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The current study focuses on synthesizing and characterizing the Gd and Ni co-doped Ba1-xGdxFe12-yNiyO19 nanoparticles (NPs) via emulsion method. The as-fabricated NPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis , Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. The synthesis of single-phase Ba-hexaferrites with hexagonal geometry was successfully formed, with co-doping of Gd at tetrahedral and Ni at octahedral sites. SEM analysis revealed tubular particles with rounded spherical geometry, with an increased surface area increase in particle size from 25 to 35 nm upon doping. The magnetic investigation showed increased magnetization (45.7–70.2 emu/g) with co-doping. The doped materials showed excellent photocatalytic activities, degrading almost 90.2% of methyl green (MG) dye in 60 min of sunlight illumination in comparison with 32.26% of their counterpart. The reusability test showed excellent stability and recoverability, with only 1% loss in degradation activity after 5 runs. The results suggest that Gd- and Ni-doped Ba1-xGdxFe12-yNiyO19 NPs have superior photocatalytic activities, more magnetization, an exposed surface area, and excellent reusability, making them suitable for potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of CrxV2−xO4 materials with varying ratios of vanadium and chromium (1:1, 0.75:1.25, 0.5:1.5, 0.25:1.75) and novel CrxV2−xO4 were synthesized. The co-incorporation of sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (S–g–C3N4) with vanadium oxide and chromium for supercapacitor applications has not, as far as we are aware, been considered. Based on a comparative study of the XRD spectra, the produced nanocrystallites are of the monoclinic phase, with an average size of 67 nm. A very high specific capacitance of 554 F/g is shown by the Cr0. 25V1.75O4-based electrode at a current intensity of 1 A/g, according to the CV, GCD, and EIS tests conducted in 2 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. Conversely, the composite 50% Cr0.25V1.75O4@S–gC3N4-based electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 717 F/g at 1 A/g current density. Accordingly, the addition of S–g–C3N4, which has an increased surface area and porosity, results in a larger specific capacitance of this new electrode material than the previous one. Furthermore, as shown by the EIS plots below, both the parent sample and the composite have low charge transfer resistance and high conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popular organophosphorus (OP) compound chlorpyrifos (CP) has recently gained significant attention due to its health risks, particularly among farmers exposed to OP pesticides. This study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of Cuscuta reflexa seed extract (CRSE) and its efficacy of mitigating the adverse effects of CP in albino male mice. For acute toxicity analysis, the first group was served as the control group, while the second group was received CRSE (200 mg/kg/bw) on the first day of the 14-day experiment. For hepatotoxicity analysis, the first group was the control group, the second group (vehicle control) received corn oil (CO) (2 mL/kg/bw), the third group was given CP (20 mg/kg/bw) dissolved in corn oil and the fourth group was given CP (20 mg/kg/bw) along-with CRSE (200 mg/kg/bw) orally via gavage once daily for 21 days. The acute toxicity examination revealed no statistically significant differences between the CRSE-treated and control groups in serum biochemical indicators and histopathological analyses of various organs, suggesting that CRSE as safe at a dosage of 200 mg/kg/bw, with an oral LD50 in mice higher than 200 mg/kg. The hepatotoxicity study demonstrated that the CP administration resulted in liver damage and oxidative stress, while CRSE acted as an antioxidant and attenuated the signs of oxidative stress in liver damage. Hence, a promising therapeutic approach for lowering CP hepatotoxicity is co-treatment with CRSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete is used worldwide as a construction material in many projects. It exhibits a brittle nature, and fibers' addition to it improves its mechanical properties. Polypropylene (PP) fibers stand out as widely employed fibers in concrete. However, conventional micro-PP fibers pose challenges due to their smooth texture, affecting bonding within concrete and their propensity to clump during mixing due to their thin and soft nature. Addressing these concerns, a novel type of PP fiber is proposed by gluing thin fibers jointly and incorporating surface indentations to enhance mechanical anchorage. This study investigates the incorporation of macro-PP fibers into high-strength concrete, examining its fresh and mechanical properties. Three different concrete strengths 40 MPa, 45 MPa, and 50 MPa, were studied with fiber content of 0–1.5% v/f. ASTM specifications were utilized to test the fresh and mechanical properties, while the RILEM specifications were adopted to test the bond of bar reinforcements in concrete. Test results indicate a decrease in workability, increased air content, and no substantial shift in fresh concrete density. Hardened concrete tests, adding macro-PP fibers, show a significant increase in splitting tensile strength, bond strength, and flexural strength with a maximum increase of 34.5%, 35%, and 100%, respectively. Concrete exhibits strain-hardening behavior with 1% and 1.5% fiber content, and the flexural toughness increases remarkably from 2.2 to 47.1. Thus, macro PP fibers can effectively improve concrete's mechanical properties and resistance against crack initiation and spread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Albian–Aptian Goru Formation represents a fluvio-deltaic reservoir in both the Central and Southern Indus Basin, Pakistan. Using high-resolution core data, this study provides comprehensive insights into the depositional environment and its role in influencing reservoir heterogeneities in the studied formation. The sedimentological investigations demonstrate five lithofacies, namely, (i) massive sandstone (Sm), (ii) horizontal to low-angle planar laminated sandstone (Sl), (iii) planar cross-laminated sandstone (Sc), (iv) heterolithic beds (Hw and Hr), and (v) massive mudstone (Mm). Facies associations reflect shallow marine depositional settings varying from deltaic in the NE to strand plain in the SW. The framework grains of the established lithofacies exhibit quartzo-feldspathic petrofabrics, which have been sourced from stable craton-continental block settings. The petrophysical data in the core depth zone show high shale content in Well-A and lower parts of Well-B. In Well-A, the crossover between the density and neutron logs is not observed, which suggests unsaturated sands, while Well-B exhibits a permeable zone as indicated by neutron-density crossover, low gamma ray values, and relatively high porosity. The petrographic analysis and scanning electron microscopy indicate high effective porosities contributed by both primary (intergranular and intercrystalline) and secondary porosity (owing to fracturing and dissolution). The upper part of Well-B shows high porosity values up to 28% due to highly fractured quartz. Porosity values are low in the lower parts of the Well-A and Well-B due to intensive calcite cementation, chlorite recrystallization, proto matrix as well as pseudo matrix. This suggests that both Well-A and Well-B have a common source but the reservoir properties can be attributed to the depositional and post-depositional variations in the petrofabric of the studied lithological units. The Cretaceous Goru Formation in Southern Indus Basin, the Pariwar formations in Jaisalmar Basin, and Bhuj Formation in Kutch Basin share same geological history and sedimentary processes. Thus, these studies can be utilized in the exploration of Cretaceous reservoirs in these basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hospital wastewater is major contributor to pharmaceutical contaminants, particularly antibiotic like tetracycline. Tetracycline is often found as a pollutant in water bodies, primarily due to its improper disposal and excretion through human and animal