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Feedback is a dialogic process in which diverse individuals are involved. In internationalised higher education, individuals with different feedback literacies are likely to participate in feedback dialogues and interactions across feedback cultures. Such intercultural interactions can be challenging; some degree of intercultural competence is needed for dialogues between cultures to be effective and appropriate for all involved. This paper brings together feedback and intercultural competence research, exploring whether developing intercultural competence specific to feedback contexts can support more effective dialogues. Narrative interviews and audio diary methods were employed over a 9-month period of time to explore the role of intercultural competence in feedback dialogues across feedback cultures. Changes over time were captured through the longitudinal design of the study. Findings show that knowledge and awareness of diverse feedback practices and cultures, intercultural critical reflection, intercultural emotional management, alongside a set of skills and attitudes towards diversity of feedback practices can impact on facilitating intercultural feedback dialogues. A framework of feedback intercultural competence is proposed, and further research is encouraged to expand upon this exploratory papers' initial contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While a rich literature has examined how central banks mobilize narratives to enrol publics in monetary policymaking, the effects of the narratives deployed in banking supervision remain neglected. Drawing on 21 expert interviews, this paper fills that lacuna through a study of stress testing, a technique that became a fixture of international banking supervision after the 2008 crisis and which the Bank of England is using to align the risk management of the United Kingdom's banks with its sense-making about emerging financial stability risks. I theorize the entanglements of the Bank's financial stability narratives with binding supervisory requirements as giving rise to a new form of 'infrastructural power'. This perspective explains why some financial sector actors see their decision-making autonomy being sapped away by the Bank's stress tests even though they work through banks' own risk sensitive calculative infrastructures. The paper's findings also point to how the infrastructural affordances of central banks' forward-looking narratives are pushing the temporal frontier of the state-economy boundary further into the future than has traditionally been considered an appropriate operational domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current accounts of the British New Right in education during the 1980s generally begin with an observation of the tensions between its neoliberal and neoconservative wings. The subsequent task becomes to explain how they could be reconciled in bringing about the fiercest reform of education in history. This article reverses the interpretive strategy. It first notes that neoliberalism and neoconservatism had hardly been distinguishable in the Black Papers published a decade earlier. Focusing on the doctrines concerning the precondition of marketising education and the meaning of parental choice, it then shows their persistent compatibility to be more an intellectual legacy inherited from the late 1960s and 1970s than a product of practical compromise under Margaret Thatcher's premiership. Therefore, what needs further exploration is instead where, how and why neoliberalism and neoconservatism did eventually diverge. This is clarified by reference to the issue of educational authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many governments find it challenging to set up a regulatory regime to govern rapidly developing Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) technologies empowered by Artificial Intelligence. This paper analyzes flexible regulation as a tool for assessing regulatory reforms that govern disruptive innovations such as AVs. After defining flexible regulation as regulation that gives regulated entities choices for how to comply with the regulatory objectives, this paper develops Regulatory Flexibility Indicators (RFI) for rule structure, enforcement structure, and regulatory feedback. We study AVs regulatory reforms that took place recently in the United Kingdom and South Korea, focusing on how such reforms have enhanced regulation flexibility. This paper finds that regulatory governance in the United Kingdom is more flexible than in South Korea, indicating aspects of further reforms for improving regulatory flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does a monumental building – the former headquarters of the Halifax Building Society – in a northern English town embody a material expression of the mutualised mortgage industry dominant in the UK at the time of its conception and construction? How does this building correspond to a specific dispositif of mutuality? I consider questions such as these through documentary research, an interview, and correspondence with an architect who worked on the project (1968–1974). The building's current use as a global banking group's 'head office' is significantly different from that which supported mutuality in the 1970s, and I consider the building's architectural and technological forms to understand how it organised a material cultural expression of the mutual building society's power, and of its members' money–power, through the mechanisation of an intensifying mortgage-handling business and the bunkering of a gradually increasing stock of mortgage paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilising Critical Race Theory (CRT) as the analytical lens and CRT composite counter-storytelling as the method, this paper seeks to illuminate the experiences of minoritised children and young people racialised as Black in relation to encounters with the exclusionary practice called 'off-rolling'. We conceptualise off-rolling as a hidden process of exclusion in education, and the stories shared in this paper bring into sharp focus the educational, relational and emotional impacts of camouflaged exclusionary practices. We offer four composite stories of exclusion to demonstrate how some of the most vulnerable, excluded, and marginalised young Black people from English urban cities experience further marginalisation because off-rolling, we argue, places learners in a space (both physically and educationally) located beyond care and inclusion. Storytelling is mobilised as a central method in CRT for challenging and exposing exclusionary practices, as it foregrounds the knowledge and lived experience of people of colour and we explore the processes of constructing such counter-stories. As an encouragement to reflection and critical conversation about unlawful exclusion and racial disparities, this paper was written with three goals in mind. The first is that it may inspire educators of colour to tell counter-stories that name their own reality and experiences of exclusion. Second, that in reading and responding to counter-stories, white educators will be encouraged to develop their own racial literacy. Finally, the third goal is that the call to action is answered from within and beyond the confines of academia, where inclusion and racial justice in education can no longer be left to wait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on tensions between decarbonisation and energy poverty priorities in Great Britain's liberalised electricity markets. Switching electricity suppliers in this market can result in significant benefits for those on bad deals. Further benefits are determined by the regulator. However, many of the energy poor lack the capabilities to switch and access these benefits. Community organisations play an important role in providing such access through remedial action. Using the capabilities approach, this paper combines quantitative and qualitative organisational data analysis at a community level to reveal an increasing share of the population who could benefit from switching and who agree to switching. At the same time, eligibility for one-off discounts on electricity bills to support the energy poor has increased sharply in recent years. This data points towards climate mitigation policies and market structures which benefit wealthier groups at the expense of more deprived groups who lack capabilities. At the micro scale, data access and intermediation at various levels and scales can help support more targeted interventions that facilitate well-being and enhanced capabilities. At the macro level, liberalised retail electricity markets need to be accommodated by safety nets and supportive institutional arrangements to avoid competitive pressures translating into complexity and opacity for consumers. Failure to equitably address capability conflicts, also framed as energy justice tensions and trade-offs, risks reinforcing and creating new injustices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we want to show our appreciation for a major figure in our discipline by reading his work carefully, juxtaposing this material with historical narratives that place him in context. We think he would have appreciated the imbrication of his ideas with those of pertinent scholarly forebears, the reactions against socialism, impact of the Cold War, as well as the philanthropic politics that have shaped our intellectual parameters. As we make clear, M.J. Baker was a pioneer, justifying and extending the reach of marketing in the United Kingdom. He wore many hats: academic, editor, entrepreneur, and institution builder. Core themes in his writing are outlined, with attention devoted to his paradigmatic, epistemological and ethical commitments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes responses of Great Britain to the European Union (EU) White Paper. View of Great Britain on governance; Support of Great Britain for a code of conduct on consultation; Responses from EU governance actors.

