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The emission of cyan light (470‐500 nm) plays a vital role in the visible light spectrum and is essential for applications such as lighting, displays, and optical communication. Inorganic cesium lead bromide perovskite quantum dots (CsPbBr3 PQDs) have made significant progress in the field of luminescence materials and devices, however, the lack of techniques to obtain highly emissive and stable cyan‐emitting CsPbBr3 PQDs has limited their device applications. Here, it is demonstrated that the complete surface passivation by treatment of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) and lead bromide, which can enhance the photoluminescence and stability of cyan emitting CsPbBr3 PQDs. In particular, the photoluminescence quantum yield of CsPbBr3 QDs can be greatly improved from 10.5% to 83.8%. Through an effective PMMA passivation, the obtained stable and bright CsPbBr3 PQDs composite films as the cyan color converters can effectively emit the cyan light to fill the "cyan gap" of white light‐emitting diode (WLED). The color rendering index value of such WLED is remarkably enhanced from 73.6 to 82.5. This study paves the way for the application of PQD color converters in the next generation of full‐visible‐spectrum WLED lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on social capital theory, this paper aims to investigate the impact of member enterprises of alien merchant chambers on enterprise innovation, within A‐share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges of China from 2010 to 2020. Additionally, the study seeks to explore the role played by social capital resulting from participation in these alien merchant chambers. Furthermore, we delve into the moderating effects of the number of alien merchant chambers and the degree of marketization in the enterprise's location. Moreover, we analyze the influence of heterogeneity in firm ownership and firm type. Our findings reveal that member enterprises of alien merchant chambers can increase their social capital and consequently promoting innovation; both the quantity of alien merchant chambers and the level of marketization in an enterprise's location positively influence this enhancement. Furthermore, the impact of state‐owned enterprises and non‐high‐tech enterprises on enterprise innovation, following their engagement with alien merchant chambers, surpasses that of non‐state‐owned enterprises and high‐tech enterprises. This research bridges the gap in understanding the corporate governance implications of alien merchant chambers, provides empirical evidence concerning Chinese alien merchant chambers, and addresses inquiries regarding the influence of merchant chambers' social capital. Additionally, it proposes a novel approach for listed companies to overcome resource constraints and to collaboratively pursue development, especially in light of the challenges posed by the COVID‐19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) plays a pivotal role in promoting rapid heat‐induced transcriptional reprogramming in plants. The thermotolerance regulatory function of Hsfs is influenced by their own alternative splicing. In this study, we found that ZmHsf17‐II, an intron retention isoform of subclass A2 gene ZmHsf17 of maize (Zea mays), accumulated in large amounts as a result of severe or sustained heat stress. It was confirmed by expression and purification that ZmHsf17‐II encodes a small truncated peptide with 115 amino acids. ZmHsf17‐II was found to be located in the nucleus and have no transcriptional activity. Overexpressing ZmHsf17‐I in Arabidopsis could enhance plants' thermotolerance, while overexpressing ZmHsf17‐II does not. Based on the results of molecular docking, Y2H and split LUC experiments, we found that ZmHsf17‐II could bind to DBD region of ZmHsf17‐I through the hydrogen bond interaction between the truncated DBD of ZmHsf17‐II and three amino acid residues (Arg105, Thr109 and Lys142) of ZmHsf17‐I DBD region. Further experiments showed that ZmHsf17‐I could bind to its own promoter and exhibited transcriptional activation activity, while ZmHsf17‐I interaction with ZmHsf17‐II, transcriptional activation activity was interfered. Those findings indicate that ZmHsf17 can negatively regulate its own transcription by producing more intron retention isoforms via alternative splicing under heat stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non‐invasive optical imaging modality, which provides rapid, high‐resolution and cross‐sectional morphology of macular area and optic nerve head for diagnosis and managing of different eye diseases. However, interpreting OCT images requires experts in both OCT images and eye diseases since many factors such as artefacts and concomitant diseases can affect the accuracy of quantitative measurements made by post‐processing algorithms. Currently, there is a growing interest in applying deep learning (DL) methods to analyse OCT images automatically. This review summarises the trends in DL‐based OCT image analysis in ophthalmology, discusses the current gaps, and provides potential research directions. DL in OCT analysis shows promising performance in several tasks: (1) layers and features segmentation and quantification; (2) disease classification; (3) disease progression and prognosis; and (4) referral triage level prediction. Different studies and trends in the development of DL‐based OCT image analysis are described and the following challenges are identified and described: (1) public OCT data are scarce and scattered; (2) models show performance discrepancies in real‐world settings; (3) models lack of transparency; (4) there is a lack of societal acceptance and regulatory standards; and (5) OCT is still not widely available in underprivileged areas. More work is needed to tackle the challenges and gaps, before DL is further applied in OCT image analysis for clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiological evidence regarding the relationship between coffee and tea consumption and the risk of ovarian cancer (OC) is inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to quantitatively investigate this topic in a large prospective cohort study. This cohort study included 24,715 individuals recruited from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trials between 1993 and 2001. The data used for our analysis included the latest follow‐up information collected up to 2015. Coffee intake of ≥4 cups/day (hazard ratio [HR], 0.586; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.356–0.966) or caffeine intake of 458.787 mg/day (HR, 0.607; 95% CI: 0.411–0.895) were associated with the lowest HR of incident OC in the fully adjusted model. Participants who consumed varying amounts of tea did not exhibit a statistically significant reduction in the risk of OC. Our findings suggest that a higher consumption of coffee or caffeine is associated with a reduced risk of OC. However, no statistically significant association was observed between tea consumption and the risk of OC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: An efficient electrochemical approach has been developed for the construction of 3‐sulfanylquinoline derivatives by treating phenylethynylbenzoxazinanones with disulfides in an undivided cell. The protocol provided a convenient route to functionalized quinolines with good functional group tolerance. Moreover, it does not require any metal catalysts or additives, furnishing a series of biological quinolines in moderate to good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) is an ideal candidate for reinforced epoxy vitrimer composites, however, achieving a desirable improvement of the mechanical properties is a great challenge owing to CNT is extremely easy to aggregate. In this study, well‐dispersed CNT reinforced epoxy vitrimers, namely EVD/CNT, were prepared by combining ultrasonic dispersion and dynamic crosslinking techniques, using multiple wall carbon nanotube as reinforcement filler, sebacic acid as curing agent, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) as epoxy monomer, zinc acetylacetonate as transesterification catalyst, torque rheometer (internal mixer) as dynamic crosslinking equipment. The CNT reinforced epoxy vitrimers, namely