waste. This wastewater poses serious environmental and health risks. We synthesized a novel composite material M type lead hexaferrites/g-carbon nitride (PbFe12O19/g-C3N4) to address this alarming issue. The combine effect of lead hexaferrite with graphitic-C3N4, aiming to enhance the degradation of tetracycline (TC). The characterization of the synthesized composite was conducted using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared radiation spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The photocatalytic output of the samples was evaluated under sunlight irradiation. The results demonstrated superior removal efficiency of tetracycline up to 90% in only 60 min compared to individual components. This work highlights the potential of PbFe12O19/g-C3N4 composites as effective photocatalysts for treating pharmaceutical contaminants especially tetracycline in wastewater. Highlights: Combination of PbFe12O19 and g-C3N4 enhanced charge separation and increased surface area. The nanocomposites have a band gap of 2.03 eV, ideal for photocatalysis under visible light. Achieved 90% degradation of tetracycline in 60 min under sunlight. g-C3N4-based composites offer high conductivity and porosity for effective antibiotic removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freezing temperatures are a severe issue in North Florida, primarily due to occasional cold snaps and frost events in winter and early spring that cause damage to citrus groves, resulting in reduced fruit yield. The apoplasm is the primary cell component that interacts with environmental stress and is essential for plant tolerance to freezing temperatures. The present study was conducted to gain insight into how the application of silicon (Si) and potassium (K) are involved in the leaf apoplasm contributes to freezing stress tolerance, and regulates carbohydrate metabolism. We used Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), the most successful commercially grown citrus cultivar in North Florida, and treated trees with two concentrations of Si and K (50 and 100 ppm) both individually and combined as foliar spray to determine their effect as they relate to improving cold hardiness. Freezing stress (-6 °C) caused a severe reduction in photosynthesis, and modulations in leaf carbohydrate metabolism resulted in inhibited plant growth. The exogenous application of Si and K both improved the photosynthesis rate, soluble sugars, and activities of enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as fructokinase, phosphofructokinase, hexokinase, sucrose and phosphate synthase, and acid and neutral invertase. Applying Si (100 ppm) and combined treatment (Si + K-50) showed the best response by inducing the maximum tolerance to freeze stress. Our data demonstrated the ameliorative effect of Si and K under freezing stress in citrus is associated with modification in carbohydrate metabolism in the leaf apoplasm. This study provides direction for future research to investigate the effect of Si and K on the transcriptome and metabolome in citrus plants and their tissues under freezing stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better understand the memristive characteristics of Ag/1%(Co, Li)-co-doped ZnO/Pt/Si–SiO2 devices, this work looks at possible uses of dual-doped materials-based memory for neuromorphic computing. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to study the device structure after a 70-nm thin layer of 1% (Co, Li)-co-doped ZnO was formed on a Si–SiO2 substrate using a sputtering technique. The set and reset voltages of 1.22 V and 1.01 V, respectively, were demonstrated by the devices, which demonstrated dependable repeatable resistance switching for 80 cycles. Analyzing conductance modulation with recurrent both positive and negative pulses revealed depression and potentiation curves that were almost linear. In order to clarify the switching process, a physical model was put out that focused on the oxidation–reduction reactions that drive the production and rupture of Ag conductive filaments in the presence of an applied electric field. The device's usefulness for neuromorphic computing systems is highlighted by its reversible transitions between high and low resistance states and its steady and symmetric I–V properties. These results imply that (Co, Li)-co-doped ZnO memristors are good options for creating dependable and effective memory technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a rapidly prevailing disease throughout the world that poses boundless risk factors linked to several health problems. Vildagliptin is the standard dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor type of medication that is used for the treatment of diabetes anti-hyperglycemic agent (anti-diabetic drug). The current study aimed to synthesize vildagliptin-loaded ZnO NPs for enhanced efficacy in terms of increased retention time minimizing side effects and increased hypoglycemic effects. Herein, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were constructed by precipitation method then the drug vildagliptin was loaded and drug loading efficiency was estimated by the HPLC method. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), UV–vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and EDX analysis were performed for the characterization of synthesized vildagliptin-loaded ZnO NPs. The UV–visible spectrum shows a distinct peak at 363 nm which confirms the creation of ZnO NPs and SEM showed mono-dispersed sphere-shaped NPs. EDX analysis shows the presence of desired elements along with the elemental composition. The physio-sorption studies, which used adsorption isotherms to assess adsorption capabilities, found that the Freundlich isotherm model explains the data very well and fits best. The maximum adsorption efficiency of 58.83% was obtained. Further, In vitro, anti-diabetic activity was evaluated by determining the α-amylase and DPP IV inhibition activity of the product formed. The formulation gave maximum inhibition of 82.06% and 94.73% of α-amylase and DPP IV respectively. While at 1000 µg/ml concentration with IC50 values of 24.11 μg/per ml and 42.94 μg/ml. The inhibition of α-amylase can be ascribed to the interactive effect of ZnO NPs and vildagliptin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contributions of the tourism sector and its development to economic growth are widely recognized across the economies. However, development in this sector also has its impacts on environmental quality and sustainability. In addition, elevated economic policy uncertainty also has repercussions on the environment. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of international tourism on environmental sustainability while considering EPU, renewable energy consumption (REC), and service sector output (SSO) in the model estimated based on panel data from 17 economies. Having the heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation issues in the panel data, the author used multiple econometric methods (pooled OLS with Drisk/Kraay standard errors (DKSEs), GLS, PCSE, and quantile regressions) to examine the relationship between international tourism and environmental sustainability. DKSEs address the common issue of heteroskedasticity and GLS also accounts for both heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation. PCSE method corrects these errors. Finally, quantile regression estimates the relationships between variables at different points of the distribution. The results show that international tourism and EPU adversely impact environmental quality and sustainability by increasing GHG emissions. The findings show that increased GHG emissions from international tourism and EPU harm environmental sustainability. Furthermore, SSO and REC significantly reduce GHG emissions and enhance sustainability. Nevertheless, the tourism sector should adopt sustainable practices like using eco-friendly lodging, conserving energy and water, and utilizing renewable energy (RE) to reduce negative environmental impacts. Conserving biodiversity and regional cultures while minimizing waste and resource use is also essential. Tourists should embrace eco-friendly practices such as choosing green hotels, conserving energy