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The reaction 54Cr$ + $248Cm was investigated at the velocity filter SHIP at GSI, Darmstadt, with the intention to study production and decay properties of isotopes of element 120. Three correlated signals were measured, which occurred within a period of 279ms. The heights of the signals correspond with the expectations for a decay sequence starting with an isotope of element 120. However, a complete decay chain cannot be established, since a signal from the implantation of the evaporation residue cannot be identified unambiguously. Measured properties of the event chain are discussed in detail. The result is compared with theoretical predictions. Previously measured decay properties of even element super-heavy nuclei were compiled in order to find arguments for an assignment from the systematics of experimental data. In the course of this review, a few tentatively assigned data could be corrected. New interpretations are given for results which could not be assigned definitely in previous studies. The discussion revealed that the cross-section for production of element 120 could be high enough so that a successful experiment seems possible with presently available techniques. However, a continuation of the experiment at SHIP for a necessary confirmation of the results obtained in a relatively short irradiation of five weeks is not possible at GSI presently. Therefore, we decided to publish the results of the measurement and of the review as they exist now. In the summary and outlook section we also present concepts for the continuation of research in the field of super-heavy nuclei.

Shell-correction energies of super-heavy nuclei are approximated by using $ Q_{\alpha}$ values of measured decay chains. Five decay chains were analyzed, which start at the isotopes 285Fl, 294118, 291Lv, 292Lv and 293Lv. The data are compared with predictions of macroscopic-microscopic models. Fission barriers are estimated that can be used to eliminate uncertainties in partial fission half-lives and in calculations of evaporation-residue cross-sections. In that calculations, fission probability of the compound nucleus is a major factor contributing to the total cross-section. The data also provide constraints on the cross-sections of capture and quasi-fission in the entrance channel of the fusion reaction. Arguments are presented that fusion reactions for synthesis of isotopes of elements 118 and 120 may have higher cross-sections than assumed so far.

Intra-arterial injections of synthetic double-stranded RNA (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, PIPC) at a dose of 500 microg/kg evoked pronounced fever in guinea-pigs. PIPC-induced fever could be antagonized by treatment with the non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor diclofenac and was, in part, attenuated by the administration of the selective COX-2-inhibitor nimesulide (dose: 5 mg/kg for both COX inhibitors). We further investigated whether direct activation of brain cells during PIPC-induced fever could be demonstrated. Using radioactive in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that treatment with PIPC resulted in an upregulation of COX-2 and interleukin-1 beta mRNA in the guinea-pig brain. Thus, COX-2-specific hybridization signals seemed to be mainly associated with brain blood vessels. Intra-arterial injections of PIPC further induced the pronounced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor STAT3 in the endothelium of various fore- and hindbrain areas and in the meninges. In brain structures that lacked a tight blood-brain barrier, i.e. the sensory circumventricular organs (area postrema, vascular organ of laminae terminalis, subfornical organ), the astrocytes and a population of still undetermined cellular phenotype also showed marked STAT3 activation in response to PIPC. The Toll-like receptor-3 agonist PIPC therefore caused a similar activation of brain cells as that reported for other experimental models of systemic inflammation.

Results are presented from a systematic investigation to design and optimize a low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process for manganese-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Mn) thin films for electroluminescent (EL) device applications. The CVD process used diethylzinc (DEZ), di-π-cyclopentadienyl manganese (CPMn), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as co-reactants and hydrogen (H2) as carrier gas. A design of experiments approach was used to derive functionality curves for the dependence of ZnS:Mn film properties on substrate temperature and flow rates (partial pressures) of DEZ, CPMn, H2S, and H2. Film physical, chemical, structural, and optical properties were examined using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nuclear-reaction analysis, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. EL measurements were carried out on ZnS:Mn-based dielectric–sulfur–dielectric stacks incorporated into alternating-current thin-film electroluminescent devices. An optimized process window was established for the formation of films with predominantly (0 0 2) orientation, grain size larger than 0.2 μm, and Mn dopant level approximately 0.5 at.%. A brightness of 407 cd/m2 (119 fL) and efficiency of 1.6 lm/W were obtained, as measured at 40 V above threshold voltage and 60 Hz frequency.