EVS/CNT, were prepared using traditional static curing method. The structure and morphology, mechanical properties and stress relaxation behavior of EVS/CNT and EVD/CNT were comparatively investigated, and the influence of CNT content on the structure and properties of EVD/CNT prepared by dynamic crosslinking method were also studied. The results indicated that dynamic crosslinking technology can stably disperse CNT into epoxy vitrimer resin matrix under continuous shear force. However, CNT experienced severe secondary agglomeration during the static curing process. When the loading amount of CNT was 2 wt%, the tensile strength and elongation at break of EVD/CNT‐2 were 3.2 times and 2.2 times higher than those of EVS/CNT‐2, respectively. The Young's modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) of EVD/CNT‐2 (6.43 ± 1.10 MPa, 29.6°C) were also higher than those of EVS/CNT‐2 (5.46 ± 0.31 MPa, 25.4°C). Moreover, dynamic crosslinking technology greatly shortened the reaction time of CNT reinforced epoxy vitrimers, improved production efficiency and reduced reaction energy consumption, and was expected to be used for large‐scale and industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of rodingites has been a continually controversial topic, largely due to the absence of minerals that can be unambiguously dated. Here, we present a case study that utilized LA‐ICPMS garnet U–Pb dating, in conjunction with field investigations, petrology and Raman spectroscopy, to reveal the age and petrogenesis of rodingite in the northern North China Craton. The rodingites are spatially associated with mafic and alkaline rocks. Our findings indicate that rodingitization occurred at ca. 388 Ma, making it about 5–10 Myr younger than its mafic protoliths, but contemporaneous with the adjoining alkaline plutons. These observations suggest that the rodingitization may be attributed to hydrothermal fluids from the alkaline magmas. Our study emphasizes the importance of utilizing garnet U–Pb dating to determine the timing of rodingitization and introduces a novel perspective on the relationship between rodingitization and alkaline magmas in extensional continental settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical weed control tools are commonly used in the production of many vegetable and field crops. This study aimed to determine the impact of weed species and growth stage on the finger weeder performances and to reveal the relation between root morphology, uprooting force and control efficacy. A one‐month field experiment with two model species, Triticum aestivum L. (grass) and Sinapis alba L. (broadleaf), showed that finger weeder control efficacy was affected by species and growth stage: Finger‐weeder application during the first two growth stages (cotyledon and second leaf) was more effective for S. alba than for T. aestivum (p < 0.0001), but at fourth‐leaf stage values for control efficacy were not significantly different (p = 0.134). In an experiment conducted in pots it was found that, at all three growth stages, the uprooting force required for S. alba was significantly lower than that for T. aestivum (p < 0.0001), indicating a lower anchoring force of the former. Determination of root‐morphology parameters revealed significantly higher root parameters, like length, in T. aestivum than in S. alba at the early developmental stages. Correlation of the control efficacy and uprooting force revealed a 2.5‐N threshold value for effective weed control. Additionally, net‐house and field experiments showed significant differences in the uprooting forces required for 10 different Mediterranean grasses versus broadleaves weed species at all developmental stages. To translate these findings into applicative recommendations, future research should characterize the relationship between the operational factors of this tool and the required uprooting force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most prevalent and destructive causes of cancer‐related deaths worldwide, approximately 70% of patients with HCC exhibit advanced disease at diagnosis, limiting the potential for radical treatment. For such patients, lenvatinib, a long‐awaited alternative to sorafenib for first‐line targeted therapy, has become a key treatment. Unfortunately, despite some progress, the prognosis for advanced HCC remains poor because of drug resistance development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying lenvatinib resistance and ways to relief drug resistance in HCC are largely unknown and lack of systematic summary; thus, this review not only aims to explore factors contributing to lenvatinib resistance in HCC, but more importantly, summary potential methods to conquer or mitigate the resistance. The results suggest that abnormal activation of pathways, drug transport, epigenetics, tumour microenvironment, cancer stem cells, regulated cell death, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and other mechanisms are involved in the development of lenvatinib resistance in HCC and subsequent HCC progression. To improve the therapeutic outcomes of lenvatinib, inhibiting acquired resistance, combined therapies, and nano‐delivery carriers may be possible approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrated that both copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO‐NPs) and copper nanoparticles (Cu‐NPs) can cause swelling, inflammation, and cause damage to the mitochondria of alveolar type II epithelial cells in mice. Cellular examinations indicated that both CuO‐NPs and Cu‐NPs can reduce cell viability and harm the mitochondria of human bronchial epithelial cells, particularly Beas‐2B cells. However, it is clear that CuO‐NPs exhibit a more pronounced detrimental effect compared with Cu‐NPs. Using bafilomycin A1 (Bafi A1), an inhibitor of lysosomal acidification, was found to enhance cell viability and alleviate mitochondrial damage caused by CuO‐NPs. Additionally, Bafi A1 also reduces the accumulation of dihydrolipoamide S‐acetyltransferase (DLAT), a marker for mitochondrial protein toxicity, induced by CuO‐NPs. This observation suggests that the toxicity of CuO‐NPs depends on the distribution of copper particles within cells, a process facilitated by the acidic environment of lysosomes. The release of copper ions is thought to be triggered by the acidic conditions within lysosomes, which aligns with the lysosomal Trojan horse mechanism. However, this association does not seem to be evident with Cu‐NPs. In mice, CuO‐NPs caused more extensive lung tissue damage than Cu‐NPs. In Beas‐2B cells, inhibition of lysosomal acidification with Bafi A1 markedly decreased CuO‐NPs‐induced mitochondrial damage. The lysosomal Trojan horse mechanism of aggravates CuO‐NPs‐induced cuproptosis in Beas‐2B cells, which can be reversed by Bafi A1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the synovium, known as synovium mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs), exhibit significant potential for articular cartilage regeneration owing to their capacity for chondrogenic differentiation. However, the microRNAs (miRNAs) governing this process and the associated mechanisms remain unclear. While mechanical stress positively influences chondrogenesis in MSCs, the miRNA‐mediated response of SMSCs to mechanical stimuli is not well understood. Objective: This study explores the miRNA‐driven mechano‐transduction in SMSCs chondrogenesis under mechanical stress. Methods: The surface phenotype of SMSCs was analysed by flow cytometry. Chondrogenesis capacities of SMSCs were examined by Alcian blue staining. High throughput sequencing was used to screen mechano‐sensitive miRNAs of SMSCs. The RNA expression level of COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9, BMPR2 and miR‐143‐3p of SMSCs were tested by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The interaction between miR‐143‐3p and TLR4 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. The protein expression levels of related genes were assessed by western blot. Results: High‐throughput sequencing revealed a notable reduction in miR‐143‐3p levels in mechanically stressed SMSCs. Gain‐ or loss‐of‐function strategies introduced by lentivirus demonstrated that miR‐143‐3p overexpression hindered chondrogenic