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This study aimed to detect signals of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and targeted therapies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. Utilizing the KOrean College of Rheumatology BIOlogics & Targeted Therapy Registry (KOBIO) data, we calculated relative risks, excluded previously reported drug-ADR pairs, and externally validated remaining pairs using US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and single centre's electronic health records (EHR) data. Analyzing data from 2279 RA and 1940 AS patients, we identified 35 significant drug-ADR pairs in RA and 26 in AS, previously unreported in drug labels. Among the novel drug-ADR pairs from KOBIO, 15 were also significant in the FAERS data. Additionally, 2 significant drug-laboratory abnormality pairs were found in RA using CDM MetaLAB analysis. Our findings contribute to the identification of 14 novel drug-ADR signals, expanding our understanding of potential adverse effects related to biological DMARDs and targeted therapies in RA and AS. These results emphasize the importance of ongoing pharmacovigilance for patient safety and optimal therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gate-model quantum computers promise to solve currently intractable computational problems if they can be operated at scale with long coherence times and high-fidelity logic. Neutral-atom hyperfine qubits provide inherent scalability owing to their identical characteristics, long coherence times and ability to be trapped in dense, multidimensional arrays1. Combined with the strong entangling interactions provided by Rydberg states2–4, all the necessary characteristics for quantum computation are available. Here we demonstrate several quantum algorithms on a programmable gate-model neutral-atom quantum computer in an architecture based on individual addressing of single atoms with tightly focused optical beams scanned across a two-dimensional array of qubits. Preparation of entangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states5 with up to six qubits, quantum phase estimation for a chemistry problem6 and the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA)7 for the maximum cut (MaxCut) graph problem are demonstrated. These results highlight the emergent capability of neutral-atom qubit arrays for universal, programmable quantum computation, as well as preparation of non-classical states of use for quantum-enhanced sensing.A programmable neutral-atom quantum computer based on a two-dimensional array of qubits led to the creation of 2–6-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states and showed the ability to execute quantum phase estimation and optimization algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The braking system of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is composed of friction and regenerative braking system, meaning that braking torque is generated by the collaboration of the friction and regenerative braking system. With the attributes, there are two problems in the HEV braking system. First, rapid deceleration occurs due to dynamic characteristic difference when shifting the friction and regenerative braking systems. Second, the friction braking torque alters with temperature because the friction coefficient changes with the temperature. These problems cause the vehicle to be unstable. In this paper, the concurrence control and compensation control were proposed to solve these problems. And also, the concurrence control and compensation control were combined for the stability of the braking system. In order to confirm the effect of these control algorithms, the experiment and simulation were conducted. Consequently, it was confirmed that the control algorithm of this study improved the vehicle safety and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dependence of the wave resistance coefficients for planar periodic reliefs on the similarity parameters is investigated. It is proved that the wave resistance coefficients of the infinite reliefs and their finite analogs in the case of the whole wave numbers coincide, whereas in the case of the fractional wave numbers they differ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-unit umbilical cord blood (CB) SCT is limited by low total nucleated cell (TNC) dose. Co-infusion of CD34+ cells from a third party HLA-mismatched donor, known as dual or haplo-cord transplant, reduces the period of post-transplant neutropenia and related complications. The aim of this study was to analyze the value of early post-transplant peripheral blood (PB) and T cell chimerism after 28 dual transplants regarding CB engraftment. Cumulative incidence of myeloid engraftment at 30 days was 93% with a median time to engraftment of 14 days (10-29). Patients who developed CB graft failure (n=5) showed very low percentages of CB cells on days +14, +21 and +28 with decreasing dynamics. On the other hand, percentages of CB cells in patients who achieved CB engraftment increased over time. Interestingly, such patients showed two distinct chimerism dynamics in PB, but all of them showed a predominance of CB T cells early after SCT with increasing dynamics over time. Early post-transplant chimerism dynamics