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When we ask ourselves if psychoanalysis is a science and what type of science it is, we raise many questions related to the notion of faithfulness. For instance, we might ask what it means to be faithful to a text, to the essence of an author’s writings, or to his or her creative power. If being a psychoanalyst means, at the very least, being able to translate the other’s thoughts, one of the difficulties of this task lies in what we call the complexity of translation. Analysts translate, interpret, interfere with the thoughts of the other in order to open up new paths, to offer themselves as a projection screen, or to try to create a link between two subjects so as to make room for the present, which is sometimes erased by history. To elucidate some of these issues, Scarfone (this issue) focuses on a discussion on the ethics of the analyst and of psychoanalysis [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The traditional definition of retranslation as the second or later rendering of a work into one same language is necessarily transformed when seen from a perspective informed by multimodality and intermediality. While the influence of multimodality on our understanding of translation practices has been variously discussed in the literature, little has been said about the relation between multimodality, intermediality and retranslation. Accordingly, this paper has two goals. Firstly, it seeks to discuss how multimodality and intermediality may have an effect on our theoretical knowledge of retranslation. Secondly, it aims to illustrate these theoretical observations through the analysis of different textualities originating in Bashir Lazhar, a one-character play by Québécois playwright Evelyne de la Chenelière. Of particular interest to build the present case study are the French and Spanish versions of the dramatic text as well as a specific stage performance delivered by French-Mexican actor and translator Boris Schoemann in Mexico City in 2012. The study will show how various semiotic codes interact through intermodal, intermedial retranslation practices in order to create new meanings in the performance text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a disease with profound effects on the global society, as it affects individual lives, communities, societies, and even nations. As governments try to gear up on the war against this pandemic, an issue of importance pertains to the use of information systems. The systems are used to collect data on the prevalence of the disease, and analyze and transmit the data from the lower levels of the health administration where the testing is done to the higher levels of national policy making where different kinds of interventions are designed. In this article, we argue that the manner in which the representation of the disease is constructed is an important area of concern as it shapes the picture of the disease prevalence and influences how these statistics then get used for the planning of interventions such as supplying drugs and pro-health campaigns. Drawing from the domain of Science and Technology Studies (STS), with a focus on Bruno Latour's (1999) ideas of “circulating reference” we first develop the theoretical notion of representation, and then apply it to an empirical analysis of the reporting systems, both paper- and computer-based, of HIV/AIDS in Mozambique. The successive movements of information about HIV/AIDS prevalence across the various administrative levels are seen as translations that are being constructed through the communication and work practices of the health care workers at different levels, and are shaped by the political interests of the different stakeholders involved, including international agencies and national health authorities. Latour's notion of circulating reference is drawn upon to analyze the question of what is lost, what is gained, and what remains invariant through the successive stages of translation in the construction and use of the representation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Profiles the theoretical physicist, Ettore Majorana. Achieved status; Contributions to theoretical physics; Translation of the works of Majorana.

In this paper, we use the lens of embodied language cognition and intersemiosis to argue for the importance of developing creative approaches to language work in classroom settings and we cite as an example some activities from a workshop that was developed for modern foreign languages (MFL) trainee teachers in London (). The workshop resulted from a collaboration between an applied linguist (Coffey) and an artist-educator (Patel), and combined their shared understanding of language use as an emotional, embodied enterprise etched into our autobiographical identities. We suggest that working with intersemiotic approaches to language has the potential to reinvigorate language pedagogy by challenging dominant metaphors both of 'language' and of 'learning'. The paper intends both to make a practical contribution in its reporting of activities, which we hope will inspire teachers and teacher educators to develop intersemiotic approaches for their own settings, and also to contribute to the broader scholarship that calls for 'reframing teacher cognition' (e.g. Coffey [2015]. Reframing teachers' language knowledge through metaphor analysis of language portraits. The Modern Language Journal 99, no. 3: 500–14), even 'liberating language education' (e.g. Lytra et al. [2022]. Liberating Language Education. Bristol: Multilingual Matters), to imagine new orientations for how we engage with languages in our lives and our classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper picks up and elaborates on the conception of policy translators in schools – key actors in the enactment of policy. The qualitative data presented here highlight how it is often middle leaders doing high-profile policy work in schools, turning ideas into actions and bringing policy to life. As translators, they