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Click here to view the accompanying paper in this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antigen‐antibody interaction determines the sensitivity and specificity of competitive immunoassay for hapten detection. In this paper, the specificity of a monoclonal antibody against alternariol‐like compounds was evaluated through indirect competitive ELISA. The results showed that the antibody had cross‐reactivity with 33 compounds with the binding affinity (expressed by IC50) ranging from 9.4 ng/mL to 12.0 μg/mL. All the 33 compounds contained a common moiety and similar substituents. To understand how this common moiety and substituents affected the recognition ability of the antibody, a three‐dimensional quantitative structure‐activity relationship (3D‐QSAR) between the antibody and the 33 alternariol‐like compounds was constructed using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) methods. The q2 values of the CoMFA and CoMSIA models were 0.785 and 0.782, respectively, and the r2 values were 0.911 and 0.988, respectively, indicating that the models had good predictive ability. The results of 3D‐QSAR showed that the most important factor affecting antibody recognition was the hydrogen bond mainly formed by the hydroxyl group of alternariol, followed by the hydrophobic force mainly formed by the methyl group. This study provides a reference for the design of new hapten and the mechanisms for antibody recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: Endometriosis (EM) is a chronic immunoinflammatory disease associated with an abnormal immunotolerant microenvironment. Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that play a major role in immunosuppression in cancer, inflammation and other diseases. This paper aims to elucidate whether or not MDSCs are involved in regulating this microenvironment in EM and how this regulation occurs. Method of Study: Immunochemistry (IHC) and qPCR were conducted to measure CD11b and ARG1 expression in the ectopic endometrium samples from EM patients. CCL25 levels in EM PF and the expression of CCR9 on M‐MDSCs were measured by ELISA. M‐MDSC migration was determined towards rhCCL25, α‐CCR9, α‐CCL25 and EM PF through in vitro chemotaxis assay. CD33+CD14+CD11b+HLA‐DR‐ M‐MDSCs isolated from EM PBMCs were added to CD8+ T cells stimulated with α‐CD3/α‐CD28 antibody. After 72 hours of co‐culture, proliferation was measured to rate the immunosuppressive function of M‐MDSCs. Finally, levels of IL‐10, GM‐CSF and arginase activity in the cultured supernatants were detected. Results: IHC and qPCR results revealed higher CD11b and ARG1 expression in EM endometrium than normal endometrium. MDSCs accumulated in the EM microenvironment, in which M‐MDSCs were the predominant type. CD33+CD14+CD11b+HLA‐DR− M‐MDSCs expressed high CCR9 levels and were recruited through CCL25. M‐MDSCs from EM PBMCs inhibited proliferation and activity in autologous T cells. rhCCL25 promoted IL‐10 and GM‐CSF secretion and arginase enzymatic activity in CD33+CD14+CD11b+HLA‐DR− M‐MDSCs. Conclusion: CD33+CD14+CD11b+HLA‐DR− M‐MDSCs recruited and activated by CCR9/CCL25 play a crucial role in the pathogenic progression of endometriosis, thus providing a potential target for EM treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an abstract of the medical research paper "Circulating Anti-S-Nitrosocysteine Antibodies in Relapsing Demyelinating Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis are Predictive of Clinical Signs Demyelination." This paper is to be discussed in the Seventeenth Meeting of the International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN) and the Thirteenth General Meeting of the European Society for Neurochemistry (ESN) to be held at Berlin, Germany from August 8-14, 1999.

The article presents an abstract of the research paper "Structure and Function of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule, NCAM." The paper will be presented in the joint meeting of the International Society for Neurochemistry and the European Society for Neurochemistry that will be held in Berlin, Germany from August 8-14, 1999. NCAM which compose of five immunoglobulin like domains and three fibronectin type II domains, interacts with the fibroblast growth factor receptor.

The Heinz Karger Memorial Prize for outstanding scientific work has been awarded in 1987 to Dieter Bitter-Suermann and Jurgen Roth for their paper entitled "Monoclonal antibodies to polysialic acid reveal epitope sharing between invasive pathogenic bacteria, differentiating cells and tumor cells." The Heinz Karger memorial foundation invites submissions on "Oncogenes in cell differentiation" for the 1988 prize. Some of the conditions includes papers must represent original research of a review of original research by a scientist or group of scientists. Manuscripts must not exceed 20 typewritten pages, including illustrations, tables and bibliography.