Analysen zur Schlaganfallerkrankungshaufigkeit oder -sterblichkeit beruhen meist auf offiziellen Statistikdaten. Eine Reduktion der Schlaganfallsterblichkeit wurde fur sehr viele Landern gezeigt. Es ist jedoch unklar, ob das mit verminderter Morbiditat oder Letalitat (oder beidem) zusammenhangt. Dafur sind bevolkerungsbezogene Registerdaten erforderlich. Mit einheitlicher Methodik des WHO-MONICA-Projekts wurden auch in Deutschland von 1984–1993 Schlaganfalle registriert (7.435 Erst- und Wiederholungsschlaganfalle). Die Datensammlung beschrankte sich weitgehend auf Ostdeutschland. Die altersspezifische Schlaganfallerkrankungshaufigkeit von Mannern/ Frauen steigt steil von 9/11 pro 100 000 Bevolkerung in der jungsten Altersgruppe (25–34) auf 1005/799 in der altesten untersuchten Altersgruppe (65–74) an. Versucht man eine Klassifikation der Schlaganfalltypen, was in epidemiologischen Studien nicht immer moglich ist, wurde die beste Schatzung fur Mannern (Frauen) ergeben: 63(62)% thromboembolische Hirninfarkte, 25(22)% intrazerebrale Blutungen und 12(17)% subarachnoidale Blutungen. Die 28-Tage-Letalitat der 25- bis 74jahrigen Schlaganfallpatienten betrug etwa 40%. Es konnten weder hinsichtlich der Erkrankungshaufigkeit noch der Letalitat uberzeugende Trends uber die 10 Jahre gezeigt werden. Die insgesamt geringen Veranderungen uber die 10 Jahre sollten – nicht nur im Osten Deutschlands – dazu fuhren, dem Schlaganfall wesentlich mehr Aufmerksamkeit zu widmen, insbesondere seiner primaren und sekundaren Pravention. Das betrifft aber auch die Behandlung in der Akutphase, da die Sterblichkeit vor Aufnahme ins Krankenhaus und in den ersten Tagen noch auserordentlich hoch ist. Auch fehlen bevolkerungsbezogene Studien zur Langzeitprognose des Schlaganfalls in Deutschland, einschlieslich der Effektivitat verschiedener Formen der Therapie und Rehabilitation. Eine systematische Beobachtung der Entwicklung auf diesem Gebiet gehort zu den vordringlichen Aufgaben der Beurteilung von Qualitat und Effektivitat des Gesundheitssystems.

The synthesis of element 116 in fusion-evaporation reactions of a 48Ca beam with radioactive 248Cm targets was studied at the velocity filter SHIP of GSI in Darmstadt. At excitation energies of the compound nuclei of 40.9MeV, four decay chains were measured, which were assigned to the isotope 292116, and one chain, which was assigned to 293116. Measured cross-sections of (3.4−1.6+2.7) pb and (0.9−0.7+2.1), respectively, and decay data of the chains agree with data measured previously at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions in Dubna. As a new result, one α-decay chain was measured, which terminates after four α decays by spontaneous fission. The α energies of the second-to-fourth decay are considerably higher than those measured for the α decays of 289114, 285Cn, and 281Ds and the spontaneous fission half-life is significantly longer than that of 277Hs measured in previous experiments. A possible assignment is discussed in the frame of excited quasiparticle states of nuclei populated in the decay chain from 293116. Also other possible assignments were considered and are discussed. At an excitation energy of 45.0MeV no events were observed resulting in a one-event cross-section limit of 1.6 pb. The technical aspects related with the use of radioactive target material at SHIP are described in detail. The experience gained in this experiment will serve as a basis for future experiments aiming to study still heavier elements at the velocity filter SHIP.

Lewis lung (3LL) peritoneal carcinomatosis elicits a complex host response in the peritoneal compartment. The response was delayed, showing few inflammatory cells through day 6 after lethal challenge with 3LL cells. Responses began in about half the mice on day 7 and had appeared in all mice by day 11. On day 7, some mice still showed no detectable 3LL growth in the pertioneal lavage fluid, and no differences in the peritoneal cell populations as compared with the control group. Other tumor-bearing mice, however, had evidence of 3LL cells and hemorrhagic ascites in the peritoneal compartment, with increased numbers of peritoneal macrophages (PM) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). By day 11, all tumor-bearing mice had 3LL growth and hemorrhagic ascites. On days 7-11, there was a major influx of macrophages with a later influx of PMN between days 11 and 14. Two distinct PM populations were detected on day 7 in mice that showed detectable 3LL peritoneal carcinomatosis: resident PM, which did not express the Mac-2 antigen, and recruited PM, which were Mac-2+. At least some resident PM remained in the peritoneal compartment through day 14. Analysis of the kinetics of the cytotoxic capabilities of PM from tumor-bearing mice showed that by day 7 macrophages were able to kill the B16 melanoma tumor target, but not the 3LL target. The PM, however, were able to be activated further to kill the 3LL target by treatment in vitro with lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma. No inhibition of PM tumoricidal activity could detected in the peritoneal wash of tumor-bearing mice. A lack of activation of PM from 3LL tumor-bearing mice may be involved in progression of peritoneal carcinomatosis.