in PB and T cells predicts CB graft failure enabling rapid therapeutic measures to be applied. On the other hand, early increasing percentages of CB T cells correlates with ultimate CB engraftment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:CD151 is a member of the tetraspanin family, which interacts with laminin-binding integrins and other tetraspanins. This protein is implicated in motility, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells, but the prevalence of CD151 expression in subtypes of breast cancers and its influence on clinical outcome remains to be evaluated.Methods and results:The immunohistochemistry-based tissue microarray analysis showed that 127 (14.3%) cases overexpressed CD151 among 886 breast cancer patients. CD151 overexpression was found to be significantly associated with larger tumour size, higher nodal stage, advanced stage, absence of oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression. CD151 overexpression resulted in poorer overall survival (OS) (P<0.001) and disease-free survival (P=0.02), and stage II and III patients with CD151 overexpression demonstrated substantially poorer OS (P=0.0474 and 0.0169). In the five subtypes analyses, CD151 overexpression retained its adverse impact on OS in the Luminal A (P=0.0105) and quintuple-negative breast cancer (QNBC) subtypes, one subgroup of triple-negative breast cancer (P=0.0170). Multivariate analysis that included stage, subtype, and adjuvant chemotherapy showed that CD151 overexpression was independently associated with poor OS in invasive breast cancer.Conclusion:CD151 overexpression may be a potential molecular therapeutic target for breast cancer, especially in QNBC subtype and more advanced stages of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We experimentally confirmed the effect when the wave resistance of rough-wall plane channels, generated while the walls are streamlined by a supersonic gas flow, reaches the extreme values. The experiments were conducted on a differential setup by comparing the tests of flat and round sonic nozzles. The results of the experiment justified the developed method of calculating the wave resistance of the plane channel with sawtooth wall relief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four hundred and sixty-seven hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCTs) (217 autologous and 250 allogeneic HSCT) were performed in 374 children at four pediatric HSCT centers in Korea from January 2005 to December 2007. Among 467 transplants, veno-occlusive disease (VOD) developed in 72 transplants (15.4%) at a median of 10 days after HSCT. Multivariate analysis showed that BU or TBI-containing regimen (P=0.002), VOD prophylaxis without lipo-prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) (P=0.012), number of previous HSCT (P=0.014), and pretransplant serum ferritin (P=0.018) were independent risk factors for developing VOD. Mean serum ferritin levels were significantly higher in HSCT with VOD (2109.6±2842.5 ng/ml) than in HSCT without VOD (1315.9±1094.4 ng/ml) (P<0.001). The relative risk of death within 100 days of HSCT in transplants with VOD compared with transplants without VOD was 3.39 (confidence interval: 1.78–6.45). Our results suggest that lipo-PGE1 might have a protective effect against the development of VOD, and pretransplant serum ferritin could act as a risk factor for VOD. A larger prospective study is needed to confirm a possible role of lipo-PGE1 and iron chelation therapy in reducing the incidence of VOD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many natural anti-DNA antibodies (Abs) have the ability to translocate across the plasma membrane and localize in the nucleus of mammalian cells, frequently leading to cytotoxicity to cells. Herein, we report detailed intracellular trafficking routes and cytotoxicity in HeLa cells for a single chain variable fragment (scFv) Ab, 3D8, which is an anti-DNA Ab capable of hydrolyzing both DNA and RNA. The intracellular penetration of 3D8 scFv occurred by caveolae/lipid raft endocytosis. The time-course chasing experiments revealed that 3D8 scFv escaped directly from the caveosome into the cytosol and remained in the cytosol without further trafficking into endosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, or nucleus. The cytosolically localized 3D8 scFv maintained its nuclease activity to hydrolyze cellular RNAs, mainly mRNAs, eventually triggering apoptotic cell death. Our results demonstrate that 3D8 scFv has a unique intracellular trafficking route of localizing in the cytosol, thereby exhibiting cytotoxicity due to its nuclease activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a method that makes it possible to obtain in the framework of linear approximation the exact formulas for the wave resistance of the channel walls with an arbitrary plane pattern in the first and subsequent interference zones. It is shown by a particular example of the sinusoidal pattern that the pressure wave interference may lead to the positive or negative resistance resonance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor on "Effects of precursors in the ethanol-based sol-gel synthesis of Zn2SiO4:Mn phosphor," by C. J. Kim, and M. S. Kwon in the August 2006 issue is presented.