A growing body of literature has focused on issues of migration in career development and guidance, however typically this research has focused on international migration rather than migration within a country's borders. This paper presents a specific case study of internal migration in the UK context, focusing on young people from two island communities as they move through higher education and into the working world. The paper is specifically focused on the importance of cultural differences, including workplace cultures, with regard to students' career development. The findings demonstrate the relevance of internal migration pathways to career development and indicate that a culturally informed approach to career guidance practice is important when working with internal as well as international migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid increase of negotiated out of court settlements in corporate crime cases has attracted significant academic attention. How the terms of settlements are constructed, however, remains under-studied. To address this gap, the paper observes that the terms of settlements often include a basket of allegations widely spread across time and geography. The paper conceptualises this as a form of 'bundling'. The paper empirically explores the unique dynamics of corporate bribery cases that enable prosecutors to engage in bundling, and deconstructs bundling into two typologies (allegation bundling and enforcement bundling). From this perspective, this paper analyses official enforcement documentation relating to international bribery cases, supplemented with data from interviews with key informants who have experience of settlement negotiations in the US, the UK, and other countries. The analysis reveals that bundling provides efficiencies when resolving corporate crime cases, offers discounts to corporate defenders, and incentivizes coordinated multilateral enforcement. The practice of bundling allegations and enforcers confirms the character of negotiated settlements as a symbolic criminal law tool designed to reform the accused corporation through negotiation, persuasion and compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a rewrite of the chapter on the Home Office in the 1987 Public Expenditure White Paper issued by the British government. Background on the government's White Paper on public spending; Aims and objectives of the agency; Spending on magistrates' courts; Spending on immigration control and citizenship.

