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This study examined parental, peer, and media influences on Taiwanese adolescents' attitudes toward premarital sex and intent to engage in sexual behavior. Participants included a convenience sample of 186 adolescents aged 13-15 recruited from two middle schools in Taiwan. Parental influence was indicated by perceived parental disapproval toward premarital sex and perceived peer sexual behavior was used to measure peer influence. Media influence was measured by the adolescents' perception of whether the media promotes premarital sex. We conducted structural equation modeling to test a hypothesized model. The findings suggested that the perceived sexual behavior of peers had the strongest effect on Taiwanese adolescents' sexual attitudes and behavioral intent, while parental disapproval and media influence also significantly contributed to adolescents' sexual attitudes and intent to engage in sex. School nurses are in an ideal position to coordinate essential resources and implement evidence-based sexually transmitted infection and HIV/AIDS prevention interventions that address issues associated with the influence of parents, peers, and media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This study aimed to (a) test the fit of the hypothesized model for new nurses' intent to leave and (b) determine the extent to which personal characteristics, work conditions, and work-related fatigue predict intent to leave among new nurses. Design and Methods This study was a cross-sectional survey study. A total of 162 new nurses were recruited. A hypothesized model was proposed for model testing. Structural equation modelling was used for data analysis. Findings Work conditions only had an effect through work-related fatigue on new nurses' intent to leave. Personal characteristics did not have a significant effect on new nurses' intent to leave. The final model showed a good fit. Work-related fatigue, work conditions, and health explained 65% of the variance in new nurses' intent to leave. Conclusions Work-related fatigue was a major determinant of new nurses' intent to leave. More attention should be paid to fatigue reduction strategies among new nurses. Clinical Relevance Work-related fatigue should be monitored, particularly for new nurses who work more than 10 hr per day and who have greater workloads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Most previous studies on the relationship between occupational burnout and the quality of care among nurses have used self‐reported data on the quality of care from nurses, thus rendering evaluating the relationship between burnout and the quality of care difficult. Hospitals increasingly hire contract nurses and high turnover rates remain a concern. Little is known about whether nurses' emotional intelligence and demographic factors such as contract status, tenure, and marital status affect the quality of care when burnout occurs. This study investigated the relationship between burnout and patient‐rated quality of care and investigated the moderating role of emotional intelligence and demographic variables. Methods: Hierarchical moderated regression was used to analyze 98 sets of paired data obtained from nurses and their patients at a teaching hospital in northern Taiwan. Results: The results suggest that occupational burnout has a less unfavorable effect on the quality of care from permanent, married, and senior nurses. Conclusion: Nursing management should pay particular attention to retaining permanent, married, and senior nurses. To ensure a sustainable nursing workforce in the future, newly graduated registered nurses should have access to permanent positions and opportunities for long‐term professional development. In addition, married nurses should be provided with flexible work–family arrangements to ensure their satisfaction in the nursing profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most significant challenge in facilitating a professional virtual community (PVC) is maintaining a continuous supply of knowledge from members, especially because lurkers often make up a large portion of an online community. However, we still do not understand how knowledge-sharing intention (KSI) is formed across poster and lurker groups. Accordingly, this study seeks to provide a fuller understanding of the formation of behavioral intention in PVCs by decomposing the psychological formation of KSI and focusing on factors deemed likely to influence the KSI of posters and lurkers. This study's online survey of 177 posters and 246 lurkers from 3 PVCs demonstrated that enjoyment in helping others positively influenced posters' attitudes toward knowledge sharing, whereas reciprocity and technology adoption variables (perceived ease of use and compatibility) positively influenced lurkers' attitudes. Interpersonal trust and peer influence strongly affected the subjective norm of knowledge sharing in both groups, with posters emphasizing interpersonal trust and lurkers emphasizing peer influence. Furthermore, knowledge self-efficacy and resource availability enhanced the perceived behavioral control of knowledge sharing in both groups, with knowledge self-efficacy affecting posters the most and resource availability influencing lurkers the most. The results of this study have important implications for both research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This study examined which aspects of professional commitment can effectively retain nurses in the nursing profession. Design, Settings, and Participants This study used a longitudinal design, simple random sampling, and two-wave data collection to survey and follow up a representative sample of 579 nurses for 1 year in a major medical center in northern Taiwan. Methods Items measuring each aspect of professional commitment came from Meyer et al.'s scale. In the second wave, administrative data were culled to determine whether these nurses remain employed as nurses. Structural equation modeling is used to analyze the data. Results Analytical results indicate that continuance commitment predicts nurse retention in the nursing profession (path coefficient = 0.34, p < .01). Conclusions Institutional efforts to improve continuance commitment (e.g., improved salary structures and enhanced professional development opportunities) likely retain nurses in the nursing profession. Clinical Relevance The findings of this study indicate the importance of continuance intention in retaining nurses. Nursing managers who face staff retention issues may consider making efforts to improve nurse salary and employer-sponsored benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Metabolic syndrome and depression are both thought to be associated with cognitive impairment in the elderly. Metabolic syndrome is also correlated with depression. We examined their possible pathways in a population-based sample. Methods We recruited 300 older community participants from Southern Taiwan. Demographics, medical history, severity of depressive symptoms, cognitive function, apolipoprotein genotyping, and lipid profile were collected. The presence of metabolic syndrome was confirmed with the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel. Possible relationships between metabolic syndrome, depressive symptoms, and cognitive dysfunction were explored using logistic regression and structured equation modelling. Results When gender, age, education, marital status, and apolipoprotein genotype were adjusted for logistic regression, metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms were independent and significant predictors of cognitive dysfunction for community-dwelling elderly. In structural equation modelling, metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms were correlated to each other, and both contributed to the presence of cognitive dysfunction. Conclusions Depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome are independently associated with cognitive impairment among community-dwelling elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Sexual self-efficacy plays an important role in adolescents' sexual health. The aim of this study was to test a cause-and-effect model of sexual self-concept and sexual risk cognition toward sexual self-efficacy in adolescents. Methods The study was a cross-sectional survey. Using a random sampling method, a total of 713 junior nursing students were invited to participate in the study, and 465 valid surveys were returned, resulting in a return rate of 65.2%. The data was collected using an anonymous mailed questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships among sexual self-concept, sexual risk cognition, and sexual self-efficacy, as well as the mediating role of sexual risk cognition. Results The results revealed that the postulated model fits the data well. Sexual self-concept significantly predicted sexual risk cognition and sexual self-efficacy. Sexual risk cognition significantly predicted sexual self-efficacy and had a mediating effect on the relationship between sexual self-concept and sexual self-efficacy. Conclusion Based on social cognitive theory and a structural equation model technique, this study confirmed the mediating role of sexual risk cognition in the relationship between sexual self-concept and sexual self-efficacy. Also, sexual self-concept's direct and indirect effects explaining adolescents' sexual self-efficacy were found in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study is to investigate whether applicants' impression management ( IM) tactics indirectly influence hiring recommendations through cognitive mechanisms (i.e. recruiters' perceptions of person-organisation [ P- O] fit, person-job [ P- J] fit, and person-recruiter [ P- R] fit) or affective mechanisms (i.e. recruiters' positive mood) during authentic employment interviews for actual job openings. Participants consisted of 221 applicant-recruiter dyads from 50 companies in Taiwan. The results demonstrated that applicants' self-focused IM tactics are positively related to recruiter perceptions of P- J fit, which in turn influence hiring recommendations. In addition, applicant other-focused IM tactics affect hiring recommendations through recruiters' perceptions of P- O fit. Moreover, applicants' non-verbal IM tactics were positively related to recruiters' positive mood, which in turn affected recruiters' perceptions of P- J fit and P- O fit, thereby affecting hiring recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to test a causal model of the predictors of agitation among 405 nursing home residents in Taiwan with varying degrees of cognitive impairment. Chart review and behavioral observations were used to assess residents' physical and psychosocial condition. The final version of the model had a good fit. Cognitive function and depression had direct effects on agitation, and pain and functional ability had indirect effects on agitation via depression. Additionally, cognitive function and pain influenced functional ability directly, which in turn influenced depression and ultimately influenced agitation. The results suggest that effective management of agitation in demented residents requires identifying the needs underlying the behavior rather than directly treating the behavior itself. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well-being is an important indicator of an individual's quality of life, especially for retired people. In the present study, we investigated the psychological well-being ( PWB) of retired Taipei ( Taiwan) older people and its associations with sex, family relationships, and health status. A structured questionnaire was used to measure demographics, family relationships, and perceived health status, as well as Ryff's PWB Scales. Data were analyzed from 268 retired olderpeople recruited from social service centres and public parks from September to November 2010. The Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes model demonstrated a very good fit of Ryff's PWB Scales and their relations to sex, family relationships, and perceived health status. The link with PWB was stronger for family relationships than for perceived health. The Mandarin translation of Ryff's PWB Scales was found to be suitable and easy to administer to Taiwanese olderpeople. The findings suggest that nurses