1,997 results
Search Results
2. Current insights and molecular docking studies of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
- Author
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Singh AK, Kumar A, Arora S, Kumar R, Verma A, Khalilullah H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, and Kumar P
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- Humans, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors pharmacology, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Molecular Docking Simulation, HIV Reverse Transcriptase metabolism, Anti-HIV Agents pharmacology, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, HIV-1, HIV Infections drug therapy, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome chemically induced, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome drug therapy
- Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a lethal disease that is prevalent worldwide. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) data, 38.4 million people worldwide were living with HIV in 2021. Viral reverse transcriptase (RT) is an excellent target for drug intervention. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) were the first class of approved antiretroviral drugs. Later, a new type of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were approved as anti-HIV drugs. Zidovudine, didanosine, and stavudine are FDA-approved NRTIs, while nevirapine, efavirenz, and delavirdine are FDA-approved NNRTIs. Several agents are in clinical trials, including apricitabine, racivir, elvucitabine, doravirine, dapivirine, and elsulfavirine. This review addresses HIV-1 structure, replication cycle, reverse transcription, and HIV drug targets. This study focuses on NRTIs and NNRTIs, their binding sites, mechanisms of action, FDA-approved drugs and drugs in clinical trials, their resistance and adverse effects, their molecular docking studies, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
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3. Chemometrics as a valuable tool for evaluating interactions between antiretroviral drugs and food.
- Author
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Wiesner A, Zagrodzki P, Jamrozik M, Korchowiec J, Marcinkowska M, and Paśko P
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- Humans, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Chemometrics, Anti-Retroviral Agents therapeutic use, HIV Protease Inhibitors therapeutic use, HIV Infections drug therapy, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use
- Abstract
Aims: Clinically significant interactions with food occur for more than half of antiretroviral drugs. Different physiochemical properties deriving from the chemical structures of antiretroviral drugs may contribute to the variable food effect. Chemometric methods allow analysing a large number of interrelated variables concomitantly and visualizing correlations between them. We used a chemometric approach to determine the types of correlations among different features of antiretroviral drugs and food that may influence interactions., Methods: Thirty-three antiretroviral drugs were analysed: ten nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, six non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, five integrase strand transfer inhibitors, ten protease inhibitors, one fusion inhibitor and one HIV maturation inhibitor. Input data for the analysis were collected from already published clinical studies, chemical records and calculations. We constructed a hierarchical partial least squares (PLS) model with three response parameters: postprandial change of time to reach maximum drug concentration (ΔT
max ), albumin binding (%) and logarithm of partition coefficient (logP). Predictor parameters were the first two principal components of principal component analysis (PCA) models for six groups of molecular descriptors., Results: PCA models explained 64.4% to 83.4% of the variance of the original parameters (average: 76.9%), whereas the PLS model had four significant components and explained 86.2% and 71.4% of the variance in the sets of predictor and response parameters, respectively. We observed 58 significant correlations between ΔTmax , albumin binding (%), logP and constitutional, topological, hydrogen bonding and charge-based molecular descriptors., Conclusions: Chemometrics is a useful and valuable tool for analysing interactions between antiretroviral drugs and food., (© 2023 British Pharmacological Society.)- Published
- 2023
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4. HCV reinfection rates after cure or spontaneous clearance among HIV-infected and uninfected men who have sex with men.
- Author
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Adu PA, Rossi C, Binka M, Wong S, Wilton J, Wong J, Butt ZA, Bartlett S, Jeong D, Pearce M, Darvishian M, Yu A, Alvarez M, Velásquez García HA, Krajden M, and Janjua NZ
- Subjects
- Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, British Columbia epidemiology, Hepacivirus genetics, Humans, Incidence, Male, Reinfection, Coinfection drug therapy, Coinfection epidemiology, HIV Infections complications, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections epidemiology, Hepatitis C drug therapy, Hepatitis C epidemiology, Homosexuality, Male, Sexual and Gender Minorities
- Abstract
Background & Aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection among high-risk groups threatens HCV elimination goals. We assessed HCV reinfection rates among men who have sex with men (MSM) in British Columbia (BC), Canada., Methods: We used data from the BC Hepatitis Testers Cohort, which includes nearly 1.7 million individuals tested for HCV or HIV in BC. MSM who had either achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) after successful HCV treatment, or spontaneous clearance (SC) and had ≥1 subsequent HCV RNA measurement, were followed from the date of SVR or SC until the earliest of reinfection, death, or last HCV RNA measurement. Predictors of reinfection were identified by Cox proportional modelling. The earliest study start date was 6 November 1997 and latest end date was 13 April 2018., Results: Of 1349 HCV-positive MSM who met the inclusion criteria, 493 had SC while 856 achieved SVR. 349 (25.65%) had HIV coinfection. We identified 98 reinfections during 5203 person-years (PYs) yielding a reinfection rate of 1.88/100PYs. The reinfection rate among SC (2.74/100PYs) was more than twice that of those with SVR (1.03/100 PYs). Problematic alcohol use (aHR 1.73, 95% CI 1.003-2.92), injection drug use (aHR 2.60, 95% CI 1.57-4.29) and HIV coinfection (aHR 2.04, 95% CI 1.29-3.23) were associated with increased risk of HCV reinfection. Mental health counselling history (aHR 0.24, 95% CI 0.13-0.46) was associated with reduced HCV reinfection risk., Conclusions: There is the need to engage MSM in harm reduction and prevention services following treatment to reduce reinfection risk., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2021
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5. Retrospective analysis of alpha-human papillomavirus (HPV) types in tissue samples from anogenital dysplasias - introduction of the RICH (Risk of HPV-related Carcinoma in HIV +/- patients) score.
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Hildebrand JA, Fischbeck AJ, Hundsdoerfer B, Clanner-Engelshofen BM, Marsela E, Wollenberg A, Flaig M, French LE, and Reinholz M
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- Adult, Anus Neoplasms complications, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Papillomavirus Infections complications, Retrospective Studies, Tumor Virus Infections complications, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms complications, Alphapapillomavirus isolation & purification, Anus Neoplasms virology, HIV Infections complications, Papillomavirus Infections virology, Tumor Virus Infections virology, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms virology
- Abstract
Background: Chronic viral infections caused by highly contagious human papillomaviruses (HPVs) from the alpha genus are a substantial risk factor for tumour diseases., Objectives: The goal of this study was to compare the HPV infection pattern with histology in a patient group of immunocompromised HIV
+ and non-immunocompromised patients with anal intraepithelial neoplasia., Materials and Methods: Tissue samples (n = 210) from the anogenital area of 121 patients underwent retrospective histological and molecular examination for HPV DNA prevalence by chip analysis. The study was part of a cancer screening from the Dermatology Department of the LMU Munich, Germany. All data were collected and processed anonymously., Results: HPV 6 or 11 are more abundant in tissue samples from histologically diagnosed condylomata acuminata (47.7%) compared to grade 1, 2, and 3 intraepithelial neoplasias (IN 1-3). Detection of high-risk (hr) alpha-HPV DNA was significantly higher in tissue samples from IN 3 (67.5%) compared to IN 1 and 2 (12.9%), and compared to condylomata acuminata (29.5%). No HPV types were detected in histologically unremarkable tissue samples. There was a significant association between the prevalence of HPV 16 and the classifications IN 1 to IN 3 (χ2 (2) = 13.62, P = 0.001). We identified a significant correlation between the prevalence of high-risk and low-risk (lr) HPV types and HIV, especially mixed infections of different HPV types correlated with high-grade IN. Based on the present data, we suggest the risk of carcinoma in HIV+/- patients (RICH) score and test it in the 121 patients., Conclusions: hr alpha-HPVs, mainly HPV 16, are associated with increased oncogenic potential of premalignant lesions (IN 1-3), especially in HIV+ patients. Based on the combination of HIV/HPV-testing and histological analysis, we identified correlations that could potentially forecast the risk of malignant transformation and summarized them in the form of RICH score., (© 2019 The Authors. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.)- Published
- 2020
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6. Plasma and breast milk pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide in mothers with chronic hepatitis B infection.
- Author
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Lee MH
- Subjects
- Adenine therapeutic use, Alanine, Antiviral Agents pharmacokinetics, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Milk, Human, Mothers, Tenofovir analogs & derivatives, HIV Infections drug therapy, Hepatitis B, Chronic drug therapy
- Published
- 2022
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7. Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C infection amongst men who have sex with men in a population-based pre-exposure prophylaxis program in British Columbia, Canada.
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Thompson KA, Blank G, Toy J, Moore DM, Lachowsky N, Bacani N, Zhang W, Sereda P, Lima VD, Barrios R, Montaner JSG, and Hull MW
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- Adult, British Columbia epidemiology, Female, Hepacivirus, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Incidence, Male, Prevalence, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections prevention & control, Hepatitis C epidemiology, Hepatitis C prevention & control, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at risk for sexually-transmitted hepatitis C (HCV). Evidence for HCV infection in the context of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use in North America is limited. We sought to characterize baseline HCV prevalence and incidence in MSM receiving PrEP in British Columbia (BC), Canada., Methods: We followed individuals in the BC PrEP program from January 2018 to August 2019. We evaluated baseline prevalence and incident seroconversions (newly positive HCV antibody). A multivariable logistic regression model was performed in MSM for factors associated with HCV prevalence at enrollment, including reported prior sexually transmitted infection (STI), HIV Incidence Risk Index for MSM score, PrEP use because of a partner living with HIV, and location of residence., Results: The median age of the cohort was 33 years, 98.3% male, with 3058 person years (PY) of follow-up. Baseline HCV prevalence was 0.82% (31/3907 MSM enrollees) and HCV incidence (n = 3) was 0.15 per 100 PY (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03-0.45). In multivariable analysis, initiating PrEP because of a partner living with HIV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.02; 95% CI 1.87-13.47) and prior STI (aOR 2.34; 95% CI 1.04-5.24) were associated with positive HCV status., Conclusions: Baseline HCV prevalence and incidence was low amongst MSM in a population-based PrEP program in BC, Canada. HCV was associated with bridging from populations living with HIV and evidence of a reported prior STI as a PrEP indicator condition amongst MSM. PrEP initiation may be an opportunity for linkage to HCV screening and treatment., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S . Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
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8. Recent sexual violence exposure is associated with immune biomarkers of HIV susceptibility in women.
