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Abstract Partial discharge (PD) detection of cable terminals is crucial for the safe operation of the traction power system in trains. However, similar PD signals in complex train‐operating environments cause difficulty to recognise the insulation defects. Therefore, a PD signal image transformation recognition method is proposed for PD detection of cable terminal defects to identify defects in cable terminals with similar PD characteristics accurately. In the proposed method, the raw PD signals are firstly transformed to images via the Gramian angular field (GAF) representation. This can reveal the discriminative characteristics embedded in the original PD signals and subsequently facilitate differentiating the PD sources, which exhibit similar characteristic in the time domain. The obtained GAF representation of PD signals (named as PD GAF images) is extracted from local and global features to train an efficient MobileVIT model, which is then utilised to identify similar types of PD sources in cable terminals. The results show that the proposed method achieves 97.5% recognition accuracy in the field experiment, which is superior to other methods.

Abstract Melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) is reported to improve mood disorders in perimenopausal women and gut microbiome composition is altered during menopausal period. The possible role of microbiome in the treatment effect of melatonin on menopausal depression remains unknown. Here, it is shown that melatonin treatment reverses the gut microbiota dysbiosis and depressive‐like behaviors in ovariectomy (OVX) operated mice. This effect of melatonin is prevented by antibiotic cocktails (ABX) treatment. Transferring microbiota harvested from adolescent female mice to OVX‐operated mice is sufficient to ameliorate depressive‐like behaviors. Conversely, microbiota transplantation from OVX‐operated mice or melatonin‐treated OVX‐operated mice to naïve recipient mice exhibits similar phenotypes to donors. The colonization of Alistipes Inops, which is abundant in OVX‐operated mice, confers the recipient with depressive‐like behaviors. Further investigation indicates that the expansion of Alistipes Inops induced by OVX leads to the degradation of intestinal tryptophan, which destroys systemic tryptophan availability. Melatonin supplementation restores systemic tryptophan metabolic disorders by suppressing the growth of Alistipes Inops, which ameliorates depressive‐like behaviors. These results highlight the previously unrecognized role of Alistipes Inops in the modulation of OVX‐induced behavioral disorders and suggest that the application of melatonin to inhibit Alistipes Inops may serve as a potential strategy for preventing menopausal depressive symptoms.

Abstract Novel active DNA transposons, such as Spy transposons from the PHIS superfamily, are identified through bioinformatics in this study. The native transposases cgSpy and cvSpy displayed transposition activities of approximately 85% and 35% compared to the hyperactive piggyBac transposase (hyPB). The cgSpy transposon showed unique characteristics, including a lack of overproduction inhibition and reduced efficiency for insertion sizes between 3.1 to 8.5 kb. Integration preferences of cgSpy are found in genes and regulatory regions, making it suitable for genetic manipulation. Evaluation in T‐cell engineering demonstrated that cgSpy‐mediated chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modification is comparable to the PB system, indicating its potential utility in cell therapy. This study unveils the promising application of the active native transposase, Spy, from Colletes gigas, as a valuable tool for genetic engineering, particularly in T‐cell manipulation.

Abstract Background Sarcopenic obesity (SO) in patients with gastrointestinal cancer is associated with a poor prognosis. We aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of SO in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, as well as the diagnostic cut‐off value of SO in patients with gastrointestinal cancer among Chinese population. Methods We conducted a consecutive cohort study. Between January 2017 and January 2019, 289 patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer were included in our study. Skeletal muscle area, total fat area, and subcutaneous fat area were measured by CT scan. All patients were followed up for 5 years. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were adopted to determine the cut‐off values of visceral fat obesity for the prediction of sarcopenia. Based on the cut‐off values, patients with sarcopenia combined with visceral fat obesity were divided into the SO group, and the others were divided into the non‐sarcopenic obesity (NSO) group. Kaplan–Meier curves and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were employed to explore the associations of body composition profiles with 5‐year overall survival and disease‐specific survival. Results Obtained from Youden's Index for ROC for the prediction of 5‐year survival, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) ≤40.02 cm2/m2 with VFA ≥ 126.30 cm2 in men and SMI ≤32.05 cm2/m2 with VFA ≥72.42 cm2 in women indicate a risk of poor prognosis in patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer. Patients with SO had poorer 5‐year overall survival (OS) than patients with NSO (6.74% vs. 82.84%, p

Abstract Liquid‒liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a ubiquitous process in which proteins, RNA, and biomolecules assemble into membrane‐less compartments, playing important roles in many biological functions and diseases. The current knowledge on the biophysical and biochemical principles of LLPS is largely from in vitro studies; however, the physiological environment in living cells is complex and not at equilibrium. The characteristics of intracellular dynamics and their roles in physiological LLPS remain to be resolved. Here, by using single‐particle tracking of quantum dots and dynamic monitoring of the formation of stress granules (SGs) in single cells, the spatiotemporal dynamics of intracellular transport in cells undergoing LLPS are quantified. It is shown that intracellular diffusion and active transport are both reduced. Furthermore, the formation of SG droplets contributes to increased spatial heterogeneity within the cell. More importantly, the study demonstrated that the LLPS of SGs can be regulated by intracellular dynamics in two stages: the reduced intracellular diffusion promotes SG assembly and the microtubule‐associated transport facilitates SG coalescences. The work on intracellular dynamics not only improves the understanding of the mechanism of physiology phase separations occurring in nonequilibrium environments but also reveals an interplay between intracellular dynamics and LLPS.

