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We find explicit expressions for optimal recovery methods in the problem of recovering the values of continuous linear operators on a Sobolev function class from the following information: The Fourier transform of functions is known approximately on some measurable subset of the finite-dimensional space on which the functions are defined. As corollaries, we obtain optimal methods for recovering the solution to the heat equation and solving the Dirichlet problem for a half-space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We find a family of optimal methods for recovering the solution to the Dirichlet problem in the upper half-plane on a line parallel to the -axis from an approximate measurement of this solution on another line under the condition that the boundary function lies in a certain Sobolev space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial activity in engineering clay materials of protective barriers has been studied under conditions simulating the Yeniseiskii deep underground radioactive waste repository (Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Kray). It was established that clays with a high content of sulfur, iron, and organic carbon, as well as clays containing bioavailable mineral phases (calcites, spars, and others) can be a source of microbial gas, including methane, and also of products (for instance, hydrogen sulfide) that can corrode steels in contact with clay materials. The microbial processes in clays that are rich in biogenic elements and minerals lead with a high intensity to the dissolution of the aluminosilicate structural lattices. To prevent the microbial exposure, various biocidal additives were used: Amanat, Rancid, boric acid and polyhexamethylguanidine (PHMG). The effect of these preparations at various temperatures was analyzed. It was found that PHMG was the most effective among the tested preparations in a wide temperature range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical processes occurring in the atmosphere, when weak ionization channels are formed by laser radiation, are discussed. An electromagnetic energy transmission scheme is proposed and the parameters necessary for its technical implementation are calculated. A variant of the electromagnetic energy transmission using a 'plasma mirror' in the atmosphere is considered. The laser pulse frequencies, durations, and energies, at which a weak ionization channel is formed in the atmosphere and ionosphere, are estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operation of a noise-resistant modem for wireless remote communication with deep-sea vehicles based on ELF radio signals with quadrature intrapulse phase modulation (QIPPM) is described. In QIPPM, the signal quadratures are manipulated by mutually orthogonal binary sequences. This allows noise-resistant transmission of different code combinations, which are control and communication commands, during one radio pulse. It is shown that the QIPPM technique for transmitting control commands gives an energy gain of about 3 dB over the phase-shift keying technique for information transmission. Therefore, the maximal transmission depth of control commands to underwater objects doubles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first description/overview of the freshwater copepod fauna of the order Harpacticoida from the Lena River delta is presented. Various habitats and regions were studied. As a result, we identified 18 species belonging to two families: Canthocamptidae and Harpacticidae. Eight of the identified species are new to the study area; five species belonging to the genera Bryocamptus, Canthocamptus, Moraria, and Maraenobiotus, presumably represent new species for science. We provide brief ecological descriptions of the species identified in the Lena River delta and analyze their differences from the typical populations. The harpacticoid fauna of the Lena delta consists of three main components including Palaearctic species, Holarctic species, and species with "Beringian" distribution patterns. We provide a morphological description of Bryocamptus umiatensis Wilson 1958. This species is quite similar to Bryocamptus jejuensis Lee and Chang 2016, recently described from Korea. The main character distinguishing these species is the ornamentation of the anal operculum. This character in our region reveals considerable interpopulation variations. We also provide an identification key to the freshwater Canthocamptidae of the Lena delta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea are remote areas of the Arctic region where detailed data on phytoplankton composition and spatial distribution remain limited. In the context of the ongoing environmental changes (increasing warming and ice melting) and prospective exploration activities (oil and gas production) on the Arctic shelves, understanding of the seasonal and interannual phytoplankton community dynamics is of critical importance. Our study provides new specifying data on species composition of phytoplankton over the vast area of the Laptev Sea shelf and the East Siberian Sea shelf. We found that the outer shelf of the Laptev and East Siberian seas was characterized by typical late spring diatom species (Chaetoceros furcellatus, Chaetoceros diadema, Chaetoceros debilis, Chaetoceros constrictus). On the inner shelf of the Laptev Sea, which is strongly affected by the Lena River water masses, the phytoplankton were characterized by the transition from the summer to an autumn stage of development. Local algal assemblages were composed by mixo- and heterotrophic dinoflagellates (Dinophysis and Protoperidinium genera) together with marine and brackish water-marine diatoms (Thalassiosira hyperborea, Thalassiosira baltica, Thalassiosira gravida, Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii) accompanied by sporadically occurring freshwater riverine