organise, manage, lead, plan, produce, inspire, persuade, and appease, and in doing so they translate policy into practice and make it a collective effort. At the same time, they are often overloaded and inundated. In focusing on middle leaders as policy translators, this research makes several important contributions to scholarship: empirical data is provided to support and expand on policy enactment theory, the limited research base on middle leadership is developed, and understandings of how school self-evaluation plays out in schools are strengthened. Thus, it is envisaged that this paper will not only be of interest and of use to researchers and policymakers concerned with policy, evaluation, and leadership but to practising teachers and school leaders attempting to make sense of their own experiences at the coalface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the successful translation and reception of Maria Dermoût's De tienduizend dingen (1955), most particularly in the U.S. and Italy: a quite unique case of a Dutch book which has found its way to world literature. In the late Fifties, this beautifully crafted literary work about the faded world of the Dutch Molucca's prior to WWII, could reckon on sympathy, empathy and interest in different countries. In the U.S., the ongoing decolonization process found a certain support, while Italy did its best to fully erase all traces of its colonial past and only few people with colonial roots tried to keep them alive. The ambivalent, liminar status of this fascinating book, written from a distant elsewhere by a displaced Eurasian author, can explain its appeal to translators Hans Koning and Quirino Maffi – both displaced, too – and international audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores how the graphic novel Vivian served as the medium for an Arts-Based Knowledge Translation (ABKT) project in the field of palliative care. ABKT seeks to accomplish the goal of disseminating research-based knowledge through the use of the arts. It is regarded as useful for raising awareness about social issues, fostering a deep engagement with audiences and giving new perspectives on topics at hand. The paper describes the process the researchers undertook to create the graphic novel and embed within it empirical evidence about gender and palliative care, thereby extending its reach beyond traditional academic audiences. The paper also explains how Vivian, as an example of a pūrākau (Māori story) serves as a means for foregrounding the values and perspectives of Māori, the indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand. Viewed through this lens, Vivian operates as a critique of western societal values at odds with the fundamental Māori principles of care and hospitality (manaakitanga), relationships (whanaungatanga) and prestige or status (mana). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article calls for submissions of translations of contemporary international writers into English and of the process and practical problems of translating for the periodical "Translation Review."

Behavioral public policy (BPP) has become increasingly popular with governments across the globe but what defines it in practice? It is not a concrete concept, encompassing a series of instruments, evaluation methods and theoretical influences. Using the findings from an ethnographic study of a behavioral insights team in the Australian Government this paper interrogates how BPP has been translated from these discrete components into practice by policymakers. This research posits that a significant degree of adaptation has taken place during this translation process. Participants could be referring to multiple different things when speaking about and implementing BPP, sometimes even communicating at cross-purposes. This paper incorporates Bevir and Rhodes 'traditions' to existing policy translation research to further interrogate how actors make meaning from and adapt ideas like BPP. This framework makes it possible to explore which translations carry greater influence and asks what this means for the BPP agenda moving forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will discuss the possibility of attributing authorship to translations by carrying out a comparative stylometric analysis of an author's poems and their translations of other writers' works. The paper puts forward two hypotheses. Firstly, its aim is to test whether an author's poems and translations share stylistic patterns. Secondly, it will test whether these shared patterns can be used to attribute authorship of translations. The complete works of Antonio Colinas and Eloy Sánchez Rosillo, together with their respective translations of Giacomo Leopardi's Cantos, will be used. Based on these texts, we will build computational representations that correspond to the stylistic profiles of each author, using various style cues related to metrics, grammar, and lexicon. These representations will serve as input for the calculation of similarity. Its result will allow us to determine to what extent characteristics of an author's own verses remain in the translated poems and whether there is more closeness between the two translations or between each author's poetry and their translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article invites submissions of translations of contemporary international writers into English by Translation Review.

A call for papers on indirect translation is presented.

Highlights from the article: In this special issue, we feature descriptions of state-of-the-art partnerships between scientists who study cognitive development and practitioners working with children in schools. As the Journal of Cognition and Development is primarily targeted to researchers, we are especially focused on the question of what researchers gain from a translational partnership. We hope that the papers in this volume will provide convincing evidence that both practitioners and researchers can find much of value in translation.