should note that improving family relations will facilitate the PWB of retired olderpeople, which results in better outcomes of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on both social exchange theory and impression management theory, this study sought to explain how perception of organizational politics (POP) influences organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) through two contrary psychological processes. We proposed that through the mediation of job satisfaction, POP has an inhibiting effect on OCB; through the mediation of careerism, POP has a nourishing effect on OCB. Data were obtained from 393 police officers and their colleagues from a city police department in northern Taiwan. Results from structural equation modelling (SEM) revealed that the relationship between POP and OCB was negatively mediated by job satisfaction and positively mediated by careerism. Such antithetical psychological processes imply that employees may experience psychological dilemmas over the performance of OCB when they perceive their organization as political. Implications for theory and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed a survey to explore students' preferences in constructivist context-aware ubiquitous learning environments. A constructivist context-aware ubiquitous learning (u-learning) environment survey (CULES) was developed, consisting of eight scales, including ease of use, continuity, relevance, adaptive content, multiple sources, timely guidance, student negotiation, and inquiry learning. The survey responses were gathered from 215 university students from five universities in Taiwan. The students all had actual experience of using u-learning systems in u-learning environments. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the CULES had high reliability and validity. The structural model revealed that the provision of realistic and close-to-real-life information could enhance students' preferences for timely guidance, student negotiation, and inquiry-learning activities. In addition, the attainment of inquiry learning is quite challenging when designing u-learning activities, as it involves the enhancement of the other CULES scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the lens of the dramaturgical perspective, the present study investigated (1) the unique predictability of applicant non-verbal cues (physical attractiveness and non-verbal behaviours) on interviewer evaluation, and (2) whether situational variables (i.e., customer-contact requirement and sex-type consistency) moderate the relationships between applicant non-verbal cues and interviewer evaluations. Data were collected from 177 interview sessions held in 39 firms in Taiwan. Results showed that applicant physical attractiveness explained unique variance in interviewer evaluations beyond that explained by applicant verbal content. Moreover, the effect of physical attractiveness became weaker when jobs possessed lower customer-contact requirements, or when the applicant's gender was inconsistent with the interviewer's sex-type belief relative to the job. No main or moderating effects, however, were found for non-verbal behaviours on interviewer evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The résumé is the most commonly used selection tool for organisations. Past studies have demonstrated that recruiter hiring recommendations can be predicted based on the content of applicant résumés. However, the mechanisms underlying the links between résumé contents and hiring recommendations remain unclear. The present study extends previous research by examining the mediating roles of recruiters' multi-faceted fit perceptions in a field setting. Data were collected from 216 organisational recruiters who participated in campus recruitment at seven universities in Taiwan. The results showed that applicant work experience and educational background increased recruiter hiring recommendations through recruiter perceived person-job (P-J) fit. In addition, applicant work experience predicted recruiter perceived person-organisation (P-O) fit, which in turn enhanced recruiter hiring recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated a possible pathway of the childrearing context and maternal mental health at 6 months, and how these factors influence children's development at 6, 18 and 36 months. Using random sampling, 2048 children and mothers were selected. The mother's health status was evaluated using the Taiwanese version of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and infant development was assessed using the high reliable Taiwan birth cohort study instrument. All data were collected using parental self-report, and were analysed using multiple linear regression analysis and further pathway using structural equation modelling. This study showed that 12 factors effected children's development at 6 months, and some dissipated with growth. Of these, maternal education had an enduring effect on different domains of child development, and this effect intensified as the child grew older. Children who grew up in a family with more siblings would show a delay in language development at 6 months; they have a delay in motor and social development at 18 and 36 months. Additionally, maternal mental health effected the children's fine motor development at 6 months. However, this effect disappeared at 18 months, and influenced children's social development at 36 months. This study demonstrated that the development of children at as young as 6 months is affected by various factors. These factors may dissipate, continue to influence child development up to 3 years of age, turn from being disadvantageous to beneficial, or affect different domains of child development. Also, parental self-report instrument might be has its limitation and could be contributed by several confounding factors. Thus, continuous longitudinal follow-up on changes in maternal conditions, family factors, and environmental factors is vital to understand how these early infantile factors affect each other and influence the developmental trajectories of children into early childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]