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Critical media literacy is vital for citizenship in a democracy and visually saturated world. Online media is almost indispensable to contemporary life, exerting increasing influence over real-world events. Therefore, future citizens must be able to evaluate the reliability of online media. I initiated a mixed-method arts-based study examining how my undergraduate students, learning online during the COVID-19 pandemic, related to possibly manipulative and misleading online media imagery. I invited students to make artwork, answer survey questions, and complete an assessment. My findings revealed that my students are highly susceptible to misleading media online while exhibiting unwarranted overconfidence in their media literacy, which may compound their vulnerability. Meanwhile, their art, representing their relationships with online media, generally depicted negative emotions and suggested impacts on their mental health. But artmaking also seemed to inspire realizations and increased self-awareness. As a result, art educators are called on to address critical media literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a multistate demographic approach for analyzing the longitudinal dynamics of housing and homelessness. The approach is applied to a sample of highly disadvantaged individuals in Australia to assess whether private housing markets and interpersonal support networks provide stable housing trajectories vis-à-vis public and community (social) housing. Discretetime competing risk survival models are specified to estimate the probabilities of exiting housing to six housing and homeless states. Model outputs are applied to a microsimulation model to estimate the duration of episodes and the cumulative incidence of subsequent episodes of housing and homelessness. The results suggest that private housing markets carry an increased risk of housing exit relative to social housing. The homes of family and friends are the most common destination, though this type of support is usually time limited and often precipitates episodes of homelessness. These findings warrant policy consideration as to how housing markets can provide better affordability and security for low income households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenylethylamine's acute toxic effects in a population of adult (10 to 12 weeks old; ∼30 g) Swiss male albino mice are significantly increased by para-position aromatic ring halogenation. LDLO, LD50, and LD100 values (mg/kg; x ± SEM) for p-F- (116.7 ± 3.3, 136.7 ± 1.7, and 160.0 ± 2.9), p-Br- (126.7 ± 3.3, 145.0 ± 2.9, and 163.3 ± 3.3), p-Cl- (133.3 ± 3.3, 146.7 ± 1.7, and 165.0 ± 2.9), and p-I-PEA (133.3 ± 3.3, 153.3 ± 1.7, and 168.3 ± 1.7), compared to PEA 203.3 ± 3.3, 226.7 ± 4.4, and 258.3 ± 8.8). Like PEA, the difference between LDLO and LD50, and LD50 and LD100 for individual amines were similar and in the range (10 to 20%). Toxicity variation between the various p-halogenatedPEAs also fell within a relatively narrow range (as a group: LDLO 116.7 ± 3.3 to 133.3 ± 3.3, LD50 136.7 ± 1.7 to 153.3 ± 1.7, and LD100 160.0 ± 2.9 to 168.3 ± 1.7 mg/kg). PEA methylation, (exception of its α-methyl derivative), results in relatively modest changes in acute toxicity. LDLO, LD50, and LD100 values (mg/kg; x ± SEM) for N-Me- (176.6 ± 3.3, 200.0 ± 2.9, and 221.7 ± 3.3), p-Me- (183.3 ± 3.3, 206.7 ± 3.3, and 225.0 ± 2.9), o-Me- (210.0 ± 5.8, 233.3 ± 3.3, and 258.3 ± 1.7), and β-MePEA (220.0 ± 5.8, 243.3 ± 4.4, and 278.3 ± 44). Similar to PEA, and the p-HPEAs, the difference between LDLO and LD50 and LD50 and LD100 values for individual amines fell within a relatively narrow range (10 to 20%). Variation in toxicity among the methylatedPEAs also fell within a limited range (as a group: LDLO 176 ± 3.3 to 220 ± 5.8, LD50 200.0 ± 2.9 to 243.3 ± 4.4 and LD100 221.7 ± 3.3 to 278.3 ± 4.4 mg/kg). With the exception of PEA's methyl derivative (amphetamine) all the amines studied are rapidly metabolized by monoamine oxidase. This pharmacokinetics difference would help to explain the markedly higher amphetamine toxicity [(LDLO, LD50 and LD100 (mg/kg; x ± SEM) of 21.3 ± 0.9, 25.0 ± 0.6, and 29.3 ± 0.7, respectively)]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy-efficient retrofits have become crucial in building sector as approximately 80% of buildings in developed countries are over 10 years old. Building simulation tools are now being used to provide estimates of energy consumption and implement various models which differ on the basis of enclosed details. Not all of these models are effective in terms of computation and the associated computational costs. This work devises a novel and generalized reduced-order grey-box modelling approach to predict the thermal behaviour of commercial buildings. The generalization approach reduces the order/complexity of model and lays out a general structure to obtain reduced-order models based on easily identifiable building metrics. We also implemented a forward-selection procedure to compare results obtained using a metrics-based approach. The network order obtained using metrics-based approach matches with the network order predicted by the forward selection procedure. The generalized structure would reduce the complexities involved in the dynamic simulation of urban building stock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the outbreak of the Second World War, Northern Ireland, as part of the United Kingdom, was committed to war. The independent Irish state, on the other hand, declared neutrality and introduced a particularly vigorous censorship regime designed to ensure that no comment or opinion emanating from its press could possibly be interpreted as contradictory to the state's neutrality. Historically Irish newspapers had largely relied on common, syndicated news agency material to report international events. Now, for the first time, they operated under two state-backed regimes with markedly different aims for presentation and comment on war news. This article reveals how the differing state-controlled mechanisms operating in Ireland affected the presentation and interpretation of news from common sources, particularly concentrating on the London-based Press Association, of the Dunkirk evacuation in 1940 and the Allied landings on D-Day in 1944. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the American Library Association, there are 119,000 libraries in the United States. But how many do we need? In this vision session report, Arizona State University Librarian James J. O’Donnell addresses this question through the lenses of discovery tools, usability, and marketing strategy. He also addresses the need for a more global and collaborative approach to collection building in libraries. This deliberately provocative talk provides several different ways to think about the answer to the title question—and several answers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents a case study of a 33-year-old female para who was referred to the haematology services at during gestation due to prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. It notes that the patient had a history of polycystic ovarian syndrome and mild epistaxis. The article discusses the management of combined factor V and factor VIII deficiency in pregnancy.