Abstract Heterotopic ossification (HO) comprises the abnormal formation of ectopic bone in extraskeletal soft tissue. The factors that initiate HO remain elusive. Herein, we found that calcified apoptotic vesicles (apoVs) led to increased calcification and stiffness of tendon extracellular matrix (ECM), which initiated M2 macrophage polarization and HO progression. Specifically, single‐cell transcriptome analyses of different stages of HO revealed that calcified apoVs were primarily secreted by a PROCR+ fibroblast population. In addition, calcified apoVs enriched calcium by annexin channels, absorbed to collagen I via electrostatic interaction, and aggregated to produce calcifying nodules in the ECM, leading to tendon calcification and stiffening. More importantly, apoV‐releasing inhibition or macrophage deletion both successfully reversed HO development. Thus, we are the first to identify calcified apoVs from PROCR+ fibroblasts as the initiating factor of HO, and might serve as the therapeutic target for inhibiting pathological calcification.

Abstract Background Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) remains an important tumor entity and a disproportionate cause of cancer mortality. Little is known about the contemporary clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of CUP patients based on updated international classification guidelines. We evaluated a contemporary CUP cohort to provide insight into current clinical practice and the impact of tissue of origin assignment, site‐specific and empirical therapy in a real‐world setting. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of CUP patients, as defined by the updated European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2023 guidelines, across three tertiary referral centers in Australia between 2015 and 2022. We analyzed clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression proportional hazard model between favorable and unfavorable risk groups. Results We identified a total of 123 CUP patients (n = 86 unfavorable, n = 37 favorable risk as per the 2023 ESMO guidelines). Sixty‐four patients (52%) were assigned a tissue of origin by the treating clinician. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 6.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.1–12.1) months and overall survival (OS) 10.2 (95% CI 6.0–18.5) months. Unfavorable risk (hazard ratio [HR] 2.9, p = 0.006), poor performance status (HR 2.8, p

Abstract Biochar is a promising amendment to promote cadmium (Cd) sorption and fixation in agricultural soil, where microplastics are emerging contaminants in soil. Herein, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to elucidate the effects on Cd availability in a soil–plant system by biochar and fresh/aged microplastics application. The fresh microplastics led to an obvious increase in soil Cd availability and Cd uptake by wheat plant, while the aged microplastics increased the available Cd in soil but had no effect on Cd uptake by wheat plant, which was likely attributed to the blocking effect of the aged microplastics on Cd transportation from the soil to the wheat plant. Unexpectedly, biochar had increased Cd availability and Cd uptake. The increased soil soluble Cd was because of both decreased soil pH and elevated dissolved organic matter (DOM) content resulted by biochar addition. Also, the unchanged Cd adsorption of the soil was likely responsible for the increased tested soil Cd availability. In addition, the combined effects of a greater decrease in soil pH, an increase in soil DOM content, and a reduction in Cd adsorption after the addition of microplastics to biochar‐amended soil resulted in a significant increase (ranging from 2.63% to 47.73%) in Cd availability compared to soil treated with biochar alone. Moreover, fresh microplastics inhibited wheat growth, and greater inhibition effect was observed for their aged ones. The biochar elevated the wheat biomass; however, the coexistence of microplastics and biochar decreased the wheat plant biomass compared with biochar alone, due to the negative influence of microplastics in plant growth.

Abstract In order to deal with the global energy crisis and environmental problems, reducing carbon dioxide through artificial photosynthesis has become a hot topic. Lead halide perovskite is attracted people's attention because of its excellent photoelectric properties, but the toxicity and long‐term instability prompt people to search for new photocatalysts. Herein, a series of inorganic double perovskites Cs4Mn1‐xCuxSb2Cl12 microcrystals (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) are synthesized and characterized. Among them, Cs4Mn0.7Cu0.3Sb2Cl12 microcrystals have the best photocatalytic performance, and the yields of CO and CH4 are 503.86 and 68.35 µmol g−1, respectively, after 3 h irradiation, which are the highest among pure phase perovskites reported so far. In addition, in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy are used to explore the mechanism of the photocatalytic reaction. The results highlight the potential of this class of materials for photocatalytic reduction reactions.