Editorial. Comments on the Green Paper on mental health, a consultative paper by the outgoing Conservative government of Great Britain. Response to three public perceptions of mental health; Flaws of the paper; Insufficient emphasis to the role of primary health services; Suggestions for mental health policy.

The article presents information about the University of Brighton's third annual conference on Human Resource Management (HRM) in the Hospitality Industry, held in London, England on February 10, 1994. The focus of the conference was "Changing Structures and Changing Responsibilities." Gill Maxwell of Glasgow Caledonian University talked of "Competitiveness and Human Resource Management in the UK Hotel Industry." Her paper examined the case for a central role for HRM in the industry against the background of the general organisational status and structure of HRM. It discussed the structures and responsibilities of the HRM function in two units of international hotel chains where HRM is, untypically for the industry as a whole, viewed as centrally important. Sandra Watson and Norma D'Annunzio-Green of Napier University, Edinburgh, in their paper, "The Influence of Organisational Structure on Personnel Management: A Move to Human Resource Management," investigated the implications of organisational restructuring on labour management within the industry.

Presents a list of several trade union organizations in Great Britain.

When discussing connections between the theoretical and the practical in social work, the conventional phrase underpinning theory is routinely deployed. This phrase suggests that theory provides a solid substrate or a set of well-laid foundations upon which the edifice of hands-on intervention can be constructed. This paper argues that the relationship between practice debate and theoretical conceptualizations in the sphere of social work is rather more complicated than this. In particular, it considers how solid the foundation provided by theory really is and whether it may be more appropriate in some cases to talk about theory and its underpinning practice. Drawing on work in the field of youth justice and child welfare, the notion of paradigm shift and the complex inter-relation between paradigm formation and changing practice are explored. In particular, consideration is given to radical shifts in the models which social workers in Great Britain have been enjoined to apply to young offenders and to young people abused through prostitution. Attention is paid to the origins of these models and to their implications in practice. Conceptual models, which are applied to social work, define the subject matter of this paper, legitimating knowledge, theory and modes of intervention.

Presents the study entitled "Protein Turnover in Chicken Skeletal Muscle: Understanding Protein Dynamics on a Proteome-wide Scale," at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch.

Presents the study entitled “The Effect of Dietary Concentration of Rapeseed Meal or Whole Rapeseed on Broiler Performance and Litter Quality,” at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch.

Presents the study entitled “How Many Broiler Feeding Tests Are Required to Elaborate Working Models for the Prediction of Nutritional Effects of Pronutrients in Praxis?,” at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch.

Presents the study entitled “The Predictions From Coping Theory Are Not Upherd for Severe Featherpeckers,” at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch.

Presents the study entitled “The Effects of Lighting Programmes With Twelve Hours of Darkness Per Day Provided in One, Six or Twelve Hour Intervals on the Productivity and Health of Broiler Chickens,” at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch.

Presents the study entitled “The Effects of Selenium and PUFA Supplementation in the Diet of Young Broiler Breeders on the Incorporation of Selenium in the Egg and in the Tissue of the Day Old Broiler Chick,” at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch.

Presents the study entitled “Broiler Breeders: Potential Alternatives to Restricted Feeding,” at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch.

Presents the study entitled “Evaluation of the Immune Response and Efficacy in Chickens of Vaccinces Prepared from P. multocida Capsular Type A Grown in Iron-Depleted Conditions,” at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch.

Presents the study entitled “Effects of the Inclusion of Thymus vulgaris L. Oil in Diets With and Without Enzymes, on Nutrient Digestibility in Broilers," at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch.

Presents the study entitled “Effect of Thyme Oil and Garlic Powder on Microbial Fermentation in Various Sections of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers,” at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch.

Presents the study entitled “The Effects of Supplementation of Maize-based Diets With Exogenous Phytase on Amino Acid Digestibility and Nitrogen Retention by Young Broiler Chicks,” at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch.

Presents the study entitled "Naked Oats: Metabolisable Energy Yield From a Range of Varieties in Broilers, Cockerels and Turkeys," at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch.

Presents the study entitled “New Advances in Controlling Poultry Disease,” at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch.

Presents the study entitled "Parasites Genetics and the Immune Host: A Novel Strategy in the Search for a Vaccine Against Eimeria ssp," at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch.

Presents the study entitled "Effect of Thyme Oil and Garlic Powder on the Nutritive Value of Soybean Meal," at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch.

