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Numerous natural dyes were used to dye mediaeval Islamic paper from the tenth to the nineteenth century, using a variety of techniques. The objective of this research is to develop an analytical method using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) to identify natural dyes in forty historical Islamic paper manuscripts from two collections. In addition, novel information was obtained from original treatises containing recipes for dyeing paper and the chronological use of dyes in dyeing mediaeval Islamic paper between the tenth and seventeenth centuries. The results show that thirty-four of the forty manuscripts examined contained dyes. Six natural dyes were detected, including henna, madder, lac, safflower, turmeric, and weld. This is the first study aimed at developing a method for determining various natural dyes in Islamic paper from a wide historical and geographical range in the mediaeval time and to fill significant gaps in the technical and historical knowledge of papermaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper introduces an approach that facilitates whole-class curriculum co-creation and presents a case study conducted in a higher education institution in Hong Kong where it was implemented. The approach enables students to actively contribute to constructing a curriculum in partnership with teachers and practitioners, using scenario development techniques within the technology-enhanced learning environments. In this sense, the study is compatible with and contributes to contemporary higher education requirements for future-ready students, able to work in fast-changing, digitalized and globalized working environments. The case study describes the implementation of the approach in undergraduate and postgraduate knowledge management courses. The mix-method design was employed, including content analysis of scenarios, a questionnaire asking for students' feedback, and teacher's observations. The findings revealed that the approach enabled students and the teacher to work more collaboratively and co-create some aspects of the knowledge management courses (e.g., identifying and compiling relevant subject trends), even if some challenges were experienced. The paper points to the need for students' ownership when it comes to developing curricula that better consider students' experiences and meaning-making processes. The paper contributes to contemporary higher education discourse by providing conceptual and practical guidance on how to enact whole-class curriculum co-creation for teachers interested in such practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human–computer interaction, Artificial Intelligence, and the multilingualism of digital culture open up unexpected scenarios in the contemporary design of cultural spaces with the creation of artifacts in which the analogic and digital dimensions come together to enhance the experience. Sensors and devices track user movement in the real world and translate the inputs into commands through hand gestures, speech recognition, head movements, tangible interfaces, or a combination of these elements. Through theorical models, concepts and tools, the paper reports the evolution of "User Experience" applied to personalized enjoyment and use of cultural places. The functional-performance survey of tools and technologies for perception, narrative and augmented interaction revealed models that highlight the diversity and richness of tangible and intangible cultural heritage through new forms of interaction and knowledge transfer. In this direction, new technological tools make it possible to detect, track and evaluate the personalized user experience by processing or producing large amounts of data. Therefore, on one hand the paper explores the limitations dictated by data management and user privacy in using such systems and, on the other, it prefigures new scenarios for amplifying and personalizing the user experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cybernetics covers many traditional disciplines, including technology, philosophy, biology, mathematics, and social sciences. So, studying and understanding cybernetics systems and their management are essential concepts in all aspects of life. But, as far as we know, a perfect and profound discussion about the topic of cybernetic systems is rare. In order to address the emerging challenges of the information society, this paper will cover recent developments in the development of cybernetic systems with particular reference to management applications. Selected articles were analyzed in 7 main groups: historical evolution of cybernetics systems, system dynamics, dialogic design science, complexity theory, artificial intelligence, cybernetics, and management optimization). In order to advance research and development, the study showed the multi- and trans-disciplinary nature of cybernetics, systems, and the management sciences. According to the findings of our analysis, most papers were released in 2007. We also found that the IEEE Journals had the largest number of published articles. It suggests that the researchers' attention to research in this field has diminished over time. Also, the results showed that cybernetics might render a conceptual-philosophical aid and a functional instrument in control and managerial planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the best integration point to integrate information technology and manufacturing technology, the digital factory is the basis for the intelligent transformation of manufacturing companies. This article will discuss how to build it and discuss the digital world. When companies develop, integrate, share, apply and update different knowledge, create more added value and benefits, and make significant contributions to the sustainable development of knowledge management companies, they pay more and more attention to improving their own competitiveness. Therefore, this article proposes a method to improve knowledge management based on the actual situation of the enterprise, and proposes a strategy for recent development. In the knowledge management applications of the digital factory, the high-speed transmission and processing of data becomes crucial. But the traditional network technology has been unable to meet the increasing demand for data. This paper explores the potential application and advantages of optical network transmission based on 5G network in the application of knowledge management in digital factory, studies the optical network transmission technology based on 5G network, and discusses its feasibility and advantages in the application of knowledge management in digital factory. The study found that the optical network transmission technology based on 5G network can greatly improve the data transmission speed and bandwidth, and meet the needs of digital factories for efficient data transmission. Optical network transmission technology also has the advantages of low latency, high reliability and low energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the island of Réunion, a French overseas department located in the western Indian Ocean, a prefectorial decree taken by the authorities on July 26, 2013 has been reconducted for the past 10 years to forbid swimming and water-based activities, apart from the conditions set out in the injunction. This decision was the outcome of increased shark sightings and incidents causing, in particular, the deaths of 5 ocean users between 2011 and 2013. As a preliminary attempt to address the lack of empirical research on ocean users' social representations and their relationship to non-humans, this paper aims to primarily analyze thoroughly the issues of the acceptance of shark risk mitigation options. Data were gathered through a qualitative study that mobilized several ethnographic tools such as face-to-face semi-structured interviews, participant and non-participant observation as well as social media data survey. Results indicate that the many tensions generated by shark-human interactions (SHIs) on the island of Réunion are related to a lack of public consultation, thus calling the acceptance of the shark management strategy and the scientific recommendations into question. The findings may improve shark-human interactions management as we consider the management of risk as a process to develop a well-balanced way of living with the sharks where