The article focuses on the Dr. Heinz Karger Prize given by Dr. Heinz Karger Memorial Foundation which invites the submission of papers on the subjects "Antibodies With Intrinsic Biological Activity," and "Intestinal Absorption of Peptides." Manuscripts shall not exceed 20 typewritten pages, including illustrations, tables and bibliography. The winning paper will be published in English in one of the Karger journals. The Council of the Foundation will judge the papers and confer the prize.

Click here to view the accompanying paper in this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the abstract of the research paper 'Screening for Antiplatelet Antibody in Terms of Cost-Effectiveness,' by T. Tasaki, et al, to be presented at the American Association of Blood Banks' 55th Annual Meeting on October 26-29, 2002.

Discusses the abstract of the research paper 'Cesarean Section: Is Preoperative Screening for Red Cell Alloantibodies Cost-Effective?,' by R. Larsen, et al, to be presented at the American Association of Blood Banks' 55th Annual Meeting on October 26-29, 2002.

This article presents the study of canine erythrocyte antibodies. An adaptation of the Polybrene technique for typing of canine erythrocytes is reported in this paper. Dog whole blood was anticoagulated with acid-citrate-dextrose in a proportion of 1:9 The samples were stored at 40, and used within 10 days. Manual typing and titrations were performed. Adaptation of this technique to canine blood study required two modifications: 15 per cent bovine serum albumin was substituted for homologous normal serum; the concentration of Polybrene was reduced to 0.033 mg/ml. Results demonstrated that the Polybrene technique is from 12.5 (anti-A) to 3200-fold (anti-He) more sensitive than the manual technique.

An abstract of the research paper "Temporary spontaneous remission of fetal complete heart block in SS-A antibody negative pregnant woman: a rare case report," by M. Shiro is presented.

All‐atom explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD)  simulations used to investigate the structural and dynamic properties of a bioconjugate hybrid are reported by D. Bonifazi, A. Magistrato et al. in their Full Paper on p. 12281 ff. This hybrid contains a monoclonal Cetuximab antibody (Ctx) that is non‐covalently adsorbed on a carbon nanotube exosurface. The simulations show that the antibody preferentially adopts a unique pose, in which a maximal exposure of the residues to the graphitic surface is accomplished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Please cite this paper as: Hayden FG. (2012) Newer Influenza Antivirals, Biotherapeutics and Combinations. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7(Suppl. 1), 63-75. This summary provides an overview of investigational antiviral agents for influenza and of future directions for development of influenza therapeutics. While progress in developing clinically useful antiviral agents for influenza has been generally slow, especially with respect to seriously ill and high-risk patients, important clinical studies of intravenous neuraminidase inhibitors, antibodies and drug combinations are currently in progress. The current decade offers the promise of developing small molecular weight inhibitors with novel mechanisms of action, including host-directed therapies, new biotherapeutics and drug combinations, that should provide more effective antiviral therapies and help mitigate the problem of antiviral resistance. Immunomodulatory interventions also offer promise but need to be based on better understanding of influenza pathogenesis, particularly in seriously ill patients. The development of combination interventions, immunomodulators and host-directed therapies presents unique clinical trial design and regulatory hurdles that remain to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on several papers related to clinical and experimental allergy. It mentions the questionnaire-based study conducted by Bailey and colleagues which surveyed various restaurants in Brighton, England regarding their strategies to minimize the risks of food allergic reactions on individuals with food allergy. Moreover, it discusses a study by Kaufman and colleagues on the effect of immunoglobulin replacement therapy in treating severe allergic asthma.

The article presents abstracts of several papers published in the issue, including one on transfusion-transmitted Babesia microti, one dealing basic scientific questions related to red cell hemolysis during blood bank storage and one on rapid screening of granulocyte antibodies.

An abstract of the conference paper "Prevention of early fetal alloimmune haemolytic disease and infusion of high dose of immunoglobulin" by L. Giorgi and colleagues is presented.

Presents abstracts of papers presented at the meeting held at the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital in Great Britain, on September 19, 2000. Effect of early screening and treatment with ventilation tubes in infants with persistent otitis media with effusion; Reduction of immunoglobulins in otitis media with effusion; Assessment of balance maturation in children.

Discusses the abstract of the research paper 'Performance of Acid Elution Test by Conventional Tube Test Technique and Gel Test,' by M.C.Z. Novaretti, et al, to be presented at the American Association of Blood Banks' 55th Annual Meeting on October 26-29, 2002.