Abstract The preparation of 2D magnetoelectric (ME) nanomaterials with strong ME coupling is crucial for the fast reading and writing processes in the next generation of storage devices. Herein, 2D BaTiO3 (BTO)‐CoFe2O4 (CFO) ME nanocomposites are prepared through a substrate‐free coupling strategy using supercritical CO2. Such 2D BTO‐CFO with strong coupling is built through alternating in‐plane and out‐of‐plane epitaxy stacking, leading to remarkable mutual biaxial strain effects for spin‐lattice coupling. As a results, such strain effect significantly enhances the ferroelectricity of BTO and the ferrimagnetism of CFO, where an unexceptionally high ME coupling coefficient of (325.8 mV cm−1 Oe−1) is obtained for the BTO‐CFO nanocomposites.

Abstract The success of immune checkpoint blockade has reaffirmed the importance of the immune system in cancer treatment. Immunotherapy enables the body's own immune system to fight tumor cells. However, the complex tumor microenvironment and its interaction with the immune system remain a mystery. The efficacy of immunotherapy is often affected by tumor heterogeneity. Molecular imaging techniques, such as single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography, enable noninvasive whole‐body imaging of tumor and immune cell signatures. Noninvasive molecular imaging can also be used to monitor the treatment response of tumors, thereby achieving personalized response assessment, which may ultimately lead to improved clinical management, development of individualized treatments, and reliable prognosis. This article reviews recent research in immunotherapy response assessment, immune T‐cell imaging, immune checkpoint imaging, and radiomics/radiogenomics in immunotherapy. To date, these studies have primarily comprised exploratory preclinical imaging with preliminary results indicating that biomarker molecular imaging may have a role to play in the assessment of immunotherapy. Therefore, the principle of selecting patients for immunotherapy based on imaging results is feasible.

Abstract Macrotrabecular‐massive hepatocellular carcinoma (MTM‐HCC) is a subtype of HCC with a very poor prognosis and exhibits biological behaviors and clinical presentations that distinguish it from conventional HCC. Vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) is a unique pattern of vascular growth that is more common in patients with MTM‐HCC. This unique interaction between the angiogenic system and tumor cells is of general interest. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of HCC with MTM and VETC patterns help prevent early recurrence and improve prognosis. This review summarizes the existing findings for HCC with MTM and VETC patterns.

Abstract Aims There is robust trial evidence for improved overall survival (OS) with immunotherapy in advanced solid organ malignancies. The real‐world long‐term survival data and the predictive variables are not yet known. Our aim was to evaluate factors associated with 3‐year and 5‐year OS for patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods We performed a retrospective study of patients who received ICIs as management of advanced solid organ malignancies in two tertiary Australian oncology centres from 2012–2017. Data pertaining to clinical characteristics, metastatic disease burden, immune‐related adverse events (IRAEs) and tumour responses were collected and their relationship to survival examined. Results In this analysis of 264 patients, 202 (76.5%) had melanoma, 46 (17.4%) had non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 12 (4.5%) had renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and 4 (1.5%) had mesothelioma. The 5‐year OS rates were 42.1% in patients with melanoma, 19.6% with NSCLC, 75% with RCC, and none of the mesothelioma patients were alive at 5 years. In multivariate analysis, an ECOG score of 0 (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23–0.66; p

Abstract Background Durvalumab following concurrent chemoradiotherapy is standard treatment for unresectable stage III non‐small‐cell lung cancer based on the results of the PACIFIC trial. Based on trial criteria, not all patients are eligible for durvalumab in routine clinical practice. Methods We evaluated eligibility for durvalumab in a real‐world clinical setting and the impact of eligibility on outcomes. Consecutive patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy at two tertiary centers between January 2015 and June 2022 were assessed. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were evaluated based on eligibility criteria for the PACIFIC trial. Results A total of 126 patients were included. Seventy patients (56%) were eligible for durvalumab. Ineligibility was associated with shorter progression‐free survival of 9.7 months versus 18.4 months (hazard ratio [HR] 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39–0.95, p = 0.029) and overall survival of 26.4 months versus 58.7 months (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.28–0.80, p = 0.005). Common reasons for ineligibility were history of previous malignancy (32%) and progressive disease or death during chemoradiotherapy (25%). Ineligible patients who received durvalumab had similar outcomes to eligible patients who received durvalumab. Conclusions In a real‐world cohort, adjuvant durvalumab is safe and beneficial in a substantial proportion of patients who would not have been eligible for the PACIFIC trial.