On the basis of the GRIM4-S1 satellite-only Earth gravity model, being accomplished in a common effort by DGFI and GRGS, a combination solution, called GRIM4-C1, has been derivcd using 1° × 1° mean gravity anomalies and 1° × 1° Seasat altimeter derived mean geoid undulations. In the meantime improvements could be achieved by incorporating more tracking data (GEOSAT, SPOT2-DORIS) into the solution, resulting in the two new parallel versions, the satellite-only gravity model GRIM4-S2 and the combined solution GRIM4-C2p (preliminary). All GRIM4 Earth gravity models cover the spectral gravitational constituents complete up to degree and order 50.

The relationships between body mass index (BMI) and age, alcohol consumption, 24-hr urinary electrolyte excretion, and BP were studied in 588 subjects from three German centers participating inIntersalt, a highly standardized, previously reported protocol. Men and women aged 20–59 were sampled in Bernried, FRG; Cottbus, GDR; and Heidelberg, FRG. The subjects from the three centers did not differ in BMI, level of education, physical activity, cigarette- or alcohol-consumption patterns, or urinary Cl excretion. Mean Na excretion was 167, 147, and 172 mmol/24 hr in Bernried, Cottbus, and Heidelberg, while mean K excretion was 72, 55, and 73 mmol/24 hr, respectively. The excretion of these electrolytes was significantly lower in Cottbus than in Bernried or Heidelberg. BMI increased progressively in men with age; in women BMI plateaued until the 5th decade, after which it increased to equal that of men. In individual centers, the excretion of electrolytes was correlated with BML Sodium and chloride excretion were highly correlated. The data from each individual center were fitted to a multiple regression model. Age, BMI, sex, and alcohol consumption entered the model.

SrS:Ce is an important material for full color electroluminescent (EL) flat panel displays. Using a combination of SrS:Ce/ZnS:Mn and appropriate color filters high quality full color displays have been demonstrated [1]. Major issues for commercially viable process integration of SrS:Ce are the combination of high luminance, high growth rate, and process temperatures below 600°C for compatibility with low cost glass substrates. This work describes the process development and optimization of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of SrS:Ce. MOCVD is a promising candidate for deposition of SrS:Ce because it can provide the required growth rates and allows control of crystal structure and stoichiometry. Growth of SrS:Ce was performed in the temperature range from 400°C to 530°C using Sr(tmhd)2, Ce(tmhd)4, and H2S as precursors. The structure of the SrS:Ce was found to be strongly dependent on the H2S flow. A brightness of 15 fL and an efficiency of 0.22 lm/W has been achieved (40 V above threshold voltage, 60 Hz AC). Film analysis included Rutherford backscattering (RBS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and EL measurements. Results on the correlation between process parameters, film structure, grain size and EL performance will be presented.

The procedure bisect is designed to replace the procedures tridibi 1 and 2 given in [5]. All three procedures are based essentially on the following theorem.

Der Durchfluswiderstand von Erzstaub von 0,07 mm bis 1,0 mm Korngrose wird bei verschiedenen Gasmengen und Schichtungen bestimmt. Zur Berechnung des Druckverlustes werden die fur die Stromung durch Rohre und Gerinne verwendeten Formeln sinngemas auf den vorliegenden Fall ubertragen. Dadurch wird es moglich, den Einflus der Korngrose, der Zwischenraume, der Stromungsgeschwindigkeit usw. rechnerisch zu erfassen. Es wird gezeigt, das die erhaltenen Versuchswerte die Richtigkeit der theoretischen Uberlegungen bestatigen und sich in die fruher veroffentlichten Versuchsergebnisse einreihen lassen. Man erhalt auf diese Weise eine allgemein gultige Rechnungsgrundlage zur Bestimmung des Durchfluswiderstandes von Schuttgut fur alle Korngrosen und Betriebszustande.

It is proposed that the following normative pyroxene minerals be used: CaSiO3, MgSiO3, and FeSiO3 (with symbols “wo,” “en,” and “ hy,” respectively); and that the olivine molecule be given in terms of Mg2SiO4 and Fe2SiO4 (with symbols “ fo ” and “fa”). It is shown that these changes will improve the norm by bringing the ferro-magnesian minerals into a closer approach to natural conditions, by making it easier to survey their composition, and by rendering calculations simpler.