Presents the study entitled "The Effect of Increased Sodium in Feed on Pulmonary Hypertension-induced Ascites and Right Ventricular Failure in Broiler Chickens," at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch.

Presents the study entitled "The Effect of Increased Sodium in Feed on Pulmonary Hypertension-induced Ascites and Right Ventricular Failure in Broiler Chickens," at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch.

Presents the study entitled "Does Gonadotrophin Inhibiting Hormone (GnIH) play a Functional Role in Avian reproduction," at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the WPSA UK Branch in Great Britain.

Between 1809 and 1820, Thomas Knight (1775–1853) published quite a few papers on mathematics and its applications. These show him to have been surprisingly well-versed in French analytical mathematics at a time when French works were little read by his British contemporaries. InBSHM Bulletin2, Gloria Edwards and I published a paper (Craik and Edwards 2004) entitled ‘In search of Thomas Knight’, designated below as ‘[1]’, that examined Knight’s life and work. This follow-up paper gives further biographical information that links him with Edinburgh; it describes some more of his publications that were previously overlooked (for notice of the latter, I am grateful to a correspondent who wishes to remain anonymous); and it records some remarks about his work by his contemporaries. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have become an integral component of urban planning practice in the last 30 years. The applications, utility and fit of specific technologies within planning practice have been widely discussed, however the use of ICTs by planning practitioners beyond individual case studies is unknown. This paper explores the results of an online survey of Australian and UK planners and comparatively benchmarks the types and extent of use of ICTs in planning practice, and the factors inhibiting or enabling the use of different ICTs. The paper concludes with reflections on the relationship between ICTs and urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores two forms of entanglements between military and civilian phenomena and activities, in contexts of recovery from damaging events. One concerns global civil–military entanglements in low earth orbital space, where recovery from damage is necessary for sustaining the civilian and military service support systems on which we increasingly depend. The other uses the damage caused by the UK state's regimes of financial austerity to highlight how gendered, spatialized forms of personal labour through military Reserve forces sustain recovery. Both suggest ways in which military and political geography and geographers can find new ways of thinking through civil–military entanglements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bringing together insights from feminist political economy and everyday financialization, this paper explores the complex nature of women's pension decisions. Women in the UK experience structural constraints originating from a pension system which ignores socially reproductive activities, and they face limitations in pension planning due to prevalent gender norms. Both aspects have a significant impact on women's long-term financial wellbeing and yet little attention has been paid to how they operate within these constraints, ultimately leading to women's behaviors being construed as passive or irrational. Drawing on 61 interviews, our paper conceptualizes pension practices adopted by women through gendered finance rationality, defined as variegated financial practices shaped by the gendered context in which they arise. Rather than being irrational or passive victims of an unequal welfare system, women actively engage with the limitations of the pension system and seek out asset strategies which seem more suited to their life trajectories, but implicitly reinforce gendered wealth inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a historical analysis to demonstrate the connections and developmental links which emerged between cookbooks and television in Britain after World War II, focused on television broadcasts in the period 1946 and 1976. In this paper, I discuss how early presenters of British television cookery programmes, and their publishers, had vision and marketing skills which enabled links between visual and printed media, and established a pattern of connected cookbook and television production which is taken for granted today. I examine the connected television and publishing careers of three early British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) television cooking pioneers: Marguerite Patten, Philip Harben and Fanny Cradock, who collectively dominated on-screen cooking programmes from the late 1940s until the mid-1970s. By analyzing their cookbooks, particularly their jackets and promotional materials, and interpreting archival research conducted in the BBC Written Archives and other documentary archives, their contributions will be discussed alongside the development of the television-connected cookbook in Britain. I conclude that these television cooks and presenters made a significant contribution on and off our screens during that period which established the connection between television cooking programmes and cookbooks in Britain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper answers calls for further theoretical work into types of pictures used in health information. Pictures influence message reception, interpretation, and retention, making this an important area for research in health communication. A content analysis was used to produce a systematic and theory-orientated assessment of the use of pictures in cancer screening information materials (N = 44) produced for invitees to either cervical, breast or bowel screening in the United Kingdom. The main categories investigated in this study were function, content and style of the pictures. Pictures used in cancer screening information materials were twice as likely to be used to demonstrate what something looked like or depict a situation (display pictures) than to convey a specific cancer screening message (message pictures). The messages being conveyed were predominantly