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This paper synthesized a stytypyridine (LSL-030-bd) resin with small particle size and uniform distribution to recover molybdenum resources leached during neutral in-situ leaching of uranium. The batch experiment results show that the LSL-030-bd ion exchange resin produced had the highest U(VI) adsorption capacity at pH 7.0, reaching 187.20 mg·g−1. At pH 3.0, LSL-030-bd resin adsorbed 180.17 mg·g−1 of Mo(VI). At pH 7.0, the resin exhibited the highest separation coefficient for uranium and molybdenum, with a KD value of 9.08. The resin's adsorption of U(VI) is a spontaneous endothermic process involving monolayer adsorption that combines physical and chemical adsorption. The adsorption of Mo(VI) by the resin is an exothermic process that is not spontaneous. It involves monomolecular layer adsorption with hydrogen bonding as the primary chemical force. By desorbing molybdenum with NH4SCN, followed by utilizing a mixed solution of NH4HCO3 and (NH4)2CO3 to desorb uranium, a step-by-step desorption process may be achieved to separate and purify uranium and molybdenum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rock mass cracks caused by the surge of water pressure may become an important part of the water inrush channel. A large number of weak vibration signals will be induced during the hydraulic fracturing process. The source signal can be obtained by monitoring technology such as microseismic (MS) or acoustic emission. In the paper, the disaster-causing mechanism of water inrush disaster in tunnels is analyzed. The relationship between water inrush disaster and microseism is established. The main MS event is fracture development in the rock mass progressive failure water inrush. The main MS event is the impact activity of fillings and channel rock wall driven by water flow in the filling structure instability water inrush. The hydraulic fracturing test of rock-like materials is carried out. The effectiveness of acoustic emission (AE) monitoring technology is verified by comparing the fracture shape and AE positioning results. This study provides a theoretical basis for monitoring and early warning of water inrush disaster. At the same time, this research idea can provide reference for the study of engineering geological disasters such as large deformation and rockburst, and provide strong support for the safety construction of major infrastructure projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH) is an important risk factor for postoperative complications after laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD). Recent studies have reported that the use of ligamentum teres hepatis (LTH) in LPD may reduce the risk of PPH. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether wrapping the hepatic hilar artery with the LTH can reduce PPH after LPD. We reviewed the data of 131 patients who underwent LPD in our team from April 2018 to December 2023. The patients were divided into Groups A (60 patients) and B (71 patients) according to whether the hepatic portal artery was wrapped or not. The perioperative data of the two groups were compared to evaluate the effect of LTH wrapping the hepatic hilar artery on LPD. The platelet count of Group A was (225.25 ± 87.61) × 10^9/L, and that of Group B was (289.38 ± 127.35) × 10^9/L, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). The operation time of group A [300.00 (270.00, 364.00)] minutes was shorter than that of group B [330.00 (300.00, 360.00)] minutes, p = 0.037. In addition, A set of postoperative hospital stay [12.00 (10.00, 15.00)] days shorter than group B [15.00 (12.00, 19.50)] days, p < 0.001. No PPH occurred in Group A, while 8 patients in Group B had PPH (7 cases of gastroduodenal artery hemorrhage and 1 case of proper hepatic artery hemorrhage), p = 0.019. The new technique of wrapping the hepatic hilar artery through the LTH can effectively reduce the occurrence of PPH after LPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of material failure behavior not only involves defining its limits and underlying mechanisms but also entails devising strategies for improvement and protection in extreme conditions. We've pioneered an advanced multi-scale, high-speed ascending thermal shock testing platform capable of inducing unprecedented heat shocks at rates surpassing 105 °C/s. Through meticulous examination of the thermal shock responses of carbon nanotube (CNT) films, we've achieved remarkable breakthroughs. By employing an innovative macro-scale synchronous tightening and relaxing approach, we've attained a critical temperature differential in CNT films that exceeds an exceptional 2500 °C—surpassing any previously reported metric for high-performance, thermal-shock-resistant materials. Notably, these samples have demonstrated exceptional resilience, retaining virtually unchanged strength even after enduring 10,000 thermal shock cycles at temperatures exceeding 1000 °C. Furthermore, our research has revealed a novel thermal shock/fatigue failure mechanism that fundamentally diverges from conventional theories centered on thermal stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores migrasomes' role in neuroblastoma, a common malignant tumor in children, and their potential impact on tumor formation. We analyzed neuroblastoma RNA-seq datasets from public databases, including GSE62564, GSE181559, target, and fwr144. Through data normalization and unsupervised classification using migrasome-specific molecular markers, Differentially Expressed Genes were identified, followed by functional enrichment analysis. Our novel migrasome-associated machine learning model, MigScore, was developed using ten algorithms and 101 combinations, validated on two single-cell datasets. This enabled immune infiltration assessment and drug compatibility prediction, highlighting the utility of MS275, a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Results showed a significant inverse relationship between MigScore and favorable clinical outcomes, elucidating the link between migrasome pathways and tumor immunogenicity. These findings suggest that migrasomes are crucial in neuroblastoma prognosis, leading to the possibility of personalized treatment strategies and improved outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The body–brain axis is emerging as a principal conductor of organismal physiology. It senses and controls organ function1,2, metabolism3 and nutritional state4–6. Here we show that a peripheral immune insult strongly activates the body–brain axis to regulate immune responses. We demonstrate that pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines communicate with distinct populations of vagal neurons to inform the brain of an emerging inflammatory response. In turn, the brain tightly modulates the course of the peripheral immune response. Genetic silencing of this body–brain circuit produced unregulated and out-of-control inflammatory responses. By contrast, activating, rather than silencing, this circuit affords neural control of immune responses. We used single-cell RNA sequencing, combined with functional imaging, to identify the circuit components of this neuroimmune axis, and showed that its selective manipulation can effectively suppress the pro-inflammatory response while enhancing an anti-inflammatory state. The brain-evoked transformation of the course of an immune response offers new possibilities in the modulation of a wide range of immune disorders, from autoimmune diseases to cytokine storm and shock.The body–brain axis regulates body pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses following an immune insult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LHPP has been shown to be a new tumor suppressor, and has a tendency to be