residual risk remains. This study contributes to the advancement of knowledge on the management of human-wildlife conflicts (HWCs) while the results tend to confirm the findings of many other studies showing that they are often rooted in human-human conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing complexity of industrial production systems is challenging employees on the shop-floor in their daily work. Specific knowledge about manufacturing processes is often not available in explicit form but mainly as tacit knowledge of experienced shop-floor workers. A systematic approach to knowledge externalization and reuse is required to make this operational knowledge available. This paper proposes a method to systematically capture and structure expert knowledge while incorporating knowledge management and social research methods. The proposed method's application and evaluation occur in a continuous manufacturing scenario, externalizing tacit knowledge about coping with manufacturing anomalies. A digital assistance system is designed and prototypically implemented to manage and reuse the externalized knowledge. The early involvement of shop-floor workers in the development phase of the prototype ensures usability and user acceptance of the assistance system. The assistance system is developed as a collaboration supporting artifact in the shop-floor's common information space. To observe the resulting productivity performance improvements in the manufacturing scenario, a KPI-based evaluation of the assistance system is presented. Finally, a discussion about the major contributions of this paper, namely the development of an approach for knowledge externalization and a human-centered design of an assistance system, takes place. To assess the novelty of these approaches, they are contrasted with the state of the art identified in the literature before a final summary of the results is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treating patients with up-to-date medical knowledge is an ongoing goal for healthcare workers and implies efficient knowledge management at the point of care. Widely available mobile wireless technologies influence practices but a significant gap remains between technological possibilities and actual usage. The purpose of this study was to analyze residents' baseline practices in managing medical knowledge and to evaluate the use and impact of an innovative multiplatform application dedicated to anesthesiology and intensive care residents. This study took place in Rennes Teaching Hospital and comprised two distinct surveys. First, in April 2018, all residents received a ten-items online survey focusing on managing medical knowledge. Then, through a second online survey constituted of ten items, we sought to assess the use of a new multiplatform cloud-based application named "DansMaBlouse", dedicated to sharing and indexing medical knowledge, in anesthesiology and intensive care residents. Among 148 residents that answered the evaluation survey, the most sought out pieces of information in clinical setting were a phone or fax number (74%), drugs' characteristics (68%) and expert guidelines (57%). The main sources were senior staff (68%), medical databases (60%) and an Internet search engine (59%). Computers and smartphones were more frequently used than bound paper notebooks. After implementation of the multiplatform application DansMaBlouse, fifty-nine (82%) of the 72 residents that answered the evaluation survey reported using the application and 39% used it more than ten times. Among application users, 90% found it easy to use and 92% agreed that it improved point-of-care access to knowledge. Accessing appropriate medical knowledge at the point of care remains an issue for residents and can be improved by a multiplatform application combining personal and shared up-to-date resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earlier software development processes (SDPs), such as waterfall processes, were mainly focused on process steps and did not address people- and product-related issues. Emergence of Software development methodologies (SDM) has created a new paradigm for developing software systems. A SDM is a special kind of technically engineered framework for organizing SDPs; this framework is expected to specify three main interwoven elements, namely people, products, and process. It has since become evident that it is impossible to provide a general-purpose SDM for developing all the various kinds of software systems, and it has thus become essential to construct the most appropriate methodology for the system development situation in hand, a practice commonly called Situational Method Engineering (SME). The problem with existing SME methods is lack of adequate attention to the role of people who might seek or possess valuable knowledge about the project situation. This knowledge can be tacit information that is hidden in the developer's mind, or it might be explicitly available. This paper proposes a knowledge management (KM)-driven and DevOps-based SME method as a new integrated multi-view methodological paradigm that satisfies the need for sharing human experience in engineering SDMs. The method has been proposed by reusing general SME practices and complementing them by embedding appropriate KM and DevOps practices to alleviate the weaknesses of previous SME methods. Furthermore, the proposed method has been evaluated through four case studies and also by conducting a criteria-based comparison with eight prominent SME methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities have increasingly been subjected to policy- and industry demands to produce multi- and interdisciplinary knowledge. This paper explores the extent to which different higher education policy instruments are used to promote interdisciplinarity in teaching and research at universities in the German higher education system comparing them across different federal states. Based on a manifest content analysis of higher education laws and performance agreements with universities in the 16 German states, we were able to distinguish between three types of states: Those a) with a general use of policy instruments aimed at all universities in a state, whereas considerable differences could be observed with regard to the degree of coercion (enabling versus prescriptive provisions) and scope (teaching or research), b) a directed use of policy instrument, targeting specific universities, and c) a hybrid use of policy instruments using both general and directed elements. This paper provides a novel mapping of the promotion of interdisciplinarity in German higher education policies through a variety of policy instruments and hereby contributes to the extant literature on interdisciplinarity in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a framework to understand the impact of scientific knowledge on the policy-making process, focusing on the conceptual impact. We note the continuing dissatisfaction with the quality and effects of science-policy interactions in both theory and practice. We critique the current literature's emphasis on the efforts of scientists to generate policy impact, because it neglects the role of 'user' policymaking organisations. The framework offered in the paper develops an argument about the essential role of institutional conditions of policy 'users' for scientific knowledge to achieve impact. The framework is informed by the reflexive institutionalist and the neo-institutionalist theoretical approaches. Its main contribution is in outlining the intra- and inter-organisational conditions of policymaking organisations, along with personal characteristics of individual policy officials that influence the likelihood of scientific knowledge to generate conceptual impact. We also offer an operationalisation of the framework. The wider relevance of the paper is in moving the focus from the activities of scientists and the incentive structure in scientific organisations to the policy user side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Industry-Academia Collaborations (IAC) both academic, scientific research results and industrial practitioner findings and experiences are produced. Both types of knowledge should be gathered, codified, and disseminated efficiently and effectively. This paper investigates a recent (2014–2017) large-scale IAC R&D&I program case (Need for Speed, N4S) from a learning perspective. It