- Author
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Aldous AM, Joy C, Daniels J, Jais M, Simmens SJ, Magnus M, Roberts A, Connors K, Capozzi B, Mohamed H, Juzumaite M, Devore H, Moriarty T, Hatch Schultz C, Zumer M, Simon G, and Ghosh M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Biomarkers blood, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Young Adult, Disease Susceptibility immunology, HIV Infections immunology, Sex Offenses
- Abstract
Problem: HIV/AIDS and sexual violence act synergistically and compromise women's health. Yet, immuno-biological mechanisms linking sexual violence and increased HIV susceptibility are poorly understood., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study of HIV-uninfected women, comparing 13 women exposed to forced vaginal penetration within the past 12 weeks (Exposed) with 25 Non-Exposed women. ELISA assays were conducted for 49 biomarkers associated with HIV pathogenesis in plasma and cervicovaginal lavage (CVL). Differences between Exposed and Non-Exposed were analyzed by linear and logistic regression, using propensity score weighting to control for age, race, socioeconomic status, menstrual cycle, and contraceptive use., Results: In CVL, Exposed women had significantly reduced chemokines MIP-3α (p < .01), MCP-1 (p < .01), and anti-HIV/wound-healing thrombospondin-1 (p = .03). They also had significantly increased inflammatory cytokine IL-1α (p < 0.01) and were more likely to have detectable wound-healing PDGF (p = .02). In plasma, Exposed women had reduced chemokines MIP-3α (p < .01) and IL-8 (p < .01), anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β (p = .02), anti-HIV/antimicrobial HBD-2 (p = .02), and wound-healing MMP-1 (p = 0.02). They also had increased thrombospondin-1 (p < .01) and Cathepsin B (p = .01). After applying the stringent method of false discovery rate adjustment, differences for IL-1α (p = .05) and MCP-1 (p = .03) in CVL and MIP-3α (p = .03) in plasma remained significant., Conclusions: We report systemic and mucosal immune dysregulation in women exposed to sexual violence. As these biomarkers have been associated with HIV pathogenesis, dysregulation may increase HIV susceptibility., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2021
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9. Large transmission cluster of acute hepatitis C identified among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Bangkok, Thailand.
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Han WM, Colby DJ, Khlaiphuengsin A, Apornpong T, Kerr SJ, Ubolyam S, Kroon E, Phanuphak N, Vasan S, Matthews GV, Avihingsanon A, Ruxrungtham K, Phanuphak P, and Tangkijvanich P
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- Antiviral Agents, Hepacivirus genetics, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Male, Phylogeny, Risk Factors, Thailand epidemiology, HIV Infections complications, HIV Infections epidemiology, Hepatitis C diagnosis, Hepatitis C epidemiology, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Sexual and Gender Minorities
- Abstract
A rapidly emerging and highly concentrated hepatitis C virus (HCV) outbreak has recently been observed among both acute and chronic HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Bangkok, Thailand. NS5B regions of the HCV genome were amplified using nested PCR and sequenced. Phylogenetic inference was constructed by Maximum Likelihood methods and clusters were identified with support and genetic distance thresholds of 85% and of 4.5%. Forty-eight (25 acute HIV and 23 chronic HIV) MSM with incident HCV infection were included in the analysis. HCV genotype (GT) was 85% GT 1a and 15% GT 3a or 3b. Median age at HCV diagnosis was 34 (interquartile range, 28-41) years. 83.3% (40/48) had history of syphilis infection and 36% (16/44) reported crystal methamphetamine use. Only 2 (4%) reported ever injecting drugs, both crystal methamphetamine. In the phylogenetic clustering analysis, 83% belonged to one of two clusters: one large (75%) and one small (8%) cluster. All clusters were GT 1a. MSM with acute HIV infection were more likely to be in a cluster (92%) than those with chronic infection (74%). HCV screening should be regularly performed for MSM in ART clinics, and offering direct-acting antiviral agents to all MSM with HCV infection might contain the HCV epidemic from expanding further., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2020
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10. Computerized testing augments pencil-and-paper tasks in measuring HIV-associated mild cognitive impairment.
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Koski, L., Brouillette, M.-J., Lalonde, R., Hello, B., Wong, E., Tsuchida, A., and Fellows, L. K.
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COGNITION disorders diagnosis , *DIAGNOSIS of dementia , *MEDICAL care , *MEDICAL needs assessment , *ANALYSIS of variance , *COGNITIVE testing , *DEMOGRAPHY , *EDUCATION , *HIV infections , *HIV-positive persons , *SIMULATION methods in medical education , *NEUROLOGIC examination , *PATIENTS , *DATA analysis , *ACQUISITION of data , *COMPUTER software - Abstract
Background Existing tools for rapid cognitive assessment in HIV-positive individuals with mild cognitive deficits lack sensitivity or do not meet psychometric requirements for tracking changes in cognitive ability over time. Methods Seventy-five nondemented HIV-positive patients were evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a brief battery of standardized neuropsychological tests, and computerized tasks evaluating frontal-executive function and processing speed. Rasch analyses were applied to the MoCA data set and subsequently to the full set of data from all tests. Results The MoCA was found to adequately measure cognitive ability as a single, global construct in this HIV-positive cohort, although it showed poorer precision for measuring patients of higher ability. Combining the additional tests with the MoCA resulted in a battery with better psychometric properties that also better targeted the range of abilities in this cohort. Conclusion This application of modern test development techniques shows a path towards a quick, quantitative, global approach to cognitive assessment with promise both for initial detection and for longitudinal follow-up of cognitive impairment in patients with HIV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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11. INVITED PAPER Health Policy African countries propose a regional oral health strategy: The Dakar Report from 1998.
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Myburgh, NG, Hobdell, MH, and Lalloo, R
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HIV infections , *PERIODONTAL disease , *INFORMATION resources management , *ORAL hygiene , *TISSUE engineering , *EPIDEMIOLOGY - Abstract
It is clear that the African region faces a number of serious oral diseases, either because of their high prevalence or because of the severe tissue damage or death that can occur. Previous approaches to oral health in Africa have failed to recognise the epidemiological priorities of the region or to identify reliable and appropriate strategies to assess them. Efforts have consisted of an unplanned, ad hoc and spasmodic evolution of curative oral health services. This document focuses on the most severe oral problems that people have to live with like noma, oral cancer and the oral consequences of HIV/AIDS infection. It proposes a strategy for assisting member states and partners to identify priorities and interventions at various levels of the health system, particularly at the district level. The strategy aims at strengthening the capacity of countries to improve community oral health by effectively using proven interventions to address specific oral health needs. The strategy identifies five main ‘programmatic areas’, including (i) the development of national oral health strategies and implementation plans, (ii) integration of oral health in other programmes, (iii) delivery of effective and safe oral health services, (iv) regional approach to education and training for oral health, and (v) development of effective oral health management information systems. Many of the programmatic areas share similar characteristics described as a ‘strategic orientation’. These strategic orientations give effect to the concepts of advocacy, equity, quality, partnership, operational research, communication and capacity building. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa (RC) is invited to review the proposed oral health strategy for the African region for the period 1999–2008 and provide an orientation for the improvement of oral health in member states in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
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12. Key data from AIDS 2022.
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Owen, Rhiannon, Maan, Irfaan, and Waters, Laura
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HIV infection epidemiology ,PREVENTION of sexually transmitted diseases ,HIV prevention ,HIV infections ,ANTIRETROVIRAL agents ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,PRE-exposure prophylaxis ,AIDS ,VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases) ,PREGNANCY - Abstract
We report on the highlights ofthe 24th International AIDS Conference, held in Montreal in 2022. We address three main themes: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets and cascades, HIV and sexually transmitted infection prophylaxis, and HIV treatment, including the use of antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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13. Oral manifestations of HIV infection: a Panamerican perspective.
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Gillespie GM and Mariño R
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Americas epidemiology, Candidiasis, Oral epidemiology, Candidiasis, Oral etiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, HIV Infections epidemiology, Health Planning Guidelines, Homosexuality, Humans, Infant, Latin America epidemiology, Leukoplakia, Oral epidemiology, Leukoplakia, Oral etiology, Male, Middle Aged, Mouth Neoplasms epidemiology, Mouth Neoplasms etiology, Periodontitis epidemiology, Periodontitis etiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sarcoma, Kaposi epidemiology, Sarcoma, Kaposi etiology, Stomatitis, Herpetic epidemiology, Stomatitis, Herpetic etiology, Substance Abuse, Intravenous complications, Ulcer epidemiology, Ulcer etiology, Xerostomia epidemiology, Xerostomia etiology, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections complications, Mouth Diseases epidemiology, Mouth Diseases etiology
- Abstract
This paper presents a preliminary approach to the study of the oral manifestations of HIV infections in the region of the Americans. A general description of the lesions encountered is provided together with a review of the prevalence of the different manifestations in some countries of the Americas. Oral candidiasis was the most common oral lesion identified. Among oral candidiasis lesions differences were noted in relation to the frequency of the clinical forms seen. Hairy leukoplakia was the second most frequent lesion in almost all studies, with the exception the Peruvian study, where the most prevalent oral condition was xerostomia. The numbers of cases of HIV-gingivitis and HIV-periodontitis found in the countries of the Americas were lower than the cases in USA. Other oral manifestations of HIV infections seen were: Kaposi's sarcoma, oral erythema, labial herpetic infection. It is concluded that still more studies are needed, oral health professionals need additional training in the detection and treatment of lesions, and information needs to be systematized and standardized such that it is possible to make accurate comparisons among regions and countries. Recommendations are included to improve this situation.