differentiation, whereas its knockdown promoted this process. Bioinformatics scrutiny and luciferase reporter assays pinpointed a potential binding site for miR‐143‐3p within the 3′‐UTR of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2). MiR‐143‐3p overexpression decreased BMPR2 expression and phosphorylated Smad1, 5 and 8 levels, while its inhibition activated BMPR2‐Smad pathway. Conclusion: This study elucidated that miR‐143‐3p negatively regulates SMSCs chondrogenic differentiation through the BMPR2‐Smad pathway under mechanical tensile stress. The direct targeting of BMPR2 by miR‐143‐3p established a novel dimension to our understanding of mechano‐transduction mechanism during SMSC chondrogenesis. This understanding is crucial for advancing strategies in articular cartilage regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the vascular impedance of the pulmonary arteries in fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) by Doppler echocardiography. Methods: A total of 42 fetuses with TOF (TOF group) and 84 gestational age‐matched normal fetuses (control group) were prospectively collected from the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from August 2022 to January 2023. The severity of TOF was classified into mild TOF (z score ≥−2), moderate TOF (−4 < z score < −2), or severe TOF (z score ≤−4) according to the z score value of the pulmonary annulus diameter. The pulsatility index (PI) of the main pulmonary artery (MPA), distal left pulmonary artery (DLPA), and distal right pulmonary artery (DRPA) were measured by pulsed‐wave Doppler. The differences in clinical data and echocardiographic parameters between TOF group, control group, and TOF subgroups were compared. Results: Compared with the control group, MPA‐PI increased significantly, whereas DLPA‐PI and DRPA‐PI decreased in TOF group (all P <.001). There were no significant differences in MPA‐PI and DRPA‐PI among mild TOF, moderate TOF, and severe TOF (all P >.05). However, DLPA‐PI decreased significantly in severe TOF compared with mild TOF (P <.05). Conclusion: Fetuses with TOF presented increased vascular impedance in the pulmonary trunk and decreased impedance in distal pulmonary artery branches. Further large and follow‐up studies are needed to demonstrate the associations between those changed vascular impedances and the development of PA in patients with TOF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Chemodivergent synthesis of benzofurans and 2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans has been realized. Under a reaction system consisting of DBDMH and K2CO3 as promotors, controlled conditions enabled the formation of two sets of valuable heterocycles from the tandem transformation of enaminones and salicylaldehydes. The key to success was the identification of the reaction parameters, in which the imine intermediate which was formed by transient halogenation coupling and substitution processes underwent either aldol condensation/annulation or imine hydrolysis/aldol condensation. The additives NH4Cl or Fe2(SO4)3 controlled the unique selectivity of this reaction. A broad substrate scope of enaminones and salicylaldehydes has been employed in this reaction, demonstrating excellent functional group tolerance and versatility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine that not only directly induces inflammatory gene expression but also triggers apoptotic and necroptotic cell death, which leads to tissue damage and indirectly exacerbates inflammation. Thus, identification of inhibitors for TNF‐induced cell death has broad therapeutic relevance for TNF‐related inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we isolated and identified a marine fungus‐derived sesquiterpenoid, 9α,14‐dihydroxy‐6β‐p‐nitrobenzoylcinnamolide (named as Cpd‐8), that inhibits TNF receptor superfamily‐induced cell death by preventing the formation of cytosolic death complex II. Experimental Approach: Marine sponge‐associated fungi were cultured and the secondary metabolites were extracted to yield pure compounds. Cell viability was measured by ATP‐Glo cell viability assay. The effects of Cpd‐8 on TNF signalling pathway were investigated by western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence assays. A mouse model of acute liver injury (ALI) was employed to explore the protection effect of Cpd‐8, in vivo. Key Results: Cpd‐8 selectively inhibits TNF receptor superfamily‐induced apoptosis and necroptosis. Cpd‐8 prevents the formation of cytosolic death complex II and subsequent RIPK1‐RIPK3 necrosome, while it has no effect on TNF receptor I (TNFR1) internalization and the formation of complex I in TNF signalling pathway. In vivo, Cpd‐8 protects mice against TNF‐α/D‐GalN‐induced ALI. Conclusion and Implications: A marine fungus‐derived sesquiterpenoid, Cpd‐8, inhibits TNF receptor superfamily‐induced cell death, both in vitro and in vivo. This study not only provides a useful research tool to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of TNF‐induced cell death but also identifies a promising lead compound for future drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to realize the switching between various topology optimization approaches such as SIMP and moving morphable component (MMC) method, is a crucial challenge in the field of structural design. In this article, a robust conversion framework is proposed to convert a pixel‐type topology optimization result to MMC representation. Based on the sparse optimization approach, the framework enables the determination of the minimum number of components with a specified shape error. This method provides an efficient bridge for these two types of geometric descriptions, and promotes the free switching between the topology optimization frameworks with pixel‐based and MMC‐based design domains. The proposed procedure contains a pre‐processing of resolution improvement, symmetry axis extraction with sparse optimization, and variational shape approximation. Two practical applications are demonstrated using the proposed framework. First, it can be applied to the intermediate results of SIMP, to achieve faster optimization convergence. Furthermore, a stress‐based shape optimization approach can be applied to the obtained MMCs, and novel progressive continuity constraints are also introduced to maintain boundary continuity. Several examples demonstrate advantages of the proposed framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of Atlantic Niño on the following El Niño–Southern Oscillation becomes significant since mid‐1970s. However, exact mechanisms for this inter‐decadal change are still unclear. Here, we perform a set of model pacemaker experiments to probe the relative contributions of the changes in the Atlantic Niño itself and the mean‐state under global warming. The results suggest that the warmer background of the tropical Atlantic plays an essential role in enhancing local mean precipitation, inducing stronger divergence and low‐level easterlies in the Pacific. Under a favorable condition in the Pacific, even a weak Atlantic Niño‐related warming could promote the development of La Niña through cross‐basin Walker circulation and the Indian Ocean‐relayed Kelvin wave response. In contrast, the Atlantic Niño pattern change itself induces feeble convection anomalies in the western Atlantic, which cannot induce significant atmospheric response in the Pacific. These results imply an important modulation of global warming on the inter‐basin connection. Plain Language Summary: Climate phenomena in the three tropical oceans are tightly inter‐connected through atmospheric and oceanic pathways. The observations show that the influence of equatorial Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) on the evolution of the following El Niño–Southern Oscillation displays a noticeable multi‐decadal change. The inter‐basin influence is negligible in early decades but becomes statistically significant since mid‐1970s. To understand this multi‐decadal change, the changes in the remote impacts of the tropical Atlantic Niño are divided into those related to the changes in the Atlantic Niño itself and the background mean SST. By comparing their relative contributions, we find the warmer climatological mean SST excites