was one of the programs in the Finnish SHOK (Strategic Centres of Science, Technology, and Innovation) system. The theoretical bases are in innovation management, knowledge management, and higher education (university) pedagogy. In the future, IAC projects should be more and more commonplace since major innovations are hardly ever done in isolation, not even by the largest companies. Both intra-organizational and inter-organizational learning networks are increasingly critical success factors. Collaborative learning capabilities will thus be required more often from all the participating parties. Efficient and effective knowledge creation and sharing are underpinning future core competencies. In this paper, we present and evaluate a collaboratively created and publicly shared digital knowledge repository called "Treasure Chest" produced during our case program. The starting point was a jointly created Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA), which defined the main research themes and listed motivating research questions to begin with—i.e., intended learning outcomes (ILO). During the 4-year program, our collaborative industry-academia (I-A) learning process produced a range of theoretical and empirical results, which were iteratively collected and packaged into the Treasure Chest repository. Outstandingly, it contained, in addition to traditional research documents, narratives of the industrial learning experiences and more than 100 actionable knowledge items. In conclusion, our vision of the future is that such transparently shared, ambitious, and versatile outcome goals with a continuous integrative collection of the results are keys to effective networked I-A collaboration and learning. In that way, the N4S largely avoided the general problem of often conflicting motives between industrial firms seeking answers and applied solutions to their immediate practical problems and academic researchers aiming at more generalizable knowledge creation and high-quality scientific publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Michel De Certeau's scholars have rarely explored the pedagogical potential of the French thinker's thought. This paper aims at reconstructing the question of the teaching practice in De Certeau's works and, building on such reconstruction, it proposes a possible 'heterological' comprehension of teaching. Moving from an early writing dealing specifically with the teacher's identity, the paper shows how the famous dyad of strategies and tactics exposed in The practice of everyday life can be usefully applied to teaching and studying and helps further elaborate the question of teaching. From this analysis, the teacher will emerge as the owner of a strategic knowledge that, if he wants to teach, needs to be altered by the uncanny and tactical presence of the student. Teaching will finally be shown as the practice of alteration of knowledge operated by the other of such knowledge, namely, the student. In such alteration of knowledge lies the potential of a heterological comprehension of teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on healthcare operations and supply chain management has seen unprecedented growth over the past two decades. This paper seeks to advance the body of knowledge on this topic by utilising a topic modelling-based literature review to identify the core topics, examine their dynamic changes, and identify opportunities for further research in the area. Based on an analysis of 571 articles published until 25 January 2022, we identify numerous popular topics of research in the area, including patient waiting time, COVID-19 pandemic, Industry 4.0 technologies, sustainability, risk and resilience, climate change, circular economy, humanitarian logistics, behavioural operations, service-ecosystem, and knowledge management. We reviewed current literature around each topic and offered insights into what aspects of each topic have been studied and what are the recent developments and opportunities for more impactful future research. Doing so, this review help advance the contemporary scholarship on healthcare operations and supply chain management and offers resonant insights for researchers, research students, journal editors, and policymakers in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of eco-friendliness and sustainable development is crucial in various domains of our lives. This also affects the production of products and the provision of services. One of the first stages of a product’s life deserves special attention, i.e. the area of new product development, in which all its features and limitations are defined, which also results in the type of manufacturing process. Therefore, this paper aims to explore and propose the possibility of implementing mechanisms for evaluating the environmental performance of products and processes at that stage of product life using product life cycle management tools. One of the main assumptions was that the developed data model would facilitate sharing of experiences and knowledge with an open community of users. For this purpose, the concept of effective community knowledge management in new product development was developed. The proposed model of such a framework considers the significant participation of all actors and data sources, both internal and external, in creating and managing the knowledge base about green indicators and related objects. In the final step, we present the concept of effective management and sharing of knowledge by the community, creating the Green Product Lifecycle Management user community cloud to ensure the collected data’s highest quality (ranking) and quantity (gamification). The work described was conducted and implemented in the GreenPLM project, which aimed to extend the functionality of existing systems to enable the assessment of the environmental performance of new products and processes at various stages of their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research into technological problem solving has shown it to exist in a range of forms and draw upon different processes and knowledge types. This paper adds to this understanding by identifying procedural and epistemic differences in relation to task performance for pupils solving a well-defined technological problem. The study is theoretically grounded in a transformative epistemology of technology education. 50 pupils in small groups worked through a cantilever problem, the most and least successful solutions to which were identified using a Delphi technique. Time-interval photography, verbal interactions, observations and supplementary data formed a composite representation of activity which was analysed with successively less contrasting groups to isolate sustained differences. Analyses revealed key differences in three areas. First, more successful groups used better and more proactive process-management strategies including use of planning, role and task allocation with lower levels of group tension. Second, they made greater use of reflection in which knowledge associated with the technological solution was explicitly verblised. This was defined as 'analytical reflection' and reveals aspects of pupils' qualitative technical knowledge. Third, higher-performing groups exhibited greater levels of tacit-procedural knowledge within their solutions. There was also evidence that less successful groups were less affected by competition and not as comprehensive in translating prior conceptual learning into their tangible technological solutions. Overall findings suggest that proactive management, and making contextual and technical connections, are important for pupils solving well-defined technological problems. This understanding can be used to support classroom pedagogies that help pupils learn to problem solve more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the implications of adopting a critical realist approach to soft systems methodology (SSM) both to address local problematic situations and to develop deeper explanations. However, its potential as a means for developing generalizable knowledge for management science has been limited due at least in part to its adherence to strong interpretivism. After exploring the history of soft systems methodology and basic tenants of critical realism, the paper builds on previous discussions of ways in which SSM is compatible with a critical realist approach. Next, the consequences for such an