- Published
- 1993
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14. Factors associated with lack of care engagement among older, rural‐dwelling adults living with HIV in the United States.
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Petroll, Andrew E., Quinn, Katherine G., John, Steven A., Nigogosyan, Zack, and Walsh, Jennifer L.
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HIV infections ,REMOTE access networks ,HEALTH services accessibility ,SOCIAL support ,CROSS-sectional method ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,INTERNET ,RACE ,SOCIAL isolation ,RESEARCH funding ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,LONELINESS ,QUALITY of life ,RURAL health ,PSYCHOLOGY of HIV-positive persons ,RURAL population ,MENTAL health services ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
Purpose: Most people living with HIV (PLH) in the United States are over age 50 and this sector of PLH continues to grow. Aging with HIV can be challenging due to comorbid medical conditions, mental health disorders, substance use, and lack of social and practical support. Additional challenges are faced by older PLH living in the rural United States, such as longer distances to health care, concerns over privacy and stigma, and social isolation. PLH in rural areas have higher mortality rates than urban PLH. We aimed to understand factors associated with HIV care engagement and quality of life in rural US adults over age 50. Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional study to evaluate the association between patient‐level factors and a combined outcome variable encompassing multiple aspects of care engagement. Findings: Either online or on paper, 446 participants completed our survey. One‐third of the participants (33%) were from the southern United States; one‐third were women; one‐third were non‐White; and 24% completed the survey on paper. In multiple regression analysis, lower income, residing in the southern United States, lacking internet access at home, not having an HIV specialist provider, higher levels of stress, living alone, and longer distance to an HIV provider were all associated with lower engagement in HIV care. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated multiple potential options for interventions that could improve care engagement, such as providing and enhancing access to technology for health care engagement and remotely delivering social support and mental health services. Research on such potential interventions is needed for older, rural PLH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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15. Factors associated with pyomyositis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis.
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Ngor, Chamnab, Hall, Lisa, Dean, Judith A., and Gilks, Charles F.
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HIV infections ,NEGLECTED diseases ,BACTERIAL diseases ,STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus ,HIGH-income countries - Abstract
Objectives: Pyomyositis, an acute bacterial infection of skeletal muscle usually resulting in abscess formation, is well recognised in tropical regions where it can account for up to 4% of adult surgical admissions. It is increasingly being reported from high‐income temperate countries. Pyomyositis occurs across all ages and in both sexes. Mortality ranges from 1% to 23%. Many risk factors have been suggested. We aimed to identify factors associated with pyomyositis. Methods: We undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis, using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and the Cochran Library and hand‐searching published papers. The random‐effects model meta‐analysis was used to calculate pooled estimated odd ratios with the corresponding 95% confidence interval. Results: All studies in the systematic review (n = 25) and the meta‐analysis (n = 12) were hospital‐based. Seven only included children. Relatively few studies have been published in the last decade, the majority of which are from high‐income temperate settings. Staphylococcus aureus was the main organism isolated. Males under the age of 20 predominated, and mortality of up to 20% was reported. Factors associated with pyomyositis were HIV infection (OR = 4.82; 95% CI: 1.67–13.92) and fulfilling an AIDS surveillance definition (OR = 6.08; 95% CI: 2.79–13.23). Conclusions: Our meta‐analysis indicated significant associations between pyomyositis infection and HIV/AIDS. Major gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and outcome remain, highlighting the need for further research and more systematic studies. Pyomyositis merits consideration as a neglected tropical disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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16. HIV‐sensitive social protection for vulnerable young women in East and Southern Africa: a systematic review.
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van der Wal, Ran, Loutfi, David, Hong, Quan Nha, Vedel, Isabelle, Cockcroft, Anne, Johri, Mira, and Andersson, Neil
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YOUNG women ,BUSINESS skills ,JOB skills ,LIFE skills ,HIV infections - Abstract
Introduction: Social protection programmes are considered HIV‐sensitive when addressing risk, vulnerability or impact of HIV infection. Socio‐economic interventions, like livelihood and employability programmes, address HIV vulnerabilities like poverty and gender inequality. We explored the HIV‐sensitivity of socio‐economic interventions for unemployed and out‐of‐school young women aged 15 to 30 years, in East and Southern Africa, a key population for HIV infection. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using a narrative synthesis method and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for quality appraisal. Interventions of interest were work skills training, microfinance, and employment support. Outcomes of interest were socio‐economic outcomes (income, assets, savings, skills, (self‐) employment) and HIV‐related outcomes (behavioural and biological). We searched published and grey literature (January 2005 to November 2019; English/French) in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and websites of relevant international organizations. Results: We screened 3870 titles and abstracts and 188 full‐text papers to retain 18 papers, representing 12 projects. Projects offered different combinations of HIV‐sensitive social protection programmes, complemented with mentors, safe space and training (HIV, reproductive health and gender training). All 12 projects offered work skills training to improve life and business skills. Six offered formal (n = 2) or informal (n = 5) livelihood training. Eleven projects offered microfinance, including microgrants (n = 7), microcredit (n = 6) and savings (n = 4). One project offered employment support in the form of apprenticeships. In general, microgrants, savings, business and life skills contributed improved socio‐economic and HIV‐related outcomes. Most livelihood training contributed positive socio‐economic outcomes, but only two projects showed improved HIV‐related outcomes. Microcredit contributed little to either outcome. Programmes were effective when (i) sensitive to beneficiaries' age, needs, interests and economic vulnerability; (ii) adapted to local implementation contexts; and (iii) included life skills. Programme delivery through mentorship and safe space increased social capital and may be critical to improve the HIV‐sensitivity of socio‐economic programmes. Conclusions: A wide variety of livelihood and employability programmes were leveraged to achieve improved socio‐economic and HIV‐related outcomes among unemployed and out‐of‐school young women. To be HIV‐sensitive, programmes should be designed around their interests, needs and vulnerability, adapted to local implementation contexts, and include life skills. Employment support received little attention in this literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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17. Mathematical analysis of stability and Hopf bifurcation in a delayed HIV infection model with saturated immune response.
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Hu, Zihao, Yang, Junxian, Li, Qiang, Liang, Song, and Fan, Dongmei
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HOPF bifurcations , *CYTOTOXIC T cells , *HIV infections , *MATHEMATICAL analysis , *IMMUNE response , *HIV - Abstract
This paper explores the dynamics analysis of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) model with saturated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune response and Beddington–DeAngelis infection rate. There are two time delays in the model to describe the time needed for infection of cell and CTL immune response generation, respectively. We obtain two thresholds and three possible equilibria from the model. By analyzing the corresponding characteristic equations, we study the stabilities of equilibrium and the effect of delays on CTL immune response. The results indicate that when immune delay is present, the steady state of equilibrium is disrupted and leads to a Hopf bifurcation. Finally, we use sensitivity analyses to show the effect of parameters on thresholds and numerical simulations to illustrate the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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18. Factors associated with sharing equipment among people who inject drugs: The role of community attachment in harm reduction and health promotion.
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Broady TR, Brener L, Caruana T, Cama E, and Treloar C
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- Humans, Harm Reduction, Health Promotion, Needle Sharing, Risk-Taking, Substance Abuse, Intravenous epidemiology, Substance Abuse, Intravenous complications, Drug Users, Substance-Related Disorders complications, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections prevention & control, HIV Infections complications
- Abstract
Introduction: Sharing injecting equipment is a major route of transmission for blood borne viruses such as hepatitis C and HIV. Although needle and syringe programs are widely available throughout metropolitan Australia, rates of sharing equipment have not significantly changed in recent years. This study aimed to identify factors associated with recent equipment sharing among people who inject drugs in Australia., Methods: A paper-based survey was distributed via peer-based organisations between June and November 2018 and was completed by 603 participants. Survey questions addressed recent injecting experiences, equipment sharing, community attachment, stigma and wellbeing. Participants who had recently shared injecting equipment were compared with those who had not shared any equipment using multivariable logistic regression., Results: Recent equipment sharing was associated with recent heroin use, experiencing any past-year stigma related to injecting drug use, and higher levels of attachment to a community of people who inject drugs. An interaction effect showed increased community attachment was associated with increased odds of sharing equipment among young participants, but with decreased odds of sharing equipment among older participants., Discussion and Conclusions: Community networks of people who inject drugs can play important roles in harm reduction initiatives. While being connected with a community of people who inject drugs increased the odds of sharing injecting equipment, this community connection also increases opportunities for social support, sharing information and mitigating the negative effects of stigma. Collaboratively and meaningfully engaging with communities of people who inject drugs has the potential to increase the reach and effectiveness of health promotion services., (© 2023 The Authors. Drug and Alcohol Review published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.)