incremental precipitation around the western tropical Atlantic and Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), amplifying inter‐basin Walker circulation and the Indian Ocean relayed effect, and thus can more easily promote the evolution of La Niña in the following seasons. In contrast, despite the Atlantic Niño pattern broadens westwards in the recent decades, its induced‐feeble positive convection anomalies in the western Atlantic scarcely induce the atmospheric response over the tropical Pacific. Our results stress the vital role of the multi‐decadal SST warming in the tropical Atlantic and provide a plausible explanation for the multi‐decadal strengthening of this inter‐basin connection in recent decades. Key Points: The correlation between summer Atlantic Niño and the following El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) becomes significantly negative since 1976The warming‐induced tropical Atlantic mean‐state change, rather than the Atlantic Niño change itself, dominantly modulates the inter‐basin impact on ENSOThe climatological sea surface temperature/precipitation strengthened in the tropical Atlantic is important to exert the influence on ENSO [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Southern Ocean's eddy response to changing climate remains unclear, with observations suggesting non‐monotonic changes in eddy kinetic energy (EKE) across scales. Here simulations reappear that smaller‐mesoscale EKE is suppressed while larger‐mesoscale EKE increases with strengthened winds. This change was linked to scale‐wise changes in the kinetic energy cycle, where a sensitive balance between the dominant mesoscale energy sinks—inverse KE cascade, and source—baroclinic energization. Such balance induced a strong (weak) mesoscale suppression in the flat (ridge) channel. Mechanistically, this mesoscale suppression is attributed to stronger zonal jets weakening smaller mesoscale eddies and promoting larger‐scale waves. These EKE multiscale changes lead to multiscale changes in meridional and vertical eddy transport, which can be parameterized using a scale‐dependent diffusivity linked to the EKE spectrum. This multiscale eddy response may have significant implications for understanding and modeling the Southern Ocean eddy activity and transport under a changing climate. Plain Language Summary: The response of eddies in the Southern Ocean to climate change is not well understood. In this study, we used a channel model that simulates the effects of wind on eddies. We found that smaller eddies have less kinetic energy (KE) when the winds are stronger. On the other hand, larger‐scale eddies have more KE with stronger winds. Similar phenomena are also observed in the observations. By analyzing the eddy's KE budget, the interaction between different scales of eddies and the interaction between the eddies and mean flow are strengthened when the winds get stronger. This leads to a reduction of eddy KE at smaller mesoscale scales and an increase at larger scales. From the observational view, stronger winds weaken smaller eddies and promote larger waves. This change in eddy KE also affects how eddies meridionally transport materials and how eddy diffusivity varies at different scales. Smaller eddies transport materials less when their KE is weakened, while larger eddies become stronger in transporting materials. These findings determine how eddy diffusivity responds to the changed eddy KE at different scales. The multi‐scale response of eddies to wind has important implications for understanding the behavior of Southern Ocean eddies in a changing climate. Key Points: Larger eddies got stronger and smaller eddies got weaker as Southern Ocean westerlies strengthenedBoth flat and ridge channel simulations suggest that these changes may be linked to changes in the inverse energy cascadeThe corresponding changes in scale‐wise meridional and vertical transport are also non‐monotonic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic N2 reduction to ammonia rises as a cost‐effective, environmentally benign, and efficient route to generate ammonia as a transportable/storable energy carrier and essential fertilizer. Recently, photocatalysts anchored with various atomically scattered active centers (ASACs), such as Ru, Fe, Au, Pt, Cu, Mo, and La, are extensively explored in photocatalytic N2‐to‐ammonia transformation. This review critically summarizes the current achievements in the synthesis of various photocatalyst supports (such as metal oxide, carbon nitride, metal‐organic framework, and covalent organic framework) anchored with the above‐mentioned ASACs for N2 reduction to form ammonia. The synthesis routes, structural/compositional characteristics, and performances of these ASACs anchored photocatalysts are summarized and introduced. Furthermore, the atomic‐scale relationship between the structure/composition and performance of these ASACs anchored photocatalysts is also introduced. The reaction mechanism including the reaction kinetics/thermodynamics, reaction pathways, and charge carrier kinetics, especially those revealed by various state‐of‐art characterization techniques, have been highlighted. This review also outlines the basic principles for the synthesis of novel photocatalysts aimed at ammonia evolution. Finally, the current challenges, opportunities, and future outlooks of ASACs anchored photocatalysts for ammonia evolution are introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applications of lithium (Li)–sulfur (S) batteries are simultaneously hampered by the unlimited dendritic Li growth and the sluggish redox kinetics of polysulfides (LiPSs). In this work, an electronic state‐modulated Ni4N/Zn3N2 heterogeneous nanosheet arrays is painstakingly fabricated on the surface of carbon cloth (CC@Ni4N/Zn3N2) as an efficient bi‐service host to promote uniform Li deposition and boost efficient LiPSs catalysis. It is found that the electronic structure of Ni4N/Zn3N2 heterostructure is modulated to realize a rational transition metal d‐band center, and its built‐in electric field (BIEF) within the heterointerfaces facilitates the interfacial charge transfer, resulting in low Li deposition/migration energy barrier and efficient LiPSs adsorption/catalytic conversion kinetics. As a result, the as‐prepared CC@Ni4N/Zn3N2‐Li anode can enable the Li. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerating the conversion of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) to solid Li2S2/Li2S through single-atom cathodes has emerged as a promising strategy for realizing high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries. However, rationally optimizing the conversion effects and spatial capture abilities of LiPSs intermediates on the atomic catalytic sites is extremely required but still faces enormous challenges. Here, inspired by the delicate structure of sieve tubes in plants, Fe single-atom cathode (channel-FeSAC) equipped with long-range ordered channels and localized capture-catalysis microenvironments towards efficient LiPSs conversion is reported on designing. Benefiting from the individual and stable catalytic areal for localized capture and migration inhibition abilities on LiPSs and fully confined triple-phase boundaries between atomic catalytic centers, conductive carbon, and electrolytes, the channel-FeSAC can effectively convert polysulfides, thus eliminating the shuttle effects and generation of inactive LiPSs. It is also elucidated that the channel-FeSAC exhibits superior migration inhibition of polysulfide and accelerates Li2S deposition/conversion kinetics compared with bowl-FeSAC and flat-FeSAC. The outstanding areal capacity and cycling stability under high sulfur loading and low electrolyte/sulfur ratio verify that the channel-FeSAC holds great potential as cathodes for high-performance cathodes. This work offers vital insights into the essential roles of bioinspired fully confined channels and catalytic microenvironments in polysulfide catalysis for efficient lithium-sulfur batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During past glacial‐interglacial cycles, the boreal summer insolation is the most crucial external forcing for climate change. However, the question of whether summer insolation is a key forcing on temperatures