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We reported a three-component, simple, one-pot, and novel method for the synthesis of 1,2,4-triazol-3-selones from the condensation of potassium selenocyanate and aroyl chlorides with furan-2-carbohydrazide at room temperature. The structures of the compounds were deduced from elemental analysis and their IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra. This new protocol offers advantages such as mild reaction conditions, easy work-up, and high yields. This prompted us to establish a novel 1,2,4-triazole ring formation method to find promising bioactive 1,2,4-triazole compounds. They are found to have exhibit diverse pharmacological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous poly caprolactone (PCL)/graphene oxide (GO) scaffold was fabricated using both particulate and foaming agents to yield better control over pore size. Then, the surface of the PCL/GO scaffold was modified by the aminolysis method for further treatment. Needle-like zinc oxide (ZnO) was synthesized and its antibacterial activity was verified by the disk diffusion method. Next, ZnO immobilized onto the aminolyzed PCL/GO scaffold. The mechanical test demonstrated a pronounced increment of young's modulus for the PCL scaffold. It is expected that such an engineered scaffold has a high potential to be used in tissue engineering with minimal irritation due to infections during implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the radioactive role of natural and chemical substances on human and animal studies has been the subject of research by some researchers. Therefore, the review of some of the past and current studies conducted in this field, can provide helpful information to elucidate of the importance of radioprotective components in reducing radiation exposure side effects. The authors search for keywords including In vitro, In vivo, Radioprotective, Ionizing radiation, and Vitamin in ScienceDirect, Scopus, Pubmed, and Google Scholar databases to access previously published articles and search for more reference articles on the role of radioprotective materials from natural and chemical compounds. Radiation exposure can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body, however most of which are eliminated by the body's natural mechanisms, but when the body's antioxidant systems do not have enough ability to neutralize free radicals, oxidative stress occurs, which causes damage to DNA and body tissues. Therefore, it is necessary use of alternative substances that reduce and inhibit free radicals. In general, recommended that antioxidant component(s) can be protect tissue damages in humans or animals, due to the their ability to scavenge free radicals generated by ionizing radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reported a three-component, simple, one-pot, and novel method for the synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole-3-selones from the condensation of potassium selenocyanate and aroyl chlorides with ethyl carbazate at room temperature. The structures of the compounds were deduced from elemental analysis and their IR, 1H,13C, and 77Se NMR NMR spectra. This new protocol offers advantages such as mild reaction conditions, easy work-up, and high yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-burning is one way that some people choose to commit suicide, and it has been seen in many nations. This problem is considered as an uncommon method in developed countries and a common method of suicide in developing countries. The present study aimed to identify the factors associated with self-burning among Iranian women in reproductive age. This case-control study was conducted among 228 (57 cases and 171 controls) women in reproductive age from the Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ilam. A self-report questionnaire was used to determine factors associated with self-burning, including job status, domestic violence, mental health status, education levels, smoking and alcohol use, forced marriage, socioeconomic status, drug history, and family history of self-burning. Data analysis was performed using simple and multiple logistic regression to control the effects of possible confounders. There was a significant positive association between self-burning and being unemployed and a housewife. Also, the presence of self-burning was increasingly associated with high domestic violence and having history of forced marriage and decreasingly associated with post-diploma education level and a high socioeconomic level. It is recommended that health and social policy makers pay attention to the social and economic aspects that cause self-burning in women to prevent this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feasibility of detecting the chlorofluoromethane (CFM) onto the outer surface of pristine silicon carbide nanotube (SiCNT), as well as its germanium doped structures (SiCGeNT), was carefully evaluated. Density functional theory level of study using the PBE0 functional together with a 6-311G(d) basis set has been used. Subsequently, the B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, ωB97XD, and M06-2X functionals with a 6-311G(d) basis set were also employed to consider the single point energies. Natural bond orbital (NBO) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) were implemented by using the PBE0/6-311G(d) method. The total density of states (TDOSs), Wiberg bond index (WBI), natural charge, natural electron configuration, donor–acceptor natural bond orbital interactions, and the second-order perturbation energies are performed to explore the nature of the intermolecular interactions. All results denote that by