- Published
- 2023
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19. Response to "On the risk of using raw regional data on new HIV infections in France" by Tassi et al.
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Wang, Haoyi, Molina, Jean‐Michel, Dray‐Spira, Rosemary, Schmidt, Axel J., Hickson, Ford, Vijver, David van de, and Jonas, Kai J.
- Subjects
HIV infections - Abstract
This document is a response to a letter submitted by Tassi et al. regarding a recent paper on the uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in France. The authors address concerns raised by Tassi et al. about the use of unadjusted regional data on new HIV infections and the limitations of self-reported survey-based data. They acknowledge the limitations of their approach and caution against interpreting the results as potential underestimations. The authors also discuss the potential for future research using clinical and insurance data to improve data quality. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
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20. Delayed nonmonotonic immune response in HIV infection system.
- Author
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Shanshan Wang and Shaoli Wang
- Subjects
- *
HIV infections , *IMMUNE response , *HOPF bifurcations , *IMMUNE system - Abstract
In this paper, we study a delayed HIV infection model with nonmonotonic immune response and perform stability and bifurcation analysis. Our results show that the delayed HIV infection system with nonmonotonic immune response has bistability and stable periodic solution appear. We find that both the uninfected and immune-free equilibria are globally asymptotically stable under certain conditions which are not affected by time delay. However, the time delay makes one immune equilibrium always unstable for τ ≥ 0 and also makes another immune equilibrium appear stability switches; meanwhile, the system will exhibit local Hopf bifurcation, global Hopf bifurcation, and saddle-node-Hopf bifurcation. Numerical simulations are carried out to verify our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
21. Stigma respecified: Investigating HIV stigma as an interactional phenomenon.
- Author
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Hutchinson P
- Subjects
- Humans, Shame, Social Stigma, HIV Infections
- Abstract
In this paper, I discuss stigma, understood as a category which includes acknowledged, enacted degradation, discreditation and discrimination. My discussion begins with an analysis of HIV stigma, as discussed in a social media post on Twitter. I then analyse a fictionalized clinical stigma scenario. These two analyses are undertaken to highlight aspects of the conceptual anatomy and interactional dynamics of stigma and by extension shame. Brief social media declarations and short, fictionalized clinical interactions are rich with information which helps us understand how stigma-degradation, discreditation and discrimination-is operationalized in interaction., (© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
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22. Comparison of clinical manifestations in mpox patients living with HIV versus without HIV: A systematic review and meta‐analysis.
- Author
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Shin, Hyoin, Shin, Heeje, Rahmati, Masoud, Koyanagi, Ai, Jacob, Louis, Smith, Lee, Rhee, Sang Youl, Kwon, Rosie, Kim, Min Seo, Kim, Sunyoung, Il Shin, Jae, Min, Chanyang, Cho, Wonyoung, and Yon, Dong Keon
- Subjects
MONKEYPOX ,SYMPTOMS ,COUGH ,SYPHILIS ,RANDOM effects model ,HIV-positive persons ,HIV infections - Abstract
Currently, many cases of mpox patients living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been reported. Immunocompromised mpox patients, including those living with HIV are noted for an increased risk for severe symptoms; however, existing studies did not focus on the statistical comparison of mpox outcomes associated with HIV. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate and compare the clinical manifestations of mpox in people living with HIV (PLWH) and people without HIV. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched up to March 7, 2023. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence along with the 95% confidence intervals (CI), and the odds ratio and its corresponding 95% CIs were calculated to elucidate the significance of each clinical feature for mpox patients with and without HIV. In this study, we included 99 published papers with 2413 patients with mpox (median age, 35.5 years; PLWH n = 1151) from 27 countries across six continents. The odds ratio of the mpox outcomes with PLWH in comparison to patients without HIV was found to be significant for skin rash (1.24, 95% CI: 1.01–1.53), proctitis (2.03, 95% CI: 1.36–3.04), cough (0.57, 95% CI: 0.33–0.98), and diarrhea (3.85, 95% CI: 1.24–11.98). The odds ratio of mpox patients with HIV for historical infections of syphilis was 2.14 (95% CI: 1.38–3.32), compared with those without HIV. This is the first international and comprehensive study that performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to statistically measure mpox manifestations according to HIV status. As clinical features related to mucosal contact were characteristically pronounced in PLWH, our systematic review provides insight that the primary invasion site of infection strongly relates to the outcomes of mpox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
23. Integrating HIV and substance use services: a systematic review.
- Author
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Haldane, Victoria, Cervero-Liceras, Francisco, Chuah, Fiona L. H., Suan Ee Ong, Murphy, Georgina, Sigfrid, Louise, Watt, Nicola, Balabanova, Dina, Sue Hogarth, Maimaris, Will, Buse, Kent, Piot, Peter, McKee, Martin, Perel, Pablo, and Legido-Quigley, Helena
- Subjects
HIV ,HIV infections ,THERAPEUTICS ,HIV protease inhibitors ,SUBSTANCE-induced disorders ,HOLISTIC medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Substance use is an important risk factor for HIV, with both concentrated in certain vulnerable and marginalized populations. Although their management differs, there may be opportunities to integrate services for substance use and HIV. In this paper we systematically review evidence from studies that sought to integrate care for people living with HIV and substance use problems. Methods: Studies were included if they evaluated service integration for substance use and HIV. We searched multiple databases from inception until October 2015. Articles were screened independently by two reviewers and assessed for risk of bias. Results and discussion: 11,057 records were identified, with 7616 after removal of duplicates. After screening titles and abstracts, 51 met the inclusion criteria. Integration models were categorized by location (HIV, substance use and other facilities), level of integration from mirco (integrated care delivered to individuals) to macro (system level integrations) and degree of integration from least (screening and counselling only) to most (care for HIV, substance use and/or other illnesses at the same facility). Most reported descriptive or cohort studies; in four randomized control trials integrated activities improved patient outcomes. There is potential for integrating services at all facility types, including mobile health services. While services offering screening only can achieve synergies, there are benefits from delivering integrated treatment for HIV and substance use, including ease of referral to other mental health and social services. Conclusions: Our review used a wide range of databases and conference archives to increase representation of papers from low- and middle-income countries. Limitations include the overrepresentation of studies from the United States, and the descriptive nature of the majority of papers. The evidence reviewed shows that greater integration offers important benefits in both patient and service outcomes but further research and outcome reporting is needed to better understand innovative and holistic care models at the complex intersection of substance use and HIV services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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24. Review of antiretroviral therapy coverage in 10 highest burden HIV countries in Africa: 2015–2020.
- Author
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Babatunde, Abdulhammed O., Akin‐Ajani, Oluwawapelumi D., Abdullateef, Ridwanullah O., Togunwa, Taofeeq O., and Isah, Haroun O.
- Subjects
ANTIRETROVIRAL agents ,HIV ,HIV infections ,AIDS treatment ,MOBILE health - Abstract
Africa is responsible for two‐thirds of the global total of new HIV infections. South Africa, Nigeria, Mozambique, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Malawi, and Ethiopia were responsible for 80% of HIV cases in Africa in 2014 according to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). This study assesses antiretroviral coverage strategies implemented by these countries after the initiation of the "Fast‐Track strategy to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030." Data reported in this review were obtained from different e‐bibliographic including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate. Key terms were "Antiretroviral therapy," "Antiretroviral treatment," "HIV treatment," "HIV medication," "HIV/AIDS therapy," "HIV/AIDS treatment" + each of the countries listed earlier. We also extracted data on antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage from the UNAIDS database. About 50 papers published from 2015 to 2021 met the inclusion criteria. All 10 countries have experienced an increase in ART coverage from 2015 to 2020 with an average of 47.6% increment. Nigeria recorded the highest increase in the rate of ART coverage (72% increase) while Ethiopia had the least (30%). New strategies adopted to increase ART coverage and retention in most countries were community‐based models and the use of mobile health technology rather than clinic‐based. These strategies focus on promoting task shifting, door‐to‐door access to HIV services, and a long‐term supply of antiretroviral medications. Most of these strategies are still in the piloting stage. However, some new strategies and frameworks have been adopted nationwide in countries like Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, and Malawi. Identified challenges include lack of funding, inadequate testing and surveillance services, poor digital penetration, and cultural/religious beliefs. The adoption of community‐based and digital health strategies could have contributed to increased ART coverage and retention. African countries should facilitate nationwide scaling of ART coverage strategies to attain the 95–95–95 goal by 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
25. Detection of Polish cases of highly virulent subtype B of HIV‐1 originating in the Netherlands.
- Author
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Serwin, Karol, Scheibe, Kaja, Horecki, Marcin, Aksak‐Wąs, Bogusz, Jasik, Monika Bociąga, and Parczewski, Miłosz
- Subjects
HIV infections ,HIV ,REVERSE transcriptase ,VIRAL load - Abstract
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) subtype B is most commonly acquired in Poland through men who have sex with men (MSM) comparable to the HIV epidemic in the Netherlands. Following a paper by Chris Wymant et al. on February 4, 2022 in Science on a highly virulent variant of HIV‐1 subtype‐B (VB‐variant) in the Netherlands raised concerns about the possibility of the variant dissemination to other European countries. We aim to report the spread of HIV‐1 VB‐variant, recently identified in the Netherlands, into other European regions. Subtype B pol gene fragments of protease (P), reverse transcriptase (RT), and integrase (IN) from our laboratory supplemented with publicly available sequences were inferred with VB samples from the Netherlands. For positively clustering samples, clinical observations were compiled. Between May 2009 and August 2014, three cases of VB sequences of Polish origin and one additional from Belgium were identified. Patients presented with elevated viral loads and fast CD4 decline as original characteristics. The mean number of base substitutions per site within the clade versus interclade variability showed a high intragroup sequence similarity, reflecting an ongoing MSM transmission cluster for Polish sequences. The sampling period coincides with the ongoing Dutch VB‐variant spread reported between 2003 and 2014. This study informs on phylogenetic descriptions, and clinical symptoms from the rare and emerging VBs placed in Poland. VB is not expanding since 2014 and the Inviduals infected with the VB virus can be treated successfully. Studies on the propagation of novel and potentially virulent virus variants in the undersampled regions add to the understanding of the pan‐European HIV‐1 transmission dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