approach are considered by examining a case in which SSM was integrated into a critical realist approach for discovery as means to guide large-scale reform in a non-profit organization. The case revealed that critical realism served as an effective guide both for incorporating existing knowledge as well as setting the stage for its possible modification. Opportunities and challenges in the approach are presented. Apart from the adoption of a realist ontology, a critical realist approach to SSM requires assuming a dual-role as an insider--outsider, which presents a number of challenges. However, it appears soft systems methodology are highly compatible and could serve to help bridge the practice--research gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organised crime groups' involvement in illicit markets is a common focus of law enforcement and governments. Drug, weapon, human and wildlife trafficking (and others) are all illegal activities with link to organised crime. This paper explores the overlooked illicit market of puppies. We detail the state of knowledge about the organisation of the UK puppy trade, which includes irresponsible and illegal breeding of puppies throughout Europe and their often-illegal movement into the UK. In 2017, we conducted an analysis of hundreds of online advertisements in Scotland, 12 expert interviews, a stakeholder survey of 53 participants, and 40 focus groups across Great Britain. Our data suggest an organised illicit market running in parallel to the legal trade. We speculate as to whether at some point along the supply chain organised crime groups are responsible for the suffering and death of the puppies and the economic and emotional damage to 'consumers'. Online monitoring and physical scrutiny at the ports must be improved to reduce non-human animal abuse. People buying puppies must also be made aware that their purchase could be profiting organised crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this paper is on the use-oriented Product Service System (PSS) adopted within the off-highway construction industry. A use-oriented PSS dictates that the product stays in the ownership of the provider and is made available in a different form to the customer (user), and is sometimes shared by a number of users. Extensive research has been carried out into PSS design and strategy, yet there is a research gap relating to the generation, analysis and management of such information and knowledge in a big data environment to support the implementation of a use-oriented PSS. This gap is a substantial barrier to the exploitation of use-oriented PSS research in the commercial world. A roadmap is presented that clarifies the data and structure requirements to enable OEMs to determine and validate their readiness level towards the adoption of a use-oriented PSS driven business model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an opinion paper to the perspective paper "The spread of the Fall Army Worm Spodoptera frugiperda in Africa—what should be done next?" from the "Section Plant Protection in the Tropics and Subtropics" at the 61st German Congress of Plant Protection, held at the University of Hohenheim, Germany, on 11 September 2018. It highlights the best approaches in communication, information sharing, and advisory services to raise awareness for fall armyworm detection and area-wide management by farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the collaborative practices and computational artifacts that welfare workers use in a public welfare agency. Specifically, the paper focuses on caseworkers’ knowledge practices related to assessing unemployed citizens and identifying ‘perfect’ pathways. I draw upon an ongoing ethnographic study, carried out in one of the largest municipal jobcentres in Denmark. Findings from this research point out that existing computational artifacts support compliance with welfare policy, while limited support is provided to caseworkers in helping citizens obtain an employment. The contribution of the paper is three-folded: 1) identifying fundamental characteristics of the caseworkers’ knowledge work entailed in assessing unemployed citizens and identifying appropriate pathways, 2) examining the conditions surrounding these knowledge practices, and 3) discussing implications for the design of computational artifacts that better support local knowledge practices. While maintaining support to policy compliance, I argue that computational artifacts can also support ‘data-driven knowledge’, meaning the creation of knowledge that is based on data collected from the wide range of cases of unemployed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing Product-Service Systems (PSS) is associated with multiple problems and challenges, usually derived from its multidisciplinarity and partially intangible nature. One particular issue is the high likelihood of ignoring the creation of relevant information regarding one or more PSS elements during the early design phases. Proceeding to later stages (e.g., detailed design) without generating the required information regarding all PSS elements and their relationships may lead to rework and lack of integration. Dealing with this problem requires adequate planning and evaluation of the artifacts (such as documents and models) created in the initial design phases. As a fundamental theoretical basis to support the creation of solutions that may help project managers dealing with this challenge, this paper presents a concept map to structure the concepts that compose artifacts resulting from the initial stages of PSS design and how those concepts interrelate. This concept map aims to structure which classes of information should be defined in the early phases of the design process before proceeding to a detailed design. The concept map was created by extracting concepts and relationships proposed in classifications, taxonomies, ontologies, meta-models, and concept maps in the PSS and servitization fields. Those documents were identified through a comprehensive systematic literature review. The resulting concept map was verified for completeness against formal documentation of two retrospective PSS design projects. The final proposed concept map is composed of 143 concepts interconnected through 278 relationships. In its current format, the concept map may be used as a checklist to support project managers in planning and evaluating early phases of PSS design based on information completeness. Researchers may also employ it to deploy ontologies, approach further knowledge and information-related challenges in PSS design, or structure PSS-related model-based systems engineering approaches. In future research, this concept map shall be deployed in a meta-model based on artifacts commonly used in PSS design, structuring a computational tool to allow and support practical application on planning and evaluating PSS design projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the phenomenon of KM within public organizations through the 'organizational knowing' perspective. It was conducted a systematic literature review by using two online databases: Scopus and WOS. A dataset of 123 publications was analysed through citation and co-citation analysis. Results have shown the existence of a network of the 42 most cited sources and 2 topic clusters. This paper contributes to the literature by presenting a comprehensive overview of KM within public sector organizations and leads to further reflections on the concept of organizational knowing as a central mechanism in the production and articulation of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data provenance focuses on the source of the data and on the identification of data sources and their transformations undergone over time. This paper proposes a generic method for collecting provenance data, and is a follow-up of a study carried out by the same authors in a Brazilian hemotherapy center. This method is based on the W3C's Provenance Data Model (PROV-DM), and proposes a way to capture, store and analyze anemia-index provenance data by applying a scientific workflow, together with the management of provenance of knowledge. This is an exploratory, practical and deductive study carried out with real data from 197,551 candidates for blood donors, extracted from reports ranging from 2000 to 2018 provided by a Brazilian hemotherapy center. People identified with high anemia rates were