under-expressed in a variety of cancers. Oncolytic virotheray is a promising therapeutics for lung cancer in recent decade years. Here we successfully constructed a new recombinant oncolytic adenovirus GD55-LHPP and investigated the effect of GD55-LHPP on the growth of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that LHPP had lower expression in either lung cancer cells or clinical lung cancer tissues compared with normal cells or tissues, and GD55-LHPP effectively mediated LHPP expression in lung cancer cells. GD55-LHPP could effectively inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cell lines and rarely affected normal cell growth. Mechanically, the oncolytic adenovirus GD55-LHPP was able to induce stronger apoptosis of lung cancer cells compared with GD55 through the activation of caspase signal pathway. Notably, GD55-LHPP also activated autophagy-related signal pathway. Further, GD55-LHPP efficiently inhibited tumor growth in lung cancer xenograft in mice and prolonged animal survival rate compared with the control GD55 or PBS. In conclusion, the novel construct GD55-LHPP provides a valuable strategy for lung cancer-targeted therapy and develop the role of tumor suppress gene LHPP in lung cancer gene therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the chemiluminescence (CL) induced by carbon nanodots (CDs) has intrigued researchers' extensive interests in various applications due to its special light emission principle. However, the difficulty of synthesizing chemiluminescent CDs with full-spectrum emission severely hinders the further regulation of the CL emission mechanism. Herein, the multi-color-emissive chemiluminescent CDs are rational designed and further synthesized by regulating the sp2-hybrid core and sp3-hybrid surface from the citrate-ammonia molecular in a single solvothermal reaction. More experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal that the higher temperature can promote the crosslinking polymerization/carbonization of carbon core and the higher protonation of solvent can determine the core size of final CDs, resulting in the variant CL emission from molecular-, crosslinking- and core-states. Thus, the CL emission of the CDs can be further synthesized by tuning the luminescence chromophores in the formation process via regulating the temperature and solvent, enabling the applications of the CL CDs in illumination and information encryption. This study paves a new technology to understand the luminescence of CDs and affords an industry translational potential over traditional chemiluminescent molecular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emulsion polymerization is an effective means of synthesizing high-molecular-weight polymers in order to reduce the consumption of fossil energy. This paper adopts isoamyl octanoate to replace white oil as the continuous phase of emulsion polymerization to synthesize the high molecular weight polyacrylamide emulsion RSE. S-80 and T-80 were chosen as the emulsifiers, and the test results showed that the HLB value is 5.72 when S-80/T-80 is 6.5. When S-80/T-80 is 6.5, the HLB value is 5.72. Water and isoamyl octanoate can produce ultra-low interfacial tension and stable arrangement in the interfacial membrane to form a stable emulsion, and the particle size is uniformly distributed in a normal manner. The test of the exothermic process of polymerization shows that the emulsion can be stabilized into nuclei, and polyacrylamide polymers with a molar mass of more than 18 million are obtained. The microstructure test observes that RSE molecules are in an aggregated state in the aqueous solution. A three-dimensional spatial network structure is formed, and the polymerization can be stabilized in a three-dimensional network structure after 120 °C, 170 s−1 shear, which still has good stability. After the variable shear performance test proved that the aqueous solution of RSE belongs to the typical non-Newtonian fluids, to shock test the viscoelasticity of different concentrations of RSE polymer, G′ > G″, the RSE solution to elasticity is dominant. In this paper, the capacity to form stable emulsions of isoamyl octanoate in the emulsion polymerization process is investigated to provide a basis for seeking the selection of a continuous phase with little environmental pollution and high functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It remains a challenge to obtain biocompatible afterglow materials with long emission wavelengths, durable lifetimes, and good water solubility. Herein we develop a photooxidation strategy to construct near-infrared afterglow carbon nanodots with an extra-long lifetime of up to 5.9 h, comparable to that of the well-known rare-earth or organic long-persistent luminescent materials. Intriguingly, size-dependent afterglow lifetime evolution from 3.4 to 5.9 h has been observed from the carbon nanodots systems in aqueous solution. With structural/ultrafast dynamics analysis and density functional theory simulations, we reveal that the persistent luminescence in carbon nanodots is activated by a photooxidation-induced dioxetane intermediate, which can slowly release and convert energy into luminous emission via the steric hindrance effect of nanoparticles. With the persistent near-infrared luminescence, tissue penetration depth of 20 mm can be achieved. Thanks to the high signal-to-background ratio, biological safety and cancer-specific targeting ability of carbon nanodots, ultralong-afterglow guided surgery has been successfully performed on mice model to remove tumor tissues accurately, demonstrating potential clinical applications. These results may facilitate the development of long-lasting luminescent materials for precision tumor resection.Biocompatible afterglow materials have potential in imaging applications, but are challenging to prepare. Here the authors report the development of carbon nanodots with near-infrared afterglow, and demonstrate their use in imaging for tumour resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The DC photocurrent can detect the topology and geometry of quantum materials without inversion symmetry. Herein, we propose that the DC shot noise (DSN), as the fluctuation of photocurrent operator, can also be a diagnostic of quantum materials. Particularly, we develop the quantum theory for DSNs in gapped systems and identify the shift and injection DSNs by dividing the second-order photocurrent operator into off-diagonal and diagonal contributions, respectively. Remarkably, we find that the DSNs can not be forbidden by inversion symmetry, while the constraint from time-reversal symmetry depends on the polarization of light. Furthermore, we show that the DSNs also encode the geometrical information of Bloch electrons, such as the Berry curvature and the quantum metric. Finally, guided by symmetry, we apply our theory to evaluate the DSNs in monolayer GeS and bilayer MoS2 with and without inversion symmetry and find that the DSNs can be larger in centrosymmetric phase. The bulk photovoltaic effect and DC photocurrent generation can be used to detect topology and geometry in non-centrosymmetric quantum materials. Here, the authors theoretically propose the detection of DC shot noise as a diagnostic tool for the characterization of the band quantum geometry under relaxed symmetry conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harvesting bio-kinetic energy using a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is one of the promising routes to solve the sustainable energy supply problem for wearable electronics. However, additional materials, complex fabricating processes or specific mechanical structures are needed for existing TENGs to harvest bio-kinetic energy. Besides, they need to be tightly attached to the human body, which may