26. Platform encounters: A study of digitised patient follow‐up in HIV care.
- Author
-
Marent, Benjamin and Henwood, Flis
- Subjects
HIV infections ,SOCIOLOGY ,PHYSICIAN-patient relations ,INTERVIEWING ,PATIENTS ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,RESEARCH funding ,PHYSICIANS ,SOCIAL skills ,TELEMEDICINE - Abstract
Digital technologies are increasingly embedded in clinical encounters, reconfiguring the basis on which health care is delivered. Thereby, the delivery of care shifts from territorial locations in clinics and temporal modes of co‐presence towards digital platforms. Drawing on a sociotechnical evaluation of digitised patient follow‐up in HIV care, this paper argues that the forms of interactivity practised in platform encounters cannot be adequately understood through traditional interaction frameworks such as Erving Goffman's interaction order. To conceptualise the new informational space and temporal mode of 'response presence' within which platform encounters are conducted, the paper draws on theoretical advances made by Karin Knorr Cetina who further developed Goffman's interaction order to describe interactions augmented by 'scopic media'. A comprehensive framework is presented to elaborate the distinct qualities of interactions occurring in face‐to‐face, tele‐interaction and platform encounters and to analyse their affordances based on doctor and patient experiences. This framework is intended to stimulate further research on how new interactional forms between doctors and patients will reconfigure roles and responsibilities as well as wider structures of digital society. Furthermore, it can also support practical guidance of when and how different forms of clinical encounters may be integrated in care pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
27. Dynamics and optimal control of a spatial diffusion HIV/AIDS model with antiretrovial therapy and pre‐exposure prophylaxis treatments.
- Author
-
Wang, Liping, Din, Anwarud, and Wu, Peng
- Subjects
HIV infection transmission ,HIV infections ,PRE-exposure prophylaxis ,AIDS ,BASIC reproduction number ,GLOBAL asymptotic stability ,DIFFUSION control - Abstract
In this paper, to investigate the synthetic effect of PrEP (pre‐exposure prophylaxis) and ART (antiretrovial therapy) on HIV transmission among MSM (men who have sex with men) in heterogenous environment, a realistic HIV epidemic model with spatial diffusion is established. Here, HIV infectious people are divided into three immunity based compartments, that is, CD4+ T cell count less than 350, between 350 and 500, and more than 500, respectively. The basic reproduction number R0 is established and proved as a threshold parameter: The global asymptotic stability of the disease‐free steady state holds for R0<1, and the disease will be present if R0>1. Considering the substantial advantages of PrEP and ART in controlling HIV transmissions among MSM, the optimal control problem is presented for the case of positive constant diffusion coefficients, which minimize the total population of susceptible individual and HIV infected individual, the cost of PrEP and ART therapy. As an illustration of our theoretical results, we conduct numerical simulations. We also conduct an optimal control case study where model parameters are estimated from the demographic and epidemiological data from China. This work suggests the following: (1) Spatial factors cannot be ignored during the HIV intervention; (2)taking the PrEP intervention measure for HIV transmissions among MSM as early as possible will help to improve the control efficiency and reduces its cost; (3) reducing the PrEP drug costs will promote the efficiency of PrEP treatment in preventing the spread of HIV among MSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
28. Making the Case for Joint Decision‐Making in Future Multipurpose Prevention Technology (MPT) Choice: Qualitative Findings on MPT Attribute Preferences from the CUPID Study (MTN‐045).
- Author
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Bhushan, Nivedita L., Musara, Petina, Hartmann, Miriam, Stoner, Marie C. D., Shah, Shweta R., Nabukeera, Josephine, Rukundo, Ivan, Mutero, Prisca, Lewis, Megan A., Piper, Jeanna, Shapley‐Quinn, Mary Kate, Etima, Juliane, and Minnis, Alexandra M.
- Subjects
UNPLANNED pregnancy ,DECISION making ,SEXUAL excitement ,HIV infections ,PRODUCT attributes - Abstract
Introduction: Young women in sub‐Saharan Africa account for two‐thirds of all new HIV infections and face high rates of unintended pregnancy. Multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) are promising products under development that are designed to simultaneously prevent HIV and unintended pregnancy. Since MPTs will be used in the context of sexual relationships, ensuring acceptability and use requires understanding the role of male partners in MPT use decision‐making. Methods: This paper draws on qualitative data from 39 couples enrolled in the Microbicide Trials Network (MTN) 045 study, conducted in 2019–2020. Partners completed a discrete choice experiment (DCE), first separately and then jointly, to measure preferences for future MPT attributes and then completed a qualitative interview. We also draw on quantitative data from interviewer observation about who dominated the decision‐making process during the joint DCE. Content analysis was used to examine (1) how couples made decisions on existing non‐MPT HIV and pregnancy prevention products; (2) how couples made decisions on future ideal‐MPT product during the DCE; and (3) how these decision‐making processes varied by decision‐making dominance (10 male, 10 female and 19 equal) and interview type (19 joint and 20 separate). Results: Existing non‐MPT product decisions focused on trust between partners and product attributes, while future ideal‐MPT product decisions exclusively focused on product attributes. Across existing and future products, preferences for product attributes varied by gender. Male partners were most concerned with limiting side effects impacting sexual pleasure, female partners were most concerned with limiting side effects causing physical symptoms and both were concerned with the return to fertility. Across all dominance and interview types, couples reported making decisions together and female partners were often able to negotiate with male partners for their preferred product or set of product attributes. Conclusions: Research activities in this study provided an opportunity for couples to openly present their product attribute preferences to their partner, learn about their partner's attribute preferences, negotiate for their ideal set of attributes and ultimately choose attributes that benefited the couple without disempowering the female partner. Future research should focus on the utility of couple‐based decision‐making aids or similar tools for facilitating joint MPT decision‐making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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29. Erratum to "Editorial: Announcing the winner of the John J. Sciarra IJGO Prize Paper Award for 2017" [Int J Gynecol Obstet 141(2018) 277-279].
- Author
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Adanu, Richard
- Subjects
- *
MEDICAL research awards , *OBSTETRICAL research , *HIV infections - Published
- 2018
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30. Medically assisted reproduction for people living with HIV in Europe: A cross‐country exploratory policy comparison.
- Author
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Andersen, Megan H., Alexander, Madison T., Bintz, Corinne, Ford, Colin, Mitchem, Mallorie, Pham, Alice, Silverman, Lily, and Irwin, Rachel
- Subjects
INFERTILITY treatment ,HIV infections ,HEALTH services accessibility ,INTERVIEWING ,MEDICAL care costs ,HUMAN reproductive technology ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,HEALTH attitudes - Abstract
Objective: To explore the availability and accessibility of medically assisted reproduction (MAR) for people living with HIV in Europe, including the feasibility of cross‐border care. Methods: We used a polymorphous engagement approach, primarily based on digital and email‐based interviews with representatives of national HIV organizations, clinical researchers (infectious disease and/or infertility specialists), European and national professional societies (fertility and/or infectious disease), national regulatory authorities and individual clinics in 14 countries in the WHO European region. The research design and results were also informed by two surveys and a review of the secondary literature, news articles and clinic websites. Results: Although MAR is possible for people living with HIV in 12 out of the 14 countries mapped, accessing services can be challenging for logistical or financial reasons. People living with HIV also face barriers to MAR independent of their HIV status, such as limitations on single women and same‐sex couples accessing services. Cross‐border care is available for most patients who are self‐financing but is limited for publicly funded patients. Conclusions: Even when MAR is available to and accessible for people living with HIV, there may still be barriers to treatment. Further research on patient experiences is needed to understand these discrepancies between availability and accessibility on paper and in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Human immunodeficiency virus-positive women's perspectives on breastfeeding with antiretrovirals: A qualitative evidence synthesis.
- Author
-
Li KMC, Li KYC, Bick D, and Chang YS
- Subjects
- Breast Feeding, Female, HIV, Humans, Infant, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical prevention & control, Pregnancy, HIV Infections drug therapy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious drug therapy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious prevention & control
- Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women can breastfeed with minimal risk of mother-to-child transmission if taking antiretrovirals. Guidelines surrounding infant feeding for HIV-positive women have evolved several times over the last two decades. Our review aimed to explore perspectives of breastfeeding with antiretrovirals from HIV-positive women since the World Health Organization (2010) infant feeding and antiretroviral guidelines. HIV-positive pregnant and postnatal women from all countries/settings were eligible. HIV-positive women were either on an antiretroviral regimen at the time of the study, previously on an antiretroviral regimen, not initiated on a regimen yet, or enrolled in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) care. Quality assessment of all included studies were conducted. Four databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO) were searched for studies conducted from January 2010 to October 2020. Nine papers were included in the review, of which two presented findings from the same study. Five analytical themes were developed via thematic synthesis: (1) awareness of breastfeeding with antiretrovirals, (2) turmoil of emotions, (3) coping mechanisms, (4) the intertwining of secret, stigma and support and (5) support needed. Support from family and health care professionals and coping approaches were important to overcome stigma and the emotional challenges of breastfeeding with antiretrovirals. Health care professionals should be familiar with the most updated national and local guidance surrounding infant feeding and antiretrovirals. Further research into interventions to encourage HIV-positive women to adhere and commit to lifelong antiretroviral treatment (Option B+) for breastfeeding is required., (© 2021 The Authors. Maternal & Child Nutrition published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2021
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32. HIV models with non‐exponential probability distributed infection progression.