related to screening procedures (51%) or outcomes (38%) rather than screening experiences (6%) or decisions (9%). Pictures were rarely used to portray a narrative in the materials (n = 12). The paper brings conceptual clarity to the ways pictures can be, and have so far been used, to communicate cancer screening information. This study identifies that pictures conveying a cancer-related message, and pictures in the format of a narrative, should be used more often in print cancer screening communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debates about how best to support students' transition from school to university have re-emerged periodically since at least the 1970s. This paper focuses upon one aspect of this transition: how to develop the quantitative skills students acquire at school throughout the first year of their degree. We report on an attempt to inject pedagogic innovation into the teaching of quantitative methods to first-year geography undergraduates at a large Russell Group university in the UK. More specifically, we report on moving to a pedagogic approach of student-centred, inquiry-based learning, which uses quantitative methods to investigate the issue of air pollution. We explore whether "statistical anxiety" is still a common experience of undergraduate geographers and the extent to which pedagogical innovation can help to alleviate this. Although the focus is on UK Geography, the paper has wider relevance to anywhere geographical research methods are taught. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experience in the UK with auto enrolling workers in pensions indicates that once enrolled, most workers stay enrolled, suggesting that auto enrollment may be a desirable policy for other countries. However, the experience with auto enrollment is much different in Poland. This paper examines the argument that inertia is not a strong force when workers distrust in the security of future pension benefits. We present a simple conceptual framework where trust affects the subjective probability distribution of workers relating to future pension benefits. We investigate how this framework might explain the high opt-out rate in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite heightened stigmatisation of fatness in gay/bisexual/queer (GBQ) men's spaces, geographers have yet to explore the nexus of men, sexualities, and fatness. 'Bear' is a term used to describe a set of global identities, communities and bodies of GBQ men who are usually large and hairy. Spaces created and used by Bears have been described as inclusive of fat GBQ men, but no geographic research has investigated such men's experiences in themThis paper presents findings from 'Bearspace', a study of Bear spaces in the UK from 2018 to 2020. It shows that 'comfort' was how fat GBQ men framed their experiences of both Bear spaces ('comfortable') and mainstream LGBTQ spaces ('uncomfortable'), and that this meant 'standing out' or 'fitting in' amongst a majority of proximate thin or fat bodies respectively. However the paper also demonstrates that fat stigma persists in Bear spaces, and thatit is part of how Bear spaces are produced as comfortable for most fat GBQ men, through their awareness that they are not the fattest man present. The paper concludes by asserting the significance of differences between spatially proximate fat bodies for the relational conceptualisation of fatness and fat stigma, and for making fat-inclusive spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the forms of sociality that are implicit in discussions about a range of smart projects in one actually-existing smart city. Current scholarship on smart cities focuses almost entirely on their digital infrastructure and on the figure of the 'smart citizen'. This paper argues that smart city projects also emerge and develop through specific understandings of the social. The paper explores understandings of smart sociality by analysing nearly sixty interviews with a wide range of actors involved in smart city projects in the UK city of Milton Keynes. Implicit in those interviews are three overlapping but distinct forms of smart sociality, which the paper terms sociological, neoliberal and cybernetic. The paper argues that it is important to engage both empirically and theoretically with these three understandings of the social in relation to smart, because they suggest that the reconfiguration of human activity assumed in smart city discourses is more diverse than most current scholarship acknowledges. The paper concludes by arguing that if this diversity is to become a critical resource, urban scholarship must give more empirical and conceptual attention to cybernetic forms of sociality in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper critiques key international teaching excellence and higher education outcomes frameworks for their lack of attention to epistemic equality. It subsequently argues that adequate 'datafication' of these frameworks, to demonstrate the extent to which universities offer teaching experiences which promote intellectual equivalence of all 'knowers' could advance present understandings of teaching excellence beyond benchmarked performativity. The paper theorises the philosophical basis of a changed 'datafication' process under selected national and supra-national frameworks for measuring teaching excellence at universities and shows, by statistically modelling selected national data, how a 'metric' evaluating universities on epistemic equality could work in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on developments relevant to education in Great Britain as of October 1973. Nigel Grant, reader in education at the University of Edinburgh, joined the Editorial Board of "Comparative Education" magazine. The eight session of the Standing Conference of European Ministers of Education was held in June 1973, which focused on "The Educational Needs of the 16-19 Age Group." UNESCO released its latest publication "Present Problems in the Democratization of Secondary and Higher Education." The Schools Council and the Standing Conference on University Entrance published the Working Paper 46, entitled "16-19: Growth and Response, 2. Examination Structure" and Working Paper 47, "Preparation for Degree Courses."

