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To confirm oviposition periodicity in queen ants of Lasius japonicus (Formicidae), we performed breeding experiments under four constant conditions: 25, 20, and 17.5 °C under a 12L:12D photoperiod, and 17.5 °C under a 24L photoperiod. After nuptial flight, L. japonicus queens began to lay eggs immediately after the onset of breeding in all conditions. The number of eggs observed in each colony peaked on days 20-40 and then decreased gradually. After the decrease, the egg number began to increase and then decrease again in most colonies. Larval emergence occurred in some colonies but did not occur in many others. Period lengths of cyclic fluctuation in egg number, which were estimated using Fourier analysis, were on average 130-150 days in all four experimental conditions. Larval emergence seemed not to affect the peak days. The decline in queens’ oviposition activity might correspond with that occurring in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GaN luminescence, induced by ultraviolet light under/after inductively coupled plasma exposure, has been measuredin situandex situ. After the plasma exposure, both near-band edge (NBE) and yellow luminescence (YL) intensities decrease. The decay times of NBE and YL in thein situmeasurement are shorter than those of theex situmeasurement on account of the temperature rise induced by the plasma. On the other hand, with increasing plasma power, the decay times decrease. It is considered that this decrease is strongly related to non-radiative defects introduced by the Ar plasma. The results suggest thatin situphotoluminescence monitoring can be used to reveal plasma-induced damage at GaN surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This work focuses on an improved method that enables us to measurein situGaN film photoluminescence (PL) under Ar or N2plasma etching. Although the background signal is large and increases with bias voltage, the GaN PL can be obtained after subtraction of this background from the total luminescence. Moreover, after plasma etching, the intensities of the near-band-edge and the yellow luminescence decrease significantly. It is suggested that this behaviour is strongly related to the heavy plasma-induced damage, which includes non-radiative defects and deep-level defects, such as Ga vacancies and/or C impurities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photoluminescence of n-type GaN thin films in an argon plasma condition has been studied byin situmeasurement. The characteristic near-band-edge (NBE) peak and yellow luminescence (YL) of GaN films are observed in the spectra. However, compared to the luminescence of GaN in air and in a vacuum, in the plasma of 80 W power, the NBE peak and YL intensity first increase dramatically and then decrease with extended time. The effects are attributed mainly to an increasing temperature induced by the plasma, but also to a lesser extent by damage to the film caused by the plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]