- Author
-
Wu, Peng
- Subjects
- *
DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) , *HIV infections , *GAMMA distributions , *PROBABILITY theory , *INFECTION , *HIV - Abstract
Existing HIV infection dynamics models are based on the classical target cell‐infected cell‐free virus compartment model. In fact, in order to facilitate modeling and dynamical analysis, these models assume that the probability of infected cells staying in different infection stages obeys an exponential distribution. However, this does not accurately describe the process of HIV infection from target cells to budding of virus, that is, fusion‐reverse transcription‐reproductivity formation‐budding process. Therefore, to expand the idea of HIV modeling, in this paper, we first establish the HIV integral‐differential equation model that obeys the general distribution, and then degenerate the model into a subclass ODEs model under the assumption of gamma distribution. Finally, an equivalent age structure model is given, and numerical simulations are conducted to describe the integral‐differential equations model. It is worth mentioning that ODEs models with subclasses can provide good numerical implementations for age structure as well as other PDEs HIV models. This is another important purpose of our work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
33. Who's slipping through the cracks? A comprehensive individual, clinical and health system characterization of people with virological failure on first‐line HIV treatment in Uganda and South Africa.
- Author
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Reynolds, Zahra, McCluskey, Suzanne M., Moosa, Mahomed Yunus S., Gilbert, Rebecca F., Pillay, Selvan, Aturinda, Isaac, Ard, Kevin L., Muyindike, Winnie, Musinguzi, Nicholas, Masette, Godfrey, Moodley, Pravi, Brijkumar, Jaysingh, Rautenberg, Tamlyn, George, Gavin, Johnson, Brent A., Gandhi, Rajesh T., Sunpath, Henry, Marconi, Vincent C., Bwana, Mwebesa Bosco, and Siedner, Mark J.
- Subjects
HIV infections ,ANTI-HIV agents ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ANTIRETROVIRAL agents ,DRUG resistance ,TREATMENT failure ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CD4 lymphocyte count ,DRUG resistance in microorganisms ,STATISTICAL models ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Objectives: HIV virological failure remains a major threat to programme success in sub‐Saharan Africa. While HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) and inadequate adherence are the main drivers of virological failure, the individual, clinical and health system characteristics that lead to poor outcomes are not well understood. The objective of this paper is to identify those characteristics among people failing first‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: We enrolled a cohort of adults in HIV care experiencing virological failure on first‐line ART at five sites and used standard statistical methods to characterize them with a focus on three domains: individual/demographic, clinical, and health system, and compared each by country of enrolment. Results: Of 840 participants, 51% were women, the median duration on ART was 3.2 years [interquartile range (IQR) 1.1, 6.4 years] and the median CD4 cell count prior to failure was 281 cells/µL (IQR 121, 457 cells/µL). More than half of participants [53%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 49–56%] stated that they had > 90% adherence and 75% (95% CI 72–77%) took their ART on time all or most of the time. Conversely, the vast majority (90%; 95% CI 86–92%) with a completed genotypic drug resistance test had any HIV drug resistance. This population had high health system use, reporting a median of 3 (IQR 2.6) health care visits and a median of 1 (IQR 1.1) hospitalization in the preceding 6 months. Conclusions: Patients failing first‐line ART in sub‐Saharan Africa generally report high rates of adherence to ART, have extremely high rates of HIV drug resistance and utilize significant health care resources. Health systems interventions to promptly detect and manage treatment failure will be a prerequisite to establishing control of the HIV epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Writing for digital news about HIV criminalization in canada.
- Subjects
HIV infections ,SEXUALLY transmitted diseases ,SOCIAL justice ,HUMAN rights ,JOURNALISM - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Review of Sociology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
35. The impact of nonlinear perturbation to the dynamics of HIV model.
- Author
-
Shi, Zhenfeng, Jiang, Daqing, Shi, Ningzhong, Hayat, Tasawar, and Alsaedi, Ahmed
- Subjects
HIV infections ,HIV ,LYAPUNOV functions ,STOCHASTIC models ,COMPUTER simulation - Abstract
In this paper, we developed and studied a stochastic HIV model with nonlinear perturbation. Through a rigorous analysis, we firstly showed that the solution of the stochastic model is positive and global. Then, by employing suitable stochastic Lyapunov functions, we prove that the stochastic model admit a unique ergodic stationary distribution. In addition, sufficient conditions for the extinction of HIV infection are derived. Finally, numerical simulations are employed to confirm our theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Serious consequences of Epstein‐Barr virus infection: Hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis.
- Author
-
Xu, Lingyue, Guo, Xiaofang, and Guan, Hongzai
- Subjects
HIV infections ,CLINICAL pathology ,HEMOPHAGOCYTIC lymphohistiocytosis ,GRAFT versus host disease ,DIFFERENTIAL diagnosis ,GENETIC testing ,MOLECULAR biology ,CYTOGENETICS ,EPSTEIN-Barr virus diseases ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Human is the host of the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) especially in childhood and adolescence. Most of them are asymptomatic infection and self‐limiting. However, for those patients who suffer from immune dysfunction, EBV infection will be life‐threatening. Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (EBV‐HLH) is one of the severe effects. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of EBV‐HLH and other EBV infectious diseases are mentioned in this paper. The molecular biology mechanism and complications of EBV‐HLH are equally briefly presented. It also provides a practical method for the genetic diagnosis of such diseases and the differential diagnosis with other human immunodeficiency diseases for medical scientists in routine clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Addressing the structural drivers of HIV: a luxury or necessity for programmes?
- Author
-
Seeley, Janet, Watts, Charlotte H, Kippax, Susan, Russell, Steven, Heise, Lori, and Whiteside, Alan
- Subjects
HIV infections ,SEXUALLY transmitted diseases ,AIDS ,SOCIAL factors ,ECONOMIC impact - Abstract
The social, economic, political and environmental structural factors that increase susceptibility to HIV infection and undermine prevention and treatment efforts continue to pose a challenge. The papers in this series highlight the importance of sustaining those efforts to address the structural drivers of the HIV epidemic, and that initiatives to achieve HIV elimination will only come about through a comprehensive HIV response, that includes meaningful responses to the social, political, economic and environmental factors that affect HIV risk and vulnerability. In the context of declining resources for HIV/AIDS, the papers speak to the need to integrate responses to the structural drivers of HIV/AIDS into future HIV investments, with both initiatives to integrate HIV into broader gender and development initiatives, as well as adaptations of current service models, to ensure that they are sensitive to and able to respond to the broader economic and social responsibilities that their clients face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Everyday and unavoidable coproduction: exploring patient participation in the delivery of healthcare services.
- Author
-
Baim‐Lance, Abigail, Tietz, Daniel, Lever, Hazel, Swart, Madeleine, and Agins, Bruce
- Subjects
ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,ETHNOLOGY ,HEALTH facilities ,HIV infections ,INTEGRATED health care delivery ,MEDICAL quality control ,MEDICAL personnel ,MEDICAL practice ,PATIENT participation ,SOCIAL support ,THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
The financial and capacity pressures facing healthcare systems call for new strategies to deliver high‐quality, efficient services. 'Coproduction' is a concept gaining recognition as an approach to create patient partnerships that enable better functioning healthcare systems. Yet, this framing obscures coproduction's 'everyday and unavoidable' character, already part of healthcare service delivery. This paper aims to understand these everyday and unavoidable dimensions of coproduced healthcare services by drawing upon thematic and process analyses of a 15‐month ethnography of 45 patients in three HIV clinics in New York. A 'health practices' approach guided exploring patients' activities, their effects on clinical processes, and the conditions surrounding their performances. By constructing a typology of activity types – Building, Accepting, and Objecting – and tracing patients' descriptions of activity performances, the paper shows how coproduction is forged by making and relying upon clinic‐based relationships, and for patients also with a broader human community. These dynamics reveal how patients' bodily and temporal understandings are brought into and shape coproduced services. From these insights, we recommend that healthcare practitioners incorporate into their coproduction analytic methods and perspectives to engage patients as capable and aware individuals, who can support clinic efficiencies while producing new delivery possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. A decade of modelling research yields considerable evidence for the importance of concurrency: a response to Sawers and Stillwaggon.
- Author
-
Goodreau, Steven M.
- Subjects
SEXUALLY transmitted diseases ,HIV infections ,SEXUAL psychology ,HEALTH surveys - Abstract
In their recent article, Sawers and Stillwaggon critique the "concurrency hypothesis" on a number of grounds. In this commentary, I focus on one thread of their argument, pertaining to the evidence derived from modelling work. Their analysis focused on the foundational papers of Morris and Kretzschmar; here, I explore the research that has been conducted since then, which Sawers and Stillwaggon leave out of their review. I explain the methodological limitations that kept progress on the topic slow at first, and the various forms of methodological development that were pursued to overcome these. I then highlight recent modelling work that addresses the various limitations Sawers and Stillwaggon outline in their article. Collectively, this line of research provides considerable support for the modelling aspects of the concurrency hypothesis, and renders their critique of the literature incomplete and obsolete. It also makes clear that their call for "an end (or at least a moratorium) to research on sexual behaviour in Africa" that pertains to concurrency is unjustified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. ‘When you have children, you’re obliged to live’.