For mothers, time is experienced in unique patterns reflecting mother-child relationships shaped by caring responsibilities and producing notions of belonging. The temporal and spatial rhythms of mothers' lives are determined by interembodiment and co-presence; particularly apparent when offspring are infants and incapable of independent mobility and self-care. For most mothers these rhythms evolve as children grow and develop, with a particular increase in independence experienced by many mothers when their children reach school age. However, for home educating mothers, the constant interembodiment and co-presence of the mother-child relationship extends into late childhood resulting in alternative habitus to mothers who attend to school and to work. This paper draws on blogs authored by unschooling mothers in the UK, Australia and the USA – mothers whose children engage in a child-led form of home education - to explore a geography of motherhood that contrasts with the mainstream experiences that determine socio-cultural and policy-generating expectations. In so doing, this paper contributes to geographical discourse concerning the way in which motherhood impacts on experiences of time and space whilst also challenging mainstream representations of motherhood and particularly the widespread problematisation of caring. This paper demonstrates the way that caring relationships embed an individual in complex reciprocal networks leading to a particular identity-in-space which in turn influences, and is influenced by, temporal rhythms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The latest issue of Rural Theology includes a review of a book that advocates for a research-based approach to rural ministry. The review highlights the relevance of this approach for further reflection in the UK. The issue also features three papers that explore the impact of empirical studies on specific areas of ministry and mission. These papers examine the relationship between fostering a relational culture and faith development, the contribution of rural church schools to a sense of belonging, and the attraction of intuitive types to rural churches shaped in the Catholic tradition. Additionally, the issue includes a discussion of the Christian poetry of Andrew Young and its place in the tradition of rural parson poets. [Extracted from the article]

In the weeks before it declared independence, the Continental Congress was already at work building the institutions it would need to maintain the new republic. In June 1776, a committee was appointed to explore linking the 13 provincial legislatures in a Confederation. Another was tasked to consider how the United Colonies, soon to become the United States of America, could protect itself against Great Britain by striking treaties with European powers. But before these committees were formed, the Congress first appointed a "Committee on Spies" to deal with a chronic problem: how the law should treat "persons giving intelligence to the enemy, or supplying them with provisions." The resolutions that were the Committee's answer re-defined the law of treason, substituting a new notion of American sovereignty in place of the allegiance that had been owed the British monarchy. They drew a bright line between those lukewarm or hostile to the Revolution, and the new American identity embraced by its supporters. And they placed limits on the military's ability to try civilians charged with spying by court-martial, setting a precedent for American military justice. This paper argues that the impact of the Committee's work has been under-examined, as has been its influence on George Washington and the evolving American policy of military deference to civil authority in matters of justice. It explores how the Committee's "Resolves" prompted the creation of new treason statutes in nearly all the United "States," which in turn prompted hundreds of prosecutions. The paper revises scholars' views on how and why the Spies Committee was formed. It traces the Committee's contribution to language incorporated by the Declaration of Independence and in the Constitution's article on treason, drafted 13 years later by a scholar who had been a Spies Committee member. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper brings together a range of debates on the left that address TVET's future in current context. At the heart of these debates rest two issues. The first addresses competing views of capital and the second focuses on the contradiction between the interests of capital and workers. The paper argues that capital is not all of a piece and that decent work that validates human flourishing is not completely unknown. However, as with other forms of waged labour, such work is predicated on capitalist relations and interests and it is important not to overlook waged labour as a site of struggle and contestation. Consequently, when circumstances alter as a result of the development of new technology, itself is a social process, or when the balance of power shifts in favour of capital, such labour may be dispensed with or become so deskilled that it is hardly recognisable. The paper is structured in the following way. The initial sections address the paper's genesis, a discussion of corporate social responsibility and anti-work that enables an engagement with differing conceptualisations of capital. The subsequent sections, Restrictive and Expansive Learning and Thinking about TVET focus on the contradictory interests of workers and capital. The paper closes with a discussion of TVET and considers responses to current conditions that necessitate an engagement with an earlier tradition of adult and community education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]