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He also presented the capabilities of the NIST beamlines at the NSLS-II and the NIST-BNL vision for developing advanced synchrotron metrology methods in collaboration with -industry. A workshop titled "Advanced Metrology Needs for Addressing Critical Microelectronics Challenges" was held during the virtual NSLS-II and CFN Joint Users' Meeting at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) on May 25, 2022. Dr. Papa Rao emphasized the potential roles of national laboratories and their user facilities such as synchrotron X-ray sources, stressing the need for easier user access for semiconductor research and wafer-scale, in-operando, and high-resolution metrology capabilities. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) degrades acetaldehyde metabolized from ethanol. Its encoding gene ALDH2 has a functional polymorphism, ALDH2 Glu487Lys associated with low enzyme activity. Aim: Since Glu487Lys of this locus is fixed for the functional subunit in all non-East Asian populations, this polymorphism was examined along with G-357A promoter (SacI) and four other intronic loci to identify informative markers to study the role of this gene in Indian populations. Subjects and methods: A total of 397 males belonging to six ethnic populations, from four linguistic groups of India were included in the present study. No test was performed to detect the phenotype of alcoholism. Genotype of ALDH2*E487K and G-357A promoter site along with four non-coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the upstream of this polymorphism were determined by PCR and sequencing. Results: All of the subjects were found to have the common homozygous genotype (ALDH2*1/ALDH2*1) for the E487K site. Allele frequencies of non-coding SNPs varied among populations but genetic variance (Fst) indicated little variation among populations. Four major SNP-defined haplotypes accounted for almost all chromosomes in all populations. The ancestral haplotype was found in high frequency in all populations and linkage disequilibrium was strong and highly significant between all sites (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The small number of haplotypes in this region is suggesting the strong linkage disequilibrium across the region and confirms the global long-range linkage disequilibrium around the ALDH2 locus. This study provides a baseline for future research into the role of the ALDH2 locus in alcoholism in Indian populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a view to assess physical growth, a cross-sectional study was made on 1565 Sugali children (854 boys and 711 girls), aged 1 to 20 years. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, upper arm circumference, biacromial diameter, biiliocristal diameter, chest circumference, head circumference and skinfold measurements at triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and medial calf. All anthropometric measurements except skinfold measurements exhibit uniform increase with age in both the sexes. A gradual increase in four skinfold measurements is observed with age in the case of girls, whereas slight decrease is observed in the case of the boys. The Sugali boys and girls are shorter and lighter than wellto-do Indian standards. The median heights and weights of Sugali boys and girls fall below the 5th percentile of NCHS standards. Finally, the results were discussed with a comparative view point. Zur Bewertung der korperlichen Entwicklung wurde eine Querschnittstudie an 1565 Sugali-Kindern (854 Jungen und 711 Madchen) im Alter von 1 bis 20 Jahren durchgefuhrt. Die anthropometrischen Daten umfassten die Korperhohe, das Gewicht, den Oberarmumfang, die Biakromialbreite, den biiliocristalen Durchmesser, den Brustumfang, den Kopfumfang sowie die am Trizeps, subskapular, suprailiacal und an der Wade gemessenen Hautfaltendicken. Mit Ausnahme der Hautfaltendicken weisen alle antropometrischen Merkmale in beiden Geschlechtern einen gleichformigen Anstieg mit dem Alter auf. Bei den Madchen nehmen die vier Hautfaltendicken mit Alter allmahlich zu, wahrend bei Jungen eine leichte Abnahme zu beobachten ist. Im Vergleich zu den ''Well-to-do''-Standards fur indische Kinder sind Sugali-Jungen und-Madchen kleiner und leichter. Die medianen Korperhohen und Korpergewichte von Sugali-Madchen und Jungen fallen unter die 5. Perzentile der NCHS Standards. Abschliessend werden die Daten unter vergleichendem Aspekt diskutiert. Une etude de croissance transversale a ete realisee sur 1565 enfants Sugali (854 garcons et 711 filles) ages de 1 a 20 ans. Les mesures anthropometriques comprenaient la taille, le poids, la circonference du bras, le diametre biacromial, diametre bicrete, la circonference du thorax, la circonference de la tete et les plis cutanes tricipital, sous-scapulaire, supra-iliaque et a mi mollet. Toutes les mesures anthropometriques a l'exception des plis cutanes, montrent un accroissement uniforme avec l'age dans les deux sexes. Un accroissement graduel des quatre plis cutanes est observe avec l'age chez les filles alors qu'une diminution legere est constatee chez les garcons. Les garcons et filles Sugali sont plus petits et plus legers que ne le prevoient les valeurs standard des enfants indiens aises. Les tailles et poids medians des garcons et des filles Sugali tombent au-dessous du 5[sup eme] percentile des standards NCHS. Enfin, les resultats sont discutes d'un point de vue comparatif. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]