and water, and supporting environmental causes while adhering to regulations to reduce emissions. The study recommends establishing uniform trade laws that support green technology and RE to reduce EPU. The findings stress the need for international collaboration to promote eco-friendly tourist practices and minimize the sector's environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an effective Cr-ZnO/SGCN photocatalytic composite has been successfully fabricated by coupling chromium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Cr–ZnO NPs) with sulphur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (SGCN) hydrothermally. The effect of various NP and ternary NC compositions on photocatalytic properties was also examined. Using SEM, XRD, EDX and FTIR methods, the samples' morphological, structural, and bonding characteristics were examined while band gaps were determined by employing the tauc plot methodology. Photodegradation of a model contaminant i.e., methylene blue (MB) dye, under sunlight irradiation, was brought into action for determining the photocatalytic capacity of synthetic materials. In order to identify the photocatalyst with the highest photocatalytic efficiency, a two-phase photocatalytic degradation study of (1, 3, 5, 7 & 9) wt.% Cr–ZnO NPs and Cr–ZO/(5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.%) SGCN NCs was conducted against MB. The 5% Cr–ZnO NPs and 5% Cr–ZnO/20% SGCN NCs presented the best optical absorption and photocatalyst effectiveness in stages one and two, respectively. Observed improved photocatalytic performance of Cr–ZnO/20% SGCN NC can be accredited to e–h pair separation and better absorption between SGCN and Cr–ZnO. As a result, the intended study provides good insight for creating a suitable visible-light-driven photocatalyst having useful environmental remediation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of cobalt and manganese co-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) ferromagnetic nanoparticles via a chemical precipitation technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the wurtzite-type order of the nanoparticles, with cobalt and manganese ions replacing zinc ions at tetrahedral sites. The nanoparticles exhibit ferromagnetic behavior below 400 K, supported by negative Curie–Weiss constants, suggesting the presence of spinel-type impurity phases or intrinsic features of the doped samples. Additionally, the study explores the resistive switching characteristics of ferromagnetic memristors fabricated using sputtering procedures, incorporating 1% co-doped ZnO layers between Pt and Ag electrodes. The memristors demonstrate robust analog resistance switching over 80 cycles, with precise voltage control. Augmented grain volume and oxygen vacancies in the doped ZnO layers indicate grain growth, reducing grain boundaries and enhancing electrical response. Further investigation reveals asymmetrical resistance switching behavior, attributed to underlying electrochemical processes within the devices. Statistical analysis demonstrates consistent resistive switching over numerous pulse cycles at room temperature, highlighting exceptional thermal stability. The switching mechanism is elucidated by the migration of Ag ions during the "set" process, forming conductive pathways, and filament rupture during the "reset" process. Current–voltage (I–V) curves suggest space-charge limited current, indicating the creation of conductive filaments. The study showcases the ability to precisely modulate resistance in response to different voltages, presenting the potential of the memristors as neuromemristive systems for biological synapses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating quantum Fisher information is an essential task in the parameter estimation and quantum metrology. It quantifies the sensitivity of a quantum state to probe and capture variations in an unknown parameter, which is aimed to be estimated. In this context, the amount of quantum Fisher information measures the operational nonclassicality of a given state, regarded as a quantifiable resource for quantum metrology. We construct su(1, 1) coherent states, using the Perelomov formalism, and present their various optical realizations forming a general class of su(1, 1) algebraic squeezed states. We analyze the nonclassicality of these states and evaluate the corresponding Fisher information. Also, we find that su(1, 1) algebraic squeezed states surpass the standard quantum limit, thereby exhibiting a quantum metrological advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dots-Manganese oxide (CDs-MnO2) and Nitrogen-doped carbon dots-MnO2 (NCDs-MnO2) nanocomposites were constructed by a green ultrasonic approach using Jasminum sambac leaves extract as a carbon source and reducing agent. The constructed nanocomposites were characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometry, FTIR, XRD, EDX, and SEM. CDs-MnO2 nanocomposites gave a UV–visible absorbance peak at λmax 223 nm and NCDs-MnO2 nanocomposite showed a peak at λmax 225 nm. FTIR examination revealed that the produced nanocomposites included a variety of functional groups. The size of the nanocomposite was calculated from XRD data i.e. 22.04 nm for CDs-MnO2 while NCDs-MnO2 had an amorphous nature. EDX analysis showed that both nanocomposites have C, O, and Mn while only one nanocomposite has N. SEM investigation revealed that nanocomposites are agglomerated. The spectrophotometric method was used for the sensitive and selective perceiving of Cr(VI) ions using prepared nanocomposites. Different factors were studied to find an optimum environment for sensing Cr (VI) ions i.e. concentration of ions, reaction time, pH, temperature, and effect of interfering species. The calculated limit of detection was 16 μM for CDs-MnO2 and 69 μM for NCDs-MnO2. The results showed that both nanocomposites are good sensors of Cr (VI) ions but NCDs-MnO2 nanocomposites require less harsh conditions for sensing which can be due to the existence of different functional groups and size of the nanocomposite. Real sample analysis was also done by spike recovery method and calculated recovery percentages were found to be 100.01–100.2% for CDs-MnO2 and 99.9–100.01% for NCDs-MnO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Schiff bases compound 2-((2-chloro-4-methylphenylimino)methyl)-5diethylamino)phenol (hereafter L4 compound) has been synthesized and was used for the first time in the fabrication of sensor and to test its humidity sensing properties. The solution of L4 compound was deposited on interdigitated Ag–Pd electrodes using drop-casting technique. The scanning electron micrographs (SEM images) revealed that the surface morphology consisted of flat surface along with pores and pore channels of various shapes and sizes. Porosity and conduits facilitated and accommodated more H2O molecules and played key role in the sensing mechanism. When applied frequency was increased from 25 Hz to 2 MHz, the capacitance of the device was decreased from 48.8 to 3.92 pF. However, when humidity was changed from 39.4 to 90%RH the capacitance of the device was enhanced from 8.68 × 10−10 to 4.1 × 10−9 Farad. The regression or goodness of fit (R2) values were 0.96 and 0.94 which are very close to unity and represented the best fit of both the curves to improve linearity. The L4 compound-based sensor showed rapid response time (3.5 s) and recovery time (9.4 s), which are much quicker than our previous published results. The present L4-based sensor showed high sensitivity of 47,299%, which is higher than conventional humidity sensor. The hysteresis of the sensor was low (3.63%). Thus, the rapid response/recovery time, high sensitivity, and low hysteresis of L4 compound appear to be very promising candidate for efficient capacitive humidity sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alpine lakes are aquatic ecosystems that maintain and regulate water supply for the downstream streams, rivers, and other reservoirs. This study examined the water characteristics of various alpine lakes in Gilgit-Baltistan, Northern Pakistan. For this purpose, water was sampled and investigated for basic parameters, anions, and cations using the multi-parameter