The crystalline variants of the alkali feldspars differ from each other in the pattern of Al/Si disorder. The interrelations of the several variants are graphically shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. In high albite thekind of disorder is different from that in any other alkali feldspar; therefore the transition high albite→monalbite is diffusive; but the transition monalbite⇆analbite is displacive. See Fig. 10. The phase diagram of the system NaAlSi3O8−KAlSi3O8 is presented in Fig. 4. The volume relations of the mixed crystals (Figs. 5 and 8) indicate that albite exhibiting monoclinic symmetry at room temperature has a defect lattice (defect monalbite) with vacant Na sites. A vacant cation site behaves as if a large cation (for example K) were present; therefore the defect monalbite behaves like a mixed crystal with some K replacing Na.

Die Bestimmung des Kraftverbrauches von Rohrmuhlen geschicht in der Regel auf Grund von Erfahrungszahlen. Die rechnerische Ermittlung des Arbeitsbedarfes wurde schon ofters versucht, jedoch sind die vorhandenen Theorien mit verschiedenen Mangeln behaftet. Es wird eine Theorie der Mahlgutbewegung entwickelt, die gestattet, den Einflus der Umlaufzahl, des Fullungsgrades und der besonderen Eigenschaften des Mahlgutes zahlenmasig zu erfassen. Dies geschieht dadurch, das bestimmte Annahmen uber die Bewegung der Trommelfullung getroffen werden, so das der Vorgang rechnerisch verfolgt werden kann. Die bis jetzt angenommenen Erfahrungszahlen werden auf bestimmte Zahlenausdrucke zuruckgefuhrt. Die Ubereinstimmung mit der Erfahrung ist verhaltnismasig gut. Das Verfahren gestattet vor allem die Anderung des Kraftverbrauches bei einer Anderung der Betrichsverhaltnisse und der Abmessungen mit einer fur die Praxis weitaus genugenden Genauigkeit abzuschatzen.

The narrow and direct bandgap of indium antimonide is frequently used to good advantage in detection of light in the infra-red region; however, to date little use has been made of the high mobilities associated with this material. Although its high intrinsic carrier concentration generally necessitates operation at cooled temperatures, higher speeds and the advantage of integrating other devices on-chip with the infrared detectors encourages the development of an active device technology on this semiconductor. Considering its small bandgap, the problems associated with good p-n junctions may favor the MISFET in this application. Surprisingly, little has been done toward this goal, though structures such as chargecoupled- devices [1], focal array detectors [2], and a few insulated gate FETs [3,4] have been fabricated. In this paper we present the results of our recent work toward the development of a fabrication technology for InSb MISFETs. Specifically, we have conducted a study of etchants, metal contacts, and dielectrics for application to mesa-structure, insulated gate field transistors.

Wenn in Krisenzeiten Betriebe geschlossen und die Beschaftigten auf die Strase gesetzt werden, kommt es gelegentlich zur Besetzung, Ubernahme und Weiterfuhrung der Produktion durch die Arbeiter_innen selbst, in den letzten Jahren unter anderem im Fahrradwerk von Bike Systems in Nordhausen (2007) in der ehemaligen Baumaterialfabrik Vio.me in Thessaloniki (2011) und in der Teebeutelfabrik Fralib in Marseille (2012). Besondere Aufmerksamkeit erlangten die vielen Betriebsbesetzungen in Argentinien seit Anfang der 2000er Jahre, wie die des Fliesenherstellers Zanon in der Provinz Neuquen (2001). Diese Betriebsbesetzungen beginnen meist in dem Moment, in dem die ArbeiterInnen ihre Lohnquelle durch Konkurs und Produktionsstopp verlieren. In den anschliesenden Auseinandersetzungen mussen sich die Betriebsbesetzer_innen nicht nur mit dem Unternehmer herumschlagen, sondern oft auch mit dem Staat, der die kapitalistischen Besitzverhaltnisse schutzen will. Unter Umstanden bildet sich in diesen Kampfen ein neues Arbeiterkollektiv heraus, das die hierarchische Betriebsorganisation abschafft und Formen kooperativer Produktion ausprobiert. Wie aber funktionieren und entwickeln sich solche Formen im Rahmen des Kapitalismus? Bieten sie eine Perspektive, die uber diesen hinausweist – quasi als Keimzellen einer Okonomie ohne Ausbeutung? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen bietet das Buch von Juan Pablo Hudson wertvolles Material. Von Mitte bis Ende der 2000er Jahre beobachtete er in Rosario, Argentinien, mehr als ein Dutzend von den Arbeiter_innen ubernommene Betriebe (Empresas Recupe