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Issue Addressed: It is unknown whether SunSmart health promotion campaigns in Western Australia are still effectively reaching their target audience of young people (under 45 years). This study examined trends over time in awareness, relevancy and believability of SunSmart advertisements and identified socio‐demographic characteristics and risk factors associated with campaign awareness. Method: Linear regression and log‐binomial modelling were undertaken using data from the annual SunSmart post‐campaign evaluation surveys between 2008/2009 and 2021/2022. SunSmart campaigns were analysed and categorised into the following themes: (1) personal real‐life stories; (2) daily activities/sun exposure leads to skin cancer; or (3) cartoon/animated. Results: Between 2008 and 2022, there were declines in total awareness (74.2% to 20.4%), unprompted awareness (33.7% to 4.9%) and relevancy (89.5% to 54.8%) of SunSmart advertisements (representing annual percent decreases of 3.6%, 3.1% and 1.8%, respectively). However, believability remained high over time (>94% in each annual survey). Trends were inconsistent between the awareness of campaign themes and socio‐demographic characteristics and risk factors. Several campaigns had greater awareness in their subsequent years, compared with the first campaign year. Conclusion: In more recent years, SunSmart advertisements and campaigns may not have reached their target audience. In addition to socio‐demographic characteristics, particularly age, advertisement factors may also affect the awareness of specific campaigns. So What?: Given the changing advertising landscape and its rising costs, ongoing funding is pertinent to increase the reach of future SunSmart campaigns. Increasing advertisements on alternative platforms and designing campaigns which separately target adolescents and adults need to be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the relationship between emotions and charitable behavior in the context of pet charities. In particular, we examined the role of pet characteristics such as age, health status, signs of homelessness, and the animal being in the presence of a human as factors in a potential benefactors' emotional state (valence and arousal) that are associated with the willingness to donate. We conducted an online experiment in which participants (N = 54) voluntarily donated in response to being presented with pictures of dogs in various conditions. Emotional state was measured as self‐reported valence and arousal. Our findings showed that willingness to donate was higher when participants experienced unpleasant emotions with a high arousal. In addition, we found that animals' apparent sickness and signs of homelessness provoked larger donations, while age (adult or puppy) and being in the presence of a human did not affect charitable behavior. Our study contributes to the research on the effectiveness of charity appeals in the context of pet charities and complements the literature on human prosocial behavior in support of other species. The results have practical implications for the development of advertising on behalf of pet charities as they explore the impact of dogs' characteristics on donors' emotions and willingness to donate under ecologically valid conditions, in contrast to previous laboratory studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following calls for research to increase gender equality, we investigated women's intentions to pursue career opportunities, in the form of career development programs. We built on lack of fit and signaling theory to argue that women's but not men's pursuit of career opportunities would be influenced by recruiter gender and gender‐stereotypical wording in recruitment advertisements. We conducted two studies in Germany. In Study 1 (video‐based experiment with 329 university students), we found that when a male recruiter used stereotypically masculine compared to feminine wording, female students anticipated lower belongingness, expected lower success of an application, and indicated lower application intentions for career opportunities. These differences in female students' evaluations disappeared when the recruiter was female. While Study 2 (experimental vignette study with 545 employees) replicates the negative effects of masculine wording for female employees; the buffering effect of female recruiters was only replicated for younger, but not for older female employees. Women's anticipated belongingness mediated the relationship between advertisement wording and application intentions when the recruiter was male. Recruiter gender and wording had no effects on men. Our work contributes to a better understanding of when and why contextual characteristics in the recruitment process influence women's pursuit of career opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issues: Latvia has one of the highest alcohol per capita consumption in Europe. This study provides a narrative review of all evidence‐based population‐level alcohol control policies implemented in Latvia during the past 30 years. Approach: A review of country‐level alcohol control policies implemented in Latvia between 1990 and 2020 was conducted. The World Health Organization's "best buys" and other recommended interventions for alcohol control were used to guide the search. Key Findings: Alcohol control policies in Latvia have evolved significantly over the last three decades. The most changes to alcohol control policy occurred in the transitional period between regaining independence in 1991 and joining the European Union in 2004. A number of significant alcohol control policies have been implemented to reduce alcohol availability and affordability, to restrict alcohol marketing and to counter drunk‐driving. However, since 2010, when an increasing trend of alcohol consumption was observed, there has been a reluctance to pursue national public health policy actions to reduce alcohol consumption, and few adjustments to legislation to increase alcohol control have been made. Implications: Despite the progress in alcohol control, Latvia still has considerable potential for strengthening alcohol control to reduce the high levels of alcohol consumption. Conclusion: Although several alcohol control policies have been established in Latvia, many of the planned activities to limit alcohol intake and related harm have not been executed. Public health goals rather than political and economic incentives should be prioritised to reduce high levels of alcohol consumption in Latvia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of social media and the ubiquity of the Internet, recent years have witnessed the rapid development of online video advertising among publishers and advertisers. Video advertising, as a new type of advertisement, has gained significant research attention from both academia and industry, coinciding with the