Abstract Lead‐free halide double perovskites (DPs) have attracted great attention due to their stability, nontoxicity, and good photophysical properties. Herein, environmentally friendly small‐bandgap Cs2CuSbCl6 and Cs4CuSb2Cl12 DPs microcrystals (MCs) are prepared via a solvent synthesis technique. This study also reports a bottom‐up synthetic protocol for obtaining evenly distributed Cs2CuSbCl6 and Cs4CuSb2Cl12 quantum dots (QDs) utilizing a modified hot injection approach. These MCs and QDs have strong absorption throughout the visible region, indicating that they could be promising light‐absorbing materials as sunlight‐driven photocatalysts. For the first time, the efficient sunlight‐driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity of these Pb‐free “green” MCs and QDs has been revealed, and a product yield of 307 μmol g−1 and an electron consumption of 1053 μmol g−1 are achieved by the Cs4CuSb2Cl12 QDs under 3 h irradiation. Our results highlight the potential of this family of materials for photocatalytic applications.

Abstract Renewable energy is a key solution to address the challenges of energy shortages and climate change. Consequently, high‐renewable‐energy‐penetrated power systems (HREPPS) have become a popular trend. This has led to the increasing use of voltage‐source converters (VSCs) as renewable‐energy interfaces. Meanwhile, other VSC‐based applications such as flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) are used for supporting the energy conversion of renewable energy. With the large integration of VSC‐interfaced devices, there is a rising concern regarding their impact on the harmonic resonance of power systems. In this study, a new harmonically coupled impedance model is proposed to inspect the harmonic resonance caused by VSC‐interfaced devices in HREPPS. The model is derived based on the penetration of a multifrequency harmonic, enabling it to fully reveal the frequency coupling effect in the system. Research has shown that frequency coupling plays an important role in harmonic resonance analysis. The correctness of the proposed harmonic impedance model and its effectiveness on harmonic resonance analysis were verified using time‐domain simulations of a real‐life photovoltaic integrated system.

Abstract Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) triggers neutrophilic inflammation in damaged tissues of the lung, but little is known about the distinct roles of tissue structural cells in modulating the recruitment of neutrophils to damaged areas. Here, by combining single‐cell and spatial transcriptomics, and using quantitative assays, we systematically analyze inflammatory cell states in a mouse model of DAD‐induced neutrophilic inflammation after aerosolized intratracheal inoculation with ricin toxin. We show that homeostatic resident fibroblasts switch to a hyper‐inflammatory state, and the subsequent occurrence of a CXCL1‐CXCR2 chemokine axis between activated fibroblasts (AFib) as the signal sender and neutrophils as the signal receiver triggers further neutrophil recruitment. We also identify an anatomically localized inflamed niche (characterized by a close‐knit spatial intercellular contact between recruited neutrophils and AFib) in peribronchial regions that facilitate the pulmonary inflammation outbreak. Our findings identify an intricate interplay between hyper‐inflammatory fibroblasts and neutrophils and provide an overarching profile of dynamically changing inflammatory microenvironments during DAD progression.

Abstract The high‐temperature molten salt pump (MSP) is the core equipment of the thermal storage system for concentrating solar power plants, which circulates the molten salt of the thermal storage medium. This study employs numerical simulation of a two‐stage MSP with a storage tank to find the correlation between pressure pulsations and the evolutions of vortical structures based on renormalization group k‐ε turbulence model. It is shown that rotor/stator interaction is the most significant excitation source of pressure pulsations with the prominent excitations being the diffuser passing frequency (fDPF) in the impeller and the blade passing frequency (fBPF). Furthermore, Q‐criterion is employed to capture the periodic shedding vortexes with a frequency of about 3fR at the suction surface and the trailing edge in diffusers. Impinging vortex and shedding vortex with the frequency 6fR on the leading edge of the diffuser is captured. The vortex shedding characteristics are significantly different under various conditions, and the separation vortexes appear at the leading edge of pressure surface in the diffusers at higher flow rates. Finally, it is obvious that the excited components and their magnitudes in the pressure spectrum are closely associated with the unsteady vortical structures within the model pump.

Abstract Rotating stall contributes to global oscillation vibration problems, accompanied by noise and possible turbomachinery damage. This study with special emphasis on the vaned diffuser investigates the unsteady pressure interaction with the stall within the pump. A low specific speed centrifugal pump (ns = 69), fitted with a vaned diffuser is modeled and studied. The model pump performance curve shows the characteristic positive slope at 30% of the best efficiency point flow rate; 1.0 ΦΝ which is attributed to the stall phenomena. A finite volume method is employed with unsteady computations initialized utilizing shear stress transport k‐ω before proceeding with DDES. Pressure fluctuation and velocity magnitude normalized values are used to investigate the evolution of stall cell generation. The root mean square (RMS) values and normalized pressure (Cp) values are elicited to gain insight into pressure pulsation within the flow domain. The distinguished “starfish” shape is observed for monitor points md1 to md20, with the RMS trend decreasing with increasing flow rate from the pump shut off. Although in the vaned diffuser flow channel, an increase in pressure fluctuation along the flow channel toward the trailing edge is observed, the vaned diffuser channel shows a similar trend. The stall cell propagates at a speed of ΩRS = 0.078 at 0.2 ΦΝ, while at 0.1 ΦΝ propagates at a speed of ΩRS = 0.087; the stall speed tends to increase approaching pump shut off. Three distinguishable stall channels are observed from the flow structure for a five vaned diffuser; entering the stall, stalled, and stall recovery stages, within the flow channels.

