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Engagement in complex, challenging and multifaceted model-eliciting activities is considered helpful for preparing learners for everyday life. The current study seeks to trace the evolution of modelling routines during two model-eliciting activities. To identify how these routines emerged and evolved, we video-recorded a group of five prospective teachers as they worked on two model-eliciting activities. We then transcribed the recordings and analysed the prospective teachers' discussion using the lens of learning as routinization. Specifically, in the participants' work on the two model-eliciting activities, we identified three routines that emerged and evolved during their discussion. The main routine focused on integrating all the components provided to create a model. The other routines entailed assigning values to numerical and qualitative data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on responsiveness in high variety manufacturing environments. To achieve it, the article proposes to develop Dynamic Response Capabilities (DRCs) of the manufacturing system defined as the abilities to readjust the planned operating parameters of workload, capacity, and lead time, in the wake of disturbances. To inform their development, built on the Workload Control theory, a routine-based framework is proposed. The framework supports an integrated approach for the implementation of adaptive decision-making routines for workload, capacity, and lead time readjustments at different stages in the order fulfilment process. Findings from two empirical cases show the appropriateness of the framework to develop and utilise DRCs in different settings of disturbances. Results of a simulation study, with one of the case companies, also shows the effectiveness of the framework to drive performance improvements in presence of recurring disturbances leading to demand variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both cognitive theory and institutional theory teach that human decision-making is strongly determined by rule-following behavior. This study researched to what extent personality traits or individual agency explain why people want to deviate from these rules. An exploratory case study in a training department of a hotel school showed how personality traits are related to the level of rule-following behavior. Regarding agency, results indicate a partial relation between agency and rule-following behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe algorithmic differentiation as it can be used in algorithms for global optimization. We focus on the algorithmic differentiation methods implemented in the COCONUT Environment for global nonlinear optimization. The COCONUT Environment represents each factorable optimization problem as a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Various inference modules implemented in this software environment can serve as building blocks for solution algorithms. Many of them use techniques based on various forms of algorithmic differentiation for computing approximations or enclosures of functions or their derivatives. The algorithmic differentiation in the COCONUT Environment not only provides point evaluations but also range enclosures of derivatives up to order 3, as well as slopes up to order 2. Care is taken to ensure that rounding errors are treated correctly. The ranges of the enclosures can be tightened by combining the evaluation routines with constraint propagation. Advantages and pitfalls of this method are also outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most methods for the FIR differentiator design, published so far, have rather complex algorithms, requiring significant computing time. In addition, their design procedures and equations differ for the cases of even and odd differentiator length. FIR differentiators (filters) designed by these methods mostly have the passband group delay level corresponding to that of the linear phase FIR filters. In that sense, the design procedure of the first and higher order FIR full-band differentiators, proposed in this paper, is not only more efficient, but general too. Its efficiency consists in the direct (by this means - faster) determination of numerical values of their impulse response coefficients. Its generality consists in the fact that this method uses the same procedure and formulas for the design of differentiators with both even and odd length (without any mutual difference). (In order to avoid confusion, in the following text, the order of differentiation will be denoted by k, while the length of the FIR structure will be denoted by N). In addition, FIR differentiators designed by this method have approximately constant passband group delay level, which is lower than that of the corresponding linear phase FIR differentiators. These characteristics are enabled due to the fact that full-band differentiators, designed by the presented method, possess neither the (anti)symmetric feature of their impulse response coefficients, nor the strictly linear phase. The proposed method is based on the simultaneous approximation of the prescribed magnitude and group delay responses. The method presents an approach for the FIR differentiator frequency response approximation, directly in the complex, and not in the real domain. Two weighting coefficients, αR and αI, for the approximation of the real and imaginary part of the frequency response, respectively, are introduced. In the convenient manner, they are incorporated into properly and specifically defined quadratic measure error of the FIR differentiator's frequency response approximation. This manner enables adjusting (decreasing) contributions of the frequency response real and imaginary part approximation errors to the total approximation error. Performing a proper analysis of the real and imaginary part approximation errors (of designed FIR differentiator frequency responses), values of these two parameters, giving a small variation of the group delay response, are obtained simultaneously with very small magnitude response error in the passband. In order to illustrate the proposed method effectiveness, numerical design examples of the second order FIR full-band differentiators are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the case of a 69-year-old woman with cerebral infarction in the left anterior cingulate cortex and corpus callosum. She showed hyperlexia, which was a distinctive reading phenomenon, as well as ambient echolalia. Clinical features also included complex disorders such as visual groping, compulsive manipulation of tools, and callosal disconnection syndrome. She read words written on the cover of a book and repeated words emanating from unrelated conversations around her or from hospital announcements. The combination of these two features due to a focal lesion has never been reported previously. The supplementary motor area may control the execution of established subroutines according to external and internal inputs. Hyperlexia as well as the compulsive manipulation of tools could be interpreted as faulty inhibition of preexisting essentially intact motor subroutines by damage to the anterior cingulate cortex reciprocally interconnected with the supplementary motor area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mathematical algorithm which integrates the constitutive equations for the ductile fracture process in viscoplastic materials is described. The algorithm has been implemented in the finite-element commercial code ABAQUS by means of a constitutive USER subroutine. Based on the computational cell methodology proposed by Xia and Shih, the R-curves for pre-cracked Charpy specimens under different dynamic load conditions are obtained. In all cases it is observed that the mathematical algorithm is able to reproduce the increase in the material resistance to ductile tearing as the impact speed increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a tradition to design an elliptic (Cauer) filter using tables for the filter coefficients. Such tables may be generated using elliptic integrals, but they are limited. This note deals with a new computer subroutine which calculates the filter coefficients needed in elliptic filter design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents guidelines for using a computer program to identify the planets. Study of the distance, brightness and atmosphere of each planet; Insertion of modules to the almanac program; Subroutines called in by the program; Generation of moon and climatology data; Data lines for each planet.

The article discusses the connection between form and meaning in architecture. The author gives special focus to the use of procedures in architecture in the context of the increasing use of computers in the architectural field. Also discussed are the relationships between designs and their descriptions.

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An introduction is presented which discusses reports on logic funcitons, transistors, and multilevel coding.