result in detachment and malfunction under tense human motion. Herein, an intrinsic epidermal electrode-based TENG (E-TENG) is proposed to harvest human walking energy. The wearing shoes and ground are used as tribo-materials, and the human epidermis is used as the back electrode of the E-TENG. Compared with the traditional TENGs, the E-TENG does not need any additional tribo-materials and complex mechanical structures. Under optimal conditions, the voltage output of E-TENG can reach 914 V. E-TENG has been used as a self-powered warning sensor and pedometer sensor for demonstration. Furthermore, E-TENG based self-powered wireless sensor system has been developed using a newly designed micro energy electronic switch (MEES). Ambient ultraviolet intensity, temperature and humidity information can be monitored and then transmitted to mobile phone every 3.5 min, demonstrating great potential for widespread wearable applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to aging-related cardiovascular diseases by promoting arterial remodelling and stiffness. Ferroptosis is a novel type of regulated cell death associated with lipid oxidation. Here, we show that pro-ferroptosis signaling drives VSMCs senescence to accelerate vascular NAD+ loss, remodelling and aging. Pro-ferroptotic signaling is triggered in senescent VSMCs and arteries of aged mice. Furthermore, the activation of pro-ferroptotic signaling in VSMCs not only induces NAD+ loss and senescence but also promotes the release of a pro-senescent secretome. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of pro-ferroptosis signaling, ameliorates VSMCs senescence, reduces vascular stiffness and retards the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice. Mechanistically, we revealed that inhibition of pro-ferroptotic signaling facilitates the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of proliferator-activated receptor-γ and, thereby impeding nuclear receptor coactivator 4-ferrtin complex-centric ferritinophagy. Finally, the activated pro-ferroptotic signaling correlates with arterial stiffness in a human proof-of-concept study. These findings have significant implications for future therapeutic strategies aiming to eliminate vascular ferroptosis in senescence- or aging-associated cardiovascular diseases. Ferroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death associated with lipid oxidation. Here, the authors demonstrate that the proferroptosis signal is activated and drives vascular aging by inducing senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Compressibility and cracking potential are two main problems commonly associated with clay soils. Previous studies have proven that lime is useful in improving the shear strength and compressibility of clay. However, it also increases the brittleness of the soil, leading to a higher potential for crack formation when subjected to repetitive wetting and drying cycles. The present study attempted to explore the potential of using an ancient construction material, namely glutinous rice slurry, to improve the compressibility and cracking potential of pure kaolin and lime-treated kaolin. The lime concentration was fixed at 10%, while the glutinous rice slurry was prepared at concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. The soil samples were subjected to Atterberg limit tests, 1D consolidation tests, and desiccation tests. The results showed that the lime-treated kaolin yielded the most improved plasticity behavior (the plasticity index was reduced from 17.9 to 7.8). The compressibility of the kaolin was best improved by adding 2% of glutinous rice slurry only. The compression index of the soil was successfully reduced from 0.158 to 0.079. The desiccation test indicated that the lime-treated kaolin showed a great tendency towards large crack formation, while the glutinous rice slurry-improved kaolin exhibited a great tendency towards swelling/shrinkage when subjected to repetitive wetting and drying cycles. The kaolin treated with 10% lime and 2% glutinous rice slurry showed the greatest resilience towards crack formation. Despite the fact that the combination of lime and glutinous rice slurry did not yield the greatest improvement in soil compressibility, the glutinous rice slurry was capable of neutralizing the brittleness caused by lime, while creating strong bonds in the soil to resist surface tension, shrink and swell behavior, and reduce soil compressibility. The compression index of the glutinous rice slurry-improved lime-treated kaolin was 25% lower than that of the pure kaolin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accurate determination of uranium content in geological samples is extremely important for the exploration and development of uranium resources. In this study, based on titration method for the determination of uranium content of the nuclear industry standard test, the pretreatment process such as sample dissolution, sample dissolution reagent and test method has been improved according to the characteristics of geological samples. The results showed that the sample was moistened with water before acid treatment, and the dissolving vessel was adjusted from 100 mL beaker to 150 mL triangle flask, which basically avoided the problem of sputtering during the boiling process. The amount of phosphoric acid added in the sample dissolution reagent was increased to ensure that the ferrous could completely reduce the hexavalent uranium in the sample at the appropriate phosphoric acid concentration, and the low measurement result caused by the low phosphoric acid concentration is avoided. In the test, the amount of reducing agent ferrous sulfate is changed to 1 mL, and the amount of sodium nitrite was changed to 3–4 drops, which improved the sensitivity of titration endpoint and realized clear determination of titration end point. The RSD of the improved test method is better than 2.5%, and the standard recovery is between 99 and 102%. The results are accurate and reliable, can meet the needs of scientific research and production. It can provide technical support for uranium exploration and natural uranium production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contribute to the intimal hyperplasia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention. We aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA 1 (CDKN2B-AS1) in VSMC proliferation and migration, as well as the underlying mechanism. T2DM model mice with carotid balloon injury were used in vivo and mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (MOVAS) stimulated by insulin were used in vitro to assess the role of CDKN2B-AS1 in VSMC proliferation and migration following vascular injury in T2DM state. To investigate cell viability and migration, MTT assay and Transwell assay were conducted. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA-pull down, co-immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed. In vivo, CDKN2B-AS1 was up-regulated in common carotid artery tissues. In vitro, insulin treatment increased CDKN2B-AS1 level, enhanced MOVAS cell proliferation and migration, while the promoting effect was reversed by CDKN2B-AS1 knockdown. CDKN2B-AS1 forms a complex with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and DNA methyltransferase (cytosine-5) 1 (DNMT1) to regulate smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α) methylation levels. In insulin-stimulated cells, SM22α knockdown abrogated the inhibitory effect of CDKN2B-AS1 knockdown on cell viability and migration. Injection of lentivirus-sh-CDKN2B-AS1 relieved intimal hyperplasia in T2DM mice with carotid balloon injury. Up-regulation of CDKN2B-AS1 induced by insulin promotes cell proliferation and migration by targeting SM22α through forming a complex with EZH2 and DNMT1, thereby aggravating the intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury in T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to summarize the misdiagnosis and treatment of corneal complications associated with suture exposure in cases of buried-suture double-eyelid blepharoplasty. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 14 patients with palpebral conjunctival and corneal complications due to suture exposure after buried-suture double-eyelid blepharoplasty at the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2020 to July 2022. The patients' clinical symptoms included photophobia, lacrimation, pain, foreign body sensation, swelling of the eyelids, conjunctival hyperemia, secretion, etc. We recorded the patient's sex, age, surgical method, length of exposed suture, suture type, number of double-eyelid surgeries, surgical site, timepoint when eye discomfort occurred, misdiagnosed disease and treatment. Results: Three patients were misdiagnosed with dry eye, nine patients were misdiagnosed with viral keratitis, and two patients were misdiagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis. All 14 patients had manifestations of photophobia, lacrimation, pain, foreign body sensation and conjunctival hyperemia. Eight patients had manifestations of swelling of the eyelids. Five patients had manifestations of eye secretions. There were 8 patients with corneal epithelial injuries and 6 patients with corneal ulcers. All patients underwent suture removal without further progression. Ten patients were treated with artificial tears, and 4 patients were treated with calf serum deproteinized gel after suture removal. Conclusion: If there is postoperative eye discomfort caused by eyelid and corneal complications in patients after buried-suture double-eyelid blepharoplasty, clinicians should carefully check whether there is suture exposure and determine the cause in a timely manner. Suture removal is the best way to treat this complication. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With potent herbicidal activity, biocatalysis synthesis of l-glufosinate has drawn attention. In present research, NAP-Das2.3, a deacetylase capable of stereoselectively resolving N-acetyl-l-glufosinate to l-glufosinate mined from Arenimonas malthae, was heterologously expressed and characterized. In Escherichia coli, NAP-Das2.3 activity only reached 0.25 U/L due to the formation of inclusive bodies. Efficient soluble expression of NAP-Das2.3 was achieved in Pichia pastoris. In shake flask and 5 L bioreactor fermentation, NAP-Das2.3 activity by recombinant P. pastoris reached 107.39 U/L and 1287.52 U/L, respectively. The optimum temperature and pH for N-acetyl-glufosinate hydrolysis by NAP-Das2.3 were 45 °C and pH 8.0, respectively. The Km and Vmax of NAP-Das2.3 towards N-acetyl-glufosinate were 25.32 mM and 19.23 μmol mg−1 min−1, respectively. Within 90 min, 92.71% of L-enantiomer in 100 mM racemic N-acetyl-glufosinate was converted by NAP-Das2.3. l-glufosinate with high optical purity (e.e.P above 99.9%) was obtained. Therefore, the recombinant NAP-Das2.3 might be an alternative for l-glufosinate biosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Known for its species abundance and evolutionary status complexity, family Roseobacteraceae is an important subject of many studies on the discovery, identification, taxonomic status, and ecological properties of marine bacteria. This study compared and analyzed the phylogenetic, genomic, biochemical, and chemo taxonomical properties of seven species from three genera (Psychromarinibacter, Lutimaribacter, and Maritimibacter) of the family Roseobacteraceae. Moreover, a novel strain, named C21-152T was isolated from solar saltern sediment in Weihai, China. The values of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the average nucleotide identity (ANI), the average amino acid identity (AAI), and the digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) between genomes of the novel strain and Psychromarinibacter halotolerans MCCC 1K03203T were 97.19, 78.49, 73.45, and 21.90%, respectively. Genome sequencing of strain C21-152T revealed a complete Sox enzyme system related to thiosulfate oxidization as well as a complete pathway for the final conversion of hydroxyproline to α-ketoglutarate. In addition, strain C21-152T was resistant to many antibiotics and had the ability to survive below 13% salinity. This strain had versatile survival strategies in saline environments including salt-in, compatible solute production and compatible solute transport. Some of its physiological features enriched and complemented the knowledge of the characteristics of the genus Psychromarinibacter. Optimum growth of strain C21-152T occurred at 37 ℃, with 5–6% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.5. According to the results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic characterization, phylogenetic properties and genome analysis, strain C21-152T should represent a novel specie of the genus Psychromarinibacter, for which the name Psychromarinibacter sediminicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C21-152T (= MCCC 1H00808T = KCTC 92746T = SDUM1063002T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The machine-learning algorithm is a technology that can learn from data. It can solve some problems that are difficult for humans to design and use deterministic programs. Among the available machine-learning algorithms for solving these problems, the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) algorithm is well known because it only needs to set the number of the network hidden layer nodes and could generate a unique optimal solution. And, due to the randomness of its connection weights and thresholds, the simulated effect is random. Therefore, the selection of weights and thresholds needs to be optimized. In this paper, an enhanced ELM model is proposed to model the large-signal characteristics of GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs). The Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) is used to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of the ELM algorithm, which significantly improves the prediction ability. Moreover, the SSA algorithm has the characteristics of strong optimization ability and fast convergence speed, which greatly improves the feasibility of model training. Through comparing the training effects of the SSA-ELM model and the ELM model, it can be seen that the proposed SSA-ELM model improves the ability of the ELM model to simulate the large-signal characteristics of GaN HEMTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a three-dimensional calculation model of the staggered assembly of a shield tunnel was established to investigate the impact of the surface surcharge load on invert-filling disengaging of a shield tunnel. The accuracy of the modeling method was confirmed through a full-scale test. This model was used to analyze the invert-filling disengaging process under various surcharge loads, and investigate the relationship among shield tunnel settlement, deformation, and invert-filling disengaging indicators (disengaging ratio and invert-filling separation). The findings demonstrate that, (1) along with the tunnel's convergence deformation, the disengaging ratio and invert-filling separation have the characteristics of being "large in the middle and small at both ends." The tunnel settlement because of the surcharge load follows a Gaussian distribution. (2) The disengaging ratio and invert-filling separation are correlated, and the logarithmic function and the BiDoseResp function can be used to explain this correlation. As the separation widens, the disengaging ratio's development becomes more variable. The disengaging ratio development trend was gradually approached