analyzers and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Physicochemical parameters of alpine lakes were noted under the World Health Organization water guidelines, except for fluoride (F−) and turbidity in 4.3% and 36% of samples, respectively. Water quality index (WQI) classified samples (93%) as excellent and good quality (7%). Results showed maximum chronic daily intake values (0.14 ± 0.01 mg/kg-day) for nitrate (NO3−) and hazard quotient (0.80 ± 0.24) for F− in children via water intake from Upper Kachura and Shausar Lakes, respectively. Statistical analyses of Piper and Gibbs’s plots revealed that the water quality is mainly characterized by bedrock geology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hybrid polymer nanocomposite polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-b-polystyrene-grafted maleic anhydride with organically modified montmorillonite; SEBS-g-MA/OMMT was synthesized through solution casting methodology with varying clay proportions. The organophilic character was introduced into the inorganic clay platelets using 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane (BAPPP) as an intercalating mediator employing ion interchange process which was confirmed by XRD patterns. Nanocomposite films were investigated by FTIR, XRD, and SEM for their morphology. XRD pattern of the nanocomposite film revealed the homogeneous dispersion of platelets into the matrix, thus responsible for the improved material properties. Enhanced forces of adhesion led to a compatibilized system as depicted by scanning electron micrographs. Fine dispersion and smooth surface particles were exfoliated and were unidentified under the microscope. SEBS-g-MA showed improved mechanical strength up to 8% clay content based on tensile tests. When the mechanical strength of the nanocomposite was examined with its clay content, a 90% increase in modulus was found when compared to the original polymer matrix. Thermal decomposition temperatures of the nanocomposite ranged from 365 to 446 °C. With increasing clay loading, the nanocomposite exhibited thermal stability greater than pure polymers under similar conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the morphological, magnetic and resistive switching characteristics of ZnO co-doped with both cobalt (Co) and gadolinium (Gd) for the purpose of Neuromemristive systems. By employing hydrothermal route synthesized nanoparticles and their corresponding lab-made target for sputtering methods; we incorporate gadolinium (Gd) and Cobalt (Co) into the ZnO structure. This results in an augmentation of grain volume and oxygen vacancies, which signifies the occurrence of grain growth. The increase in size of the nanoparticles decreases the interfaces between the grains, resulting in improved electrical response and the presence of ferromagnetism at 300 K in Gd and Co-doped ZnO nanoparticles. We introduce a memristor that is fabricated using sputtering and consists of a 3% (Co, Gd) co–ZnO layer interposed between Au electrodes. Characterization verifies the existence of the ZnO layer and the presence of Au electrodes that are 50 nm in thickness. The memristor demonstrates consistent analog resistance switching, enabling control over the conductance between states of low and high resistance. The memristor demonstrates asymmetry resistance switching, enabling control over the conductance between states of low and high resistance, which can be attributed to the underlying electrochemical processes occurring within the device. Statistical perseverance studies demonstrate consistent resistive switching with low variation over 120 pulse cycles at normal 300 K. The recognition properties exhibit four clearly defined current states that remain stable for a duration of up to 10 K seconds, indicating exceptional thermal stability. The switching mechanism of the physical model is elucidated by the migration of Au ions during the "set" process leading to the formation of conductive pathways or filaments and the rupture of the filament during the "reset" process. The I-V curves (current–voltage curves) suggest the presence of space-charge limited current, highlighting the creation of conductive filaments. This study demonstrates the ability to precisely adjust resistance in response to different voltages, showing its potential as Neuromemristive system for biological synapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chalcogenide perovskites are receiving considerable attention as a new type of semiconducting material for optoelectronic applications. The current work is carried out on optimization studies for depositing SrZrS3 perovskite thin films via chemical bath deposition. The film properties were investigated as a function of molar concentration ratios (0.4–0.6 M), complexing agent, pH (9–10), deposition time (14–20 h), and annealing temperature (300–500°C). The orthorhombic structure of the deposited thin film was verified by x-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation. The Pnma space group was identified by XRD investigations with lattice constants of 7.09 Å, 9.77 Å, and 6.78 Å. The optical characteristics of the films were examined using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. Bandgap values in the range of 3.34–3.50 eV, and absorption coefficient 1.75 × 104 cm−1 to 2.15 × 104 cm−1 were observed for the synthesized samples. It was found that 500°C for the annealing temperature and a pH of 10 were the optimal values for the SrZrS3 thin film deposition parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study extends the energy-environment literature by investigating the asymmetric determinants of renewable energy production in a developing country like Pakistan. We have utilized the linear and nonlinear versions of the ARDL method for short- and long-run analysis. The findings of the linear model imply that long-term improvement in renewable energy production is influenced by factors such as GDP, environmental advancements, CO2 emissions, financial development, and foreign direct investment. Aside from foreign direct investment, every other factor promotes renewable energy development in the short run. Likewise, the findings of the nonlinear framework confirm that positive shocks in GDP, environment-related technologies, and financial development promote renewable energy production. On the other hand, although the negative shock to environmental technology lowers renewable energy output, the negative shock to the GDP and financial growth is negligible. The production of renewable energy is increased in the short run by positive shocks to GDP, environmental technology, and foreign direct investment, whereas adverse shocks halt the production of renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation focused on creating and studying a new 2D–2D S-scheme CdS/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst. Various techniques examined its structure, composition, and optical properties. This included XRD, XPS, EDS, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, DRS, and PL. The heterojunction showed a reduced charge recombination rate and more excellent stability, helping to lessen photocorrosion. This was due to photogenerated holes moving more quickly out of the CdS valence band. The interface between g-C3N4 and CdS favored a synergistic charge transfer. A suitable flat band potential measurement supported enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in degrading 4-nitrophenol and 2-nitrophenol. This resulted in remarkable degradation efficiency of up to 99% and mineralization of up to 79%. The findings highlighted the practical design of the new 2D–2D S-scheme CdS/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst and its potential application in various energy and environmental settings, such as pollutant removal, hydrogen production, and CO2 conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant yield and productivity are being impacted significantly by global climate change. Since water scarcity is one of the main risks to agriculture's future, developing plants that can withstand water stress is crucial. The peach is an essential fruit crop for examining how plants respond to drought stress, which