ever‐growing volume of online videos. In this research, we provide a comprehensive survey of online video advertising in the fields of social science and computer science. We investigate state‐of‐the‐art articles from 1990 to the present and provide a new taxonomy of extant research topics based on these articles. We also highlight the factors that cause advertising to affect people and the most popular video advertising techniques used in computer science. Finally, on the basis of the analytics of the surveyed papers, future challenges are identified and potential solutions to these are discussed. This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > MultimediaApplication Areas > Internet and Web‐Based Applications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic publishers now market their most prestigious journals as commercial brands. This paper investigates this trend in the scholarly publishing market, by analyzing how the successive owners of the journal Nature have capitalized on its reputation to generate additional profits to those already accumulated through university library subscriptions. Two branding strategies of the journal Nature are analyzed: the first one, product line extension, consists in extending the Nature brand in the same product category, by creating an ever‐increasing number of derived Nature journals; the second one, brand extension, consists in extending the Nature brand to other categories of products and services, such as academic rankings, sponsored supplements, feature advertisements, or webinars and trainings. The Nature brand leveraging strategy has been imitated by many other journal publishers. These branded products and services are well suited to the particular dynamics of the scientific field, which is based on the continuous quest for recognition. They are thus sold at all stages of the research cycle, from writing grants to popularizing research results, to scientists and academic institutions competing to accumulate symbolic capital. In this respect, academic publishers that engage in scholarly journal branding contribute to the transformation of the scientific 'community' into a scientific market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international growth of medical tourism requires hospital operators to adopt effective marketing practices to ensure survival and competitiveness. Although there is a burgeoning research on medical tourism, there is still limited knowledge about the roles of brand image and brand trust on medical tourists within the healthcare service context. This study investigates the influence of advertisements and social media communication on the hospital brand image and brand trust formation before consumption stage, and their impacts on medical tourists' perceptions and attitudes at the post‐consumption stage in relation to service quality, satisfaction, and behavioural intention. Data was collected from 294 Chinese medical tourists and a structural equation modelling technique was used for testing the hypotheses. The findings revealed that advertisements and social media communication positively influence medical tourists' perception of hospital brand image, which influences their trust towards the hospital's brand. It was also found that medical tourists' perceived value and trust towards the medical staff mediates the relationship between their perceived service quality and satisfaction. Overall, the study contributes to the literature by providing evidence and understanding on hospital branding formation and its influence on the perceptions and attitudes of medical tourists before and after the consumption of the healthcare service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates game‐theoretic approaches in a competitive supply chain model with imperfect production and a two‐tier credit facility under the environment of carbon emissions. In this environment, we incorporate a manufacturer and two rival retailers who compete against one another for selling price and advertisement of a product, where the members offer trade credit facilities to the downstream players. We consider that the manufacturer invests in green technology to curtail the emission during the production and rework process. The retailers provide advertisements to expand their businesses, where market demands are dependent on their selling prices, advertisement frequencies, and the green innovation level. Here, we analyze the model under the cap‐and‐trade policy for various subcases of the centralized and decentralized systems and discuss a solution algorithm for the optimal results. For the practical feasibility test of the model, numerical analysis is examined, and the impact of variations of the critical parameters is studied. The study's primary motive is to figure out the optimal operative strategies and collaborative actions on the decision variables, which leads to the profits of the supply chain to a lofty extent. We observe that the offered credit periods are highly responsive to the profit functions so that the chain members have to be more careful and draw a compact plan for credit policy. Moreover, the manufacturer has to invest in green technology up to a certain level, as, after that level, high investment costs will hamper the optimal profit. Besides, the retailers must have adequate policies for selling prices and advertisement frequencies to acquire a higher yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islamic financing products are modes of finance based on principles of profit and loss sharing, no interest and no remunerative betting or speculation. Islamic home financing is one such mode of financing which is based on ownership sharing or deferred payment arrangement with the bank, hence avoiding chances of interest and speculation. This study examines the factors that affect customers' decision in selecting Islamic home financing services. A quantitative research methodology was adopted to study the dynamics of Islamic home financing by determining the level of key factors in Pakistani consumer market. Using stratified random sampling technique, data was collected from 250 bank customers through five‐point Likert scale questionnaires. Various tests were applied to check the reliability, sampling adequacy and correlation. Multiple regression analysis was applied for hypothesis testing. The findings of the study reveal that the level of knowledge, media advertisement, bank reputation, product choices and Shariah compliance are the key factors for the Pakistani bank customers who selected Islamic home financing. More importantly, we find no significant impact of price and bank services on selection of Islamic home financing. The results of the study enable the Islamic banking professionals and managers to identify the factors that are most valuable to customers for the selection of Islamic home financing over conventional home financing modes. They are suggested to develop