quantified and tagged as not-suitable for blood donations. The inadequate candidates were quantified with the highest rate of anemia, and out of 1011 male candidates and 4039 female candidates, women had the highest levels of inadequate blood donations. At the end of this study, it can be concluded that the generic method for collecting data provenance proposed here can be applied in several areas of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of some of the issues in knowledge management related to the sharing of knowledge in new product development. Previous research and concepts reported by international researchers and examples of the research projects carried out by the authors will be introduced. The paper first provides an overview of the history and importance of innovation and challenges in manufacturing. Then, the importance of new product development in the sustainable success of manufacturing enterprises in the globalised business operations is discussed. The formalisation and modelling of product development processes will also be introduced. The concept and different definitions of knowledge management by previous researchers are then introduced, with further discussion on knowledge sharing. At this point, the authors' research in knowledge sharing is also introduced. Finally, the trend of using social media and Enterprise 2 technologies in knowledge management and sharing is introduced using the recent research projects of the authors as examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithobionts (rock-dwelling organisms) have been recognized as agents of aesthetic and physico-chemical deterioration of stonework. In consequence, their removal from cultural heritage stone surfaces (CHSS) is widely considered a necessary step in conservation interventions. On the other hand, lithobiontic communities, including microbial biofilms ('biological patinas'), can help integrate CHSS with their environmental setting and enhance biodiversity. Moreover, in some cases bioprotective effects have been reported and even interpreted as potential biotechnological solutions for conservation. This paper reviews the plethora of traditional and innovative methodologies to characterize lithobionts on CHSS in terms of biodiversity, interaction with the stone substrate and impacts on durability. In order to develop the best management and conservation strategies for CHSS, such diagnosis should be acquired on a case-by-case basis, as generalized approaches are unlikely to be suitable for all lithobionts, lithologies, environmental and cultural contexts or types of stonework. Strategies to control biodeteriogenic lithobionts on CHSS should similarly be based on experimental evaluation of their efficacy, including long-term monitoring of the effects on bioreceptivity, and of their environmental safety. This review examines what is known about the efficacy of control methods based on traditional-commercial biocides, as well as those based on innovative application of substances of plant and microbial origin, and physical techniques. A framework for providing a balanced scientific assessment of the role of lithobionts on CHSS and integrating this knowledge into management and conservation decision-making is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses how academics perceive their group leaders' behaviour in managing the scientific activities of their research group and, particularly, how the leader's style (task- or relationship-oriented) enhances knowledge sharing, both directly and indirectly through its influence on conflict. An empirical research study was carried out by surveying 211 academics belonging to research groups in a Spanish university, using simultaneous equation models. The results provide evidence that both leadership styles have a positive and significant direct influence on knowledge sharing, as well as an indirect effect by reducing the negative influence of task and relationship conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open Data (OD) is data available in a machine-readable format and without restrictions on the permissions for using or distributing it. OD may include textual artifacts, images, maps, video content, and other. The data can be published and maintained by different entities, both public and private. Despite its power to distribute knowledge freely and availability of a large number of datasets, OD initiatives face important challenges related to its widespread take up. More specifically, OD provisioning is based on a unidirectional linking from OD providers to OD users without considering requirements and preferences of the users. The OD users also lack metadata, and they need to develop specific technical solutions for providing a continuous OD flow and processing, which is particularly difficult when real-time OD are to be used. In this paper, we propose solving these challenges by envisioning a business ecosystem for OD. It is network-based, federated, and supports interplay between OD provisioning and knowledge management. As a methodological solution, we have applied the capability-driven development approach, which allows modeling of OD processing ecosystems, facilitates knowledge exchange about OD usage among members of the ecosystem, and supports configuring information systems for OD processing. The proposal is explicated with a theoretical study of its usability for the service of road maintenance in varying conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increased interest in deploying big data technology in the healthcare industry to manage massive collections of heterogeneous health datasets such as electronic health records and sensor data, which are increasing in volume and variety due to the commoditization of digital devices such as mobile phones and wireless sensors. The modern healthcare system requires an overhaul of traditional healthcare software/hardware paradigms, which are ill-equipped to cope with the volume and diversity of the modern health data and must be augmented with new "big data" computing and analysis capabilities. For researchers, there is an opportunity in healthcare data analytics to study this vast amount of data, find patterns and trends within data and provide a solution for improving healthcare, thereby reducing costs, democratizing health access, and saving valuable human lives. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of different big data analytics integrated healthcare systems and describe the various applicable healthcare data analytics algorithms, techniques, and tools that may be deployed in wireless, cloud, Internet of Things settings. Finally, the contribution is given in formation of a convergence point of all these platforms in form of SmartHealth that could result in contributing to unified standard learning healthcare system for future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coast of Brittany hosts one of the largest seaweed forests in Europe, collected for several centuries, but today subject to climatic change. By an ethnoecological survey, this paper investigates the seaweed collectors' perception of the changes and hazards that affect their resources. We explored how hazards change their practices and adaptive capacity through strategy and ecological knowledge. Their knowledge evolved rapidly due to their interaction with the natural environment and exchange with scientists, generating new types of knowledge and management practices better adapted to expected future biodiversity change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a unified knowledge management requirements engineering methodology (KM-REM) for tackling the complex nature of knowledge-intensive organizations. Despite the importance of KM for the success of knowledge-intensive organizations, the concept of RE for KM solutions is still vague lacking. Its definitions and guidelines for addressing the different facets of KM during the RE process are yet to be well-defined, encompassing social and technical aspects thereof. Applying the design science research paradigm by using a method engineering methodology, the KM-REM method was developed and implemented in a case study involving a global IT provider firm. This allowed for a comprehensive analysis and requirements specification for a KM solution, which was validated based on expert (managers) evaluation. KM-REM provides comprehensive, practical guidance and tools for KM analysts and RE