This paper proves that automatic translation of multilingual newspaper documents deters neither human nor computer classification of political concepts. We show how theory-driven coding of newspaper text can be automated in several languages by monolingual researchers. Supervised machine learning is successfully applied to text in English from British, Spanish, and German sources. The paper has three main findings. First, results from human coding directly in a foreign language do not differ from coding computer-translated text. Second, humans can code translated text as well as they can code untranslated prose in their mother tongue. Third, machine learning based on translated Spanish and German training sets can reproduce human coding as accurately as a system learning from English training sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To provide an overview of the experiences and needs of patients adjusting to life after receiving a diagnosis of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). We conducted a meta-ethnographic synthesis of qualitative studies on the experiences of transition to SPMS, based on a systematic literature search of CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. Identified studies were quality-appraised using a critical appraisal checklist, and individual findings synthesised inductively. The synthesis included 12 articles with 144 people with SPMS. Adjusting to SPMS transition encompassed a variety of reactions and coping strategies. Successful adjustment was associated with accepting and adapting coping strategies, and availability of social support and relationships. Clinical services increased uncertainty around adjustment where patients felt clinicians were not transparent with them about their changing diagnosis. People adjust to SPMS in different ways, with the success of adjustment influenced by a patient's primary coping mechanism. Coping mechanisms are determined by pre-existing individual differences, alongside engagement with, and quality of, social support networks and activities. Services should ensure that people are provided with informational support about their illness progression, and emotional support concerning coping strategies, social networks, and physical activity, as these are key determinants of successful adjustment. Adjusting to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is a difficult and stressful time for patients. Coping strategies patients use, their support network and their activity levels are key determinants of successful adjustment. Clinicians should be open with patients about their assessment of their changing diagnosis, rather than trying to avoid upsetting the patient by withholding information. Clinical services should be proactive in supporting patients during adjustment with learning positive coping strategies, and maintaining or increasing social relationships and activity levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article invites scholarly articles reviewing challenges like technical, formal, linguistic, cultural, etc. faced by audio-visual translators for Journal of Screen Translation Studies.

In 1817, in the preface to his Rein analytischer Beweis, Bernard Bolzano revealed that he had decided to postpone the publication of any subsequent instalment of his Beyträge zu einer begründeteren Darstellung der Mathematik because of the few and 'superficial' reviews of its first instalment, published in 1810. Bolzano's transcriptions of the only two known reviews of this book are conserved at the Literární archiv Památníku národního písemnictví / Muzea literatury, in Prague, together with another manuscript on his Beyträge, the provenance of which was unknown to Bolzano's scholars until recently. In this paper it is shown that this latter manuscript is a draft of an announcement that was published at the time and that was indeed written at least to some extent by Bolzano himself. This hitherto unknown announcement of Bolzano's Beyträge not only solves the mystery surrounding that manuscript, but also helps to date the publication of this book more precisely and provides an unusual insight into what we must take Bolzano himself to have considered most noteworthy about his work, namely his study on logic. The paper includes a transcription of the manuscript and an English translation of the announcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It might safely be said that no issue is as politically contentious in Wales as that of the status of the Welsh language in society in general and in public life in particular, along with its relationship to the English language. This article draws upon a range of papers from within the National Assembly for Wales (NAfW) and the Welsh Government, some of which have been made available only as a result of a series of Freedom of Information (FOI) requests, in its careful examination of how the translation policy of the Welsh Assembly became the subject of a very excited and divisive public row. Moreover, the article shows how this translation problem evolved into a matter of constitutional difficulty, as yet unresolved, at the highest level of public life in Wales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every individual's language rights are just as important and, often, even equate to healthcare rights during the COVID-19 pandemic. During this crisis, essential and lifesaving information and updates about local and international efforts to respond to and mitigate the impacts of the pandemic have to be made available using language(s) accessible and understandable to as many groups of people as possible. Using the lens of language justice, this paper analysed 238 official - information materials on COVID-19 from social media pages of the Department of Health (DOH) regional offices in hopes of unpacking the injustice that those who speak minor languages in multilingual Philippines experience. The hegemonic presence of major languages in the materials was observed as a majority of the information materials were published in Tagalog and English, whereas the Mother Tongues were unequally represented. The researchers argue that more Filipinos are at risk of contracting the virus, as the languages in which lifesaving information are presented are limited and unequal. Autonomy and decentralisation of local government offices and representation of speakers of the minority languages in the production and publication of materials will be an inclusive, sustainable, and participatory community approach to COVID-19 as a language rights emergency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the sociological turn in translation studies, researchers' attention has shifted from studying a translatum to the translator. In connection with unexplored socio-psychological aspects of translator-oriented research, their happiness at work has been paid scant attention. More recently, interest in the translation process as a 'situated activity', i.e. the translator's workplace, has come to the fore. Intermingling these new research avenues, the overarching aim of the paper is to find out to what extent ergonomics of translation has an influence on translators' happiness at work. More specifically, components of organizational ergonomics of translation will be explored, along with their impact on agency translators' happiness at work. The paper is built upon a quantitative analysis of 98 questionnaires completed by agency translators in Slovakia. The paper explores correlations between the agency translators' support for workflow, opportunity to discuss translation problems, autonomy at work, time pressure, clarity of deadlines, feedback, variety in deskbound routines on the one hand and happiness at work (HAW) on the other hand. The research has revealed significant relationships between the translators' HAW and their working environment, text type, time pressure and ability to maintain concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on an invite for the submission of research papers on the topic related to orality and translation.

