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Architecture Consistency (AC) aims to align implemented systems with their intended architectures. Several AC approaches and tools have been proposed and empirically evaluated, suggesting favourable results. In this paper, we empirically examine the state of practice with respect to Architecture Consistency, through interviews with nineteen experienced software engineers. Our goal is to identify 1) any practises that the companies these architects work for, currently undertake to achieve AC; 2) any barriers to undertaking explicit AC approaches in these companies; 3) software development situations where practitioners perceive AC approaches would be useful, and 4) AC tool needs, as perceived by practitioners. We also assess current commercial AC tool offerings in terms of these perceived needs. The study reveals that many practitioners apply informal AC approaches as there are barriers for adopting more formal and explicit approaches. These barriers are: 1) Difficulty in quantifying architectural inconsistency effects, and thus justifying the allocation of resources to fix them to senior management, 2) The near invisibility of architectural inconsistency to customers, 3) Practitioners’ reluctance towards fixing architectural inconsistencies, and 4) Practitioners perception that huge effort is required to map the system to the architecture when using more formal AC approaches and tools. Practitioners still believe that AC would be useful in supporting several of the software development activities such as auditing, evolution and ensuring quality attributes. After reviewing several commercial tools, we posit that AC tool vendors need to work on their ability to support analysis of systems made up of different technologies, that AC tools need to enhance their capabilities with respect to artefacts such as services and meta-data, and to focus more on non-maintainability architectural concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA polymerase β (polβ) is an essential enzyme that has been shown to localize as discrete foci to the synaptonemal complex during meiosis in the mouse. To identify proteins that associate with polβ during meiosis, we employed the yeast two-hybrid screen. Here we show that a multiple PDZ domain-containing protein, the glutamate receptor interacting protein 1 (GRIP1), interacts specifically with polβ. The PDZ domain-containing proteins, including GRIP1, act as scaffolds to promote rapid and localized biochemical events that require the interaction of multiple proteins. GRIP1 localizes to discrete foci on meiotic bivalents of both spermatocyte and oocyte nuclei, and colocalizes with polβ. Together, these findings provide evidence that GRIP1 interacts with polβ during meiosis. Our findings are consistent with the possibility that GRIP1 acts as a scaffold to promote interaction between proteins that function during meiosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defects in APC and DNA mismatch repair genes are associated with a strong predisposition to colon cancer in humans, and numerous mouse strains with mutations in these genes have been generated. In this report we describe the phenotype of Min/+ Mlh1-/- mice. We find that these doubly mutant mice develop more than three times the number of intestinal adenomas compared to Min/+ Mlh1+/+ or +/- mice but that these tumors do not show advanced progression in terms of tumor size or histological appearance. Full length Apc protein was not detected in the tumor cells from Min/+ Mlh1-/- mice. Molecular analyses indicated that in many tumors from Min/+ Mlh1-/- mice, Apc was inactivated by intragenic mutation. Mlh1 deficiency in Min/+ mice also led to an increase in cystic intestinal crypt multiplicity as well as enhancing desmoid tumorigenesis and epidermoid cyst development. Thus, Mlh1 deficiency influences the somatic events involved in the development of most of the phenotypes associated with the Min mutation. Oncogene (2000) 19, 2774–2779 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proposes the location of the human gene encoding a protein human MutL homolog (hMLH1) on the human chromosome 3p21.3-23. Similarity of the hMLH1 gene product to the yeast DNA mismatch repair protein; Role of the human DNA mismatch repair gene homolog in hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer.

The article Architecture consistency: State of the practice, challenges and requirements, written by Nour Ali et al. was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on May 15, 2017 without open access.The original article has been corrected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]