when the separation reached approximately 2–3 mm. (3) The relationship between the tunnel settlement, deformation, and two invert-filling indicators can be described by a polynomial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computational thinking (CT) skills of pre-service teachers have been explored extensively, but the effectiveness of CT training has yielded mixed results in previous studies. Thus, it is necessary to identify patterns in the relationships between predictors of CT and CT skills to further support CT development. This study developed an online CT training environment as well as compared and contrasted the predictive capacity of four supervised machine learning algorithms in classifying the CT skills of pre-service teachers using log data and survey data. First, the results show that Decision Tree outperformed K-Nearest Neighbors, Logistic Regression, and Naive Bayes in predicting pre-service teachers' CT skills. Second, the participants' time spent on CT training, prior CT skills, and perceptions of difficulty regarding the learning content were the top three important predictors in this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote mountainous villages are at risk of falling back into poverty, despite having been lifted out of extreme poverty. However, there has been a lack of focus on the factors contributing to poverty-return in these villages, which making it difficult to understand the risks and their underlying causes. This study investigates the spatial distribution of 546 key assistance villages (KAVs) in the Liangshan mountainous region, a former poverty-stricken area, using the average nearest neighbor (ANN) and kernel density estimation (KDE) methods. Linear regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models are then employed to analyze the relationship between the KAVs' economy and potential poverty-returning factors. The results show that KAVs are primarily located in elevation ranges of 1800–2500 m (31.87%), with slopes of 6°–15° (42.67%) and 2–3 km from the township (28.94%). The distribution of KAVs exhibits distinct spatial clustering, forming four gathering areas. Several factors impact the KAVs' economy positively, including the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), built-up area, grassland, and education facilities, while elevation has a negative effect. The built-up area has the most critical impact on the rural economy, followed by NDVI and elevation. Additionally, education facilities and grassland areas also have significant effects. The study suggests promoting the Ex-situ Poverty Alleviation Relocation Program (ESPARP) and increasing rural built-up areas, grasslands, and educational facilities as practical measures for preventing poverty return and promoting economic development promotion in remote mountain villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of heavy metals in sewage treatment systems has gained more attention with the increase in heavy metal hazards. Tubificidae in sludge reduction have been widely studied; however, little is known about the effect of Tubificidae in the treatment of Cr-containing wastewater. In this study, the mechanism of Tubificidae in the sludge reduction system with Cr stress was studied. Predation experiments by Tubificidae in a Cr-containing sludge reduction system were conducted to investigate the changes in enzyme activities in the Tubificidae under different concentrations of Cr, and the distribution of Cr in the sludge reduction reactor was analyzed. The kinetic model of uptake and elimination of Cr in Tubificidae was established. The results showed that the maximum activation multiplier factor of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was 1.95 under the low concentration of Cr(VI), which indicated that Tubificidae had a certain detoxification. After the effect of Tubificidae on Cr(VI) experiments, the Cr concentrations in Tubificidae, sludge, and feces increased first and then decreased with exposure time, and the proportion of total Cr and Cr(VI) in the sludge decreased from 71.98% and 42.7% to 29.18% and 6.82%, respectively. The detoxification mechanism of the Tubificidae could be activated with Cr stress, and 63.22% of the Cr(VI) was converted to Cr(III). The bioconcentration factor (BCF) for theoretical equilibrium was 446, the maximum bioaccumulation factor (BAF) reached 0.97 on the 15th day. It can be seen that Tubificidae could be considered a good scavenger of environmental Cr(VI). The hyperbolic model fits the process of Cr uptake and elimination well and can be used as a predictive tool for Tubificidae accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics and dynamics of the uniform momentum zones (UMZs) on a smooth surface and a superhydrophobic (SHPo) surface in a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) are studied using two-dimensional time-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) at Reτ = uτδ/υ= 528 (where uτ is the wall friction velocity, δ is the thickness of the boundary layer, and υ is the kinematic viscosity of water). The turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) is detected by the local turbulent kinetic energy deficit to remove the region of non-turbulent flow. Then the UMZs are detected from the probability density functions (PDFs) of the instantaneous streamwise velocity in the turbulent region. The characteristics of the UMZs are studied using two classification methods to summarize its development and evolution in the TBL. The effects of the SHPo surface on the characteristics of the UMZs are investigated by comparison. The instantaneous flow fields are classified according to the number of the UMZs contained. The connection between the height of the TNTI and the number of zones contained in the flow fields is summarized. The influence of UMZs on turbulence dynamics is investigated. The behaviors of ejections/sweeps and their contributions to Reynolds stress are discussed categorically using quadrant analysis as well as conditional average. The corresponding differences on the SHPo surface are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large scale multi-objective optimization problems often involve hundreds or thousands of decision variables. Regular methods tend to divide decision variables into multiple groups by identifying the contributions to objectives. However, they may suffer from a large computational budget prior to the start of optimization, resulting in a less computational budget for the actual optimization of problems. Different from them, this paper proposes an adaptive variance vector strategy, which is able to identify convergence-related and diversity-related variables by the variance features of variables in the decision space. The adaptive variance vector not only consumes no additional computational budget, but also is proved to be empirically effective in categorizing decision variables. Based on the adaptive variance vector strategy, an adaptive variance vector-based evolutionary algorithm is designed for tackling large scale multi-objective optimization. Experimental results and empirical analyses on LSMOP and DTLZ test suites with up to 5000 decision variables demonstrate the effectiveness of the adaptive variance vector strategy in identifying the convergence-related and diversity-related variables, and the superiority of the proposed method over state-of-the-art methods in terms of the convergence and diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The periodic synthetic jet emerging from a circular orifice actively controls the turbulent boundary layer (TBL). A time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) system was designed to capture the velocity field database and based on the single-pixel ensemble correlation (SPEC) algorithm, an average drag reduction rate of 6.2% was obtained. The results show that the synthetic jet causes a wide range of low momentum zones and a low-speed streak in the downstream flow field. And the places where the disturbance intensity is strong are often accompanied by a larger velocity deficit. The instantaneous flow fields are visualized with the Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE), and the hairpin vortex packet composed of five hairpin vortices and the generation of new hairpin vortices are observed when there is no control. Under the action of the synthetic jet, the hairpin vortices are continuously generated from the jet orifice. The synthetic jet mainly achieves the drag reduction effect mainly by modulating the mean convection term cC and the spatial development term cD. The drag reduction effect appears in the region of x/δ0 > 0.38, and the maximum drag reduction rate is 12.2% at x/δ0 = 0.75, and then gradually decreased. Using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), it is found that the synthetic jet reduces the energy proportion of the large-scale energetic structures. After the conditional average, the synthetic jet limits the influence range of bursting events at various scales in the near-wall region, and weakens the normal transport of momentum and energy brought about by large-scale ejection events (Q2 events) and the wall friction resistance caused by large-scale sweep events (Q4 events). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miniaturized gas pumps based on electromagnetic effect have been intensively studied and widely applied in industries. However, the electromagnetic effect-based gas pumps normally have large sizes, high levels of noises and high power consumption, thus they are not suitable for wearable/portable applications. Herein, we propose a high-flowrate and high-pressure load valveless piezoelectric micropump with dimensions of 16 mm*16 mm*5 mm. The working frequency, vibration mode and displacement of the piezoelectric actuator, the velocity of gas flow, and the volume flowrate of the micropump are analyzed using the finite element analysis method. The maximum vibration amplitude of the piezoelectric actuator reaches ~29.4 μm. The output gas flowrate of the pump is approximately 135 mL/min, and the maximum output pressure exceeds 40 kPa. Then, a prototype of the piezoelectric micropump is fabricated. Results show that performance of the micropump is highly consistent with the numerical analysis with a high flowrate and pressure load, demonstrated its great potential for wearable/portable applications, especially for blood pressure monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have synthesized a series of PdCu bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) catalysts using the noble-metal-induced reduction process and investigated in detail by HRTEM, EDS mapping, XRD, and ICP-AES. More importantly, we also found that PdCu bimetallic NPs catalysts showed a compositional influence in the reaction of nitrobenzene reduction. When the palladium molar percentage of the PdCu NPs catalysts increases to more than 0.66, the main product is azoxybenzene. While the palladium molar percentage of the PdCu NPs catalysts dropped below 0.41, the main product is aniline. From the experimental results, the different catalytic results for nitrobenzene reduction could be attributed to the changes in the electronic structural and surface composition of the PdCu bimetallic NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One factor that shapes the establishment of early neonatal intestinal microbiota is environmental microbial exposure, and probiotic application has been shown to promote health and growth of piglets. Thus, this study hypothesized that environmental probiotic application in early days of life would be beneficial to newborn piglets. This study aimed to investigate the effect of spraying a compound probiotic fermented liquid (CPFL) into the living environment of piglets on their early growth performance and immunity. This work included 68 piglets, which were randomized into probiotic and control groups. Blood and fecal samples were collected at 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days of age. Spraying CPFL significantly reshaped the microbiota composition of the delivery room environment, increased piglets' daily weight gain and weaning weight (P<0.001), and modulated piglets' serum cytokine levels (increases in IgA, IgG, and IL-10; decrease in IFN-γ; P<0.05 in each case) in piglets. Additionally, spraying CPFL during early days of life modified piglets' gut microbiota structure and diversity, increased the abundance of some potentially beneficial bacteria (such as Bacteroides uniformis, Butyricimonas virosa, Parabacteroides distasonis, and Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens) and decreased the abundance of Escherichia coli (P<0.05). Interestingly, CPFL application also significantly enhanced the gut microbial bioactive potential and levels of several serum metabolites involved in the metabolism of vitamins (B2, B3, B6, and E), medium/long-chain fatty acids (caproic, tetradecanoic, and peptadecanoic acids), and dicarboxylic acids (azelaic and sebacic acids). Our study demonstrated that spraying CPFL significantly could improve piglets' growth performance and immunity, and the beneficial effects are associated with changes in the gut microbiota and host metabolism. Our study has provided novel data for future development of probiotic-based health-promoting strategies and expanded our knowledge of probiotic application in animal husbandry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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With the increasing operation mileage of urban rail transit, to ensure its operation safety, it is necessary to carry out health monitoring on the rail, tunnel, and other structures. How to capture the vibration energy generated by train operation and use it to monitor the power supply of sensors has become a research hotspot in recent years. In this paper, a new type of spherical energy harvester is designed for rubberized concrete tunnel invert-filling. Based on the calculation model of rubberized concrete tunnel invert-filling under train load, the vertical displacement, stress, voltage, and total electric energy are analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The spherical energy harvester is embedded in the rubberized concrete tunnel invert-filling in the form of an array, and the optimal position is 5 mm below the sleeper. (2) Ten energy harvesters are set up in the scope of a 6-m-long rubberized concrete tunnel invert-filling. The electric energy of the millijoule level can be generated when an A-type train of 8-vehicle formation passes by. If the departure interval of 5 min/trip is calculated, the total electric energy harvesting in 1 h is 122.4 mJ. (3) Rubberized concrete tunnel invert-filling is more conducive to energy harvesting than ordinary concrete tunnel invert-filling. When the content of rubber is 10%, the total electric energy harvesting by the energy harvester array inside the tunnel invert-filling is 5% higher than that of the ordinary concrete, and the mechanical performance indexes such as stress are within the safe range. The research results of this paper have reference value for further exploration of electric energy harvesting in the running environment of rail transit trains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrite–denitrification anaerobic methane oxidation (nitrite–DAMO) bacteria live in deep layers of freshwater sediments such as rivers and lakes. Humic acid (HA) usually exists in soil and sediments and can act as an electron shuttle or terminal electron acceptor to promote the redox