Abstract Visual inertial odometry (VIO) would have an estimation drift problem in the process of long trajectory for indoor localization, especially in the absence of loop detection or in unknown complex scenes. To solve this problem, a low drift visual inertial odometry with ultra‐wideband (UWB) aided for indoor localization was proposed. Firstly, a single UWB anchor was dropped in an unknown position, and a cost function was formed by the position information output by VIO and the UWB ranging information to obtain the position of the anchor. Then, the single anchor position and the UWB ranging constraints were added to the tightly coupled visual inertial fusion algorithm framework, thereby improving the robustness of motion tracking and reducing the drift of the odometry. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified in the actual indoor environment, and the experiment results demonstrated that, compared with state‐of‐the‐art localization methods, the positioning accuracy and robustness were improved significantly.

Abstract Background Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of rare skeletal dysplasia. Long bone deformity and scoliosis are often associated with progressively deforming types of OI. FKBP65 (encoded by FKBP10, OMIM *607063) plays a crucial role in the processing of type I procollagen. Autosomal recessive variants in FKBP10 result in type XI osteogenesis imperfecta. Methods Patients diagnosed with OI were recruited for a genetic test. RT‐PCR and Sanger sequencing were applied to confirm the splicing defect in FKBP10 mRNA with the splice‐site variant. The bone structure was characterized by Goldner's trichrome staining. Bioinformatic analyses of bulk RNA sequencing data were performed to examine the effect of the FKBP10 variant on gene expression. Results Here we reported three children from a consanguineous family harboured a homozygous splice‐site variant (c.918‐3C > G) in FKBP10 intron and developed long bone deformity and early onset of scoliosis. We also observed frequent long bone fractures and spinal deformity in another 3 OI patients with different FKBP10 variants. The homozygous splicing variant identified in the fifth intron of FKBP10 (c.918‐3C > G) led to abnormal RNA processing and loss of FKBP65 protein and consequently resulted in aberrant collagen alignment and porous bone morphology. Analysis of transcriptomic data indicated that genes involved in protein processing and osteoblast differentiation were significantly affected in the patient‐derived osteoblasts. Conclusion Our study characterized the clinical features of OI patients with FKBP10 variants and revealed the pathogenesis of the c.918‐3C > G variant. The molecular analyses helped to gain insight into the deleterious effects of FKBP10 variants on collagen processing and osteoblast differentiation.

Abstract This paper proposes a novel exponential anti‐windup method for a high‐proportional‐load marine electrical propeller system, allowing the system to respond to changes in working conditions that would make the control system operate in the open‐loop state and severely affect the system stability and dynamic response speed. First, the commonly used inverse calculation type and conditional integration type anti‐windup methods are discussed, and the two methods are compared and analysed. The proposed exponential anti‐integral saturation method is obtained by introducing an exponential link in the PI controller to weaken the effect of the integral link when the controller output is saturated to improve the control performance of the traditional anti‐integral saturation method when the operating conditions of the marine electrical propeller system change. To verify the accuracy of the theoretical analysis, experiments were conducted using starsim. The experimental results verify that the theoretical analysis and parameter design are correct and superior and have the characteristics of fast desaturation and small overshoot of the system. The method has good theoretical research significance and practical application prospects for improving the comprehensive performance of marine electrical propeller systems.

Abstract The emitted noise and vibration induced by the unsteady flow of the centrifugal pump are always focused during its running, which is also associated with the high amplitude pressure pulsations. How to reduce pressure pulsations remains a crucial problem for the researcher considering low noise design of the centrifugal pump. In the current research, a special staggered impeller is proposed to reduce intense pressure pulsations of a centrifugal pump with ns = 69 based on alleviating rotor‐stator interaction. The numerical simulation method is conducted to illustrate the influence of staggered impeller on the pump performance and pressure pulsations, and three typical flow rates (0.8ФN–1.2ФN) are simulated. Results show that the staggered impeller will lead to the pump head increasing, and at the design working condition, the increment reaches about 3% compared with the original impeller. Meanwhile, the pump efficiency is little affected by the staggered impeller, which is almost identical with the original impeller. From comparison of pressure spectra at 20 monitoring points around the impeller outlet, it is validated that the staggered impeller contributes significantly to decreasing pressure pulsations at the concerned working conditions. At the blade passing frequency, the averaged reduction of 20 points reaches 89% by using the staggered impeller at 1.0ФN. The reduction reaches to 90%, 80% at 0.8ФN, 1.2ФN, respectively. Caused by the rib within the staggered impeller, the internal flow field in the blade channel will be affected. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed staggered impeller surely has a significant effect on alleviating intense pressure pulsation of the model pump and does not obviously alter the global performance of the pump, which is very promising during the low noise pump design considering its feasibility for manufacturing.