lowers crop performance through yield and quality losses. Melatonin, a versatile, beneficial stress-relieving hormone, can be used to alter how plants respond to environmental stresses. The current investigation examined how melatonin may improve early peach seedlings' resistance to drought stress. Our findings revealed a significant decrease in plant biomass and photosynthetic activity and increased oxidative damage under drought stress. Melatonin application promotes plant development and reduces oxidative damage by increasing photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll contents. Melatonin also increases soluble sugars and proline contents. Furthermore, an increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was also recorded in peach seedlings. According to the results of our investigation, melatonin applied at a concentration of 100 µM had the highest effect on increasing plant survival under drought stress and contributed to the development of a practical approach for peaches under drought stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit color is an important factor that affects its quality. The red-skinned cultivars of Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) have high medicinal economic benefits and are mainly used for deep-processed products because of their eye-catching red pigmentation. In contrast, molecular markers related to the red color trait in Japanese apricot fruit haven't been reported. This study identified twenty-eight SNPs markers based on genome resequencing data. The average number of alleles per SNP marker site in red and green-skinned groups of Japanese apricot cultivars was 1.9643, with heterozygosity ranging from 0.02 to 0.75, and an average Shannon index of 0.517 and 0.4420, respectively, indicating high dispersion and diversity. The total germplasm was divided into two (K = 2) clusters, including 10 and 34. Most red-skinned Japanese apricot cultivars were classified as cluster I, showing the significant genetic difference between the two cultivar groups (Fst = 0.54). According to PIC values, a total of seven SNPs markers showed high polymorphism (PIC > 0.5), including PmSNP_1 (4-CL), PmSNP_4 (WD40), PmSNP_5 (MYB29), PmSNP_18 (UFGT6) and PmSNP_27 (UFGT3) that were highly correlated with red color trait. Among them, PmUFGT3 exhibited the highest polymorphism, which is significant for future research on developing and utilizing germplasm resources related to red fruit skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: International doctors make up nearly half of the physicians working in Ireland and are an integral part of the health service. The COVID-19 pandemic declared in March 2020 led to a global healthcare emergency. Resulting national lockdowns precluded travel at a time of need for family support. Aim: We aimed to measure the professional, psychosocial, and financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-EEA doctors working in Ireland. Methods: An 88-item online survey of demographics, well-being, and financial resilience was circulated nationally between November 2021 and January 2022. The results were analysed using RStudio and Microsoft Excel 365. Results: One hundred thirty-eight responses were received. Sixty-two percent of responders reported wishing to stay in Ireland long-term and 44% had applied for citizenship. Despite 80% of responders working in their desired speciality, only 36% were on a specialist training scheme. Forty-seven percent felt their career was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Seventy-three percent of respondents reported missing significant events in their home country. Over 50% reported significant mental health issues personally or in their families; however, only a minority sought professional help. Financial issues were a source of anxiety for 15% of respondents. Financial resilience was poor, 20% of respondents cited a 1-month financial reserve, 10% had a personal pension, and 9% had made a will. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a multifactorial negative impact on non-national doctors working in Ireland. More must be done to offer multidimensional support to this cohort who are a crucial part of the underserviced Irish healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is an important plant hormone required for various plant growth and developmental activities. YUCCA proteins are the enzymes for IAA synthesis that catalyze the rate-limiting step. However, the YUCCA gene family in Japanese apricot has not been thoroughly characterized. Here, we investigated the effect of rootstocks on scion growth of Japanease apricot and genes involved in auxin biosynthesis (YUCCA). Growth characteristics revealed that the height of 'Longyan' [Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc] plants with P. mume rootstock were significantly shorter than 'Longyan' plants with P. persica rootstock. This study isolated 13 PmYUCCA genes from the Japanese apricot genome. Bioinformatics and expression studies were undertaken to investigate the functions and characteristics of YUCCA genes. The physicochemical properties, gene structure, conserved domains, conserved motif, and phylogenetic relationships of YUCCA genes were determined using bioinformatics analysis. Likewise, we analyzed the expression of PmYUCCA genes in Japanese apricot's leaf and stem-bark (scion). The expression levels of PmYUCCA3 and PmYUCCA5 genes were noticeably lower in the leaves of 'Longyan'/P. mume graft combination than that of the 'Longyan'/P. persica graft combinations, suggesting their distinct roles in regulating growth vigor. This research explores the genome-wide identification, characterization, and possible relationship between growth vigor and expression profile analysis of the YUCCA gene family in Japanese apricot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nb-modified lead-free ceramics (K0.48Bi0.52)(Mg0.02Ti0.98−xNbx)O3, (KBT-BMTNbx with x = 0.00 − 0.05) were synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction route followed by furnace cooling. The effects of Nb-doping on the structural properties and electrical properties of KBT-BMTNbx ceramics have been investigated. The X-ray diffraction pattern indicates a mixed tetragonal and cubic phase for the pure KBT-BMTNbx ceramics. Therefore, a large piezoelectric actuator coefficient d33* ≈ 700 pm/V, piezoelectric sensor coefficient (d33 ≈ 133 pC/N) along with remnant polarization (Pr ≈ 17.5 µC/cm2), maximum electromechanical strain ≈ 0.35% and maximum temperature (Tm ≈ 336 ºC) were obtained for KBT-BMTNbx. However, with Nb-doping, a compositionally driven phase transformation occurred from mixed rhombohedral and tetragonal phases to cubic phase. Because of the excess Nb-doping in the KBT-BMT ceramics, the grain size suddenly decreased, as a result, the long-range ferroelectric phase was converted into a short-range relaxor phase. Hence, a low dielectric loss tanδ ≈ 0.02 was achieved at x = 0.02 composition. This superior dielectric performance is correlated to the crystal structure morphotropic phase boundary, optimum grain size (≈ 2 μm), maximum lattice distortion, and soft-ferroelectric effect induced by the donor doping. The main aim of recent research is to investigate Pr, d33, d33*, Smax, and reduced tanδ for practical applications in the real world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnO nanotubes were produced via co-precipitation, and the effects of Co and Gd on their structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties were reported. Utilizing Co and Gd into ZnO decreased the crystallization rate while maintaining the optimal symmetry, as shown by the results. The morphology of the synthesized nanotubes was shown to be unaffected by the Co and Gd dopants, as determined by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses. It was also shown that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss values increased with decreasing frequency and concentration of the Gd co-dopant. Doping was discovered to have an inverse relationship with the dielectric constant and the ac electrical conductivity reaction. Finally, ferromagnetic characteristics were observed in Co- and Gd-co-doped ZnO nanotubes at 300 