professionals, for conducting KM-oriented RE, toward enhancing knowledge-intensive business processes with embedded KM solutions. Moreover, KM-REM facilitates tractability in the RE process, by focusing on manageable KM requirements. Thus, the contribution of KM-REM is threefold. First, it extends the research on RE for KM solutions as a specialized area within the RE discipline. Second, it cohesively organizes the RE dimensions and modeling principles for KM, providing customized guidelines and tools. Third, it demonstrates how the perspectives of traditional RE methods can be extended to include social and cultural aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (fuzzy DEMATEL) has been used to solve various multi-criteria group decision-making problems where triangular type-1 fuzzy sets are utilized in defining decision makers' linguistic evaluation. Most of the fuzzy DEMATEL modifications are built from linguistic variables based on type-1 fuzzy sets (T1FS). Previous literature suggests that interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FS) can offer an alternative that can handle vagueness and uncertainty. This paper proposes a modification fuzzy DEMATEL characterized by IT2FS for linguistic variables. Differently from the typical fuzzy DEMATEL which directly utilizes triangular type-1 fuzzy numbers, this modification introduces trapezoidal IT2 fuzzy numbers to enhance evaluation in the group decision-making environment. This new modification includes linguistic variables expressed by IT2FS and an expected value method for normalizing upper and lower memberships of IT2FS to crisp numbers. The proposed modification is applied to a case of knowledge management (KM) where eleven criteria are considered. Three experts in KM were invited to provide linguistic judgments with respect to the criteria, and the eight-step computational procedure of the proposed modification was implemented without losing the originality of the DEMATEL method. The results unveiled that 'trust' is the most influential criteria in KM. Therefore, trust is a phenomenon that impacts on the success of KM. Comparable results are also presented to check the feasibility of the proposed method. It is shown that the criteria weight and the causal relationship of criteria using the proposed method are consistent with the other two methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the growing problem of retractions in the scientific literature of publications that contain bad data (i.e., fabricated, falsified, or containing error), also called 'false science.' While the problem is particularly acute in the biomedical literature because of the life-threatening implications when treatment recommendations and decisions are based on false science, it is relevant for any knowledge domain, including the social sciences, law, and education. Yet current practices for handling retractions are seen as inadequate. We use the metaphor of a virus to illustrate how such studies can spread and contaminate the knowledge system, when they continue to be treated as valid. We suggest drawing from public health models designed to prevent the spread of biological viruses and compare the strengths and weaknesses of the current governance model of professional self-regulation with a proposed public health governance model. The paper concludes by considering the value of adding a triple-helix model that brings industry into the university-state governance mechanisms and incorporates bibliometric capabilities needed for a holistic treatment of the retraction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports experiences from an art-science project set up in an educational context as well as in the tradition of placing artists in labs. It documents artists' and scientists' imaginations of their encounter and analyses them drawing on the concepts of 'boundary object' and 'boundary work'. Conceptually, the paper argues to broaden the idea of boundary objects to include inhibitory boundary objects that hinder rather than facilitate communication across boundaries. This focus on failures to link social worlds brings the boundary object concept closer to Gieryn's boundary work and allows for a co-application of the two concepts in the analysis of cross-boundary communication. Empirically, the paper provides an in-depth ethnographic description of an art-science project as a resource for future practice. In conclusion, the art-science encounter included meeting points as well as multiple levels of boundary work which engaged the artists in a different way than as illustrators of scientific representations of climate change. The closer they got to the research practice the more the public and policy construct of climate change disappeared. Rather than political activism, the approach triggered explorations of the scientific context, including affirmative as well as critical re-imaginations of research practices. Artists and scientists acted as publics for one another, as resources to draw on for reflection and self-identification. But instead of cutting back or renegotiating standards of one's own practice, especially the artists engaged in boundary work creating space to produce a piece of art according to their own criteria of quality and relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Companies use social media to communicate customers has been increasing recently. By analyzing the content generated by users online, companies obtain the information about market and use in product management and innovation, improving the competitiveness of enterprises. As the emerging of growing user-generated content (UGC), how to achieve effective information extraction and transform into product knowledge has posed a challenge to the enterprise. In the context of smart phone product innovation, with data fetched from websites and provided by the enterprise, by using natural language processing and semantic Web tools, this paper proposes an integrated method of innovation knowledge management based on UGC, which provide a systematic solution for the interactive innovation knowledge management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coming from Hubert Dreyfus' recent book "Retrieving Realism" (together with Charles Taylor), the paper presents embodied pre-conceptual perception and representational cognition as two contrasting perspectives on accessing the world. It further characterises the 'different forms of knowledge emerging from these perspectives and how they dynamically relate to each other. Taking up the Peircean theory of signs and abductive reasoning as methods of discovery, computers are analysed as semiotic machines that formally model and objectify explicit knowledge about social practices and that can be embedded in the sign processes of thereby restructured practices. This practice theoretical perspective allows for both, understanding the limits of AI and pointing to options for productively combining the performance of "cognitive artifacts" with the tacit skills of knowledge workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays knowledge management has received a considerable attention from both academics and industrial sectors, and expert knowledge is recognized as the most important resource of enterprises, particularly in the knowledge-intensive organizations. Dealing with knowledge creation, transfer, and utilization is increasingly critical for the long-term sustainable competitive advantage and success of any organization. Thus, a lot of efforts have been required from companies and researchers in developing and supporting knowledge management in different organizations. In industrial sectors as the highly competitive environment, capturing and disseminating of tacit knowledge are significant to an organization's success with the development of knowledge-based systems. Safety and reliability analysis is an important issue to prevent an event which may be the occurrence of catastrophic accident in process industries. In this context, conventional safety and reliability assessment techniques like fault tree analysis have been widely used in this regard; however, in practical knowledge acquisition process, domain experts tend to express their judgments using multi-granularity linguistic term sets, and there usually exists uncertain and incomplete information since expert knowledge is experience-based and tacit. In addition, although the technical capabilities of