in the boreal tropics remains under debate, hampering our understanding of climate change at low latitudes. To shed further light on this issue, we performed a series of equilibrium simulations with the NorESM‐L model over the past 425 ka. Our simulations show that in the boreal tropical monsoon region, the simulated annual temperature is anti‐phased towards the boreal summer insolation. This antiphase relation is also supported by some available geological data. Additional diagnostic analyses reveal that the tropical warmth throughout the year is more reliant on winter temperatures than on summer temperatures. This stands in contrast to the situation in middle to high latitudes, particularly in the Mediterranean region. Further correlation analysis and spectrum analysis suggest that the annual temperature in boreal tropics is highly linked to local winter insolation. Our results highlight complex hydrothermal configurations in the boreal tropics, suggesting a decoupling of temperature and precipitation. Specifically, variations in annual temperature and precipitation in the boreal tropics are driven by distinct patterns of seasonal insolation. We deduce that the unique hydrothermal configurations in North Africa may have influenced the dispersal of early humans out of Africa. Plain Language Summary: On the orbital timescale, whether the temperature in boreal tropics is driven by boreal summer insolation still remains unclear. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of simulated results spanning the 425 ka. Our findings indicate that the annual temperature in boreal tropics is anti‐phased to the local summer insolation. Specifically, when local summer insolation is high (low), overall cooling (warming) occurs in the North African and South Asian monsoon regions. Some available paleo‐temperature records from the tropics also provide partial support for our simulation results. The temperature pattern in the boreal tropics is linked to the strong internal feedback in the summer from the unique climate background of the tropics, which results in relatively slight summer cooling at high boreal summer insolation, while the annual temperature is largely dependent on winter temperatures driven by local winter insolation. Our simulations reveal highly complex hydrothermal configurations in the boreal tropics on the orbital timescale, suggesting a decoupling of temperature and precipitation, with the former influenced by winter insolation and the latter forced by summer insolation. Key Points: The temperature in boreal tropical monsoon regions is anti‐phased to the boreal summer insolationThe annual temperature in boreal tropics is more dependent on the winter than summer temperaturesThe key role of local winter insolation in regulating the boreal tropical temperature is closely linked to its unique climatic background [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metallic zinc is a promising anode material for rechargeable aqueous multivalent metal‐ion batteries due to its high capacity and low cost. However, the practical use is always beset by severe dendrite growth and parasitic side reactions occurring at anode/electrolyte interface. Here we demonstrate dynamic molecular interphases caused by trace dual electrolyte additives of D‐mannose and sodium lignosulfonate for ultralong‐lifespan and dendrite‐free zinc anode. Triggered by plating and stripping electric fields, the D‐mannose and lignosulfonate species are alternately and reversibly (de‐)adsorbed on Zn metal, respectively, to accelerate Zn2+ transportation for uniform Zn nucleation and deposition and inhibit side reactions for high Coulombic efficiency. As a result, Zn anode in such dual‐additive electrolyte exhibits highly reversible and dendrite‐free Zn stripping/plating behaviors for >6400 hours at 1 mA cm−2, which enables long‐term cycling stability of Zn||ZnxMnO2 full cell for more than 2000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based electrolytes are often used for Li+ conduction as they can dissociate the Li salts efficiently. However, high entanglement of the chains and lack of pathways for rapid ion diffusion limit their applications in advanced batteries. Recent developments in ionic covalent organic frameworks (iCOFs) showed that their highly ordered structures provide efficient pathways for Li+ transport, solving the limitations of traditional PEO‐based electrolytes. Here, we present imidazolate COFs, PI‐TMEFB‐COFs, having methoxyethoxy chains, synthesized by Debus–Radziszewski multicomponent reactions and their ionized form, Li+@PI‐TMEFB‐COFs, showing a high Li+ conductivity of 8.81 mS cm−1 and a transference number of 0.974. The mechanism for such excellent electrochemical properties is that methoxyethoxy chains dissociate LiClO4, making free Li+, then those Li+ are transported through the imidazolate COFs' pores. The synthesized Li+@PI‐TMEFB‐COFs formed a stable interface with Li metal. Thus, employing Li+@PI‐TMEFB‐COFs as the solid electrolyte to assemble LiFePO4 batteries showed an initial discharge capacity of 119.2 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C, and 82.0 % capacity and 99.9 % Coulombic efficiency were maintained after 400 cycles. These results show that iCOFs with ether chains synthesized via multicomponent reactions can create a new chapter for making solid electrolytes for advanced rechargeable batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3‐Indole‐3‐one is a key intermediate in the synthesis of many drugs and plays an important role in synthetic chemistry and biochemistry. A new method for synthesizing trifluoromethylated 3‐indoleketones by Pd(0)‐catalyzed carbonylation was introduced. In the absence of additives, 1‐chloro‐3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl (an inexpensive and environmentally friendly synthetic block of trifluoromethyl) reacts with indole and carbon monoxide to generate trifluoromethylindole ketones with good yields, regioselectivity, and chemical selectivity; furthermore, the products exhibit strong resistance to basic functional groups, such as alkynes, aldehydes, and esters. In addition to the conversion of indole compounds into corresponding products, pyrrole and heteroindole may be suitable for corresponding chemical transformations. This study provides a synthetic method for the further construction of trifluoromethylated 3‐indole ketones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The severe shuttle effect and the sluggish redox reaction kinetics are the two most urgent issues with lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). In this work, Se vacancy-rich molybdenum selenide-modified graphene aerogels are designed to serve as both cathode host ( MoSe2-x@GA/S) and freestanding interlayers ( MoSe2-x@GA) for LSBs. The graphene network-supported binder-free sulfur host maximizes electron conductivity/Li+ migration rate and alleviates bulk expansion. The defect-rich MoSe2-x with sulfiphilic-lithiophilic properties accelerates the nucleation and dissociation of Li2S, while the insertion of a bifunctional interlayer not only facilitates the adsorption and conversion of polysulfides but also regulates the uniform lithium deposition and inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. As a result, the assembled MoSe2-x@GA/S+interlayer electrode obtains good feedback in terms of capacity enhancement and cycling stability, possessing a high initial discharge capacity of 1256.9 mA h g-1 at 0.2 C and a slow decay ratio of 0.024% per cycle at a high current density of 1 C after 1000 long-term cycling, and achieve high specific capacity (720.6 mA h g-1) at high sulfur loading (4.8 mg cm-2) and lean electrolyte (5.5 µL mg-1) conditions. This insightful work contributes new ideas for the design of binder-free sulfur host and the application of defective electrocatalytic engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gut microbiome is a key partner of animals, influencing various aspects of their physiology and behaviors. Among the diverse behaviors regulated by the gut microbiome, locomotion is vital for survival and reproduction, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we reveal that the gut microbiome modulates the locomotor behavior of Drosophila larvae via a specific