Corpus-based translations are reported to be particularly effective for both students and professionals. This paper presents a case study with 15 Italian students enrolled in a bachelor program in translation studies. The students performed two tasks. During the first, they had to correct the shortcomings of a target text (in English) on volcano hiking. While correcting, they had to indicate the language tools used to correct the translation mistakes. During the second task, the students compiled and interrogated a corpus, re-assessed the target text and reviewed their own corrections in light of corpus evidence. A final questionnaire was administrated at the end of the second task. The paper findings highlight that corpus analysis can help students make more learned and informed translation decisions. Furthermore, corpora allow to grasp word use in contexts, find collocations or fixed expressions and deliver more fine-grained translation works. Nonetheless, the questionnaire results remarked that students may feel overwhelmed by Internet data and 'distracted' by corpus evidence itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to valid and reliable neuropsychological measures for use with culturally diverse groups in Australia is limited. The aim of this study was to adapt and translate a selection of English language neuropsychological tests, employ several existing standardised Greek language tests, and provide specific reference group normative data for Greek Australian older adults. A convenience sample of 90 healthy older Greek Australians (M = 77.14 ± 4.46; range = 70–85), with a primary school level of education (M = 5.60 ± 0.68; Range = 4–6), was recruited throughout the Melbourne metropolitan area. Several neuropsychological measures were administered which assessed domains such as verbal and visual memory, confrontational naming, and executive functions. Regression modelling revealed that age, education and sex predicted between 5% and 35% of the variance of test scores, with age being the most significant predictor of performance across a majority of measures. Therefore, the normative data for all tests were stratified according to three age bands (70–74, 75–79, 80–85). The use of culture-specific tests and norms for assessment of older Greek-Australians with limited education may facilitate accuracy of assessment findings, improve diagnostic outcomes, and reduce misclassification. What is already known about this topic: The use of English language tests with migrant populations and tests developed in nations of origin can lead to misclassification when applied to long-term immigrant peers. The use of test content derived from English language tests has been found to be inappropriate for use with culturally diverse groups. Access to norms and tests for assessment of culturally diverse groups in Australia are limited. What this topic adds: This paper provides a template for translating and adapting existing English language tests for use with culturally diverse groups. This is the first study to provide a set of comprehensive norms for Greek Australian older adults. Utilising culturally appropriate and specific reference group norms for Greek-Australians may improve the accuracy of assessment findings and reduce misclassification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) technologies in healthcare have immense potential to improve the care of patients. While there are some emerging practices surrounding responsible ML as well as regulatory frameworks, the traditional role of research ethics oversight has been relatively unexplored regarding its relevance for clinical ML. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive research ethics framework that can apply to the systematic inquiry of ML research across its development cycle. The pathway consists of three stages: (1) exploratory, hypothesis-generating data access; (2) silent period evaluation; (3) prospective clinical evaluation. We connect each stage to its literature and ethical justification and suggest adaptations to traditional paradigms to suit ML while maintaining ethical rigor and the protection of individuals. This pathway can accommodate a multitude of research designs from observational to controlled trials, and the stages can apply individually to a variety of ML applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on a discussion in Abu Nasr al-Farabi's Book of Letters (Kitāb al-Ḥurūf), which has to do with the importation of philosophical (including scientific) discourse from one language or nation (ummah) to another. The question of importing philosophical discourse from one language or nation to another touches on Farabi's views on a number of important philosophical questions. It reveals something about his views on the nature of philosophical and scientific concepts and their relation to concepts in non-philosophical or 'popular' discourse, as well as the means of grasping previously unencountered concepts. In this article, I will discuss these issues both to ascertain Farabi's views as well as to shed some light on them in their own right. I will argue that Farabi thinks that the understanding of some novel philosophical or scientific concepts sometimes depends on the grasp of related concepts from ordinary discourse, and that experts rely on these everyday concepts in acquiring the more specialized concepts. If the same linguistic terms are used to denote both concepts, they will be ambiguous, but this can be considered a case of 'productive ambiguity,' since it aids in the acquisition of novel concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is rapidly developing interest in legal coding, the development of machine-consumable code representations of legal rules. However, interpretive ambiguities inherent in legal rules make it challenging to directly translate law into code. Interpretive ambiguities pose challenges for legal coders, who must determine the extent to which they disambiguate rules, as well as the interpretive methods applied. Similar interpretive issues have been historically addressed in the field of legal translation. This paper argues that a legal translation framework, known as the principle of fidelity, can be used to better understand and resolve interpretive ambiguities inherent in the legal coding process. Three models of fidelity prominently discussed in legal translation literature are adapted and applied to legal coding. Accordingly, the application of fidelity models to the legal coding process could provide new understanding and methods to address complex interpretive ambiguities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Traumatic Injuries Distress Scale is a patient-reported measure capturing experiences of distress following non-catastrophic musculoskeletal injuries. The original English version has shown adequate accuracy for predicting recovery trajectories up to 12 months later. Herein we describe the translation of the English TIDS into the TIDS-Spanish. The prototype version was developed through a two-step forwards-back translation involving four independent bilingual speakers. 