K. The ferromagnetic reaction improved as Co and Gd co-doping was raised to 4%. Since then, increasing the Gd co-doping has resulted in a reduced ferromagnetic reaction. Electrical conductivity for the same material (Zn0.92Co0.04Gd0.04O nanotubes) was shown to be superior to pure and less in Co–Gd-co-doped ZnO. Magnetic impurities doped into the ZnO side often account for its high ferromagnetism. Given the properties of these nanotubes, they have potential applications in spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main issues confronting researchers is the removal of hazardous organic dyes from industrial effluent. In this work, a biodegradable starch-based polymer (starch-PMA) and silver blend (Ag@starch-PMA) nanocomposite were developed by a free radical process and employed as adsorbents for efficiently removing the hazardous dyes from industrial wastewater. The synthesized polymer adsorbent’s ability to bind to the methylene blue dye in water was tested under optimal conditions. The techniques, including FTIR, indicate the functional groups, TGA/DTG provide the thermal degradation of Ag@starch-PMA (76%) and starch-PMA (90%) at 520 °C and 500 °C, respectively. The surface morphology of the composites was investigated using SEM, and their biodegradation was examined using the soil burial technique. Further, in the adsorption process, parameters like adsorbent dose (0.15 g), pH range (2–12), and dye solution concentration (10 ppm) are optimized. The experimental data indicate the adsorption efficiency of Ag@starch-PMA (95%) and starch-PMA (92%) under the basic pH (8.4–10.4) and further remains constant. The qmax of starch-PMA (522.7834 mg/g) and Ag@starch-PMA (541.2563 mg/g) were assessed by Freundlich adsorption isotherm. In addition, linear fitting kinetic data of starch-PMA (R2 = 0.8619) and Ag@starch-PMA (R2 = 0.9898) showed that the adsorbents follow the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order of reaction, respectively. A unique adsorbent for the removal of MB dye from an aqueous solution may therefore be found in the resultant nanocomposite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bauxite deposits are residuals of intense lateritic weathering under warm and humid palaeoclimates. The Triassic–Jurassic Boundary (TJB) interval in the Salt Range, Pakistan, provides one such case of bauxite deposits formation along the SW tropical Neo-Tethyan passive margin. Thick, red bauxites/bauxitic clays occur at the contact of the Upper Triassic Kingriali Formation and the Lower Jurassic Datta Formation. These bauxites are rich in kaolinite, haematite, boehmite (Al2O3 and Fe2O3), and are depleted in silica (SiO2). Geochemical proxies of the succession signal intense chemical weathering of the parent siliciclastics under Mesozoic "greenhouse" conditions. Certain trace elements and Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are enriched up to seven times compared to mean Upper Continental Crust (UCC) values. These bauxites are synchronous with the Amir-Abad bauxites of the Alborz Mountains, central Iranian Plateau, that occur between the thick Triassic dolomite/dolomitic limestones of the Elika Formation and the Lower Jurassic Shemshak Formation. Thus, the Salt Range, Pakistan, provides evidence for the eastward extension of the Irano-Himalayan bauxites that are extended westward into Mediterranean bauxites, and the western Tethys by correlation with European bauxites. The TJB bauxites in the Salt Range support increased chemical weathering on the SW Neo-Tethyan passive margin and correspond to an associated sea-level fall during this time interval. This supports the Neo-Tethyan tectonics contribution in the formation of bauxite deposits during the Triassic–Jurassic in addition to the widely studied karst-bauxites that formed in response to the subduction and orogenic processes in the Paleo-Tethys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of Ce and Co co-doping on the structural, dielectric, and magnetic properties of ZnO nanoparticles annealed in an air/oxygen (O2) environment at 600 °C (six hundred degree Celsius) was investigated. The structural investigation revealed that the addition of Ce and Co to ZnO improved the crystallinity while maintaining the preferred orientation. The SEM study demonstrated that the Ce and Co dopants had no influence on the spherical-like morphology of the particles but merely reduced their size, as confirmed by TEM. It was found that High co-doping of Ce and Co ions into the host ZnO was shown to decrease dielectric characteristics while increasing electrical conductivity. The substitution of Zn ions with Ce and Co ions enhanced the dielectric and electrical conductivities of the samples due to an increase in available charge carriers. A significant change in the hysteresis loop was observed and characterized by the change from the diamagnetic response of ZnO to ferromagnetic (FM) when co-doped with Ce and Co ions. Room-temperature ferromagnetism in the ZnO lattice samples mainly emanated from oxygen vacancies and zinc interstitials. The remanent magnetization increased from 0.421 (electromagnetic unit per gram) to 0.568 emu/g (electromagnetic unit per grame) and then declined dramatically to 0.463 emu/g (electromagnetic unit per grame) when the dopant concentration was changed from 1% (1%) to 2% (2%) and then to 4% (4%). The enhanced dielectric and magnetic properties of the 2% (2%) co-doped sample are strongly correlated to the increase in O2 vacancies. The Ce and Co co-doped is a new work for diluted magnetism semiconductor applications specially in spin-based electronics. In this work, results have demonstrated that Ce and Co co-doped ZnO has tunable RTFM, and the introduction of O2 vacancies is an approach to enhance high-temperature ferromagnetism. These co-doped ZnO nanoparticles are best for spin-based electronics and memristive devices for Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) Applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunflower plants need nitrogen consistently and in higher amount for optimum growth and development. However, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of sunflower crop is low due to various nitrogen (N) losses. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the advanced strategies to minimize N losses and also improve sunflower productivity under arid climatic conditions. A field trial was conducted with four slow release nitrogenous fertilizers [SRNF (bacterial, neem, and sulfur-coated urea and N loaded biochar)] and three N levels (100% = 148 kg N ha−1, 80% = 118 kg N ha−1, and 60% = 89 kg N ha−1) of recommended application (100%) for sunflower crop under arid climatic conditions. Results showed that neem-coated urea at 148 kg N ha−1 significantly enhanced crop growth rate (CGR) (19.16 g m−2 d−1) at 60–75 days after sowing (DAS); leaf area index (2.12, 3.62, 5.97, and 3.00) at 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAS; and total dry matter (14.27, 26.29, 122.67, 410, and 604.33 g m−2) at 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAS. Furthermore, higher values of net leaf photosynthetic rate (25.2 µmol m−2 s−1), transpiration rate (3.66 mmol s−1), and leaf stomatal conductance (0.39 mol m−2 s−1) were recorded for the same treatment. Similarly, neem-coated urea produced maximum achene yield (2322 kg ha−1), biological yield (9000 kg ha−1), and harvest index (25.8%) of the sunflower crop. Among various N fertilizers, neem-coated urea showed maximum NUE (20.20 kg achene yield kg−1 N applied) in comparison to other slow release N fertilizers. Similarly, nitrogen increment N60 showed maximum NUE (22.40 kg grain yield kg−1 N applied) in comparison to N80 and N100. In conclusion, neem-coated urea with 100% and 80% of recommended N would be recommended for farmers to get better sunflower productivity with sustainable production and to reduce the environmental nitrogen losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3), which has an optimal bandgap range and high absorption coefficient, is an attractive candidate for photovoltaic applications. Undoped and Cu-doped Bi2S3 thin films with different Cu content have been deposited by the solution growth technique. Bismuth nitrate