Abstract Background Computed tomography (CT)‐detected extramural venous invasion (EMVI) has been identified as an independent factor that can be used for risk stratification and prediction of prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Overall survival (OS) is identified as the most important prognostic indicator for GC patients. However, the molecular mechanism of EMVI development and its potential relationship with OS in GC are not fully understood. In this radiogenomics‐based study, we sought to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying CT‐detected EMVI in patients with GC, and aimed to construct a genomic signature based on EMVI‐related genes with the goal of using this signature to predict the OS. Materials and Methods Whole mRNA genome sequencing of frozen tumor samples from 13 locally advanced GC patients was performed to identify EMVI‐related genes. EMVI‐prognostic hub genes were selected based on overlapping EMVI‐related differentially expressed genes and OS‐related genes, using a training cohort of 176 GC patients who were included in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Another 174 GC patients from this database comprised the external validation cohort. A risk stratification model using a seven‐gene signature was constructed through the use of a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression model. Results Patients with high risk score showed significantly reduced OS (training cohort, p = 1.143e‐04; validation cohort, p = 2.429e‐02). Risk score was an independent predictor of OS in multivariate Cox regression analyses (training cohort, HR = 2.758; 95% CI: 1.825–4.169; validation cohort, HR = 2.173; 95% CI: 1.347–3.505; p

Abstract As one of the main reasons for the deterioration of Nomex paper and charge migration, partial discharge (PD) plays a critical role during PD degradation. In this study, the PD characteristics of multilayer oil paper are focused on. In order to explore the characteristics of charge migration, the experiments of the relative permittivity, conductivity, isothermal surface potential decay, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier infrared spectroscopy have been carried out. The results show that the discharge branches of the second layer are two and three times longer than those in the first layer. In addition, the trap level of the first layer for PD degradation samples increases with the degree of PD degradation. The charges captured by deep traps provide seed charges for PD on the surface of the first layer. The charge transportation will accelerate the formation of shallow traps. The charge distribution and shallow traps contribute to the expansion of discharge branches.

Abstract A hydrofoil blade design (HBD) is proposed to suppress the unsteady pressure pulsations in a centrifugal pump. Numerical simulation is carried out using the SST k‐ω model to obtain the unsteady flow field in the pump both with HBD and the conventional blade design (CBD). The pressure pulsations with the two types of blade profiles are compared at the nominal flow rate, whereas the jet‐wake flow patterns and vortex structures are analyzed to clarify the effect of the HBD on the flow field. The pressure pulsation amplitudes at the blade frequency (fBPF) are significantly reduced with the HBD, especially near the volute tongue, with a reduction of 72%. It is evident that HBD can effectively suppress the pressure pulsation. It is for these reasons that the relative velocities in the jet region at the impeller outlet are reduced, and the velocity gradients between the pressure and suction side are decreased, which contributes to improving the flow uniformity at the impeller outlet. Besides, the vorticities at the impeller outlet are reduced, and the high energy vortices shedding from the blade trailing edge are restrained. The combined effects of the uniform flow field and low vorticities contribute to the reduction of pressure amplitude with the HBD. The findings would serve as a reference for the pump designs with low noise and vibration.

Budigalimab is a humanized, recombinant, Fc mutated IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) receptor, currently in phase I clinical trials. The safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics (PKs), pharmacodynamics (PDs), and budigalimab dose selection from monotherapy dose escalation and multihistology expansion cohorts were evaluated in patients with previously treated advanced solid tumors who received budigalimab at 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks (Q2W) in dose escalation, including Japanese patients that received 3 and 10 mg/kg Q2W. PK modeling and PK/PD assessments informed the dosing regimen in expansion phase using data from body‐weight‐based dosing in the escalation phase, based on which patients in the multihistology expansion cohort received flat doses of 250 mg Q2W or 500 mg every four weeks (Q4W). Immune‐related adverse events (AEs) were reported in 11 of 59 patients (18.6%), of which 1 of 59 (1.7%) was considered grade ≥ 3 and the safety profile of budigalimab was consistent with other PD‐1 targeting agents. No treatment‐related grade 5 AEs were reported. Four responses per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 were reported in the dose escalation cohort and none in the multihistology expansion cohort. PK of budigalimab was approximately dose proportional and sustained > 99% peripheral PD‐1 receptor saturation was observed by 2 hours postdosing, across doses. PK/PD and safety profiles were comparable between Japanese and Western patients, and exposure‐safety analyses did not indicate any trends. Observed PK and PD‐1 receptor saturation were consistent with model predictions for flat doses and less frequent regimens, validating the early application of PK modeling and PK/PD assessments to inform the recommended dose and regimen, following dose escalation.