neuronal type in the brain. The crawling speed of germ‐free (GF) larvae was significantly reduced compared to the conventionally reared larvae, while feeding and excretion behaviors were unaffected. Recolonization with Acetobacter and Lactobacillus can fully and partially rescue the locomotor defects in GF larvae, respectively, probably due to the highest abundance of Acetobacter as a symbiotic bacterium in the larval gut, followed by Lactobacillus. Moreover, the gut microbiome promoted larval locomotion, not by nutrition, but rather by enhancing the brain levels of tyrosine decarboxylase 2 (Tdc2), which is an enzyme that synthesizes octopamine (OA). Overexpression of Tdc2 rescued locomotion ability in GF larvae. These findings together demonstrate that the gut microbiome specifically modulates larval locomotor behavior through the OA signaling pathway, revealing a new mechanism underlying larval locomotion regulated by the gut microbiome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2D insulating material hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) has attracted much attention as the active medium in memristive devices due to its favorable physical properties, among others, a wide bandgap that enables a large switching window. Metal filament formation is frequently suggested for h‐BN devices as the resistive switching (RS) mechanism, usually supported by highly specialized methods like conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Here, the switching of multilayer hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) threshold memristors with two nickel (Ni) electrodes is investigated through their current conduction mechanisms. Both the high and the low resistance states are analyzed through temperature‐dependent current–voltage measurements. The formation and retraction of nickel filaments along boron defects in the h‐BN film as the resistive switching mechanism is proposed. The electrical data are corroborated with TEM analyses to establish temperature‐dependent current–voltage measurements as a valuable tool for the analysis of resistive switching phenomena in memristors made of 2D materials. The memristors exhibit a wide and tunable current operation range and low stand‐by currents, in line with the state of the art in h‐BN‐based threshold switches, a low cycle‐to‐cycle variability of 5%, and a large On/Off ratio of 107. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bio‐catalysis represents a highly efficient and stereoselective method for the synthesis of valuable chiral compounds, however, the poor stability and limited reaction types of free enzymes restrict their wide application in industrial production. In this work, to overcome these problems, a multifunctional photoenzymatic nanoreactor CALB@COF‐Ir was developed through the encapsulation of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) in a photosensitive covalent organic framework COF‐Ir. This bio‐nanocluster serves as efficient catalysts in asymmetric dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of secondary amines to give a series of chiral amines in high yields (up to 99 %) and enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee). The well‐designed COF‐Ir not only acts as safety cover to prevent CALB from deactivation but promotes racemization of secondary amines via photo‐induced hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process. Photoelectric characterization and TDDFT calculation revealed that (ppy)2Ir units in COF‐Ir play crucial role in this photocatalytic system which enhance its photo‐redox properties through facilitating the separation between photoelectrons (e−) and holes (h+). Furthermore, the heterogeneous photoenzymatic nanoreactor could be recycled for five rounds with slight decline of catalytic reactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thrombus therapy is challenged by potential bleeding risk of thrombolytic agents, and external irradiation is usually needed in thrombus imaging. Herein, highly efficient theranostic platforms are designed for piezoelectric‐Fenton‐photodynamic thrombolysis and endogenous thrombus imaging in response to the elevated shear stress at the thrombus site. Piezoelectric tetragonal barium titanate (tBT) nanoparticles (NPs) are coated with Fe3+‐coordinated metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), followed by inoculation of chlorin e6‐luminol conjugates and heparin absorption to obtain theranostic tBT@MOFCL/Hep NPs. Shear stress‐induced piezopotential on NPs accelerates Fe3+/Fe2+ transformation to deplete MOF layers, activates Fenton reaction and produces reactive oxidative species (ROS) for non‐pharmacological thrombolysis. In the meantime, the site‐specific ROS generation oxidizes luminol and the chemiluminescent resonance energy transfer with chlorin e6 generates red fluorescence for thrombus imaging without using external light irradiation. After intravenous injection into a carotid artery thrombosis model, the heparin‐mediated thrombus targeting yields 6.5‐fold higher luminescent intensity at the thrombus site. Thrombi in the carotid arteries are almost completely dissolved with integration of piezoelectric dynamic therapy, piezopotential‐enhanced Fenton reaction, and chemiluminescence‐excited photodynamic therapy, while causing no haematologic and histopathologic abnormality. This study demonstrates a concise strategy to generate shear stress‐responsive built‐in piezoelectric potentials, site‐specific non‐pharmacological thrombolysis, self‐illuminating, and stenosis degree‐adaptable thrombus imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly lethal tumor that often develops resistance to targeted therapy. It is shown that Tank‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1) phosphorylates AGO2 at S417 (pS417‐AGO2), which promotes NSCLC progression by increasing the formation of microRNA‐induced silencing complex (miRISC). High levels of pS417‐AGO2 in clinical NSCLC specimens are positively associated with poor prognosis. Interestingly, the treatment with EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib can significantly induce pS417‐AGO2, thereby increasing the formation and activity of oncogenic miRISC, which may contribute to NSCLC resistance to Gefitinib. Based on these, two therapeutic strategies is developed. One is jointly to antagonize multiple oncogenic miRNAs highly expressed in NSCLC and use TBK1 inhibitor Amlexanox reducing the formation of oncogenic miRISC. Another approach is to combine Gefitinib with Amlexanox to inhibit the progression of Gefitinib‐resistant NSCLC. This findings reveal a novel mechanism of oncogenic miRISC regulation by TBK1‐mediated pS417‐AGO2 and suggest potential therapeutic approaches for NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), metal ion accumulation, and tricarboxylic acid cycle collapse are crucial factors in mitochondria‐mediated cell death. However, the highly adaptive nature and damage‐repair capabilities of malignant tumors strongly limit the efficacy of treatments based on a single treatment mode. To address this challenge, a self‐reinforced bimetallic Mito‐Jammer is developed by incorporating doxorubicin (DOX) and calcium peroxide (CaO2) into hyaluronic acid (HA) ‐modified metal‐organic frameworks (MOF). After cellular, Mito‐Jammer dissociates into CaO2 and Cu2+ in the tumor microenvironment. The exposed CaO2 further yields hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Ca2+ in a weakly acidic environment to strengthen the Cu2+‐based Fenton‐like reaction. Furthermore, the combination of chemodynamic therapy and Ca2+ overload exacerbates ROS storms and mitochondrial damage, resulting in the downregulation of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and blocking of Cu‐ATPase to sensitize cuproptosis. This multilevel interaction strategy also activates robust immunogenic cell death and suppresses tumor metastasis simultaneously. This study presents a multivariate model for revolutionizing mitochondria damage, relying on the continuous retention of bimetallic ions to boost cuproptosis/immunotherapy in cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the photoswitching rate and robustness of photochromic molecules in bulk solids is paramount for practical applications