- Author
-
Wilson, Sarah
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGY of the sick ,HIV-positive women ,MOTHERHOOD & psychology ,HIV infections ,AIDS-related complex ,MOTHER-child relationship ,DISEASES ,PARENTHOOD ,CHILD welfare ,CHRONIC diseases ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Recent work on biographical disruption has emphasised the critical importance of timing and context to the understanding of the effects of illness on identity. This paper takes a different approach by examining the inter-relationship between illness and key sources of identity, in this instance HIV infection and motherhood. It is argued that, viewed in this light, biographical disruption remains a powerful analytic framework with which to explore the intense threat which may be posed to key identities by chronic, potentially fatal illnesses, and the fundamental re-working of such identities occasioned by such threats. With reference to the empirical study on which this paper draws, it is shown that the twelve respondents’ emphasis on their need to survive and to protect their children, represented a fundamental re-formulation of their identities as mothers and, therefore, a type of biographical disruption while paradoxically also containing elements of biographical reinforcement. It is further argued that the incorporation of such key identities into the analysis problematises work that suggests that biographical disruption is less relevant to those who have experienced difficult lives, while also highlighting the need to take greater account of gender and caring responsibilities in further work in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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41. From conflict to partnership: growing collaboration between police and NGOs in countries with concentrated epidemics among key populations.
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Thomson, Nicholas, Riley, Diane, Bergenstrom, Anne, Carpenter, Jenae, and Zelitchenko, Alex
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LAW enforcement agencies ,CIVIL society ,HIV infections ,THERAPEUTICS ,HIV prevention ,PEOPLE with drug addiction - Abstract
Introduction Between September 2012 and December 2015, a series of national and regional consultations, aimed at resolving a persistent dynamic of conflict between law enforcement agencies (LEAs) and civil society organizations (CSOs) working on issues of access to HIV services in high-priority countries for people who use drugs have been organized by the HIV/AIDS Section of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, the Law Enforcement and HIV Network (LEAHN) and other international organizations. The aim of these consultations has been to understand, at a national and regional level, the key points of tension between police and CSOs and how to overcome these tensions to enhance access to and uptake of services by key populations, including people who inject drugs, sex workers, men who have sex with men and transgenders. This commentary briefly describes the methods, process, content and key outcomes of these consultations held across diverse number of countries and regions, including Africa, South East Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America. Discussion While the context varies, this paper highlights that there are commonalities that drive a persistent dynamic of conflict and therefore also common methods for resolution of conflict and forging partnerships. Both policing and CSOs have key sectoral responsibilities and reform agendas to implement to ensure that as an individual agency they are able to meet their obligations as partners in the HIV response. Using the key outcomes of discussions and recommendations from these consultations and drawing on existing literature, the objective of this paper is to present a preliminary model that roadmaps the critical path from resolution of conflict to partnership between LEAs and CSOs. Conclusions This paper seeks to highlight that critical resources are required to support ongoing development and harnessing of partnerships between LEAs and CSOs and argues that these resources should not just come from global HIV funding mechanisms but should be part of a more mainstreamed security sector reform agenda that understands the mutual benefits that programming for human rights-based policing reform would have on HIV, development and security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Overview and research agenda arising from the 7th World Workshop on Oral Health and Disease in AIDS.
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Tappuni, AR and Shiboski, C
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ORAL diseases ,IMMUNE system physiology ,HIV infection complications ,ANTIRETROVIRAL agents ,ORAL manifestations of general diseases ,DENTAL care ,DIFFUSION of innovations ,GASTROINTESTINAL system ,HEALTH promotion ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HEALTH status indicators ,HIV infections ,ORAL hygiene ,PRIORITY (Philosophy) ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH ethics ,VIRUS diseases ,ADULT education workshops ,WORLD health ,COMORBIDITY ,AIDS-related opportunistic infections ,ETHICS ,PREVENTION - Abstract
The Research Agenda generated by the 7th World Workshop on Oral Health and Disease in AIDS (WW7) is delivered in this paper. Panels of international experts presided over nine workshops that constituted the conference held in November 2014 in Hyderabad, India. The main goal of the Workshop was to bring together clinician and scientists interested in the subject to debate with world-wide perspectives current issues related to the oral manifestations in HIV/AIDS. The workshops were structured around three themes; basic science, clinical/translational science and social science and were attended by 135 participants from 31 countries. The research questions debated at the workshops are presented in nine consensus papers published in this issue and are summarised in this paper along with an outline of the identified research needs in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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43. The trouble with normalisation: Transformations to hepatitis C health care and stigma in an era of viral elimination.
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Kagan, Dion, Seear, Kate, Lenton, Emily, Farrugia, Adrian, valentine, kylie, Mulcahy, Sean, and Fraser, Suzanne
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- *
AIDS prevention , *DIAGNOSIS of HIV infections , *HEPATITIS C prevention , *HIV infections , *CHRONIC hepatitis C , *DISEASE eradication , *RESEARCH methodology , *STAKEHOLDER analysis , *DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) , *MEDICAL care , *PUBLIC health , *ANTIVIRAL agents , *SOCIAL stigma , *INTERVIEWING , *QUALITATIVE research - Abstract
Modern health‐care systems have customarily approached hepatitis C in ways that resemble the public health approach to HIV/AIDS known as 'HIV exceptionalism'. HIV exceptionalism describes the unusual emphasis on privacy, confidentiality and consent in approaches to HIV and was partly developed to address HIV/AIDS‐related stigma. In the case of hepatitis C, exceptionalist approaches have included diagnosis and treatment by specialist physicians and other 'boutique' public health strategies. The recent availability of highly effective, direct‐acting antivirals alongside goals to eliminate hepatitis C have heralded dramatic changes to hepatitis C health care, including calls for its 'normalisation'. The corollary to exceptionalism, normalisation aims to bring hepatitis C into routine, mainstream health care. This article draws on interviews with stakeholders (n = 30) who work with hepatitis C‐affected communities in policy, community, legal and advocacy settings in Australia, alongside Fraser et al.'s (2017, International Journal of Drug Policy, 44, 192–201) theorisation of stigma, and Rosenbrock et al.'s (1999, The AIDS policy cycle in Western Europe: from exceptionalism to normalisation. WZB Discussion Paper, No. P 99‐202) critique of normalisation to consider the perceived effects of hepatitis C normalisation. Stakeholders described normalisation as a stigma‐reducing process. However, they also expressed concerns about the ongoing stigma and discrimination that is not ameliorated by normalisation. We suggest that in centring normalisation, changes in health care may exaggerate the power of technological solutions to transform the meanings of hepatitis C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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44. "We have to create our own community": Addressing HIV/AIDS among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) in the Neuropolis.
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Hassan, Neil R. and Tucker, Andrew
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- *
HIV , *MEN who have sex with men , *AIDS , *HIV infections , *HUMAN sexuality , *COMMUNITIES , *MORPHOLOGY - Abstract
The inclusion of Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) in global health policies has resulted in significant resource prioritisations in order to treat and prevent the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). MSM policy inclusions and health prioritisations, however, are primarily motivated by an epidemiological understanding of male same‐sex sexual behaviours, based on biological risks associated with HIV infection. Owing to South Africa's high HIV rates and MSM policy prioritisations, we aimed to examine experiences of engagement in urban MSM‐targeted HIV interventions. Qualitative interviews were conducted with participants (n = 20) who previously engaged in MSM‐HIV interventions, across a variety of historically marginalised "township" spaces in Cape Town, South Africa. Interviews were audio‐recorded with the consent of all participants, transcribed verbatim, and verified, and anonymised using alpha‐numeric codes. Data were analysed for core themes and in this paper we describe interactions between biological and social risks that shape city life for MSM in diverse township spaces. When positioned against the background of the Neuropolis, a recent sociological intervention by Des Fitzgerald, Nikolas Rose and Ilina Singh, our results portray urban life among MSM as a form of biological citizenship: (1) constructed by experiences that are constitutive of biosocial stressors, based on (2) health‐seeking attitudes and behaviours, and (3) reinforced through socio‐spatial engagements in peer‐led and community‐based HIV interventions. We conclude by offering critical insight into recent calls for the development of comprehensive and localised peer‐led health programmes as a current void in the geographies of health and sexualities in the global south. In this paper we describe Men who have Sex with Men and their urban experiences associated with HIV/AIDS interventions, and socio‐economic and spatial health inequalities in "townships" across Cape Town, South Africa. MSM's engagement in HIV interventions was examined as a form of urban citizenship that is: (1) constructed by biological and social interactions, (2) based on health‐seeking attitudes and behaviours, and (3) reinforced through peer‐led socio‐spatial relations. We offer critical insights into recent calls for comprehensive urban interventions in Africa as a current void in the geographies of health and sexualities in the global south. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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45. HIV self‐testing: A review and analysis to guide HIV prevention policy.