We synthesized nanocrystalline Y2O3: Eu phosphor by a novel sol-gel route using simple metal nitrates and alcohols as the starting materials instead of oxide powders and nitric acid. The structural characteristics and luminescence properties of the sol-gel derived nanocrystalline Y2O3: Eu phosphor were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence measurement. The crystallized crystal size increased from 7 to 55 nm as the firing temperature was increased from 500 to 1000°C. The red-emitting luminescence dominated by the5D0−7F2 transition of the Eu3+ ions. The intensity of the red luminescence increased with increasing firing temperature, and concentration quenching was observed with increasing Eu3+ concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports atomic arrangements of a CuAu-I type ordered structure in lattice mismatched multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Selected area electron diffraction pattern (SADP) measurements; Two kinds of samples with MQW structures.

The article reports that three basic forms of ordering, i.e., CuAu, chalcopyrite, and CuPt, have been reported widely in various III-V ternary semiconductors grown by molecular beam epitaxy and organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. Ordering was reported to reduce the energy band gap of a III-V alloy with respect to that for the disordered alloy. Relatively little work has been done on II-VI/III-V mixed heterostructures probably due to possible cross-doping effects resulting from inter-diffusion or due to strain effects as a consequence of the lattice mismatch between II-VI active layers and the III-V substrates.

Summary:Hematopoietic chimerism (HpC) was assayed monthly using a sensitive, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -based method in consecutive patients. Between January 1998 and April 2002, 181 patients underwent non-T cell depleted allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). A total of 163 patients were evaluable for HpC at 1 month (11 early deaths; no informative band for HpC analysis/no genomic DNA in seven). In all, 53 of 163 patients (33%, median recipient DNA of 15% (range 5-95)), 39 of 151 patients (26%), and 27 of 142 patients (19%) showed mixed chimerism (MC) at 1, 2, and 3 months after HCT, respectively. Conditioning regimen (busulfan-fludarabine-ATG vs BuCy, relative risk 3.99 (95% CI 1.16-10.92)), neutrophil engraftment (?day 17 vs ?day 16, relative risk 2.49 (95% CI 1.14-5.41)), and acute graft-versus-host disease within 30 days (none vs yes, relative risk 4.78 (95% CI 1.50-15.17)) were independent variables that showed significant correlation with having ?5% recipient DNA at 1 month. Five patients experienced secondary graft failure. All five patients showed MC at 1 month with median recipient DNA of 40%. None of the 109 patients with complete chimerism experienced graft failure (P=0.002). Our study showed that MC shown on monthly analysis of HpC after allogeneic HCT is a significant predictor of secondary graft failure.Bone Marrow Transplantation (2003) 32, 423-431. doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1704147 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented which explores the growth temperature dependence of residual strain in gallium nitride epilayer under c-plane sapphire room temperature.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article about the loss of the Y chromosome in leukocyte lineages of donor origin after stem cell transplantation is presented.

Presents a letter to the editor about sol-gel synthesis and green luminescence of nanocrystalline Zn2SiO4:manganese phosphor.

Background: Shear wave elastography (SWE) is an ultrasound technique for the noninvasive quantification of tissue stiffness. The hypoxic tumor microenvironment promotes tumor stiffness and is associated with poor prognosis in cancer. We aimed to investigate the correlation between tumor hypoxia and histologic biomarkers and tumor stiffness measured by SWE in breast cancer., Methods: From June 2016 to January 2018, 82 women with invasive breast cancer who underwent SWE before treatment were enrolled. Average tumor elasticity (E average ) and tumor-to-fat elasticity ratio (E ratio ) were extracted from SWE. Immunohistochemical staining of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) was used to assess tumor hypoxia in breast cancer tissues and automated digital image analysis was performed to assess GLUT1 activities. Spearman correlation and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associations between GLUT1 expression and SWE values, histologic biomarkers, and molecular subtypes. The Mann-Whitney U test, t test, or Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare SWE values and histologic features according to the GLUT1 expression (≤the median vs > median)., Results: E average (r = 0.676) and E ratio (r = 0.411) correlated significantly with GLUT1 expression (both p <  0.001). E average was significantly higher in cancers with estrogen receptor (ER)-, progesterone receptor (PR)-, Ki67+, and high-grade (p <  0.05). E ratio was higher in cancers with Ki67+, lymph node metastasis, and high-grade (p <  0.05). Cancers with high GLUT1 expression (>median) had higher E average (mean, 85.4 kPa vs 125.5 kPa) and E ratio (mean, 11.7 vs 17.9), and more frequent ER- (21.7% vs 78.3%), PR- (26.4% vs 73.1%), Ki67+ (31.7%% vs 68.3%), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) + (25.0% vs 75.0%), high-grade (28.6% vs 71.4%), and HER2-overexpressing (25.0% vs 75.0%) and triple-negative (23.1% vs 76.9%) subtypes (p <  0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that E average was independently associated with GLUT1 expression (p <  0.001)., Conclusions: Tumor stiffness on SWE is significantly correlated with tumor hypoxia as well as histologic biomarkers. In particular, E average on SWE has independent prognostic significance for tumor hypoxia in the multivariable analysis and can potentially be used as a noninvasive imaging biomarker to predict prognosis and pretreatment risk stratification in breast cancer patients.