but remains an on‐going challenge. Here, we introduce an octupolar design paradigm to develop a new family of visible light organic photoswitches, namely multi‐branched octupolar Stenhouse Adducts (MOPSAs) featuring a C3‐symmetrical A3‐(D‐core) architecture with a dipolar donor–acceptor (D–A) photochrome in each branch. Our design couples multi‐dimensional geometric and electronic effects of MOPSAs to enable robust ultrafast reversible photoswitching in bulk polymers. Specifically, the optimal MOPSA (4 wt %) in commercial polyurethane films accomplishes nearly 100 % discoloration in 6 s under visible light with ∼ 100 % thermal‐recovery in 17.4 s at 60 °C, while the acquired kinetics constants are 3∼7 times that of dipolar DASA counterpart and 1∼2 orders of magnitude higher than those of reported DASAs in polymers. Importantly, the MOPSA‐doped polymer films sustain 500 discoloration/recovery cycles with slow degradation, superior to the existing DASAs in polymers (≤30 cycles). We discover that multi‐dipolar coupling in MOPSA enables enhanced polarization and electron delocalization, promoting the rate‐determining thermal cyclization, while the branched and non‐planar geometry of MOPSA induces large free volume to facilitate the isomerization. This design can be extended to develop spiropyran or azobenzene‐based ultrafast photochromic films. The superior photoswitching performance of MOPSAs together with their high‐yield and scalable synthesis and facile film processing inspires us to explore their versatile uses as smart inks or labels for time‐temperature indicators, optical logic encryption and multi‐levelled data encryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct methane conversion (DMC) to oxygenates at low temperature is of great value but remains challenging due to the high energy barrier for C−H bond activation. Here, we report that in situ decoration of Pd1‐ZSM‐5 single atom catalyst (SAC) by CO molecules significantly promoted the DMC reaction, giving the highest turnover frequency of 207 h−1 ever reported at room temperature and ~100 % oxygenates selectivity with H2O2 as oxidant. Combined characterizations and DFT calculations illustrate that the C‐atom of CO prefers to coordinate with Pd1, which donates electrons to the Pd1−O active center (L−Pd1−O, L=CO) generated by H2O2 oxidation. The correspondingly improved electron density over Pd−O pair renders a favorable heterolytic dissociation of C−H bond with low energy barrier of 0.48 eV. Applying CO decoration strategy to M1‐ZSM‐5 (M=Pd, Rh, Ru, Fe) enables improvement of oxygenates productivity by 3.2–11.3 times, highlighting the generalizability of this method in tuning metal‐oxo electronic structure of SACs for efficient DMC process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythroneurini is the largest tribe of the microleafhopper subfamily Typhlocybinae. Most prior research on this tribe has focused on traditional classification, phylogeny, and control of agricultural pests, and the phylogeography of the group remains poorly understood. In this study, the mitochondrial genomes of 10 erythroneurine species were sequenced, and sequences of four genes were obtained for 12 geographical populations of Seriana bacilla. The new sequence data were combined with previously available mitochondrial DNA sequence data and analyzed using Bayesian and Maximum‐Likelihood‐based phylogenetic methods to elucidate relationships among genera and species and estimate divergence times. Seriana was shown to be derived from within Empoascanara. Phylogeographic and population genetic analysis of the endemic Chinese species Seriana bacilla suggest that the species diverged about 54.85 Mya (95% HPD: 20.76–66.23 million years) in the Paleogene period and that population divergence occurred within the last 14 million years. Ancestral area reconstruction indicates that Seriana bacilla may have originated in the central region of Guizhou, and geographical barriers are the main factors affecting gene flow among populations. Ecological niche modeling using the MaxEnt model suggests that the distribution of the species was more restricted in the past but is likely to expand in the future years 2050 and 2070. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Valbenazine (Ingrezza), a potent and highly selective inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) through the active metabolite hydrotetrabenazine (HTBZ), has been approved for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia and, very recently, for chorea, which is associated with Huntington's disease. Despite numerous synthetic efforts dedicated to the synthesis of HTBZ, the industrial preparation of valbenazine uses dihydroisoquinoline as a starting material and the chiral resolution of racemic HTBZ derived from ketone reduction. Herein, we present a practical synthesis of HTBZ and valbenazine featuring a highly stereoselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition and enzymatic kinetic resolution. The cascade process includes cycloaddition, N—O bond cleavage, and lactamization, which proved to be operationally simple. The allure of the enzymatic resolution developed in this work offers a rapid access toward affording tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ)‐fused piperidine in the production of medically significant compounds, such as yohimbine and reserpine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, achieving both high efficiency and long‐term stability is crucial for the successful application of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Grain boundary (GB) defects significantly impact the stability of PSCs, and passivating these GBs remains a major challenge. Herein, the surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) is dissolved in low‐polarity chlorobenzene (CB) at 58 °C to modify the interface of MAPbI3 film, and DTAC reacts with MAPbI3 film surface to generate a protective layer that can be covered on the perovskite grains, effectively reducing the expose GBs. Additionally, the hydrophobic alkyl chains of DTA+ and the strong chemical bond between the Cl− and Pb2+ ions further enhance the resistance of the perovskite surface layer to heat, moisture, and oxidation. Due to the passivation of iodine vacancy defects, the photo‐stability of unencapsulated DTAC devices is significantly improved. By passivating surface and GBs defects of the MAPbI3 perovskite crystals, the power conversion efficiency of the low‐temperature carbon‐based PSCs treated by DTAC is 15.03% compared to 13.97% for the control device. This study offers another referable strategy for enhancing the thermal, moisture, light, and oxygen stability of perovskite materials while considering the photovoltaic performance of devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although it is well known that groundwater significantly influences the plant communities, there have been few studies on how the soil and plant communities respond to a rapid decline of groundwater in a short time affected by coal mining. This paper focuses on the examination of changes in groundwater depth before and after coal mining and the soil‐vegetation response in a typical semi‐arid grassland coal mine area of Hulunbuir Steppe, Northeastern China. The IsoSource model, based on the dual stable isotopes of δ D and δ18O, was employed to estimate groundwater contributions to shallow soil (0–100 cm) water under different groundwater depths. The results revealed that groundwater was the dominant water source (75.7% ± 17.1%) for shallow soil water when the groundwater depth is less than 4 m, indicating that 4 m is a threshold in groundwater depth, separating groundwater‐dependent, and precipitation‐driven vegetation system in the study area. Secondly, a strong nonlinear response was observed between vegetation species, height, coverage, and the decline in groundwater. The vegetation properties were found to be the lowest in the areas where groundwater depth increased from 1.5–4 m to 4–28 m before and after coal mining. Finally, the groundwater level decline in the mining area significantly influenced the groundwater‐dependent vegetation ecosystem, the soil cation exchange capacity and organic matter reduced lead to the degradation of plant communities and the transition of mesophytes to xerophytes. Besides, the soil‐vegetation system in the non‐groundwater‐dependent area has no obvious response to the groundwater decline. These results suggest that caution should be exercised when mining in groundwater‐dependent ecosystem regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has emerged as the third most prevalent and second deadliest cancer worldwide. Metabolic reprogramming is a key hallmark of cancer cells. Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is over‐expressed in multiple cancers, including CRC. Although the role of PHGDH in metabolism has been extensively investigated, its effects on CRC development remains to be elucidated. In the present study, it was demonstrated that PHGDH expression was significantly up‐regulated in colorectal cancer. PHGDH expression was positively correlated with that of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its target genes, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, in CRC cells. Knockdown of PHGDH reduced AhR levels and activity, as well as the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione. The selective AhR antagonist stemregenin 1 induced cell death through reactive oxygen species‐dependent autophagy in CRC cells. PHGDH knockdown induced CRC cell sensitivity to stemregenin 1 via the autophagy pathway. Our findings suggest that PHGDH modulates AhR signaling and the redox‐dependent autophagy pathway in CRC, and that the combination of inhibition of both PHGDH and AhR may be a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐powered and broadband photodetectors have important applications in modern technologies and have garnered significant research interest with the increasing concern for green and energy‐saving. The emerging 2D materials InSe is considered to be a promising candidate for next‐generation photodetectors due to the high carrier mobility, excellent photoelectric response, and flexibility. However, due to its weak absorption of infrared light, it remains a challenging task to achieve high‐performance, self‐powered, and broadband photodetection. Here, a MoTe2/InSe van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH) device is successfully constructed. Benefiting from the unique band alignment of the heterostructure, a strong built‐in electric field is formed. Excitingly, the device exhibits excellent photovoltaic performance with a large open voltage and short circuit current of 390.19 mV and 20.32 nA, respectively. In particular, in self‐powered mode, the responsivity (R) is up to 433.88 mA W−1 and the specific detectivity (D*) reaches 1.65 × 1012 Jones under 405 nm irradiation. Meanwhile, an ultrahigh Ilight/Idark ratio over 104, a fast response speed of 99/117 µs, and a broadband photoresponse range from 405 to 980 nm are achieved. The device demonstrates excellent comprehensive self‐powered photodetection performance. This work reveals the great potential of the MoTe2/InSe vdWH for high‐performance, broadband, and self‐powered photodetection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regeneration of bone defects in diabetic patients has always been a significant challenge in clinical treatment. The pathologic diabetic micromilieu, characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, cellular senescence, and chronic inflammation, compromises innate bone healing capacity. 3D cryo‐printing technology is utilized in bone tissue engineering to fabricate hierarchical porous scaffolds that promote a conducive microenvironment for cellular adhesion, migration, proliferation, and nutrient exchange. Nanozymes are used as synthetic mimics of natural enzymes to scavenge ROS, addressing the limitations of natural antioxidative enzymes. To remodel the diabetic bone regeneration micromilieu, a 3D cryo‐printed polyaryletherketone with carboxyl groups (PAEK‐COOH) and 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) hierarchical porous scaffold (PBG scaffold), harmonized with hybrid nanozymes comprising SS31‐enhanced manganese dioxide (MnO2)‐ferritin biomimetic nanozyme (MF@S nanozyme), is developed for combinatorial mitochondrial therapy. The MF@S nanozyme specifically targets mitochondria to enhance mitochondrial function, scavenge ROS accumulated in mitochondria, and suppress mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production, and thus rejuvenate aging cells, regulate macrophage polarization, and modulate differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This 3D cryo‐printed PBG‐MF@S hierarchical porous scaffold combines with a combinatorial mitochondrial therapy system to remodel the diabetic micromilieu and presents a promising therapeutic approach for the regeneration of bone defects in diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the charging cut‐off voltage (e.g., 4.6 V) to extract more Li ions are pushing the LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode to achieve a higher energy density. However, an inhomogeneous cycled bulk‐to‐surface Li distribution, which is closely associated with the enhanced extracted Li ions, is usually ignored, and severely restricts the design of long lifespan high voltage LCO. Here, a strategy by constructing an artificial solid–solid Li diffusion environment on LCO's surface is proposed to achieve a homogeneous bulk‐to‐surface Li distribution upon cycling. The diffusion optimized LCO not only shows a highly reversible capacity of 212 mA h g−1 but also an ultrahigh capacity retention of 80% over 600 cycles at 4.6 V. Combined in situ X‐ray diffraction measurements and stress‐evolution simulation analysis, it is revealed that the superior 4.6 V long‐cycled stability is ascribed to a reduced structure stress leaded by the homogeneous bulk‐to‐surface Li diffusion. This work broadens approaches for the design of highly stable layered oxide cathodes with low ion‐storage structure stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, characterization and comparison of the flame retardant performance were conducted for polylactic acid (PLA)/fiber composites featuring the incorporation of different flame retardants (APP, PAPP, and DMH). Based on the results obtained from the Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) test and cone calorimeter test, it is evident that the intumescent flame retardants (IFR) such as APP and PAPP exhibit better efficacy on improving flame retardancy than DMH. The LOI value of the APP/PLA/F and PAPP/PLA/F composite reaches 35.5% and 27.4%, higher than that of DMH/PLA/F (23.0%). The pk‐HRR of APP/PLA/F and PAPP/PLA/F decreases 27% and 39% compared with PLA/F while the char residue at 500°C was higher than that of DMH/PLA/F (0.3 wt%) with the value of 51.4 and 44.1 wt%. It should be mentioned that the impact strength and tensile strength of PLA/fiber composite incorporating APP surpasses that of PAPP/PLA/F, which is caused by good dispersibility of fabrics among the PLA matrix, coupled with the strengthened interfacial adhesion between the fibers and the polylactic acid matrix. In summary, APP/PLA/F shows the most overall performance. Highlights: Properties of PLA/fiber composites with various fire retardants were compared.APP/PLA/F obtained the best overall property while DMH/PLA/F had the worst.APP endows composites with excellent flame retardancy and mechanical property.The LOI value of APP/PLA/F was 35.3%, highest among four composites.Adding APP to PLA/F led to an increase in tensile strength and impact strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The G‐protein‐coupled human cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is a promising therapeutic target for pain management, inflammation, obesity, and substance abuse disorders. The structures of CB1‐Gi complexes in synthetic agonist‐bound forms have been resolved to date. However, the commercial drug recognition and Gq coupling mechanisms of CB1 remain elusive. Herein, the cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) structure of CB1‐Gq complex, in fenofibrate‐bound form, at near‐atomic resolution, is reported. The structure elucidates the delicate mechanisms of the precise fenofibrate recognition and Gq protein coupling by CB1 and will facilitate future drug discovery and design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]