Abstract Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) results from the dysfunction of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and the exhaustion of NP progenitors (ProNPs). The cellular applications of NP cells during IDD are currently limited due to the lack of in vivo studies showing whether NP cells are heterogeneous and contain ProNPs throughout postnatal stages. In this study, single‐cell RNA sequencing of purified NP cells is used to map four molecularly defined populations and urotensin II receptor (UTS2R)‐expressing postnatal ProNPs is identified, which are markedly exhausted during IDD, in mouse and human specimens. The lineage tracing shows that UTS2R+ ProNPs preferentially resides in the NP periphery with its niche factor tenascin‐C and give rise to functional NP cells. It is also demonstrated that transplanting UTS2R+ ProNPs with tenascin‐C into injured intervertebral discs attenuate the progression of IDD. The study provides a novel NP cell atlas, identified resident ProNPs with regenerative potential, and revealed promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for IDD.

Abstract To solve the severe flow‐induced vibration during the pump operation, the impeller cut is a reasonable and operable approach. In the present study, effects of cutting the blade on the pump performance, especially for pressure pulsations, are conducted by experiments, and numerical results are used to discuss the relation between the internal flow and pressure pulsation. Three cutting angles are investigated, and the obtained results are compared with the original pump. Pressure transducers are mounted on the volute wall and outlet to capture pressure signals of different pumps. Results show that at the cutting angle φ = 15°, pump heads at low flow rates are decreased, which are little affected at high flow rates. With the cutting angles increasing to φ = 25° and φ = 35°, cutting the blade contributes to the reductions of pump heads at all the measured flow rates. Pressure pulsations are significantly affected by cutting the blade. For major measuring points on the volute wall, pressure amplitudes at the blade passing frequency fBPF are attenuated by cutting the blade, especially at high flow rates. Mean pressure amplitude at fBPF is decreased by 38.6% at φ = 15°, which is caused by the increasing gap between the tongue and the blade. From comparison, it is suggested that the cut angle φ = 15° can be used to reduce pressure pulsation considering its little influence on the pump head during application. The obtained results will be useful during the pump operation to reduce pressure pulsations by the blade cut approach.

Abstract Treating advanced lung cancer in patients with pulmonary fibrosis can be challenging due to increased risks of drug‐induced and radiation‐induced pneumonitis. We present the case of a 78‐year‐old female with stage IIIB lung adenocarcinoma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Following partial response to platinum‐based chemotherapy, she was started on maintenance pemetrexed, but this was stopped due to bone marrow suppression and kidney injury. She received no further chemotherapy. Nintedanib was subsequently commenced for treatment of IPF. Remarkably, progress imaging at 2 years showed further regression of her lung adenocarcinoma, with stability of IPF. Nintedanib is a multi‐target tyrosine kinase inhibitor with anti‐cancer effects due to inhibition of angiogenesis. Nintedanib with chemotherapy has shown improvements in survival in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This case report and literature review discuss the effectiveness of nintedanib in treating patients with concurrent IPF and NSCLC, in particular for patients poorly tolerant of conventional chemotherapy.

Abstract Organic–inorganic halide perovskites have been widely used in photovoltaic technologies. Despite tremendous progress in their efficiency and stability, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are still facing the challenges of upscaling and stability for practical applications. As a mature film preparation technology, magnetron sputtering has been widely used to prepare metals, metallic oxides, and some semiconductor films, which has great application potential in the fabrication of PSCs. Here, a unique technology where high‐quality perovskite films are prepared via magnetron sputtering for controllable composition, solvent‐free, large‐area, and massive production, is presented. This strategy transforms the perovskite materials from powder to thin films by magnetron sputtering and post‐treatment (vapor‐assisted treatment with methanaminium iodide gas and methylamine gas treatment), which is greatly favorable to manufacture tandem solar cells. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs with perovskite films fabricated by magnetron sputtering is 6.14%. After optimization, high‐performance perovskite films with excellent electronic properties are obtained and stable PSCs with excellent reproducibility are realized, showing a PCE of up to 15.22%. The entirely novel synthetic approach opens up a new and promising way to achieve high‐throughput magnetron sputtering for large‐area production in commercial applications of planar heterojunction and tandem PSCs.

Abstract High‐throughput biological data has created an unprecedented opportunity for illuminating the mechanisms of tumor emergence and evolution. An important and challenging problem in deciphering cancers is to investigate the commonalities of driver genes and pathways and the associations between cancers. Aiming at this problem, a tool ComCovEx is developed to identify common cancer driver gene modules between two cancers by searching for the candidates in local signaling networks using an exclusivity‐coverage iteration strategy and outputting those with significant coverage and exclusivity for both cancers. The associations of the cancer pairs are further evaluated by Fisher's exact test. Being applied to 11 TCGA cancer datasets, ComCovEx identifies 13 significantly associated cancer pairs with plenty of biologically significant common gene modules. The novel results of cancer relationship and common gene modules reveal the relevant pathological basis of different cancer types and provide new clues to diagnosis and drug treatment in associated cancers.