adsorbing of the gas molecule onto the surface of the considered nanostructures, the intermolecular interactions are of the type of strong physical adsorption. It was revealed that the sensitivity of the adsorption will be increased when the gas molecule interacts with decorated nanotubes and decrease the HOMO-LUMO band gap; therefore, the change of electronic properties can be used to design suitable nanosensors to detect CFM gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 240 Hy-Line 40-week-old Salmonella-free layers were assigned to 5 dietary treatments composed of 12 replications, with 4 laying hens per replications in a 5-week experiment trial on laying hens challenged with Salmonella gallinarum. Dietary treatment comprised: (1) NC, basal diet; (2) PC, NC + oral S. gallinarum administration; (3) B8, PC + 0.1% Bacillus subtilis (108cfu/g); (4) B9, PC + 0.1% B. subtilis (109cfu/g) and (5) B10, PC + 0.1% B. subtilis (1010cfu/g). B. subtilis groups reduced the population of S. gallinarum in both large intestine and excreta compared with PC laying hens. The population of S. gallinarum in challenged laying hens fed B. subtilis was significantly lower in small intestine, large intestine and excreta. In the small intestine, Lactobacillus population was higher in B10 compared with PC. Addition of B. subtilis improved eggshell thickness. Egg shell strength showed an improvement in week 5 and it was higher in B9 and B10 compared with PC. Haptoglobin concentration was higher in the PC group compared with other groups. In conclusion, diets supplemented with B. subtilis as a novel anti-salmonella bacteria show potential for decreasing S. gallinarium in the intestinal tract and improving egg gravity, eggshell strength and eggshell quality during the laying period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regarding the complex behaviour of price signalling, its prediction is difficult, where an accurate forecasting can play an important role in electricity markets. In this paper, a feature selection based on mutual information is implemented for day ahead prediction of electricity prices, which are so valuable for determining the redundancy and relevancy of selected features. A combination of wavelet transform (WT) and a hybrid forecast method is presented based on a neural network (NN). Furthermore, an intelligent algorithm is considered for a prediction process to set the proposed forecast engine free parameters based NN. This optimisation process improved the accuracy of the proposed model. To demonstrate the validity of this model, the Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM) electricity market is considered as a test case and compared with some of the most recent price forecast methods. These comparisons illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we produced the recombinant form of parvalbumin from wolf-herring fish and determined its IgE reactivity. Parvalbumin cDNA was sub-cloned into pET28 and expressed inEscherichia coliBL-21. The immunoreactivities of the recombinant and native parvalbumins were compared, and the effect of calcium binding was determined by sera from 25 fish-allergic patients. ELISA and Western blotting confirmed similar IgE-reactivities of the recombinant and native proteins and confirmed that this phenomenon is highly dependent on calcium binding. The recombinant protein was 94.5% similar to carp parvalbumin (Cyp c1). Approximately 72% of patients reacted strongly with recombinant parvalbumin, 80% of them reacted with the native form and only 56% showed IgE reactivity with crude extract. Because the IgE-binding capacity of recombinant wolf-herring parvalbumin is retained and is highly similar to Cyp c1, the wild and hypoallergenic forms of this allergen could be used for diagnosis and immunotherapy of fish allergy, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose:Two-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) causes cytotoxicity in the cancer cells by disrupting the thiol metabolism, and MLN4924 inactivates the SCF E3 ligase and so causes the accumulation of its substrates which trigger apoptosis and hence might enhance the efficiency of radiotherapy and overcame on the radioresistance of the cancer cells. Materials and methods:SKBR3 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with 500 μM 2DG and/or MLN4924 (30, 100, 200 and 300 nM), and in combination in the presence and absence of 1, 1.5 and 2 Gy gamma irradiation. The effects of the treatments – 2DG, MLN4924, irradiation alone and combined – on MCF-7 and SKBR3 cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay, TUNEL assay, cell death detection, Q-PCR for caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expression analysis, and finally clonogenic survival assay. Results:The treatments enhanced the further radio cytotoxicity via inducing the apoptosis cell signaling gene, caspase-3. The 2DG and MLN4924 treatments could act as a radiosensitizer, especially on the SKBR3 cells, and further sensitized the cells with a sensitivity enhancement ratio (SER) of 1.41 and 1.27 in SKBR3 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. Conclusion:The combined chemo-radiotherapy might improve the breast cancer treatment outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper focuses on the calculation of global loads on a trimaran in intact and damage conditions. Validated numerical methods, including strip theory and panel method, are used to predict still water static and wave-induced dynamic loads acting on the intact and damaged ship in the frequency domain. The analysis is carried out using ShipX (VERES) and MAESTRO-Wave codes. Comparison of the results shows a good agreement, particularly in