Discusses the abstract of the research paper 'Antibody Detection and Identification: Gel Technology versus Tube Method,' by V. Blackburn, et al, to be presented at the American Association of Blood Banks' 55th Annual Meeting on October 26-29, 2002.

Discusses the abstract of the research paper 'Serologic Comparisons of Antibody Detection and Titration Methods: LISS, PEG and GEL,' by D. Ciavarella, et al, to be presented at the American Association of Blood Banks' 55th Annual Meeting on October 26-29, 2002.

Discusses the abstract of the research paper 'Testing Non-Group-O Neonates for Passively Acquired ABO Antibodies: Is 4 Months Too Old?,' by J. Doherty, et al, to be presented at the American Association of Blood Banks' 55th Annual Meeting on October 26-29, 2002.

Discusses the abstract of the research paper 'High Efficiency Removal of Immunoglobulin from Red Cell Concentrates by INACTINE Pathogen Reduction Process to Prevent Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury,' by J. Chapman, et al, to be presented at the American Association of Blood Banks' 55th Annual Meeting on October 26-29, 2002.

Discusses the abstract of the research paper 'The Role of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in the Management of Severe Early Onset Antenatal RBC Alloimmunization,' by C. Bambao, et al, to be presented at the American Association of Blood Banks' 55th Annual Meeting on October 26-29, 2002.

Discusses the abstract of the research paper 'Repeat Antibody Identification Studies: How Much Is Enough?,' by W.J. Judd and S.H. Butch, to be presented at the American Association of Blood Banks' 55th Annual Meeting on October 26-29, 2002.

The article presents an abstract of the research paper "The Expression of Carbohydrate Antigens on Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons, Regulatory Mechanisns and Biological Functions." Several sensation modalities are mediate by the neurons of Dorsal root ganglia. The frequent presence of antibodies against carbohydrate antigens in patient sera with autoimmune neuropathies suggests the biological significance of the carbohydrate antigens.

The article presents an abstract of the research paper "Activation of the ERK/MAP Kinase Pathway is Necessary for NCAM-Dependent Neurite Outgrowth." NCAM is a neural cell adhesion molecule and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is engaged in path finding and promotion of neurite outgrowth through a homophilic binding mechanism. It performs function as both a neuronal receptor and a substrate ligand.

The article presents an abstract of the research paper "Regulation of F11 Interactions By Tenaschin-R And Tenascin-C." The study shows that tenascin-R and tenascin-C differentially modulate cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth of tectal cells on F11. The number of attached cells is increases due to soluble tenascin-R. F11 is an axon-associated protein and associated with the immunoglobulin superfamily which promotes axon outgrowth.

The article presents an abstract of the research paper "Effect of Aspartate on Acid Secretion in the Rat Stomach." Using immunohistochemical method with specific antibodies, L-Aspartate neurons and their processes were localized in the rat stomach, against either Asp or its synthesizing enzyme, aspartate aminotransferase.

The article presents an abstract of the paper "Investigation of Autocatalytic Folding of Peptidyl-Prolyl Cis-Trans Isomerase (FKBP12) From Bovine Brain With Antibodies Raised to Its Peptide Fragment," which will be presented at the 30th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Neurochemistry to be held from March 14-17, 1999 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The resolution of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity is an assessment tool for the autocatalytic refolding of FKBP12.

‘Natural’ opsonins to Salmonella typhimurium in serum from foetal and natal rats have been shown to be in part macroglobulins. The titre of these opsonins was shown to increase in the young natal animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has emerged as a promising approach in clinical oncology. For brain metastases, the presence of the robust blood-brain barrier (BBB) and potential immune-related adverse events (irAEs) pose significant challenges. Here, a multistage-responsive antibody-delivery strategy is developed for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases, with the ultra-pH sensitivity borate bonds. The antibody-delivery nanoformulation (MB-aPDL1) is able to maintain the "silent state" in health tissue, cross the BBB/BTB by the GLUT1-mediated transcytosis, release the functionalized aPDL1 responsively, and promote the aPDL1 tumor-anchoring. In the in vivo tumor region, the MB-aPDL1 rapidly releases the activated BPA6-aPDL1, which successfully anchors to the tumor cells and improves the efficiency of ICB therapy. The two in vivo ICB therapy studies show a significant tumor growth inhibition from the MB-aPDL1 with an encouraging cure rate of 20% for the NSCLC brain metastases, due to enhanced immune response in tumor, commendably with less behavioral adverse reactions and liver damage. Taken together, this antibody-delivery strategy holds substantial potential for application in clinical treatment of brain metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]