planktonic diatom species (Aulacoseira granulata, Aulacoseira italica, Asterionella formosa). These variations in species composition over the Laptev Sea shelf were attributed to differences in the hydrography, marine chemical conditions, and the sea-ice regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decomposition processes in larch forests, which occupy a significant part of the boreal zone and are most frequently affected by devastating ground fires, are poorly researched. In the course of a long-term (850 days) field experiment, the decomposition of litter types typical for boreal larch forests of the Russian Far East (needles, leaves, branches, and grass) was monitored in larch stands, both natural ones and those disturbed by fire. The following litter parameters were measured: mass loss, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics, respiration, and environmental conditions (temperature and humidity). It is established that, 15 years after a long-lasting ground fire, the inflow of C and N with ground litter has decreased 2.2 times in comparison with the prefire level. At this stage of post-fire succession, the share of tree litter is lower, while the share of low-lignin grass litter is higher in comparison with the control. No differences in mass loss rates were identified between the studied stands for leaves, grass, and branches. However, at the end of the experiment (day 850, p = 0.0035), needles were decomposing more slowly in the burned larch forest than in the control. A lower CO2 emission intensity featured by the needle litter in the postfire forest (p = 0.0207) in comparison with the control and a lower nitrogen content in decomposing needles at later stages of the experiment (p = 0.0234) indicate that the post-fire factor inhibits microbiological activities. A decrease in the total N inflow with litter in the post-fire stand, combined with a lower needle decomposition rate, results in a slower release of nitrogen and its availability to plants and microorganisms, which may affect the restoration of boreal larch forest ecosystems damaged by fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designs of the known mixing devices are reviewed, and their geometric characteristics are given. The merits and demerits of the existing designs are analyzed. The possible areas of improvement of packed-type mixing device designs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A family of linear optimal methods for reconstructing the solution of the Dirichlet problem on a hyperplane from information about its approximate measurements on a finite number of other hyperplanes is constructed. In this case, optimal methods do not use all the available information, but only information about the measurements of the solution on at most two planes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular genetic analysis of the rabies virus strain Moscow 3253 genome adapted to Vero cells. The isolated cDNA was specifically enriched with the nucleotide sequence of the target virus genome using amplification. Whole genome sequencing was performed on the Ion PGM platform and additionally using the AB 3500xl genetic analyzer. Alignment and assembly of sequences into a complete genome and further analysis were performed using DNASTAR Lasergene 11.2 and MEGA 7. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using 479 rabies virus genomes represented in the NCBI GenBank database. The dendrogram was constructed using the BioNumerics 7.6 software package. The genome of the rabies virus Moscow 3253 (Vero) has been deposited into NCBI GenBank (accession MF630920). The genome of the rabies virus Moscow 3253 (Vero), as compared to its original variant, has 1069 single mutations. Its phylogenetic closeness to various vaccine variants of the rabies virus genome represented in the NBCI GenBank database, which are also adapted to the Vero or BHK cell culture, has been established. A strong influence of the Vero cell culture as a reproduction medium for the rabies virus Moscow 3253 (Vero) on the acquisition of a large number of single mutations by its genome has been revealed. As has been stated in a previously published work, the physicochemical and biological properties of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) obtained by the technology using the rabies virus strain Moscow 3253 (Vero) meet the requirements of the regulatory documentation for RIG. Thus, the use of the rabies virus adapted to the Vero cells for the production of a rabies vaccine is promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical conductivity in a laser beam channel has been investigated. Oscillations of the conductivity caused by the oscillation motion of electrons in laser-induced breakdown plasma are established in an external electric field. An expression for estimation of charged particle concentration has been obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results are presented of the experimental study of electric and magnetic fields generated during pulsed laser radiation propagation along atmospheric paths in breakdown and prebreakdown modes. Generation of quasi-periodic electric and magnetic fields with a frequency of 105–106 Hz and duration of 10–100 μs during propagation of microsecond CO2 laser pulses through the atmosphere in these modes is ascertained. The maximum values of the induced electric and magnetic fields are observed when the number of breakdown centers per unit path length Nc = 0.17 m−1. The connection of electric and magnetic fields generated around the ionization channel with the atmospheric parameters is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the creation of long ionized channels in atmospheric aerosol based on the combustion and detonation processes. The literature review is performed in this field. Special attention is given to the different laser-induced threshold phenomena affecting gas-dispersion systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the propagation of the powerful laser beam in gas-dispersion systems and atmospheric aerosol background, which is accompanied by a wide spectrum of thermal, acoustic-and-hydrodynamic and ionization processes arising both in the vicinity of particles and at the beam level. The analysis is performed for the main interaction mechanisms of the high-energy laser beam and gas-dispersion systems, including those containing metals. A state-transition diagram is constructed to evaluate physical processes observed in the laser channel propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specific binding of the sigma-1 receptor (Sigma1R) ligand [3H]-(+)-pentazocine was determined in the P2 and P3 fractions of brain homogenates from inbred BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice after emotional stress in the open-field (OF) test and outbred CD-1 mice after administration of the anxiolytic afobazole. Exposure in the OF test increased specific binding of [3H]-(+)-pentazocine to the P3 fraction of BALB/c mice brain homogenates as characterized by catatonia in the OF test and did not affect ligand binding in C57BL/6 mice with active behavior in the OF test. Afobazole at a dose of 5 mg/kg increased specific binding of [3H]-(+)-pentazocine to the P2 fraction of outbred CD-1 mice brain homogenates. The results indicated that Sigma1R was involved in the formation mechanism of emotional stress responses and in afobazole pharmacodynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of studying different populations of crustaceans of the genus Eurytemora Giesbrecht from the inland water bodies of the basins of the White Sea, the Pechora Sea, the Lena River delta, and Pacific coast of the United States, the species Eurytemora gracilicauda Akatova 1949 has been found along the entire northern border of the Russian Eurasia, while North American E. americana Williams 1906 has not been registered within these limits. Clear morphological and molecular genetic differences between E. gracilicauda and E. americana are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swelling of amorphous/crystalline polymers is a complex phenomenon, accompanied by a change in the internal energy of the polymer, the absorbate, and the solid solution, and also by transition of the polymer from the glassy state to the rubbery (high elasticity) state. The derivative of the internal energy (a thermodynamic characteristic of the solid solution) is the internal pressure. The excess internal pressure is the basic characteristic of the swelling process: the swelling pressure. We have analyzed the behavior of the change in swelling pressure, the common features and differences from swelling of gels and from osmotic phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model of the chemical interaction of Si with the (HF2)- ion was propsoed to explain some experimental data on the formation of porous silicon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change in the photoluminescence peaks of porous silicon at λ = 640-670 and 540-560 nm at 300 and 77 K, as well as their behavior after low-temperature annealing of the samples at 500°С, has been studied. The change in these peaks correlated with that in the IR spectra. The peak at 640-670 nm has been explained by the existence Si-OH groups on the porous silicon layers and the peak at 540-560 nm, by the photoluminescence of the silicon matrix per se. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The invertebrate fauna of the Laptev Sea is one of the least investigated in the Arctic. In particular, little is known about the Harpacticoida (Copepoda, Crustacea)—one of the main components of marine meiofauna. Major objectives of our study were (1) to describe harpacticoid composition obtained from three sublittoral stations, (2) to compile the check-list of the Laptev Sea harpacticoids, and (3) to perform a comparative analysis of the Laptev Sea harpacticoid fauna with faunas of other Arctic seas. Of 38 species found in our material, 25 are new for the sea, and four species are likely new to science. A total list for the Laptev Sea includes 76 species from 18 families. Interstitial and phytal forms are poorly represented, due to the rarity of suitable biotopes and/or undersampling. The majority of the provisional endemics were found in the bathyal and abyssal zones of the sea, while widely distributed species, except for the plankton, belong to the fauna of the soft sediments of the littoral zone. Comparative analysis of harpacticoids from the Arctic region (the Laptev, White, Barents, Kara, East Siberian and Beaufort Seas and the Greenland area) shows the considerable distinction between the Eastern (Siberian) and Western sub-regions. Further investigations are necessary to reveal a more detailed pattern in Harpacticoida distribution and to evaluate possible vectors of dispersal and biogeographic relationships in the high Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is established that the crystallographic orientation of a single-crystal silicon substrate affects the nucleation, shape, and evolution of silicon pores during its electrochemical etching. The shape, spatial orientation, and initiation of silicon pores is demonstrated to depend on both the etchant-solution properties caused by an etching-ion structure and the Si lattice symmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of regulatory proteins involved in adaptation to hypoxia and ischemia was studied in brain rat homogenate under conditions of normoxia and after bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries. Preconditioning with amtizole in combination with moderate hypoxia increased the levels of HIF-1α, erythropoietin, vascular endothelial growth factor under conditions of normoxia. During experimental ischemia, combined preconditioning led to stabilization of the content of these regulatory proteins