and thioacetamide were used as bismuth and sulfur precursors, while ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid was used as the complexing agent. The results show that all the deposited thin films are appreciated absorbers in the UV–Vis region. Results from the spectrophotometer showed that values of refractive index (n) ranged between 1.4 and 1.8 with an extinction coefficient (k) of 0.12–0.42. PL analysis showed a strong characteristic peak of Bi2S3 at 555 nm while the intensity gradually reduces with increasing Cu2+ content. Parental intrinsic defects of orthorhombic Bi2S3 make it an n-type charge carrier which incorporates Cu2+ in the orthorhombic crystal phase. The crystal lattice also prefers to act as a donor by increasing the number of electron carriers in Bi2S3 thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID19 pandemic is one of the greatest modern global healthcare crises. The resultant morbidity and mortality of public and healthcare professionals has led to psychological impacts and economic repercussions. We set out to assess the concerns of doctors in training during this crisis. Methods: A questionnaire was developed and delivered via Survey Monkey to doctors in training from 27 March to 6 April 2020, 2 weeks prior to the expected surge in Ireland and UK. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was incorporated to gauge respondent stress as they prepared for the COVID19 impact. Results: A total of 285 participants engaged with 197 (69%) completing all questions. Almost 86% of respondents had been trained in donning and doffing personal protective equipment (PPE), and nearly 85% felt confident in the process. Overall, most respondents felt somewhat prepared (60%) or well prepared (20%) to treat COVID19 patients. However, 42% worried that their hospital would struggle, or not cope at all; in particular, 91% highlighted the risk of running out of PPE. Family health (86%), personal health (72%), and social life (47%) topped the list of junior doctor concerns. According to the PSS, the majority of respondents (62%) had moderate stress. Conclusions: This survey is the first to measure the concerns of doctors in training in Ireland as regards the COVID19 pandemic. Worries included PPE exhaustion and personal and family health. A significant majority had moderate stress. Additional supports for doctors in training are essential to aid stress and manage concerns better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grafting of cellulose using acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, and 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate has been achieved through a free radical polymerization process by using ammonium persulfate as a free radical facilitator and Lutensol-XL100 as an emulsifier. The grafted cellulose was made into a composite using carbon nanoparticles obtained from millet carbon soot. Grafted cellulose and its carbon nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, tensile strength, electrical conductivity, and biodegradation studies were carried out. A soil burial test revealed the biodegradation of cellulose grafted terpolymer nanocomposite. The controlled biodegradation of this composite may have potential applications as an advanced material in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution is the biggest concern among the scientific community due to the rapid increase in the industrial sector. The photocatalytic degradation of dyes using nanocomposites (NCs) has gained much attention for wastewater treatment. The NCs of polyorthoethylaniline (POEANI) with zinc oxide (ZnO) were fabricated through the chemical oxidative polymerization technique using orthoethylaniline monomer and nanoparticles of ZnO. The synthesized NCs were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, and XRD. The photocatalytic capability of ZnO/POEANI NCs was studied for the degradation of direct yellow 50 (DY50) in aqueous medium under sunlight. SEM analysis showed that the morphology of NCs as irregular clusters and zinc oxide was uniformly dispersed in the POEANI matrix. The maximum degradation of the dye DY50 was observed to be 68.8% after 110 min. The synthesized morphology of the materials can be confidently employed for the degradation of similar dyes in aqueous media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly (styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) (PSCMMA) has been formed in acetone by a solution polymerization route, and AlI3 salt was used as a flame-retarding additive. The thermal degradation of PSCMMA along with the AlI3 nanoadditive (AlI3 NA) was performed under an inert environment. The effect of different concentrations of AlI3 NA (1–5% w/w) on the thermal behavior of PSCMMA was studied. PSCMMA composites with AlI3 NA were formed in an acetone common solvent by varying the concentration of AlI3 NA from 0 to 5% by weight. The thermal degradation of PSCMMA was studied by using thermo-analytical techniques (TGA, DTG, DTA). Pure PSCMMA1 burns 5 times faster than PSCMMA6 nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Cu-doped ZnO NPs (xCZO) were formed by the coprecipitation route by changing the concentration of dopant Cu from 0 to 24% (w/w). Cu-doped ZnO nanocomposite with polyacrylamide microgel (PAM) was formed by incorporating xCZO NPs into the PAM microgel. The xCZO NP and xCZO/PAM nanocomposites were used for methyl blue (MB) dye degradation and disinfection under solar light. Among the xCZO NPs, 18% Cu-doped ZnO (18CZO) showed excellent MB degradation under solar light. So, 18CZO NPs were used for the formation of nanocomposite with PAM microgel which further enhanced the dye degradation rate due to high surface area and PAM microgel adsorption ability. 18CZO/PAM nanocomposite showed good cyclic stability, checked up to 5 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we demonstrate a plasmonic ultrahigh narrowband perfect absorber, which realizes an absorption intensity of up to 99.99% in the near-infrared electromagnetic spectrum regime. Different dimensional effects on absorption properties are studied using computer simulation technology (CST) with finite element method (FEM) solver. For both transverse electric (TE) and magnetic (TM) polarization, the absorber shows high stability over a wide range of incident angles. This ultrahigh absorption is attributed to synergy effect of magnetic resonance and surface plasmon resonance. Furthermore, the sensitivity goes to 300 nm/RIU for various refractive indices of different analytes. Our proposed absorber working wavelength is very close to the communication window of information; therefore, except for remarkable sensing abilities, it can also be well utilized in optoelectronic applications like optical switching, amplifiers, and all-optical plasmonic modulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Two-Armed Bernoulli Bandit (TABB) problem is an orthodox optimization dilemma in reinforcement learning discipline where a decision-maker or agent is repeatedly faced with a choice of two actions (options). Every time the agent selects an action, it receives a corresponding payoff from an unknown distribution. Thus, the agent must trade-off between exploration of new better action and exploitation of current best action. Content retrieval in Named Data Networks (NDN) commences with a consumer requesting the desired content by sending an Interest that hits multiple content sources over different paths. As the corresponding Interest arrives, the content sources respond by replying the matching Data to the requester. In this work, Data replying problem in NDN is considered a TABB problem, denoted as DTABB. Since numerous sources are available, a content source in DTABB can choose between responding with entire content and partial content once the corresponding Interest strikes. The best source is trained to answer with complete data, while other (sub-optimal) sources learn to react with partial (or payload-free) data. The proposed strategy is formulated from a source's viewpoint, which uses four prominent reinforcement learning algorithms: greedy, ε-greedy, Upper Confidence Bound (UCB1), and Gradient Bandit to select the optimal action. Eventually, the