biotransformation of metals and organic molecules. To determine the influence of humic acid on the nitrite–DAMO process, batch experiments were conducted to study the denitrification and methane oxidation capabilities of the nitrite–DAMO system under different humic acid concentrations. The results showed that the denitrification and methane oxidation capacity of the system was continuously promoted at 0–750 mg HA/L, reached the best at 750 mg HA/L, and was suppressed at humic acid concentrations higher than 750 mg HA/L. At 750 mg HA/L, the denitrification rate was 1.06 mg N/(L·d), and the methane oxidation rate was 0.68 mg/(L·d). Under the action of 750 mg/L humic acid, the effect of 15–40 mg N/L nitrite on the denitrification performance of the system was first promoted and then inhibited. When the nitrite concentration was 30 mg N/L, the denitrification rate was the highest, which was 1.15 mg/(L·d). The effect of 75–125 mg/L methane on the system was continuously promoted. When the methane concentration was 125 mg/L, the denitrification rate was 1.22 mg/(L·d). The kinetic analytical results showed that the prediction of the quantitative relationship between the nitrite–DAMO system and humic acid performed by the half-order substrate removal model resulted in a good fit. The denitrification process of the nitrite–DAMO system under the influence of 750 mg/L humic acid conformed to the Monod and Haldane models, and the theoretical optimum denitrification rate was 2.31 mg N/(L·d). Through the analysis of the thermodynamic state of the nitrite–DAMO system, the biomass yield of the nitrite–DAMO bacteria was obtained. The stoichiometric calculation results showed that humic acid (0–2000 mg/L) had a significant impact on the biomass yield of the nitrite–DAMO system. When the addition amount was 750 mg HA/L, the system biomass yield was the highest, but the actual biomass yield of the system was generally low in theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collagen, the highest content protein in the body, has irreplaceable biological functions, and it is widespread concerned in food, beauty, and medicine with great market demand. The gene encoding the recombinant type III human-like collagen α1 chain fragment was integrated into P. pastoris genome after partial amino acids were substituted. Combined with promoter engineering and high-density fermentation technology, soluble secretory expression with the highest yield of 1.05 g L−1 was achieved using two-stage feeding method, and the purity could reach 96% after affinity purification. The determination of N/C-terminal protein sequence were consistent with the theoretical expectation and showed the characteristics of Gly-X-Y repeated short peptide sequence. In amino acid analysis, glycine shared 27.02% and proline 23.92%, which were in accordance with the characteristics of collagen. Ultraviolet spectrum combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry demonstrated that the target product conformed to the characteristics of collagen spectrums and existed as homologous dimer and trimer in the broth. This work provided a sustainable and economically viable source of the recombinant type III human-like collagen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary cilia are antenna-like subcellular structures to act as signaling platforms to regulate many cellular processes and embryonic development. m1A RNA modification plays key roles in RNA metabolism and gene expression; however, the physiological function of m1A modification remains largely unknown. Here we find that the m1A demethylase ALKBH3 significantly inhibits ciliogenesis in mammalian cells by its demethylation activity. Mechanistically, ALKBH3 removes m1A sites on mRNA of Aurora A, a master suppressor of ciliogenesis. Depletion of ALKBH3 enhances Aurora A mRNA decay and inhibits its translation. Moreover, alkbh3 morphants exhibit ciliary defects, including curved body, pericardial edema, abnormal otoliths, and dilation in pronephric ducts in zebrafish embryos, which are significantly rescued by wild-type alkbh3, but not by its catalytically inactive mutant. The ciliary defects caused by ALKBH3 depletion in both vertebrate cells and embryos are also significantly reversed by ectopic expression of Aurora A mRNA. Together, our data indicate that ALKBH3-dependent m1A demethylation has a crucial role in the regulation of Aurora A mRNA, which is essential for ciliogenesis and cilia-associated developmental events in vertebrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: A stable laminated Al2O3/HfO2 insulator is developed by atomic layer deposition at a relatively lower temperature of 150 °C. The flexible thin-film transistors (TFTs) with bottom-gate top-contacted configuration are fabricated on a flexible substrate with the Al2O3/HfO2 insulator. The flexible TFTs present the carrier mobilities of 9.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, ON/OFF ratio of ~ 1.3 × 106, subthreshold voltage of 0.1 V, saturated current up to 0.83 mA, and subthreshold swing of 0.256 V dec−1. Flexible thin-film transistors (TFTs) have attracted wide interest in the development of flexible and wearable displays or sensors. However, the conventional high processing temperatures hinder the preparation of stable and reliable dielectric materials on flexible substrates. Here, we develop a stable laminated Al2O3/HfO2 insulator by atomic layer deposition at a relatively lower temperature of 150 °C. A sputtered amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) with the stoichiometry of In0.37Ga0.20Zn0.18O0.25 is used as the active channel material. The flexible TFTs with bottom-gate top-contacted configuration are further fabricated on a flexible polyimide substrate with the Al2O3/HfO2 nanolaminates. Benefited from the unique structural and compositional configuration in the nanolaminates consisting of amorphous Al2O3, crystallized HfO2, and the aluminate Al–Hf–O phase, the as-prepared TFTs present the carrier mobilities of 9.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, ON/OFF ratio of ~ 1.3 × 106, subthreshold voltage of 0.1 V, saturated current up to 0.83 mA, and subthreshold swing of 0.256 V dec−1, signifying a high-performance flexible TFT, which simultaneously able to withstand the bending radius of 40 mm. The TFTs with nanolaminate insulator possess satisfactory humidity stability and hysteresis behavior in a relative humidity of 60–70%, a temperature of 25–30 °C environment. The yield of IGZO-based TFTs with the nanolaminate insulator reaches 95%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying sleep state transitions is a fundamental goal of neurobiology and important for the development of new treatments for insomnia and other sleep disorders. Yet, brain circuits controlling this process remain poorly understood. Here we identify a population of sleep-active glutamatergic neurons in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) that project to the preoptic area (POA), a prominent sleep-promoting region, in mice. Microendoscopic calcium imaging demonstrate that these VLM glutamatergic neurons display increased activity during the transitions from wakefulness to Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep. Chemogenetic silencing of POA-projecting VLM neurons suppresses NREM sleep, whereas chemogenetic activation of these neurons promotes NREM sleep. Moreover, we show that optogenetic activation of VLM glutamatergic neurons or their projections in the POA initiates NREM sleep in awake mice. Together, our findings uncover an excitatory brainstem-hypothalamic circuit that controls the wake-sleep transitions. In this study, Teng et al. identify a population of glutamatergic neurons in the ventrolateral medulla that control Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep in mice. They uncover an excitatory brainstem-hypothalamic circuit that controls wake-sleep transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The prognostic value of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vessel hyperintensity (FVH) remains controversial in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The objective was to investigate whether the presence of FVH could predict long-term functional outcomes in patients with AIS receiving medical therapy. Methods: Consecutive AIS patients with anterior circulation large vessel stenosis (LVS) in multiple centers between January 2019 and December 2020 were studied. Presence of FVH was identified and evaluated as FVH (+). Quantification of FVH was performed using an FVH–Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) system and divided into grades: FVH-ASPECTS of 0 = grade 0; 1–2 = grade 1; 3–7 = grade 2. Poor functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin scale > 2 at 3 months. Results: Overall, 175 patients were analyzed (age, 64.31 ± 13.47 years; men, 65.1%), and 78.9% patients presented with FVH. Larger infarct volume (19.90 mL vs. 5.50 mL, p < 0.001), higher rates of FVH (+) (92.0% vs. 65.9%, p < 0.001), and higher FVH grades (grade 2, 34.5% vs. 10.2%, p < 0.001) were more prone to be observed in patients with poor functional outcomes. FVH (+) with infarct volume larger than 6.265 mL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82–19.98) and FVH grade (grade 1, aOR 3.07, 95% CI 1.12–8.43; grade 2, aOR 5.80, 95% CI 1.59–21.11) were independently associated with poor functional outcomes. Conclusion: FVH (+) combined with large infarct volume and high FVH grade can predict poor long-term functional outcomes in patients with LVS who receive medical therapy. Key Points: • FVH is expected to be a contrast agent–independent alternative for assessing hemodynamic status in the acute stage of stroke. • FVH (+) and high FVH grade, quantified by FVH–ASPECTS rating system and grades, are associated with large infarct volume. • The combination of FVH and DWI-based infarct volume has independent predictive value for long-term functional outcomes in AIS patients with large artery stenosis treated with medical therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ga2O3 has been regarded as a promising material for solar-blind detection due to its ultrawide bandgap and low growth cost. Although semiconductor microwires (MWs) possess unique optical and electronic characteristics, the performances of photodetectors developed from Ga2O3 MWs are still less than satisfactory. Herein, we demonstrate high-performance solar-blind photodetectors based on Sn-doped Ga2O3 MWs, possessing a light/dark current ratio of 107 and a responsivity of 2,409 A/W at 40 V. Moreover, a 1 × 10 solar-blind photodetector linear array is developed based on the Sn-doped Ga2O3 MWs via a patterned-electrodes method. And clear solar-blind images are obtained by using the photodetector array as the imaging unit of a solar-blind imaging system. The results provide a convenient way to construct high-performance solar-blind photodetector arrays based on Ga2O3 MWs, and thus may push forward their future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducted the numerical models validated by wind-tunnel experiments to investigate the issues of Re-independence of indoor airflow and pollutant dispersion within an isolated building. The window Reynolds number (Rew) was specified to characterize the indoor flow and dispersion. The indicators of RRC (ratio of relative change) or DR (K_DR) (difference ratio of dimensionless concentration) ≤ 5% were applied to quantitatively determine the critical Rew for indoor flow and turbulent diffusion. The results show that the critical Re (Recrit) value is position-dependent, and Recrit at the most unfavorable position should be suggested as the optimal value within the whole areas of interest. Thus ReH,crit = 27,000 is recommended for the outdoor flows; while Rew,crit = 15,000 is determined for the indoor flows due to the lower part below the window showing the most unfavorable. The suggested Rew,crit (=15,000) for indoor airflow and cross ventilation is independence of the window size. Moreover, taking K_DR ≤ 5% as the indicator, the suggested Rew,crit for ensuring indoor pollutant diffusion enter the Re-independence regime should also be 15,000, indicating that indoor passive diffusion is completely determined by the flow structures. The contours of dimensionless velocity (U/U0) and concentration (K) against the increasing Rew further confirmed this critical value. This study further reveals the Re-independence issues for indoor flow and dispersion to ensure the reliability of the data obtained by reduced-scale numerical or wind-tunnel models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, an ectomycorrhizal fungus collected from Jiangxi, China, is described as a new species. R. atrofuscus is morphological characterized by a dark gray to black pileus, white to pale yellowish white hymenophore, a grayish brown to pale yellow context, which turning orange-yellow to rusty yellow when injured, a prominently and coarsely white to pale yellow to black reticulation on upper 3/4 or entire stipe, grayish yellow to pale yellow to yellowish brown basidiospores in KOH with measuring (7–)7.5–13(–13.5) × (3–)3.5–5(–5.5) μm. Phylogenetic analysis results showed that R. atrofuscus formed an independent lineage within Retiboletus. Descriptions and hand drawings of the new species and comparisons with similar species are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-powered sensors are highly sought for wireless sensing applications in space exploration, industries, and environmental monitoring, etc. However, most current self-powered sensor technologies are based on the multiple energy conversion routine: energy collection, rectification, energy storage, and power management before it can be used for sensor systems, leading to exceptionally low energy utilization efficiency and very short periods of wireless sensing operation with majority of information lost. Here, we propose a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based fully self-powered instantaneous and real-time wireless sensor system which does not contain electronic devices and microchips, but the passive components only. An innovative cylindrical capacitive-type liquid level sensor is also proposed and is then integrated into the wireless sensor system for monitoring liquid levels or identifying substance of the liquids. This sensor system can convert pulsed voltage output of the TENG into sinusoidal signal with a resonant frequency containing the sensing information and is transmitted to the receiver in distance in real-time. The maximum transmission distance of the sensor system could reach 1.5 m for a 10 cm diameter magnetic-core coil pair. The wireless sensor system exhibited excellent stability and excellent linearity with a sensitivity of 4.63 kHz/cm, and demonstrated its great application potential for the self-powered liquid level monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a retraction note for an article titled "Soft multimedia anomaly detection based on neural network and optimization driven support vector machine." The article has been retracted by the publisher due to concerns regarding compromised editorial handling and peer review process, inappropriate or irrelevant references, and not being in scope of the journal or guest-edited issue. The publisher, in consultation with the Editor-in-Chief, no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of the article. The publisher has been unable to contact the authors. Springer Nature, the publisher, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]