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Summary Objective In shared medical appointments (SMAs), multiple patients with a similar clinical diagnosis are seen by a multidisciplinary team for interactive group sessions. Very few studies have specifically studied SMAs and weight loss in patients with obesity. This study compared weight loss outcomes and anti‐obesity medication (AOM) access between patients with obesity managed through (SMAs) versus individual appointments. Methods Retrospective study of adults seen for obesity between September 2014 and February 2017 at Cleveland Clinic Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Percent weight loss from baseline was compared between two propensity score‐matched populations: patients who attended ≥1 SMA and patients managed with individual medical appointments. Results From all eligible patients identified (n=310 SMA, n=1,993 non‐SMA), 301 matched pairs were evaluated for weight loss. The SMA group (n=301) lost a mean of 4.2%, 5.2% and 3.8% of baseline weight over 6, 12 and 24 months; the non‐SMA group (n=301) lost significantly less weight (1.5%, 1.8% and 1.6%, respectively) (paired t‐test, P

Tea polyphenols (TP) are the main components in tea. Studies in vitro have shown they have significant biological activity; however, the results are inconsistent with experiments in vivo. For the low bioavailability, most TP are thought to remain in the gut and metabolized by intestinal bacteria. In the gut, the unabsorbed TP are metabolized to a variety of derivative products by intestinal flora, which may accumulate to exert beneficial effects. Numerous studies have shown that TP can inhibit obesity and its related metabolism disorders effectively. Meanwhile, it has demonstrated that TP and their derivatives may modulate intestinal micro-ecology. The understanding of the interaction between TP and intestinal microbiota will allow us to better evaluate the contribution of microbial metabolites of TP to anti-obesity activity. This review showed implications for the use of TP as functional food with potential therapeutic utility against obesity by modulating intestinal microbiota, contributing to the improvement of human health. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Present meta-analysis investigates the effects of phytosterols and phytostanol (PS) supplementation on anthropometric indices, using data from randomized controlled trials. We performed a systematic search in the databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochran, and Web of Science. Weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were presented. Overall, 79 randomized controlled trials investigated the effects of PS on anthropometric indices. Meta-analysis results did not reveal any significant effect of PS supplementation on weight (66 trials-WMD: -0.083 kg; CI [-0.233, 0.066]; I2 = 42.5%), percentage fat mass (6 trials-WMD: -0.090%; CI [-0.789, 0.610]; I2 = 0.0%), and waist circumference (WC; 5 trials-WMD: -0.039 cm; CI [-0.452, 0.374]; I2 = 0.0%). However, body mass index (BMI) significantly decreased after PS supplementation (39 trials-WMD: -0.063 kg/m2, p = 0.024, I2 = 25.1%). Subgroup analyses showed that PS supplementation in subjects with baseline BMI ≥25 and hyperlipidemic significantly decreased body weight and BMI. The overall results showed that although PS supplementation did not affect anthropometric indices (except BMI), baseline status regarding BMI and hyperlipidemia and also dose and duration could be contributing factors for favorable effects.

The various syntheses of the over-the-counter anti-obesity drug tetrahydrolipstatin (also known as Orlistat) are reviewed. The 31 various syntheses cover the development of enantioselective natural products synthesis since the first synthesis of tetrahydrolipstatin (THL) by Schneider in 1987. After Schneider's landmark synthetic effort there have been numerous total and formal syntheses of THL, which have involved a diverse range of approaches. These various syntheses can be classified by the methods that were used to install the stereochemistry, for instance, chiral auxiliary, asymmetric aldol, asymmetric allylation/crotylation, asymmetric reductions, asymmetric resolutions, asymmetric oxidations, and chiron approach. These routes also feature the elegant use of a chiral phosphate template, a tandem [2+2]-Mukaiyama aldol-lactonization, an anti-aldol segment via a non-aldol route, a Prins cyclization, and an epoxide carbonylation.

Objective Mice are typically housed at environmental temperatures below thermoneutrality, whereas humans live near thermoneutrality. This difference affects energy physiology and, potentially, anti-obesity drug efficacy. Here we compare β3-adrenergic agonist treatment at thermoneutrality (30°C) versus room temperature (22°C).

Nowadays, studies about the anti-obesity potential of probiotics are of growing interest. Lactobacilli are one of the well-studied probiotics owing to their preventing effect on metabolic disorders. This study was undertaken to access the anti-obesity effect of probiotic dahi containing Lactobacillus casei NCDC 19 on C57BL/6 mice. Feeding of probiotic dahi showed reduce body weight gain and epididymal fat weights. Moreover, blood glucose, plasma lipids and expression level of leptin were reduced and caecal bifidobacteria counts and adiponectin expression levels were significantly increased. It can be concluded that feeding of probiotic dahi containing L. casei NCDC 19 showed potential anti-obesity effects.

