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and general education teachers to achieve a language rich environment in the classroom. We (a) introduce the essential components to an effective SLP-teacher partnership, (b) address barriers and provide plausible solutions, (c) overview common types of language disorders, (d) provide tips on how to use language-supportive strategies, and (e) discuss different types of effective partnerships to support students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its inception, a premise of special education has been to provide students with disabilities with an appropriate education. The interpretation of appropriate has evolved across eras of special education. For students with learning disabilities, emphases on inclusion and high‐stakes achievement have eroded the intention of FAPE. It is time for a re‐envisioning of FAPE. A new vision should not presume the same outcomes for all. Restoring goals and individualized curriculum informed by the general education curriculum instead of exclusively focused "in the general education curriculum" is the way forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compares mathematics instructional practices in classrooms that do and do not contain students with high-incidence disabilities (HIDs). To do so, we examined a national data set of responses from kindergarten teachers about instructional practices. We do find that in classrooms with students with HIDs, teachers reported different frequencies of math activities as well as skills instruction. These differences depended on type of HID. There were no differences in the frequency of time spent on math, meaning that classrooms with and without students with HIDs reported the same amount of math instruction per week. Differences in these findings arose based on teacher qualifications. Implications for policy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined factors linked to novice general education teachers' perception of their preparedness to work with multilingual learners in the classroom. Using a multilevel modeling approach, we examined factors at the teacher and school levels using two AY 2015 to 2016 datasets: The National Teacher and Principal Survey from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Civil Rights Data Collection from the Office of Civil Rights. The results show that teacher perception of preparedness was positively associated with teacher education courses on working with multilingual learners, supports received during the first-year teaching, and the number of multilingual learners teachers worked within their classrooms. Similarly, the concentration of multilingual learners at the school level had a positive impact on preparedness. Overall, it appears that experiences both learning about and working with multilingual learners are positively associated with novice general education teachers' perceptions of preparedness to work with multilingual students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graph: Figure 1 Autism spectrum disorder curriculum model ASD Curriculum Model (ASD-CM) The ASD-CM bridges the gap between the multitiered systems of supports (MTSS) process followed by general educators with the data-based individualization (DBI) process followed by special educators as both attempt to work with students with ASD in the general education environment. i When general and special educators work collaboratively within the general education environment, the special educator should determine whether the targeted program selected by the general educator meets the needs of students with ASD. Graph I Ms. Johnson is a first-grade general educator at a local elementary school in southern Florida. [Extracted from the article]

This study focuses on the place and role of the humanities, especially the liberal arts in emerging economies which rely vastly on the development of national skills and expertise. It is based on one example of a publicly funded university in Oman where the urgency of creating a skilled workforce has led to an exercise in aligning higher education with the creation of an employable pool of skilled graduates. Given a variety of social, cultural and administrative considerations, the role of an English program has been challenged for its capacity to address changing market requirements. Based on current students, alumni, and faculty perceptions and recommendations, this study investigates the possible immediate and far-reaching goals of an English program in a tertiary educational institution and suggests ways in which liberal education could be rearticulated to align itself with rapidly changing realities for students and the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study, which was reviewed through the Registered Report process, examined the initial efficacy of the Scientific Explorers program (Sci2) on second-grade students' science achievement. Sci2 is grounded in the growing body of empirical research on science instruction, embedding principles of explicit instruction within a guided inquiry-based design framework. Eighteen second-grade classrooms were randomly assigned to treatment or control conditions. A cluster randomized controlled trial was employed, with 294 students nested within classrooms and classrooms nested within condition. The Sci2 program was implemented for a total of 10 lessons (5 hr) in treatment classrooms, whereas control classrooms provided business-as-usual science instruction. Overall treatment effects were observed on three of four science outcome measures. The reported effects were moderate to large, with effect sizes (Hedges' g) ranging from 0.48 to 0.94. Moderation analyses indicated that science knowledge at pretest did not moderate Sci2's effects. Implications for practice and research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite not having specific special education laws, Norway's Lov om grunnskolen og den vidaregåande opplæringa (Act Relating to Primary and Secondary Education and Training) law provides individualized instruction to students who qualify for special education services after an extensive evaluation process. Improvements are recommended in special education competency among general education teachers to improve the educational outcomes of students with behavioral challenges and also to help educators meet Norway's preference to keep students with disabilities in general education classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various stakeholders continue to have concerns regarding the school performance of students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). In an effort to improve student outcomes, schools may rely on improving student access to general education classrooms (e.g., inclusion). This trend occurs at a time when districts across the nation face heightened expectations regarding the provision of a free appropriate public education. Although federal policy emphasizes the use of research-based practices to improve student outcomes, there appears to be little research to inform decision-making when planning inclusive instruction for students with EBD. In the absence of intervention research, practitioners must largely rely on their professional judgment to operationalize inclusive instruction and monitor student response to inclusive instructional practices. This column summarizes relevant intervention research focusing on academic performance, makes recommendations for additional research to better inform school practice, and suggests practices to improve service delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to have a better understanding of today's general education development (GED) students so proper services and support can be provided to meet their needs. Through students enrolled in GED programs in a health science career pathway–focused city college, the study learned the students' employment status, career intention, and sources of finding the GED programs. It tracked academic year gaps between the students' very first and current GED enrollment in the city college and found a mild correlation between student age and year gap. It also identified GED students' unbalanced learning skills in math and reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In co-taught classes, general education and special education teachers can improve the content-area learning and literacy skills of students with learning disabilities by helping them read texts effectively. Co-teachers can improve comprehension by providing students with background and vocabulary knowledge before reading. In this article, a routine for introducing background (world) and vocabulary (word) knowledge—the world knowledge and word knowledge routine (world and word)—is described. The article includes explanations how each part of the routine works and uses an example to illustrate how co-teachers could use the routine to promote student reading comprehension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This unique special issue features five articles that provide guidance for middle school special education and general education content-area co-teachers on how to implement enhanced co-teaching models including specialized literacy instruction and best practices for co-teachers (e.g., co-planning; using station teaching to differentiate instruction). The authors of each article were part of a research team that conducted a 2015–2018 development and innovation professional development project funded by the U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, Project CALI (Content Area Literacy Instruction). Project CALI resulted in the development of the CALI professional development designed to provide co-teachers guidance on how to implement a set of evidence-based literacy practices (i.e., the CALI instructional framework) to improve outcomes for students with learning disabilities (LD) in co-taught classes. Authors in this special issue use examples from the CALI professional development to illustrate each practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]