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Three previously undescribed protoilludane-type sesquiterpene aryl esters, armillanals A-C (1-3), along with seven known ones (4-10) were obtained from Armillaria gallica Marxm. & Romagn. Compounds 1 and 2 were a rare class of sesquiterpenes featuring the Δ 2(3) and Δ 12(13) -protoilludane skeleton. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic methods. Based on electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, the absolute configurations of three new compounds (1-3) were determined. The anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 1-10 was screened and compound 3 could dose-dependently decrease the level of lactate dehydrogenase, showing IC 50 value of 4.525 μM., (© 2024 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Two new prostaglandin-like compounds callicarboric acids A-B (1-2), along with six known compounds (3-8) were isolated from the stems of Callicarpa arborea Roxb. Their structures were determined with the help of modern spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, ECD, and ORD with the assistance of quantum chemical calculations. Compound 1 exhibited remarkable anti-NLRP3 inflammasome activation potential, demonstrating an IC 50 value of 0.74 μM. Additionally, by reducing GSDMD-NT production, inhibiting caspase-1 activation, and suppressing IL-1β secretion, it effectively mitigated NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in J774A.1 cells. These findings indicate that compound 1 possesses the capability to be a valuable candidate for further research and development as an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor., (© 2023 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Three new compounds callicarpenoids A-C (1-3), were isolated from the stems of Callicarpa arborea Roxb together with fifteen known compounds (4-18). The structures of these compounds were elucidated using advanced spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, ECD, ORD, and quantum chemical calculations. Compound 3, a rare rearranged diterpenoid with a fused 5/6-ring system demonstrated strong potential as an inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation with an IC 50 value of 3.153 μM. It effectively reduced GSDMD-NT production, inhibited caspase-1 activation, and suppressed IL-1β secretion, thereby mitigating NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in J774A.1 cells. These findings suggest that compound 3 warrants further research and development as a promising NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor., (© 2023 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

One new alkaloid, picrasine A, two new quassinoids, picralactones A-B, together with eleven known compounds were isolated from Picrasma chinensis P.Y. Chen. The structures of these compounds were determined using 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and IR spectroscopic data, and by comparison with published data. Some compounds were tested for tyrosinase inhibiting activity, however, none of them exhibited strong inhibitory effects., (© 2023 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Five unknown labdane diterpenoids Stevelins A-E (1-5), three known labdane diterpenoids (6-8) and three labdane norditerpenoids (9-11) were isolated from the Stevia rebaudiana. The structures were determined primarily via NMR spectroscopic data and HR-ESI-MS experiments. X-ray crystallography using CuK α radiation was used to determine the absolute configurations of 1, and the absolute configurations of 2-5 were deduced by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The potential anti-atherosclerosis activities of all compounds were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effects on the macrophage foam cell formation. As a result, most isolated compounds could significantly inhibit oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced macrophage foam cell formation, which suggests that these compounds may be promising candidates in the treatment for atherosclerosis., (© 2022 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Twelve new clerodane diterpenoids named callicarpanes A-L (1-12), together with eight known compounds (13-20), were isolated from Callicarpa integerrima. Their structures were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic data. The calculated chemical shifts were used to identify relative configurations using DP4+ analysis. The absolute configurations (AC) were assigned based on quantum chemical calculations and X-ray single-crystal diffraction methods. Compounds 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, and 19 showed significant inhibitory activity for NLRP3 inflammasome activation, with the IC 50 against lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release ranging from 0.08 to 4.78 μM. Further study revealed that compound 10 repressed IL-1β secretion and caspase-1 maturation in J774A.1 cell as well as blocked macrophage pyroptosis., (© 2022 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Our study on the roots and leaves of the never-hitherto-chemically studied S. glandulosa led to the isolation of five new diterpenes, referred to as stroglandulons A-E (1-5), alongside 18 known constituents (6-23). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data, while the known ones were determined based on the comparison of their data with the literature values. Compounds 1-5 were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against NLRP3 inflammasome activation; compound 5 showed inhibition by an IC 50 value of 6.12±0.03 μM., (© 2022 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Six new sesquiterpenoids, named as ainslides A-F (1-6), including one carotene-type sesquiterpene (1), one eudesmane (2), four guaianolides (3-6), together with eight known sesquiterpenoids (7-14), were purified from the whole plants of Ainsliaea pertyoides. The structures of these sesquiterpenoids were characterized based on spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV, and IR spectra, together with ECD calculations and X-ray diffraction experiments. The anti-inflammatory activity of all the isolated compounds was screened and compounds 3 and 7-13 exhibited NLRP3-inflammasome inhibitory activity with IC 50 values of 1.80-4.33 μM., (© 2022 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Four new diterpenoids, rubellawus A-D (1-4), along with three known compounds, were isolated and identified from the flowers of Callicarpa rubella. Their structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic analysis. All the compounds were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity and 14α-hydroxyisopimaric acid and isopimaric acid showed significant NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitory activity with IC 50 values of 7.02 and 3.99 μM., (© 2020 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Three hitherto unknown compounds, including one new hispanane-type diterpenoid glucoside, namely viburnumoside (1), two new secoiridoid glucosides, 7α-galloyloxysweroside (2), and 7β-galloyloxysweroside (3), together with ten known compounds (4 - 13) were isolated from the ethanol extract of twigs and leaves of Viburnum cylindricum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic studies, and the absolute configuration of compound 1 was confirmed by the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data., (© 2018 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Two new 7,8-secolignans, marphenols A and B (1 and 2, resp.), together with a known related derivative, 7,8-secoholostylone B (3), were isolated from the stems of Schisandra wilsoniana. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. The anti-HIV-1 activities of 1-3 were evaluated. Compound 1 inhibited HIV-1(IIIB)-induced syncytia formation with an EC(50) value of 0.55 μg ml(-1). It reduced p24 antigen expression in acutely HIV-1(IIIB)-infected C8166 cells and primary isolate HIV-1(TC-2)-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), with EC(50) values of 3.34 and 0.52 μg ml(-1), respectively. It showed no effects on the HIV-1(IIIB) replication in chronically infected H9 cells as well as fusion inhibition.