73 participants (51% female, mean age 47 years, 32% acute) with musculoskeletal pain responded to the prototype through an online platform or in paper format through a single administration. A series of hypotheses including correlation with an external standard and factor structure were tested for both concurrent and factorial validity compared to those of the English version. Despite an overall higher mean TIDS score in the Spanish-speaking participants compared to the original English development cohort, all hypotheses for concurrent associations with external pain criteria were satisfied and the three-factor structure of the original was replicated in the new TIDS-Spanish (CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.05). While prospective data collection is needed to explore the equivalence in prognostic validity, all other analyses indicated psychometric equivalence of the new TIDS-Spanish with the original English version. The Traumatic Injuries Distress Scale has previously shown prognostic validity for stratifying people with acute musculoskeletal injury into risk-recovery trajectories. A Spanish-translated version of the TIDS was developed and evaluated for psychometric equivalence with the original English version. Results indicate that we were successful in creating a conceptually and empirically equivalent version of the TIDS for use in Spanish-speaking populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Psychoanalysis is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the U.S. grows more diverse, researchers decide how to include non-English speakers. Budget limitations may not allow for translation of all instruments. Study teams must determine which instruments must receive certified translations. This paper describes the procedures utilized in one U.S.-based, multi-site clinical trial to decide which study instruments should undergo certified translation and discusses dialect review procedures. The team determined which instruments (n = 31) would be translated using a qualitative evaluation to determine the need to obtain a Spanish-language certified translation: 1) "Could the meaning of these questions change (and potentially elicit a different response) if the translations were not consistent?" and 2) "Is it acceptable to have potential inconsistencies in these data?" Instruments for which question 1 was "yes" and question 2 was "no" (e.g., eligibility, outcomes, safety) were marked for certified translation. A dialect committee reviewed all translated patient-reported outcome measures to ensure that the translations had accounted for different meanings of words based on respondents' countries or regions of origin and recommended changes where necessary. Fourteen interview-based instruments underwent certified forward-only translation into U.S. Spanish. The remaining 2 interview-based instruments were translated via real-time conversation with participants by bilingual staff. Six forms were administrative and not translated. Five out of 9 professionally translated patient-reported outcome measures were amended to better reflect relevant dialects. In the absence of specific guidance, it is feasible for study team members to 1) determine which instruments should undergo certified translation and 2) incorporate dialect into translations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into the intricate relationship between translation, authorship, and comparative literature, and analyzes how the postmodern concept of translation redefines the traditional boundaries of authorship. The case of Vibha Maurya's translation of Don Quixote to Hindi is used as a way to problematize these concepts in the context of postcolonialism, intercultural dialogue, and the theory of the "third space of enunciation," which is the specific socio-political locus of enunciation for Maurya's translation. Vibha Maurya's decision to translate Don Quixote directly from Spanish to Hindi posed a double challenge with literary and political consequences. Not only did she have to deal with a rigid, canonical, Indian academy that had been historically controlled by men, but also she made a point to discard all translations from English, which had traditionally been regarded as the "original" source of all renderings of Don Quixote, questioning the fidelity of previous versions and closing the gap with Spain's Golden Age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article takes up an ANTian sensibility to explore the enactment of a policy for educational collaboration in one region in the South Island of Aotearoa New Zealand (New Zealand). The case offers potential for considering the benefits of a sociology of associations (Latour 2005/2007): a Treaty-based bicultural nation, school atomisation consequential to a decades-long 'system' of self-managing schools, and geological actors in the form of damaging earthquakes in 2010 and 2011. The article considers the introduction of voluntary Kāhui Ako | Communities of Learning as a policy initiative intended to address achievement and equity concerns by providing support for collaboration. While the policy as articulated focuses on the aspirations and abilities of human actors in leadership roles, I take up ideas around actants, symmetry, alliance and translation to foreground other actors – both present and long absent – involved in myriad processes of policy enactment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper invites us to reconsider our usual understanding of infancy, no longer as something that passes but as infantia. The Latin word infantia, which is not easy to translate, means a lack of speech, a lack of eloquence, and also infancy, babyhood, and dumbness. Drawing on Barbara Cassin's works on the untranslatables, I propose to translate infantia, starting by not-understanding, and then by taking detours by different texts, in-between languages. Exercising translation allows us to expose ourselves to the differences between languages. The exercise in translation that unfolds will help to challenge some familiar distinctions such as infant/adult and uneducated/educated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As central aspects of