Abstract Two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with unique electrical properties are fascinating materials used for future electronics. However, the strong Fermi level pinning effect at the interface of TMDCs and metal electrodes always leads to high contact resistance, which seriously hinders their application in 2D electronics. One effective way to overcome this is to use metallic TMDCs or transferred metal electrodes as van der Waals (vdW) contacts. Alternatively, using highly conductive doped TMDCs will have a profound impact on the contact engineering of 2D electronics. Here, a novel chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using mixed molten salts is established for vapor–liquid–solid growth of high‐quality rhenium (Re) and vanadium (V) doped TMDC monolayers with high controllability and reproducibility. A tunable semiconductor to metal transition is observed in the Re‐ and V‐doped TMDCs. Electrical conductivity increases up to a factor of 108 in the degenerate V‐doped WS2 and WSe2. Using V‐doped WSe2 as vdW contact, the on‐state current and on/off ratio of WSe2‐based field‐effect transistors have been substantially improved (from ≈10–8 to 10–5 A; ≈104 to 108), compared to metal contacts. Future studies on lateral contacts and interconnects using doped TMDCs will pave the way for 2D integrated circuits and flexible electronics.

Abstract Evaporation from undulating soil surfaces is rarely studied due to limited modeling theory and inadequate experimental data linking dynamic soil and atmospheric interactions. The goal of this paper is to provide exploratory insights into evaporation behavior from undulating soil surfaces under turbulent conditions through numerical and experimental approaches. A previously developed and verified coupled free flow and porous media flow model was extended by incorporating turbulent airflow through Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations. The model explicitly describes the relevant physical processes and the key properties in the free flow, porous media, and at the interface, allowing for the analysis of coupled exchange fluxes. An experiment aiming to simultaneously collect the data of the boundary layer and soil evaporation in the area around the soil–atmosphere interface was conducted using a wind tunnel integrated with a soil tank. The turbulent boundary layer above the undulating soil surface was captured using high‐resolution hot‐wire anemometry, confirming the presence of recirculation zones in the undulating valleys and locally low evaporative flux. Experimental data were used to validate the extended model, and modeling results demonstrate that turbulent airflow enhances evaporation and shortens the duration of Stage I. The surface geometry significantly affects the local evaporative flux by influencing the vapor distribution, concentration gradient, and water availability at the soil surface, especially when recirculation zones form in the valleys. As a joint result of turbulence and surface undulations, the influence of wind speed on both the local and system‐level evaporation rate is restricted.

Abstract Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in gene regulation, but their impact on the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and the biological function of cancer cells is unclear. In this study, we used next‐generation sequencing to study the differences in the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in colorectal cancer tissues. We analyzed the differentially expressed genes by Gene Ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (GO/KEGG) enrichment and predicted new lncRNA functions. Our results revealed that compared with lncRNAs and mRNAs in nontumor colorectal tissues, 1019 lncRNAs (512 upregulated, 507 downregulated) and 3221 mRNAs (1606 upregulated, 1615 downregulated) were differentially expressed in tumor colorectal tissues (fold change >2 and P

The mainlobe interference is a noticeable issue in the passive bistatic radar. As the direction of arrival (DOA) of the interference is close to the DOA of the target echo, the interference hardly be cancelled by the adaptive spatial filtering. After clutter cancellation, the authors assume the mainlobe interference is the principal component of the array element signal. This study proposes the method based on the principal component analysis (PCA) and the extensive cancellation algorithm (ECA) to cancel the mainlobe interference in the echoes. The PCA is applied to extract the interference component from the array element signals, and the ECA is applied to cancel the interference with the extracted interference component as the reference. Finally, the simulation result proves the feasibility of the method proposed by this paper.

Dynamic security assessment (DSA) is widely used in dispatching operation systems, and the small signal stability is one of the DSA's most time-consuming calculation methods. In this article, a fast method is proposed aiming to predict the small signal stability metrics of designated oscillation mode, for example frequency or damping ratio. The method is much faster than the simulation and suitable for the online application. First, the t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (t-SNE) algorithm is performed which can create a mapping from the power system components to 2D coordinate depending on the electrical distance of each other; then, it will be transformed into a grid structure by meshing operation, on which the convolutional neural network (CNN) model can be run properly. Finally, with a large amount of simulation samples, the CNN model can be well trained using static quantities as its input and small signal stability metrics as its prediction target. While a new operation mode needs to be evaluated, the result will be obtained by CNN directly. The validity of proposed method is verified using online data of State Grid Corp of China. It is proved that the method meets the requirements for speed and accuracy of online analysis system.