at the level of intact control and to a decrease in glycogen synthase-3β kinase activity. This pattern of changes in regulatory proteins was noted during the early and late periods of preconditioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present new and more complete information than previously available on the pelagic fauna of the Lena River Delta, eastern Siberia. Zooplankton samples collected between 2000 and 2011 from 11 varied aquatic habitats on Samoylov Island have been examined and clear differences noted between the zooplankton communities in different types of tundra waterbody. Well-marked synchronism in the development of common species populations was, however, revealed by analysis of their life cycles. The pelagic fauna of the investigated aquatic ecosystems is heterogeneous in origin, consisting mainly of aboriginal Arctic species but also including invasive species from more temperate latitudes and relicts of ice-age fauna. One hundred and twenty-five zooplankton taxa belonging to Rotifera (67) and Arthropoda (58) phyla were identified. Five Copepoda species and seven Cladocera species were recorded for the first time in the Lena River Delta; the presence of most of these species in the delta's aquatic ecosystems is associated with Lena River water influx during spring flood. Two calanoid copepods, Eurytemora arctica Wilson and Tash and Eurytemora foveola Johnson, are new species to Palearctic pelagic fauna, previously known only from the Nearctic. The data obtained provide new confirmation that the last glaciation had a marked influence on microcrustacean distributions within the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Features of the formation of porous silicon layers during anodic etching of p-Si were considered. A fundamental difference between the mechanisms of the formation of nanostructured layers on p-and n-Si was shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variations in the contours of pores produced in n-type silicon by electrochemical etching in hydrofluoric acid solutions are interpreted in terms of the mechanism underlying the chemical interaction of the etchant with silicon and the anisotropy of the etchant-silicon system. Mathematical expressions are proposed which describe the contours and limiting radial sizes of pores forming at the very beginning of the etching process (~10-15 s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the type of Si conductivity on the initiation and formation of pores in silicon samples during electrochemical etching was studied. The difference between the pore formation processes in n- and p-conducting silicon was attributed to the properties and the nature of layers formed in the initial period of etching on the Si surface. A possible composition of the layers formed on the Si surface was proposed considering the chemistry of Si interaction with the etching agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stepwise scheme has been proposed for gaining insight into the nanopore formation process in silicon during electrolytic etching in hydrofluoric acid solutions. We have studied the influence of the concentration and nature of dopants (phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony) in silicon, current density, electric field strength, and etching time on the axial and radial pore sizes and the pore distribution density. The dopants have been shown to play a predominant role in the nanopore formation process. The shape and spatial orientation of nanopores in Si substrates with the (100) and (111) crystallographic orientations have been interpreted in terms of specific features of the electrochemical etching of silicon in hydrofluoric acid solutions, related to the action of the etching ion (HF). The observed discrepancy between the experimentally determined and calculated radial nanopore sizes has been accounted for by the low probability ( 6.25%) of simultaneous interaction of the fluorine atoms of an (HF) ion with the corresponding silicon atoms located at vertices of a cube of the crystal lattice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of nickel ions in the roots and shoots of vetch seedlings ( Vicia sativa L.) at increasing concentrations of nickel chloride in the medium was studied. It was shown that the accumulation of nickel in the shoots was increased when the concentration of nickel chloride in the medium was more than 50 μM. The bioconcentration factor and sustainability index for vetch seedlings were calculated under the experimental conditions. The obtained results were similar to parameters for other plants, grown on a nutrient medium or soil substrate. First, the obtained results allowed estimate the limits of nickel chloride concentrations for four of five zones, which correspond to the theoretical concept of dose-response curves in the studies on the influence of physiologically essential heavy metals on plants (Prasad ). Some parameters of oxidative stress caused by the presence of nickel chloride in the medium were shown. It seems that at low nickel concentrations in the medium in vetch seedlings the increase of several biochemical parameters (catalase activity and proline) caused by the high amylase activity in seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the HF content on the formation of nanopores in silicon during electrochemical etching was studied. Nanoporous silicon layers were established to be formed only when hydrogen fluoride content in etchants (initial HF content: 49 wt %) was higher than 10-12 vol %. The mass and charge balance of the electrolytic etching of silicon was calculated, and the change in charge number of reaction (effective silicon valence) was determined depending on the HF content. The obtained data were used to propose a silicon etching model with the formation of SiF and nanoporous silicon (where nanopores were formed due to the action of predominantly (HF) ions). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of thermal annealing of porous silicon layers in various media with subsequent exposure to air on the photoluminescence spectra of the layers was described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mechanism is suggested for pore formation in n-type Si through the stage of nucleation in the most probable places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the first study of selenium dichloride and dibromide reactions with diallyl ether, aimed at the preparation of selenium-containing heterocyclic compounds. It was established that selenium dichloride reacted regio- and stereoselectively, giving cis-3,5-bis(chloromethyl)-1,4-oxaselenane in 70% yield. Selenium dibromide gave 3,5-bis(bromomethyl)-1,4-oxaselenane in 76% yield, as a mixture of cis and trans diastereomers. The obtained compounds were used for the synthesis of previously unknown 1,4-oxaselenanes: 3,5-bis(methoxymethyl)-, 4,4-dibromo-3,5-bis(chloromethyl)-, and 3,5-bis-(bromomethyl)-4,4-dichloro-1,4-oxaselenane. The diastereomers of 3,5-bis(halomethyl)-1,4-oxa-selenanes were found to undergo unusually facile isomerization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of the expression of LMP7 and LMP2 proteasome subunits during embryonic and early postnatal development of rat spleen and liver was studied in comparison with the dynamics of chymotrypsin-like and caspase-like proteasome activities and expression of MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class I molecules. The distribution of LMP7 and LMP2 immune subunits in spleen and liver cells was also evaluated throughout development. The common tendency of both organs to increase the expression of both LMP7 and LMP2 subunits on the 21st postnatal day (P21) was found. However, the total proteasome level was shown to be constant. At certain developmental stages, the dynamics of immune subunits expression in the spleen and liver was different. While the gradual enhancement of both immune subunits was observed on P1, P18 and P21 in the spleen, the periods of gradual increase observed on E16 (the 16th embryonic day) and E18 gave way to a period of decrease in immune subunits on P5 in the liver. This level did not reliably change until P18 and increased on P21. The revealed changes were accompanied by an increase in chymotrypsin-like activity and a decrease in caspase-like activity in the spleen at P21 compared to the embryonic period. This indicates the increase in proteasome ability to form antigenic epitopes for MHC class I molecules. In the liver, both activities increased compared to the embryonic period by P21. The dynamics of caspase-like activity can be explained not only by the change of proteolytic constitutive and immune subunits, but also by additional regulatory mechanisms. Moreover, it was discovered that the increase in the expression of immune subunits during early spleen development is associated with the process of formation of white pulp by B- and T-lymphocytes enriched with immune subunits. In the liver, the increase in the level of immune subunits by P21 was also accompanied by an increase of their expression in hepatocytes. While the decrease of their level by P5 may be associated with the fact that the liver has lost its function as the primary lymphoid organ in the immune system by this time, as well as with the disappearance of B-lymphocytes enriched with immune proteasomes. In the spleen and the liver, MHC class I molecules were found during the periods of increased levels of proteasome immune subunits. On E21, the liver was enriched with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS); the level of nNOS decreased after birth and then increased by P18. This fact indicates the possibility of the induction of expression of the LMP7 and LMP2 immune subunits in hepatocytes via a signaling pathway involving nNOS. These results indicate that compared to the rat liver cells, splenic T cell immune response develops in rats starting around P19-P21. First, a T-area of white pulp is formed in the spleen during this period. Second, an increased level of immune proteasomes and MHC class I molecules in hepatocytes can ensure the formation of antigenic epitopes from foreign proteins and their delivery to the cell surface for subsequent presentation to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report conditions for the growth of photosensitive CdSe epilayers on mica (muscovite) substrates in a quasi-closed system. At a substrate temperature of 600°C and source evaporation temperature of 680°C, the most perfect photosensitive wurtzite CdSe epilayers can be grown. Such layers show bright free-exciton luminescence at 78 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reaction of di-2-chloroethyl 2-chloroethanephosphonate with potassium methacrylate at various component ratios was studied with the aim to prepare products containing methacrylate and vinyl functional groups. The structures of the compounds obtained were examined by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model was proposed for the mechanism of the chemical interaction of the etchant ion (HF) with silicon during its electrochemical etching, which explains the possibility of porous silicon etching in the dark and the formation of hydride and hydroxyl groups on the silicon surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of the etchant ion (HF) in the formation of pores in silicon during its etching in hydrofluoric acid solutions has been elucidated. The pore shape, size, and orientation in (100) and (111) silicon substrates have been explained by specific features of the etchant ion (HF). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preclinical study of the safety of 6 preparations containing ultralow doses of antibodies to endogenous regulators showed that they are relatively safe, are well tolerated by animals in doses more than 1000-fold surpassing the therapeutic dose for humans, and produce no general toxic effect on the organism of laboratory animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the economic outcome of 2006 and builds a forecast for 2007–2010. The medium-term development risks of the Russian economy are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previously unknown heterocyclic carbenes and their precursors containing a silicon atom in the side chain were prepared. Their structures were studied by multinuclear 1H, 13C, 15N, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical study of the efficiency of Poetam (affinity-purified antibodies to recombinant human erythropoietin) in the treatment of anemia in patients with pubertal uterine hemorrhages proved that combined therapy with Poetam and iron preparation normalized erythron parameters, structural and metabolic status of erythrocytes, and ferrokinetic parameters of the peripheral blood sooner than monotherapy with Poetam or sorbifer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for determining thermal characteristics of materials in multilayered objects is proposed. The method is based on the use of an additional layered structure with present thermal characteristics that is named the standard layer (SL). The error associated with a finite size of the SL is assessed. A technique that considerably simplifies the procedure of determining the thermal resistance of multilayered objects is proposed. This technique is simpler than the state-of-the-art methods that are based on numerical integration of the heat-conduction equation and used for solving inverse problems. A possible structure of the SL is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feasibility of dimensional maskless etching in a localized gas discharge is studied. The shape of the discharge is specified by the patterned surface of one of the electrodes. Patterning of SiO2-on-Si films using this technique with a resolution of ≈ 5 μm is reported for the first time. The basic resolution-controlling parameters of this process are determined. © 2005 Pleiades Publishing, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of the activities of 26S and 20S proteasomes in the rat liver and spleen have been studied during postnatal development from 1 to 90 days. The activities of proteasome forms both in spleen and in liver increased in adult animals as compared to one day rats. The activities of both proteasome forms in the liver did not differ significantly from those in the spleen at all stages of postnatal development. Using Western blot with monoclonal antibodies to Rpt6 subunit, we confirmed the presence of 26S proteasome in both organs at all stages of postnatal development. Studies with polyclonal antibodies to β1i (LMP2) subunit showed the appearance of the immune subunit in the spleen by day 9 and in the liver only by day 23 of postnatal development. This result suggests the earlier formation of the spleen as an organ with immune functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied changes in the erythroid hemopoietic stem during phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia. Stimulation of erythropoiesis was associated with increased functional activity of erythroid precursors, which resulted from changes in feeder capacity of hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironmental cells and erythropoietic activity of the plasma. The development of encephalopathy induced by a hemolytic poison was accompanied by a decrease in hyperplasia of bone marrow erythropoiesis. It was related to a decrease in the number of proliferating erythroid precursor cells. These changes accompanied the increase in the secretory function of adherent myelokaryocytes, rise in erythropoietic activity of the plasma, enhanced formation of erythroid hemopoietic islets, and accelerated maturation of hemopoietic cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of using a single‐channel spectral computer complex for studying, by an actinometry method, the laws governing a change in the concentration of atomic fluorine in the nonstationary period of a high‐frequency discharge in SF6 and CF4 gases is shown. It has been established that the dependence of the atomic fluorine concentration on the time of discharge running is influenced by the state of the discharge chamber surface and, first of all, the degree of its hydration. In particular, this dependence can be monotonic or have a maximum that owes its origin to the sedimentation of the products of the dissociation of molecules on the surfaces of the discharge chamber walls contacting a plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is shown that the method proposed earlier for calculating the speed of sound in seawater from the known ion concentrations, in a strict sense, can be applied for computing the sound speed in seas if, as a model of seawater, one uses a solution containing six ions or a solution containing four ions, namely, Na+, Mg2+, SO42-, and Cl-, with the mole concentration of Na+ being replaced by the sum of mole concentrations of Na+ and K+ and the mole concentration of Mg2+ being replaced by the sum of mole concentrations of Mg2+ and Ca2+. An algorithm of calculation is proposed. It is demonstrated that, when the seawater is considered as a solution containing six ions, the computed value of the speed of sound does not depend on the choice of the specific ion whose concentration is determined from the condition of electric neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A technique for proteasome isolation from the rat liver has been developed, which allows isolation of a 26S proteasome fraction free from 20S proteasome admixture. The technique includes consecutive stages of protein fractionation by precipitation with different concentrations of ammonium sulfate, gel filtration on Sepharose 2B, and ultracentrifugation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]