legal translation practice and research, legal terminology and phraseology are a prominent area of inquiry in Legal Translation Studies (LTS). This introductory paper reviews the varying conditions and challenges of dealing with conceptual incongruity in inter-systemic legal translation, on the one hand, and the implications of ensuring harmonization and consistency in multilingual legal texts through institutional translation, on the other. These endeavors are compounded by the significant hybridity and polysemy of legal terminology, as multiple intersections co-exist between legal orders, legal fields and other specialized domains, and between legal and general language. As illustrated by this special issue, corpus-based methodologies have proven particularly fruitful approaches to investigating these issues. They support the description of terminological and phraseological features of legal genres, as well as the acceptability analysis required to make translation decisions and to elaborate lexicographical resources in line with legal and institutional translators' needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines cultural and semantic challenges in translating Qur'anic dialogue from Arabic to English. Using Arthur Arberry's translation as a case study, this study aims: to find Arberry's translation strategies to render Qur'anic dialogue between God and Moses from Arabic into English, and assess whether these strategies are successful in revealing the intended message. This study compares Arberry's translation with al-Hilālī and Khān's to examine the differences in translation between a non-Muslim Arabist translator of English origin and Muslim translators of Arabic and non-Arabic origin. The study assumes that the cultural background of the translators affects the accuracy of the translation. Arberry's translation is amongst the most credible Qur'anic translations, while al-Hilālī and Khān's translation is the most widely available translation in English-speaking countries. This paper considers Venuti's domestication and foreignization strategies as a standard in the analysis of the cultural differences between the source text (ST) and the target text (TT). Newmark's translation strategies are used to determine the frequency of domestication and foreignization in the translation of Qur'anic dialogue. The findings provide a more accurate guide for translation of Qur'anic texts to uncover the intended meaning and reduce cultural and semantic loss in the TT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Student course evaluation is a mandatory part of quality assurance systems in Norwegian higher education, aiming to enhance educational quality. However, several studies report that student course evaluation mainly is used for quality assurance and not for quality enhancement. Drawing upon translation theory, this paper analyses how the quality assurance system (QAS) that regulates evaluation, the actors and the arenas of translation at a Norwegian university affect student evaluation practice and its uses. Academic leaders were interviewed and evaluation documents analysed. Results show that the leaders were not familiar with the university's established guidelines for an ideal evaluation practice in QAS. The academics described an evaluation practice that seems to be more internal-driven rooted in their values, previous experiences, local cultures and traditions rather than on regulations like QAS. Their translation of evaluation can be regarded as modified translation. The academics' approach to evaluation seems to be based upon a logic of appropriateness. The different actors involved in evaluation processes seem to base their actions on contradicting logics. This can help understand why a de-coupling from evaluation described in QAS occurred. These findings and the academics' perspectives should be taken into consideration when future evaluation systems are created.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To pinpoint the hypothesized change of status of French and English as the hypercentral language in Portugal by the mid-twentieth century, this paper follows the methodology suggested by Johan Heilbron for the identification of a world system of book translation. It accordingly maps relations between language groups and analyses translation flows regarding source languages, considering data on translation in Portugal byIndex Translationum, Pordata, and the National Library of Portugal and on literary translation by the online databaseIntercultural Literature in Portugal 1930–2000: A Critical Bibliography. This paper thereby endeavours to track the evolution of the announced hypercentrality of English in the Portuguese (literary) system in the twentieth century. The data analysed in this paper show that it was Spanish, rather than English, that became the quantitatively hypercentral language in the Portuguese literary book market once the cultural clout of France began to wane. This evidence, therefore, calls for a rethinking of the oft-mentioned centrality of English in contemporary Portugal and for the possible consideration of a regional system. However, it also suggests the need for a rethinking of the conceptual frameworks used to address linguistic imperialism and cultural hegemonies, so as to not only consider numerical data but also go beyond them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper advances the concepts of translatophobia (the fear of translation) and translatophilia (the fetishisation of translation) to elucidate the tensions pivoting around translation in the development of copyright law. It addresses one specific issue at the intersection of these terms: 'Does copyright law contradict itself in speaking of translations as original works?' The paper argues that postpositivist theory conceives of originality and authorship as zero-sum concepts, hence positioning the translation and the original, the translator and the author in an irreconcilable relationship. It proposes a distributed view of originality and authorship, which allows us to appreciate how the author of an underlying work maintains a stake in the work over recursive scales of transformation, while allowing the translator(s) to share out that stake as the work distributes and scales itself across different languages, modes and media. The paper points out that the conception of translation and translators in postpositivist theory is as Romantic as how the author and the original are perceived to be constructed in copyright law, suggesting that for translation studies to engage the modern copyright regime productively, it must avoid turning translation into a