In the pharmaceutical industry, efficiently mining pharmacological data from the rapidly increasing scientific literature is very crucial for many aspects of the drug discovery process such as target validation, tool compound selection etc. A quick and reliable way is needed to collect literature assertions of selected compounds' biological and pharmacological effects in order to assist the hypothesis generation and decision-making of drug developers. INFUSIS, the text mining system presented here, extracts data on chemical compounds from PubMed abstracts. It involves an extensive use of customized natural language processing besides a co-occurrence analysis. As a proof-of-concept study, INFUSIS was used to search in abstract texts for several obesity/diabetes related pharmacological effects of the compounds included in a compound dictionary. The system extracts assertions regarding the pharmacological effects of each given compound and scores them by the relevance. For each selected pharmacological effect, the highest scoring assertions in 100 abstracts were manually evaluated, i.e. 800 abstracts in total. The overall accuracy for the inferred assertions was over 90 percent.

During the 11th Stock Conference held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, world-leading experts came together to present and discuss recent developments made in the field of brown adipose tissue biology. Owing to the vast capacity of brown adipose tissue for burning food energy in the process of thermogenesis, and due to demonstrations of its presence in adult humans, there is tremendous interest in targeting brown adipose tissue as an anti-obesity tissue in humans. However, the future of such therapeutic approaches relies on our understanding of the origin, development, recruitment, activation and regulation of brown adipose tissue in humans. As reviewed here, the 11th Stock Conference was organized around these themes to discuss the recent progress made in each aspect, to identify gaps in our current understanding and to further provide a common groundwork that could support collaborative efforts aimed at a future therapy for obesity, based on brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.

Obesity, indicated by excess body fat accumulation, is a serious health problem. Various functional foods have been attracted for improving obese condition. Onion peel, a by-product of onion has sh...

Two-dimensional and 3D quantitative structure–activity relationships studies were performed on a series of diarylpyridines that acts as cannabinoid receptor ligands by means of hologram quantitative structure–activity relationships and comparative molecular field analysis methods. The quantitative structure–activity relationships models were built using a data set of 52 CB1 ligands that can be used as anti-obesity agents. Significant correlation coefficients (hologram quantitative structure–activity relationships: r 2 = 0.91, q 2 = 0.78; comparative molecular field analysis: r 2 = 0.98, q 2 = 0.77) were obtained, indicating the potential of these 2D and 3D models for untested compounds. The models were then used to predict the potency of an external test set, and the predicted (calculated) values are in good agreement with the experimental results. The final quantitative structure–activity relationships models, along with the information obtained from 2D contribution maps and 3D contour maps, obtained in this study are useful tools for the design of novel CB1 ligands with improved anti-obesity potency.

Cheonggukjang (CGJ), a traditional Korean fermented soybean food, exerts immunomodulatory effects.Cells were fixed and stained with Oil Red O to assess lipid accumulation. Total lipid and triglycer...

This study aimed to investigate if the ability of lingonberries to prevent diet-induced obesity is associated with an altered gut microbiota. Furthermore, two different batches of lingonberries wer...

The mineral contents of several solar salts produced in South Korea and the anti-obesity effect of the solar salt on C57BL/6 mice induced by HFD were studied. We used purified salt (PS), Korean sol...

To clarify the details of the anti-obesity effect of theanine, γ-glutamylethylamide, female ICR mice were fed diets containing theanine at the concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.16% for 16 weeks. Bodyweight and food intake in the mice were measured every 4 weeks, and several organs and intraperitoneal adipose tissues (IPAT) were weighed after the feeding. In addition, lipid levels in the serum and liver were analyzed. As a result, the bodyweight increase and weight of IPAT were significantly reduced in mice fed 0.04% theanine compared with controls, but not in mice fed other diets. The levels of triglycerides (TG) and non-esterified fatty acids in the serum and TG level in the liver in mice fed the 0.04% theanine diet were remarkably decreased. These results indicated that bodyweight increase and fat accumulation were suppressed by a limited concentration of 0.04% theanine in mice.

Ursolic acid has recently been reported to possess a promising anti-obesity effect. A number of studies have been conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, which include the inhibition of p...

Many clinicians use anti-obesity drugs before they have been proven safe. Further, polypharmacy of weight-loss medications appears to be popular, and as a result unwanted drug interactions are occuring. We performed autopsies on three women who died after taking phendimetrazine and fluoxetine for weight loss. In all three cases, no internal or external abnormality could explain the direct cause of death – other than positive toxicological results for the weight-loss drugs. Blood drug concentration was within the therapeutic range and blood alcohol was not detected. Although we cannot say for certain the exact mechanism of the death, we think that polypharmacy of phendimetrazine and fluoxetine may be a factor. We report these cases with a discussion of the use of anti-obesity drugs.

isolation, structure determination and biological activities of 33 constituents including the new megastigmane, nelumnucifoside A (I), and the new eudesmane sesquiterpene, nelumnucifoside B (II)

Obesity causes subclinical inflammation in adipose tissue that contributes to insulin resistance and cancer progression. Chronic inflammation predisposes to different forms of cancer, and diabetes ...

In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of Cheonggukjang (CK) and Natto (NT) extract on in-vitro and invivo models. The anti-obesity effects of CK and NT extract were investigated b...