expert systems based on fuzzy set theory are expanding, they still fall short of meeting the increasingly complex knowledge demands and still suffer in subjective uncertainty processing and dynamic structure representation which are important in risk assessment procedure. In this paper, a new framework based on 2-tuple intuitionistic fuzzy numbers, Pythagorean fuzzy sets, and Bayesian network mechanism is proposed to evaluate system reliability, to deal with mentioned drawbacks, and to recognize the most critical system components which affect the system reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of companies using social media to interact with users has been increasing. By analyzing the content generated by users online and mining the information contained therein, companies have applied them to product management and innovation, improving the competitiveness of enterprises. In the face of growing user-generated content, how to achieve effective information mining and transform into product knowledge has posed a challenge to the enterprise. In the background of smart phone products, this paper puts forward the integrated method and key technology of innovation knowledge management based on user-generated content, which should be able to provide a systematic solution for the interactive innovation knowledge management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of the Internet, we have entered into the information age, which makes it possible and easier to obtain a large number of representatives data. On the other hand, with the rapid improvement of computer hardware, and software especially the computers speed, and the ability of the computer has been greatly improved. Data-driven and algorithm applications of modern artificial intelligence models have been widely used in various fields. Solving problems through machine learning has become a way of thinking that all industries are willing to study to reduce labor costs and improve processing efficiency. Beijing Formax Co., Ltd. takes advantage of its own data processing jobs to apply machine learning technology to some projects, and has achieved good results. This paper focuses on the application of artificial intelligence and Beijing Formax's knowledge service for the publishing industry in the era of big data including several typical cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By applying systems thinking theory to capabilities literature, this paper examines the factors that support the development of dynamic capabilities towards sustainable management. For such, we conducted an in-depth single case study using Soft System Methodology (SSM) in an energy organisation from an emerging economy. Our analysis of the last twenty years of operation revealed that the organisation has developed new ways to change and adapt in a disturbing environment by integrating sustainability into three factors: (1) integrative strategy (green products, biodiversity, organic processes and self-sufficient electricity), (2) sustainable culture (sustainable mindset, environmental awareness, learning orientation and decision-making processes) and (3) organisational routines for innovation (new green processes and products, partnerships/alliances and knowledge management). Our results extend the literature by raising a conceptual framework of the fundamental dimensions of dynamic capabilities for sustainability. This is the first study that connects systems thinking and dynamic capabilities theories applied to sustainable management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge reduction is one of the key issues in formal concept analysis, and there have been many studies on this topic. Granule knowledge reduction and attribute reduction are two of the most important knowledge reduction in formal concept analysis. Firstly, theorem to character granule knowledge reduction is given, and granule knowledge reduction method in concept lattices based on 0-1 linear integer programming is proposed in this paper. Then, characterization theorems of three types attributes are obtained in attribute reduction, and attribute reduction method in concept lattices based on 0-1 linear integer programming is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve efficient development of high-quality product, manufacturing constraints must be fully taken into account at the early design stage. However, designers lack in-depth knowledge of manufacturing and production. Many time-consuming iterations of design changes are required between designers and manufacturing engineers. In order to minimize this knowledge gap, this paper presents an ontology-based product design framework for manufacturability verification and knowledge reuse to support the sharing and reuse of design and manufacturing knowledge. It aims at providing advices and feedback of restraints of manufacturing processes to the designers during the design process. The proposed framework consists of three major layers which include a foundation layer, a domain layer, and an instance layer. We use the Web Ontology Language (OWL), a standard of ontology representation language, to formalize the foundation layer. It contains the core product model and the standard ISO 10303 AP224 application protocol. The domain layer comprises extensional concepts and relationships for design and manufacturing integration and a rule base for manufacturability verification, which is represented in Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL). In the instance layer, an inference engine is developed based on ontology and rule inference. It provides recommendations of manufacturability. Two case studies are provided as application examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of naturalistic decision making, the data-frame model (DFM) has proven to be a popular and useful way of thinking about sensemaking. DFM provides a parsimonious account of how ‘sensemakers’ interact with the data in their environment to make sense of what is happening. In this paper, however, we argue that it is useful to elaborate DFM in several ways. We begin by arguing for the idea of sensemaking as a quest for coherence, an idea that we see as consistent with the DFM. We then present some examples of sensemaking studies and use these to motivate a ‘distributed resources’ model of sensemaking. This model uses the notion of resources for action, as resources that can be flexibly drawn upon in both choosing courses of action and accounting for the actions of oneself and of others (as opposed to prescriptions or mechanisms that determine behaviour in any strict way). The model describes resources involved in sensemaking in terms of three domains: knowledge and beliefs, values and goals, and action. Knowledge and beliefs are concerned with how things are, values and goals are concerned with how things are desired to be and action provides the means for redressing the gap. Central to the model is the idea that these resources can be distributed across a cognitive work system including actors and representational media. Hence, the model aims to provide a framework for analysing sensemaking as distributed cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When scientists are searching for information, they generally have a precise objective in mind. Instead of looking for documents “about a topic T”, they try to answer specific questions such as finding the definition of a concept, finding results for a particular problem, checking whether an idea has already been tested, or comparing the scientific conclusions of two articles. Answering these precise or complex queries on a corpus of scientific documents requires precise modelling of the full content of the documents. In particular, each document element must be characterised by its discourse type (hypothesis, definition, result, method, etc.). In this paper, we present a scientific document model (SciAnnotDoc ontology), developed from an empirical study conducted with scientists, that models the discourse types. We developed an automated process that analyses documents effectively identifying the discourse types of each element. Using syntactic rules (patterns), we evaluated the process output in terms of precision and recall using a previously annotated corpus in Gender Studies. We chose to annotate documents in Humanities, as these documents are well known to be less formalised than those in “hard science”. The process output