fetish object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper first outlines the digital interaction and integration in the dynamic process of production, circulation and consumption of Asia-produced media that evoke the shared values and traditions among Asian audiences. It then introduces the papers collected in this special issue, which explore a variety of widespread but underexplored phenomena in the newly interconnected Asian cultural industries and the sites of digital convergence between production and consumption (digital prosumption). In regard to future research, it suggests that multidisciplinary expertise in and from the region should maintain a critical, dialogical connection with Western scholarship in order to contribute to a holistic understanding of the constantly evolving translational creativity in the global audiovisual world. Simultaneously, novel practices in new media habitats, such as danmaku-titling and video remixes, pose new conceptual and ethical challenges to the present scholarship in user-generated AVT and calls for further theoretical revision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to provide a review on the state of the art of translator education into B/C languages in the Spanish post-Bologna university system. During the last ten years, Translation Studies in Spain have witnessed the implementation of new programmes adapted to the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). Universities have gained autonomy to design their translation curricula, which has led to significant differences between programmes. This could not but affect approaches to translation into B/C languages, whose role in translator education has long been considered a sensitive issue. Results from an analysis of working languages and A-B/C translation course units embedded in undergraduate and postgraduate (Master) curricula show that a large number of translator-education units no longer offer the 'inverse' translation direction. This perception is felt more strongly in Master programmes despite translation out of the A language has been listed in a number of translation competence models. More importantly, it is a competence considered important or essential in the local and European employment markets, especially in translation environments where English has a place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to use translation technology is considered a key component of a translator's translation competence. However, few studies have investigated the extent of use of translation technology, especially among student translators. This paper reports on a survey of translation technology adoption among 441 students enrolled on a Master-level Programme in Translation and Interpreting. A questionnaire was used to measure student knowledge and frequency of use for six common types of translation technology tools and resources: electronic dictionaries, search engines, online encyclopaedias, corpora, machine translation and computer-aided translation tools. The results show that there is a strong, positive correlation between student knowledge and their use of translation technology. More specifically, the second-year students generally used translation technology more frequently than the first-year students. This paper provides a baseline for future comparisons of translation technology use, which has implications for teaching translation technology in China and similar contexts elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary article brings together core theoretical and methodological threads running through the special issue – the figure of the palimpsest that underpins understandings and translations of environments, the affective experiences that constitute environmental engagements, and the urgent political questions raised as we try to understand the implications of different worlding practices in the contemporary moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the framework of descriptive translation studies, the notions of 'translation' and 'language' are deeply influenced by socially accepted ideas, as suggested by Toury. Based on Sakai's schema of co-figuration, conceptions of intelligibility affect views on linguistic continuity and consequently may determine the reception of translation. This paper argues that for intralingual translation, intelligibility may have an impact not only on the reception of the translated text, but also on the very use of the term 'translation'. The notion of intelligibility, normally applied on spoken texts following Smith and Nelson's paradigm, is expanded here to include written texts. It is used as a tool to examine how judgments concerning the intelligibility of a source text can determine positions about the necessity or the legitimacy of the translation as well as the effect it may have on its readers. The suggested relation between the reception of intralingual translations and opinions on intelligibility will be demonstrated using the reception of Tanakh Ram, the Modern Hebrew translation of the Hebrew Bible. This example focuses on the intralingual aspect rather than on religious or Biblical features of the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-five years after the emergence of corpus-based translation studies the present paper offers a critical analysis of the current state of the art in corpus-based translation studies, focusing on what it has yielded in terms of description, methodology and theory. This analysis leads to the detection of problem areas which result in limitations to progress in the field. We argue that these limitations can be overcome, by adopting a revised research agenda for empirical translation studies, with a broader methodological scope and more theoretical awareness. At the very heart of this agenda is the description of translation as an inherently multidimensional linguistic activity and product, which is simultaneously constrained by sociocultural, technological and cognitive factors, leading ultimately to a better understanding of what translation exactly is, how it is shaped by varying circumstances, and how it relates to other types of constrained communication. The added value of this research agenda is illustrated in two case studies on optional that in English complement clause constructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on mind style have demonstrated how linguistic choices influence the way the narrative world is constructed and consequently understood by the reader. Yet whether and how such mind style can be translated into different languages and cultures remains an under-investigated area of research. The