This reflective article describes an international teacher education workshop in a Central American country. The process of designing a workshop based on critical pedagogy and multicultural education in an international setting is explained. An examination of the attitudes, actions, and assumptions of the Ministry of Education officials from the Central American country, the teachers attending the workshop, and the presenters of the workshops reveals the complex ways that oppression operates in a given society. Reflections from the presenters reveal the challenges and possibilities associated with international, multicultural teacher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate dose- and time-dependent effects of NiCl2 on T-lymphocyte and macrophage-derived cytokine production in rats. Moreover we have determined the concentrations of nickel in the plasma that are required to elicit alterations in T-lymphocyte and macrophage function. NiCl2 suppressed T-lymphocyte proliferation and Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-10) cytokine production in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. In addition, NiCl2 inhibited production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and increased production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated cultures. We have determined that the minimal plasma concentrations of nickel required to provoke immunosuppression are in the range 209–585 ng/mL. In the time-course study NiCl2 (3.3 mg/kg) provoked immunological changes that were maximal 1 h following administration, and some of these changes persisted for up to 24 h post administration. Overall these data clearly demonstrate that NiCl2 suppresses T-cell function and promotes an immunosuppressive macrophage phenotype in rats. This study also indicates that measuring T-cell proliferation is as sensitive a marker of NiCl2-induced immunotoxicity as measuring T-cell or macrophage cytokine production. Co-measurement of circulating nickel concentrations and immune parameters yields valuable information with regard to the potency of nickel to alter immune function in vivo. These data also suggest that quite a large quantity of nickel needs to reach the systemic circulation before any adverse effects on immune function are observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bryn Mawr Classical Review will be five years old in the fall of 1995. What have we learned? Where are we going? Are we old-fashioned yet? Are we a classic? Are we obsolete? If we go on giving it away, will people think it is only worth what they paid for it? [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

SUMMARY A construct validation study of dimensions of children's behavior problems was carried out with use of multiple linear regression. The Ss were 76 latency-aged boys in residential treatment. The dimensions involved were Conduct Disorder and Inadequacy-Immaturity. The predictor variables were activity level, impulsivity, and soft signs of neurological damage. Results indicated that Conduct Disorder was significantly predicted by activity level, in combination with impulsivity. Inadequacy-Immaturity was significantly predicted by activity level and soft signs. A third dimension, Personality Disorder, was found to be uncorrelated with the three predictor variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the legacy of `Sigurimi,' the Albanian Directorate of State Security, within the social and political context of Albania under Enver Hoxha and the Albanian Party of Labor (APL). Internal exile as a method to prevent unwanted Albanians from contaminating the populace; Case of the Beribashi family; Cult of personality; Hoxha's tyrannical rule; Persistence of Sigurimi apparatus and its network of informers.

ABSTRACT. Using a multi-trial, free-recall paradigm (Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test; Lezak, 1983), the acquisition and retention by learning disabled (LD) young adults with a Halstead Impairment Index < or equal to 0.3 (low LD) or ≥ 0.4 (high LD) was compared with that of nondisabled and head-injured (HI) young adults. Significant group differences, particularly during the last three acquisition trials, confirmed the effectiveness of this method in revealing subtle learning and retention deficits, Analyses of Thai I recall showed group differences in the prerecency but not the recency portion of the serial position curve, thus implicating long-term but not short-term memory differences between the groups. Analyses of pair frequency (Steinberg & Tulving, 1977) data showed that the three clinical groups had difficulty organizing the to-be-learned material for effective retrieval. Following an interpolated task, retention was poorer for the clinical groups than for the nondisabled and varied inversely with the ° of neuropsychological impairment. Finally, during retention, the nondisabled and low LD groups retained and used the list organization established during acquisition whereas the high LD and HI groups did not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new age begins, it is important to know what age it is that ends. As we move to networked communication, it is not the age of writing that is ending, nor specially the age of the printed book. It is rather the end of the life span of the codex (the familiar form of rectangular pages sewn and gathered between covers), the invention that revolutionized the arrangement and processing of information in the earliest centuries of the common era. Consideration of the modes of storage and access (including early foreshadowings of hypertext) in the age of the manuscript codex will lead to reflections on what is likely to abide in the new forms of information processing and what is likely to pass away. Forms fade, structure abides. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Presents a factor analysis of the ratings of the fears of children by their mothers. Fears of factors such as physical injury, animals, school, night fears, and fear of public places; Way that girls were reported to have more fears of physical injury, animals, night fears, and public places.

Presents the review of native American oratory, Logan oration. Ethnographic content analysis of the oration; Defence of the whites by Logan; Description of the struggle of the native people of Ohio; Consideration of Logan oration to be moving and legitimate expression of native American oratory.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the validity of the Self-Esteem Inventory among Oglala Sioux adolescents. The traditional Sioux value system is based upon bravery, generosity, and individual autonomy, values which have not been changed substantially through acculturation. It may be that the criteria of success among the Sioux, and therefore of self-esteem, differ from those of white Americans. The difference in value systems may nullify the validity of the Self-Esteem Inventory for the Sioux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]