has been used to create a SciAnnotDoc representation of the corpus on top of which we built a faceted search interface. Experiments with users show that searches using with this interface clearly outperform standard keyword searches for precise or complex queries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the current situation of the enterprise informatization, a large number of legacy systems (databases, programs, etc.) need to be integrated, different application systems (PDM, ERP, SCM, CRM, etc.) need to interact, and enterprise business needs close collaboration. This paper build an architecture to integrate heterogeneous systems for enterprise business collaboration. It proposed product ontology model, software component ontology model and business process ontology model for heterogeneous system integration, to solve the problem of product knowledge heterogeneous, software components heterogeneous, and business process heterogeneous in collaborative business processes. Based on this, a prototype of platform is given. The research of this paper is of important theoretical significance and provides a new architecture and implementation method for the integration of heterogeneous systems based on business collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of ontologies in knowledge management has become very well accepted in many approaches for instance database, semantics, agent, natural language processing, etc. Artificial intelligent researchers have originally applied the word 'ontology' from Philosophy fields which means 'being existence', then the word spread in many scientific domain and ontologies are now used in several developments. The purpose of this research is to present the simple methodologies and methods used to build/adapt/integrate ontologies from the system requirement or by reusing and re-engineering other ontologies; also a process of merging approach will be addressed. The normal ontology engineering will not be suitable for non-expert user; and there are some tools for helping the user to accomplish the ontology engineering task, however, it is not that simple. This paper mentioned the observation and figure out the practical methodology for non-expert user to learn and create simple ontology with little background of them. This paper mentioned the ontology and ontology engineering revisits. Also the main section in this paper mentioned the scenario walkthrough about reality of how non-expert user creates the simple ontology by using suggested and existing methodologies. The last section is recommendation and suggestion from the research experimental which explain the proper ontology developing methodology for non-expert user. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective knowledge-centric approach requires that tacit and explicit knowledge are mobilised, integrated, and made available to support collaboration between team members. Most knowledge management (KM) frameworks lay an emphasis on managing explicit knowledge by focussing on the processes of capture, storage, retrieval, transfer and application. Tacit knowledge, on the other hand, needs the key mechanisms of interaction and feedback for effective sharing and use. The paper presents a model validated during a case study conducted at one of the world's leading software organisations. The model addresses the need to make both tacit and explicit knowledge available and accessible for effective decision-making and sustainable development, and improved environmental impact. It makes use of the mechanisms of interaction and feedback to facilitate the flow and availability of tacit knowledge within organisational practices and routines. The paper establishes that knowledge flows between functional areas and supports tasks and activities of an organisation's development effort. The findings have longer-term implications regarding organisations' ability to manage context, provide feedback and facilitate interaction, and therefore build upon their existing knowledge resources to improve decision-making and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, a wide variety of studies have applied soft systems methodology (SSM) to address the complexities of the messy situations. This paper seeks to identify 1) application areas and 2) application levels of the use of SSM in dealing with problematical situations. To do so, 149 articles published between 2000 and 2015 were studied. The findings revealed the application of SSM in new application areas such as sustainable development, knowledge management and project management. The results of this study also indicated that researchers applied SSM at three levels: SSM as a process of inquiry, SSM as an action-oriented methodology, and the hybrid use of SSM. Based on the findings, SSM at the level of a single methodology for bringing out changes has been less welcomed by researchers, but the application levels of inquiry processes and hybrid approaches have been more utilized. This suggests that in the correspondence of SSM with the nature or situation of problems, a sort of incommensurability is witnessed. Factors arising from the nature of the problem, inadequate mastery of the researcher over SSM or the limitations of SSM can exert an influence on this incommensurability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semantic similarity and relatedness measures have increasingly become core elements in the recent research within the semantic technology community. Nowadays, the search for efficient meaning-centered applications that exploit computational semantics has become a necessity. Researchers, have therefore, become increasingly interested in the development of a model that can simulate the human thinking process and capable of measuring semantic similarity/relatedness between lexical terms, including concepts and words. Knowledge resources are fundamental to quantify semantic similarity or relatedness and achieve the best expression for the semantics content. No fully developed system that is able to centralize these approaches is currently available for the research and industrial communities. In this paper, we propose a System for Integrating Semantic Relatedness and similarity measures, SISR, which aims to provide a variety of tools for computing the semantic similarity and relatedness. This system is the first to treat the topic of computing semantic relatedness with a view of integrating different key stakeholders in a parameterized way. As an instance of the proposed architecture, we propose WNetSS which is a Java API allowing the use of a wide WordNet-based semantic similarity measures pertaining to different categories including taxonomic-based, features-based and IC-based measures. It is the first API that allows the extraction of the topological parameters from the WordNet “is a” taxonomy which are used to express the semantics of concepts. Moreover, an evaluation module is proposed to assess the reproducibility of the measures accuracy that can be evaluated according to 10 widely used benchmarks through the correlations coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates the development of ontology for satellite databases. First, I create a computational ontology for the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) Satellite Database (UCSSD for short), called the UCS Satellite Ontology (or UCSSO). Second, in developing UCSSO I show that The Space Situational Awareness Ontology (SSAO) (Rovetto & Kelso 2016)--an existing space domain reference ontology--and related ontology work by the author (Rovetto 2015, 2016) can be used either (i) with a database-specific local ontology such as UCSSO, or (ii) in its stead. In case (i), local ontologies such as UCSSO can reuse SSAO terms, perform term mappings, or extend it. In case (ii), the author's orbital space ontology work, such as the SSAO, is usable by the UCSSD and organizations with other space object catalogs, as a reference ontology suite providing a common semantically-rich domain model. The SSAO, UCSSO, and the broader Orbital Space Environment Domain Ontology project is online at and GitHub. This ontology effort aims, in part, to provide accurate formal representations of the domain for various applications. Ontology engineering has the potential to facilitate the sharing and integration of satellite data from federated databases and sensors for safer spaceflight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]