network picture converges to a point where a single source is exploited for whole data while others send only partial data. Thus, DTABB can substantially reduce the transmission overhead and enjoy a better user experience in terms of delay. DTABB is implemented in ndnSIM, which reveals that the proposed solution can reduce the communication overhead by up to 40% compared to the default strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bulk of literature has examined the asymmetric impact of renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions by using the advanced econometric approach. While the asymmetric role of renewable energy production in the CO2 equation is largely unknown, our present study quantifies the asymmetric relationship between renewable energy production, natural resources, economic progress, and CO2 emission for Pakistan by using the NARDL approach. It is found that positive change in renewable energy production has a positive effect on CO2 emissions, while a negative change in renewable energy production has a negative effect on CO2 emissions in the long run. Furthermore, a positive and negative change in natural resources contributes negatively to CO2 emissions in the long run. The results reveal that a positive change in economic progress significantly increases CO2 emissions in the long run. Based on findings, Pakistan's government should encourage local and international investors to increase their investment in the production of renewable energy by reducing environmental degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wave-packet dynamics in bounded systems manifests quantum recurrences at different time scales, namely, classical periodicity, quantum revivals, and fractional revivals. Here, we analyze the characteristics of the wave-packet evolution in a special class of quantum systems with position-dependent mass. Such systems are of fundamental interest in many areas, for instance, condensed matter, mathematical physics, and foundations of quantum mechanics. We explore the effect of position-dependence on wavepacket quantum recurrences by theoretic investigation of the temporal evolution of the position-space probability density and autocorrelation function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binary bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) and ternary aluminum-doped bismuth sulfide (Al@Bi2S3) thin films were prepared by the chemical bath deposition method for photovoltaic applications. The newly designed materials synthesized at room temperature were thoroughly analyzed by several characterization techniques i.e., X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, optical absorption, thickness measurement, and Hall effect techniques. Correlation between structural, morphological, optical, electrical, and transport properties was evaluated. The parent material i.e., Bi2S3 is reported to have an orthorhombic phase, while doped derivatives revealed the amorphous phase. Optical band gaps in the range of 1.6–1.3 eV and absorption coefficients were found in the range of 104 to 106 cm−1. The thickness of the films changed with the change in the composition of the solution matrix and the films were well adhered, compact, and crack free. Hall measurements show that the dominant carriers in all studied compounds were electrons and that the carrier density for ternary films is almost two orders of magnitude greater than binary Bi2S3. The disorderliness in these newly designed materials is traced through the estimation of the change in the Urbach energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salinity and lead (Pb) contamination of soil are important environmental issues. A hydroponics experiment was performed to unravel the effects of salinity on modulation of Pb tolerance and phytoremediation potential of quinoa. Four-week-old plants of quinoa genotype "Puno" were treated with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 150 and 300 mM), Pb (0, 250 and 500 μM) and their combinations. It was noticed that plant biomass, chlorophyll contents and stomatal conductance of quinoa were slightly affected at 150 mM NaCl or 250 μM Pb. However, the higher concentrations of NaCl (300 mM) and Pb (500 μM) caused significant decline in these attributes. The accumulation of Na in quinoa increased under the combined application of salt with highest level of Pb. The uptake of K was not affected at the lower levels of either salinity or Pb, but decreased significantly at their highest levels. The combination of salinity and Pb increased H2O2 contents and caused lipid peroxidation that was mitigated by the activation of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase). The activities of these enzymes increased by 4-, 3.75-, 5.4- and 2-fold, respectively, in the combined application of 500 μM Pb and 300 mM NaCl with respect to control. A multivariate analysis indicated that Pb tolerance potential of quinoa under combined application of NaCl and Pb was higher at 150 than 300 mM NaCl. The bioconcentration factor and translocation factor for Pb remained less than one either in the absence or presence of salinity. Lead accumulation and tolerance potential indicated that quinoa genotype "Puno" is suitable for phytostabilization of Pb under saline conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Crowdfunding is the internet practice of funding a project or person by requesting online monetary donations from people. We set out to analyse the current non-US GoFundMe cancer pages in order to get deeper understanding of this unregulated activity. Methods: We identified 150 non-US GoFundMe webpages between November 2019 and January 2020. Data collected included clinicopathological details such as age, gender, cancer type and stage of the disease along with other parameters. Results: Of 150 pages reviewed, 83% requestors were adults, 64% were female and the median age was 33 years (2–60). The majority of requestors had brain cancer, followed by breast cancer and ovarian cancer. The median amount of money requested was €48,205 (€1171–€588,759). The majority of pages were from the UK (59%) and Ireland (16%). Financial support for cancer patients was the largest group identified (25%). Requests for immunotherapy were the second most common (21%) followed by alternative therapies (19%) and funding for anticancer drug not financed by specific health system but approved elsewhere (12%). The largest amount of money requested was for immunotherapy (median €187,064). Conclusion: Our GoFundMe analysis has identified that crowdfunding platforms are predominantly used for requesting financial support, but worryingly, a large proportion are requesting immunotherapy for unlicensed indications and alternative therapies with no evidence. Future efforts to improve patient education, and possibly online donation page regulation, are required to better manage this route of cancer funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frigida genes play a key role in regulating flowering time in plants. In this study, we identified 12 PmFRL genes and named them according to their chromosomal positions. These genes are unevenly distributed on five chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis of Frigida-like proteins of four Rosaceae species and Arabidopsis thaliana showed that these proteins could be divided into five subfamilies (I–V), and subfamily I (FRI) was absent in Rosaceae species. To further reveal the potential functions of these proteins, we performed duplication analysis and found three tandem duplication events and one segmental duplication event. Tandem duplication promoted the expansion and evolution of the PmFRL genes. RNA-seq analysis showed that the PmFRL genes were expressed in different tissues, but there were significant differences in the expression of some genes during dormancy. RT-qPCR results supported the RNA-seq results, suggesting that PmFRL genes may be involved in the regulation of dormancy in Japanese apricot. In conclusion, our comprehensive analysis provides information on the evolution and possible functions of PmFRL genes, laying a foundation for further research on the PmFRL family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]