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HIV infection transmission ,PREVENTION of infectious disease transmission ,DIAGNOSIS of HIV infections ,HIV prevention ,HEALTH policy ,PUBLIC health surveillance ,HIV infections ,HEALTH services accessibility ,BLACK people ,CONSUMER attitudes ,MEN who have sex with men ,HEALTH impact assessment ,INDIGENOUS peoples ,PATIENT self-monitoring ,HEALTH promotion - Abstract
HIV self‐testing is a relatively new approach to HIV testing that, with increasing licensure in many countries, is an impending intervention. Considering such current or near‐future implementation, it is important for HIV prevention policymakers to reflect on if and how to incorporate HIV self‐testing. In this paper, using the Impact Fraction Model and the Anderson‐May equation, I discuss how HIV self‐testing should be an efficacious prevention approach when targeted appropriately. I then review the potential impacts of self‐testing on HIV surveillance and discuss possible ethical concerns about such testing. The outcome of this analysis is that, while some issues may arise related to surveillance, and while some ethical concerns can be raised, no empirical evidence substantiates either, suggesting that HIV self‐testing is an important strategy if it can be focused on and used by the persons most affected by HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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46. Psychosocial interventions for improving engagement in care and health and behavioural outcomes for adolescents and young people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta‐analysis.
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Laurenzi, Christina A, du Toit, Stefani, Ameyan, Wole, Melendez‐Torres, GJ, Kara, Tashmira, Brand, Amanda, Chideya, Yeukai, Abrahams, Nina, Bradshaw, Melissa, Page, Daniel T, Ford, Nathan, Sam‐Agudu, Nadia A, Mark, Daniella, Vitoria, Marco, Penazzato, Martina, Willis, Nicola, Armstrong, Alice, and Skeen, Sarah
- Subjects
HIV-positive persons ,TEENAGERS ,COVID-19 pandemic ,HUMAN sexuality ,HIV infections ,ADOLESCENT health - Abstract
Introduction: Adolescents and young people comprise a growing proportion of new HIV infections globally, yet current approaches do not effectively engage this group, and adolescent HIV‐related outcomes are the poorest among all age groups. Providing psychosocial interventions incorporating psychological, social, and/or behavioural approaches offer a potential pathway to improve engagement in care and health and behavioural outcomes among adolescents and young people living with HIV (AYPLHIV). Methods: A systematic search of all peer‐reviewed papers published between January 2000 and July 2020 was conducted through four electronic databases (Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus). We included randomized controlled trials evaluating psychosocial interventions aimed at improving engagement in care and health and behavioural outcomes of AYPLHIV aged 10 to 24 years. Results and discussion: Thirty relevant studies were identified. Studies took place in the United States (n = 18, 60%), sub‐Saharan Africa (Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe) and Southeast Asia (Thailand). Outcomes of interest included adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), ART knowledge, viral load data, sexual risk behaviours, sexual risk knowledge, retention in care and linkage to care. Overall, psychosocial interventions for AYPLHIV showed important, small‐to‐moderate effects on adherence to ART (SMD = 0.3907, 95% CI: 0.1059 to 0.6754, 21 studies, n = 2647) and viral load (SMD = −0.2607, 95% CI −04518 to −0.0696, 12 studies, n = 1566). The psychosocial interventions reviewed did not demonstrate significant impacts on retention in care (n = 8), sexual risk behaviours and knowledge (n = 13), viral suppression (n = 4), undetectable viral load (n = 5) or linkage to care (n = 1) among AYPLHIV. No studies measured transition to adult services. Effective interventions employed various approaches, including digital and lay health worker delivery, which hold promise for scaling interventions in the context of COVID‐19. Conclusions: This review highlights the potential of psychosocial interventions in improving health outcomes in AYPLHIV. However, more research needs to be conducted on interventions that can effectively reduce sexual risk behaviours of AYPLHIV, as well as those that can strengthen engagement in care. Further investment is needed to ensure that these interventions are cost‐effective, sustainable and resilient in the face of resource constraints and global challenges such as the COVID‐19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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47. Predictors of Medication Utilization for Opioid Use Disorder Among Medicaid-Insured HIV Patients in New York.
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Choi S, Yerneni R, Healy S, Goyal M, and Neighbors CJ
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Buprenorphine therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Methadone therapeutic use, Middle Aged, New York, Opioid-Related Disorders complications, United States, Analgesics, Opioid therapeutic use, Drug Utilization statistics & numerical data, HIV Infections complications, Medicaid statistics & numerical data, Opiate Substitution Treatment statistics & numerical data, Opioid-Related Disorders drug therapy
- Abstract
Background and Objectives: This paper investigates the prevalence and predictors for opioid use disorder (OUD) pharmacotherapy utilization for Medicaid-insured patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in New York., Methods: We identified patients with HIV and OUD in 2014 in the New York State Medicaid claims data (n = 5621). The claims were used to identify individual client medication for addiction treatment (MAT) utilization, demographic information, and other medical and psychiatric health conditions. The logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the potential predictors of MAT service utilization among people with HIV and OUD., Results: Of 5621 identified patients with HIV and OUD, 3647 (65%) received some type of MAT. Eighty-seven percent of treated patients received methadone while 10% received buprenorphine and 3% utilized both the therapies., Conclusions and Scientific Significance: A substantial number of patients with HIV and OUD did not receive MAT. Findings suggest that there are opportunities to improve OUD care for patients with HIV and OUD, particularly among the younger generation, blacks, individuals living outside of New York City, and among those with serious psychiatric conditions. This initial study suggests that an additional research is needed to better understand how the gap in care affects this population. (Am J Addict 2020;29:151-154)., (© 2020 American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.)
- Published
- 2020
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48. Exploring acceptability of oral PrEP prior to implementation among female sex workers in South Africa.
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Eakle, Robyn, Bourne, Adam, Mbogua, Judie, Mutanha, Nyaradzo, and Rees, Helen
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SEX workers ,HIV prevention ,HIV infections ,THERAPEUTICS ,EPIDEMICS ,ENGLISH language ,FACILITATORS (Persons) - Abstract
Introduction: Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high-risk for HIV acquisition in South Africa, where the advent of new HIV prevention and treatment interventions represent the potential to significantly impact the epidemic. This paper focuses on aspects of PrEP acceptability as a new intervention within the context of a larger service delivery programme including the simultaneous rollout of early ART. This paper explores PrEP acceptability among the FGD participants as future potential users. Methods: FGDs were conducted in two clinic-based sites in Johannesburg and Pretoria. They aimed to explore community-level, multi-dimensional acceptability of PrEP within the context of imminent implementation alongside early ART in the TAPS Demonstration Project. Sex worker peer educators recruited participants from varying sex work locales. Facilitation was in English with adaptation by facilitators into local languages as needed. Transcripts were translated and transcribed into English. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: Four FGDs were conducted in each site for a total of eight FDGs and 69 participants. Demographics were largely similar across the sites. Overall, there was strong acceptability of PrEP among participants and positive anticipation for the imminent delivery of PrEP in the local sex worker clinics. Themes arising from the discussions exploring aspects of PrEP acceptability included: awareness and understanding of PrEP; PrEP motivations including choice, control, and vulnerability, managing PrEP risks and worries; and, de-stigmatizing and empowering PrEP delivery. Participant discussions and recommendations highlighted the importance of developing clear education and messaging to accurately convey the concept of PrEP, and intervention integration into supportive and tailored services. Conclusions: Through the course of these FGDs, PrEP became a positive and highly anticipated prevention option among the FSWs participants who endorsed implementation in their communities. Effective integration of PrEP into existing services will include comprehensive health programming where ART is also available, appropriate messaging, and support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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49. Key findings on legal and regulatory barriers to HIV testing and access to care across Europe.
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Power, L., Hows, J., Jakobsen, S. F., and OptTEST by HIV in Europe
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HIV infections ,THERAPEUTICS ,HEALTH services accessibility laws ,CONTINUUM of care ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,ONLINE information services ,SURVEYS ,AIDS serodiagnosis - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this work within OptTEST by HiE has been to demonstrate the role of legal and regulatory barriers in hindering access to HIV testing, treatment and care across Europe and to produce tools to help dismantle them. Methods: An online survey to assess country‐specific data on legal and regulatory barriers distributed widely across the WHO Europe region. Literature reviews conducted in January‐October 2015 in English, in November 2015 in Russian, and updated in April 2017. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 25 key actors within the HIV field to feed into case studies and tip sheets on how to dismantle legal and regulatory barriers. Results: More than 160 individuals and organisations from 49 countries across the WHO European region provided responses which were analysed and cross checked with other data sources and a searchable database produced (legalbarriers.peoplewithhiveurope.org). The conducted literature reviews yielded 88 papers and reports which identify legal and regulatory barriers to key populations’ access to HV testing and care. Based on the interviews with key actors, ranging from PLHIV activists to government officials, on lessons‐learned, a series of tip sheets and ten case studies were written‐up intended to inform and inspire the HIV community to address and overcome existing barriers (opttest.eu/Tools). Conclusion: While some of the barriers identified may require major changes to wider health systems, or long term legal reform, many are open to a simple change in regulations or custom and practice. We have the tools. Why can't we finish the job? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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50. Educational Support for Orphaned Children: What Can We Learn from the African Extended Family Structure?
- Author
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Motha, Kholofelo Charlotte
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EDUCATION of orphans ,CHILDREN ,TEENAGERS ,EXTENDED families ,SYSTEMS theory ,SOCIAL support ,ORPHANAGES ,EDUCATION ,HIV infections ,ORPHANS ,POVERTY ,QUALITATIVE research ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
This paper challenges the view that, in the context of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, the African extended family is no longer able to care for and support orphaned children. The paper is based on a qualitative case study conducted in a South African urban area on the lived experiences of orphaned children aged 9–14. Data were collected from the children, their teachers as well as their main caregivers. The study found that, despite the poverty facing the extended family, emotional support, family cohesion and support for learning can serve to meet the educational needs of orphaned children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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