current paper builds on the extensive analysis by Semino and Swindlehurst of the metaphorical mind style created in Ken Kesey's One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest by examining how the systematic patterns of metaphor in the novel were translated into Dutch. Focusing on machinery and ice metaphors, this paper shows that idiomaticity at times appears to be a driving force behind translation decisions that disrupt the stylistic coherence of narrator Bromden's mind style, sacrificing metaphors for the sake of target-language fluency and acceptability. This paper argues that stylistic coherence should take priority, and that translators should steer clear from idiomatic and 'normal' solutions and force the target language and culture to take on these idionsyncratic metaphors to re-create the novel's stylistically coherent mind style. If the metaphors are changed or deleted, this means that the reader of the translation will inevitably be presented with a different narrative world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research highlights the importance of linguistic typology to our understanding of translation universals. It tests two potential universals: process-oriented implicitation and product-oriented explicitation. Drawing on the hypothesis of thinking-for-translating, this paper analyses these universals in terms of the expression of Manner-of-motion, one of the semantic components which displays asymmetries between satellite-framed languages (e.g. Germanic languages) and verb-framed languages (e.g. Romance languages). The corpus-based method used here includes a German > Spanish parallel corpus of narrative texts and a comparable corpus in Spanish. The results confirm, on the one hand, that translations into Spanish are more implicit regarding Manner-of-motion than their corresponding German originals, and on the other hand, that these translations present a higher degree of explicitness of Manner-of-motion than comparable texts originally written in Spanish. These findings indicate that linguistic typology is key when studying translation universals, especially in intertypological scenarios, in which both the source and target languages have an impact on translation. In an attempt to systematise the resulting data, the validated universals have been reorganized into an explicitation – implicitation cline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protecting health-care provider (HCP) well-being is imperative to preserve health-care workforce capital, performance, and patient care quality. Limited evidence exists for the long-term effectiveness of HCP well-being programs, with less known about physiotherapists specifically. To review and synthesize qualitative research describing experiences of HCP, generate lessons learned from the greater population of HCP participating in workplace well-being programs, and then to inform programs and policies for optimizing psychological well-being in an understudied population of physiotherapists. This qualitative meta-synthesis included a systematic literature search conducted in September 2020; critical appraisal of results; and data reduction, re-categorizing, and thematic extraction (reciprocal translation) with interpretive triangulation. Twenty-five papers met the inclusion criteria. Participants included physicians, nurses, and allied health providers. All programs targeted the individual provider and included psychoeducational offerings, supervision groups, coaching, and complementary therapies. Four themes were constructed: 1) beneficial outcomes across a range of programs; 2) facilitators of program success; 3) barriers to program success; and 4) unmet needs driving recommendations. The findings enhance our understanding of diverse individual-level programs to address HCP well-being. Beneficial outcomes were achieved across program types with system-level support proving critical; however, HCP described barriers to program success (HCP characteristics, off-site programs, institutional culture) and remaining needs (resources, ethical dissonance) left unaddressed. Organizations should offer individual-level programs to support physiotherapists in the short term while pursuing long-term, system-level change to address drivers of well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The publication of French translations of Mao's canonical works in the 1950s and 1960s sparked interest among French-left intellectuals. This paper investigates Rancière's appropriation and reinvention of Mao's thinking as an illustration of the exchange between Maoism and contemporary French left-wing theories on literature and art. First, drawing on Mao's "mass line," Rancière values the autonomy of the people rather than the leadership of the Althusserian intellectual elites. Second, Rancière's "part of those that have no part" differs from Mao's "the people" in the concept's scope and in how they are transformed into political subjects. Third, deeply indebted to Mao's "the people's literature and art" that underscores the centrality of ordinary people and their lives, Rancière's theory of politics of literature unleashes the liberating force of art and literature for the sensible of ordinary people, and calls for overthrowing the hierarchy of class politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates the process we engaged in to translate and adapt a survey to examine life in an immigration detention center in Italy from the perspective of the migrants detained therein. The process consisted of: the forward translation of the original measure performed by four independent translators; a blind backward translation to identify misinterpretations or incorrect cross-cultural and contextual adaptations; a synthesis of all translations to obtain a semifinal version; the creation of an Expert Committee composed of scholars, practitioners, and migrants with experience of detention to assess equivalence and content validity; and, finally, pretesting with a group of 15 detained persons. Through this multi-step process we obtained a measure capable of grasping the context-specific meanings, needs and experiences that characterize life in detention. The challenges and benefits of a collaborative and ecological approach to measurement translation and adaption are discussed in the final section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented with topics including translating and refining measures of religious experience, exploring the religious and spiritual beliefs and experiences, and association between measures of religious experience and measures of various individual difference constructs.