vertical loads. The results demonstrate that an imposed damage changes not only the distribution of global still water static loads, but also that of the global wave-induced dynamic loads. It is also observed that in some cases the loads acting on the undamaged cross sections increase considerably compared to the intact condition. This is due to the change in the distribution of loads acting on the ship under damage condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, both Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio along with thermal expansion coefficient are allowed to vary across the radius in a solid ring and a curved beam. Effects of non-constant Poisson's ratio on the thermoelastic field in these graded axisymmetric and one-dimensional problems are studied. A governing differential equation in terms of stress function is obtained for general axisymmetric and one-dimensional problems. Two linearly independent solutions in terms of hypergeometric functions are then attained to calculate the stresses and the strains. Using Green's function method, a form of a solution for the stress functions in terms of integral equations for a curved beam and a solid ring are obtained. Specifically, closed form solutions for the stress functions, when Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are expressed as power law functions across the radius, are calculated. The results show that the effect of varying Poisson's ratio upon the thermal stresses is considerable for the solid ring. In addition, a non-constant Poisson's ratio has significant influences on the thermal strain field in solid rings. The effect of varying Poisson's ratio upon the thermal stresses is negligible for the curved beam. However, non-constant Poisson's ratios have substantial effects on the thermal strain field in curved beams. Finally, the effects of varying Poisson's ratio on the thermal stresses in thick solid rings and curved beams are also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Stripe rust caused by the fungusPuccinia striiformisf. sp. tritici(Pst) may decrease wheat yield significantly in severe outbreaks. The most cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to reduce yield losses due to rust diseases is deployment of effective resistant genes in wheat cultivars. The causal agents evolve and may break existing resistant sources as well. Therefore, long-term conventional breeding strategies and the ongoing evolution of pathogen populations in the region would put the success of breeding programmes at risk so that there is always a need for speeding up the process of germplasm enhancement through production of doubled-haploid breeding materials. In this study, we aimed at introgression of stripe rust resistance trait from three genotypes (Flanders, Martonvasar-17 (MV17) and Bersee) into a widely adapted cultivar “Ghods”. Positively selected F2BC2progenies of three backcrossing schemas, i.e. (i) Flanders/3*Ghods; (ii) Ghods*3/MV17; and (iii) Hybride-de-bersee/3*Ghods, were used to produce three small-size doubled-haploid populations via wheat × Maize pollination methodology. The doubled-haploid populations were examined against two predominantly isolates ofP. striiformisf. sp. tritici(Pst) i.e. 6E134A+and 6E2A+Yr27+and the screening revealed that 44 and 52 of the progenies are resistant to the above-mentioned isolates, respectively. Field data have shown that the stripe rust resistance doubled-haploid germplasm are comparable to local check cultivars in yield and earliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grain hardness has a considerable effect on milling yield, particle size, and water absorption of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour and is considered an integral trait in wheat end-use classification. Kernel hardness in wheat is controlled by theHardnesslocus on chromosome 5D. In this study, we investigated genotypic variation of genes involved in grain hardness in wheat cultivars developed in Iran or CIMMYT. We have used two allele-specific PCR marker methodologies to identify allelic variation ofPina-D1andPinb-D1genes. We also determined the force required for seed rupture by compression testing (CT) in selected number of cultivars. Two alleles (Pina-D1aandPina-D1b) forPina-D1and three alleles (Pinb-D1a, Pinb-D1b, andPinb-D1d) forPinb-D1were detected. The most common genotype observed wasPina-D1a/Pinb-D1a. The second most frequent genotype wasPina-D1b/Pinb-D1a. GenotypesPina-D1a/Pinb-D1dandPina-D1b/Pinb-D1dwere also observed but at very low frequencies. In general, compression testing data were in agreement with the grain hardness expected from each genotypic class. MostPina-D1b-carrying germplasm were those from the CIMMYT global wheat program. The allelePinb-D1dwas found in combination withPina-D1aand withPina-D1b. The allelePinb-D1ddid not increase grain hardness as expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The thermoelastic stress field in a functionally graded curved beam, where the elastic stiffness varies in the radial direction, is considered. An analytical solution is obtained where the radial variation of the stiffness is represented by a fairly general form. The stress fields corresponding to two different cases for the elastic properties are examined: first, the elastic properties representing a coating on the outer surfaces of the curved beam; secondly, the elastic properties obtained from experimental data. The flexural stress in the curved beam is then compared with that of a solid ring. Finally, a relatively simple approximate solution is developed and this is shown to be in good agreement with the analytical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]