strategies and plans to educate people more about Islamic home finance and develop their product portfolio to provide people with more Shariah compliant choices. This study contributes to the Islamic banking literature by extending and identifying the factors of Islamic home financing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, in addition to the pandemic itself, a phenomenon called an 'infodemic'—defined by the World Health Organization as the spread of misleading information on the pandemic—has also gained attention. In the field of stem cell research, researchers and regulators have been fighting against false and misleading information, particularly advertisements for unproven and unauthorized stem cell–based interventions for decades. However, how existing legal and regulatory measures, which vary by country, can be employed to combat such false information is unclear. In this article, we examine the situation in China, where the spread of unauthorized stem cell 'therapies' has drawn patients from not only within China but also from abroad. First, we assess how and to what extent online advertisements promote unproven and unauthorized stem cell–based interventions directly to patients and prospective health consumers in China. Next, we survey the landscape for existing regulatory and administrative measures that may be used to combat false and misleading advertisements in this area. Finally, based on our analysis, we provide three main recommendations that may improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the regulatory measures in curtailing illegitimate advertising of unproven and unauthorized stem cell–based interventions in China. In conclusion, we also call for international collaboration among researchers and regulators in studying and strengthening regulations in this critical area that has so far been neglected in scholarly and policy discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has indicated that social exclusion can result in people becoming more focused on themselves than on others, and this may reduce their likelihood of engaging in prosocial behaviour. However, the question of how to promote prosocial behaviour in people who have experienced social exclusion remains. This study comprised two experiments that address this question in the context of donation advertising. Experiment 1 examined participants' donation intentions after experiencing social exclusion in a ball‐passing game. Experiment 2 followed the same design as Experiment 1, except that real‐life donation behaviour was measured. Consistent with prior findings, our results indicated that those who experienced social exclusion displayed lower donation intentions (Experiment 1) and donated less (Experiment 2) than did those who did not experience social exclusion. However, when those who experienced social exclusion watched advertisements that only portrayed alienated people, they showed as much donation intent as those who did not experience social exclusion (Experiment 1) and ultimately donated more (Experiment 2). These findings indicate that social exclusion may increase an individual's tendency to help others who also are alienated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While enabling women to embody fashionable trends and the idealised beauty of the period, cosmetics also offered a disguise, not only for ugly and ageing faces but for disease also. Taking examples from advertisements, cosmetic commentaries and Jonathan Swift's dressing-room poetry, this article demonstrates that, in the eighteenth century, cosmetics, fashion and disease are intimately linked to beauty and issues of morality by cultural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes elements for a psychoanalysis of advertisement and advertising messages. As a technique that has seen a recent boom, advertisement has been studied by multiple disciplines, including sociology, structural analysis, motivational studies, linguistics, and psychoanalysis. We insist on the analysis of the process of advertising communication, based on the hypothesis that 'advertisements are structured like dreams'. In this sense, advertisement would be subject to the same interpretation as unconscious formations. First, we address the question of how an advert can carry hidden meaning. Secondly, we analyze how an advert can be like a speech without an author. Thus, advertisement addresses the unconscious, which plays the role of purchasing advisor. It presents itself as a technique for the commercialization of conscious attention, the origins of which can be described by psychoanalysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objectives Male vocal displays play an important role in sexual selection in many species. If there are costs or constraints, calls may convey honest information about the caller. We studied the loud calls of male simakobu ( Simias concolor), a sexually dimorphic primate that resides in one-male groups, on Siberut Island, Indonesia. Materials and Methods We combined behavioral and ecological data with acoustic analysis to determine the influence of energy costs and status on calling effort. Based on all-day follows ( n = 107) and loud -call recordings ( n = 186), we determined how calling rates and durations varied in relation to short-term (time of day, temperature, travel distance) and long-term (fruit availability, physical condition) measures of energy availability and expenditure. Results We found that males avoided calling at the hottest times of the day, and produced shorter calls at higher temperatures, supporting the hypothesis that calls are influenced by thermoregulation costs. A peak of longer duration calls just before sunrise, however, could not be explained by energy constraints, but we hypothesize that this pattern is related to the fact that dawn calls occur in choruses, motivating males to call longer than their neighbors. Contrary to predictions, calling rates increased with decreasing fruit availability and did not appear to be energetically costly. Discussion We hypothesize that calling rates instead reflect strategies involving feeding and/or mate competition, signaling the motivation, rather than fighting ability, of the caller. Overall, results only weakly support the hypothesis that the timing and duration-but not rate-of simakobu loud calls are influenced by energy costs. Am J Phys Anthropol 161:44-52, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luxury goods symbolically represent social segregation and exclusion, thereby communicating superiority, exclusivity and distance. In three experiments, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to luxury advertisements in Chinese samples activates mental representations similar to those of social exclusion. Participants were more likely to perceive being rejected by models in the luxury advertisements than models in the non-luxury advertisements. Moreover, exposure to luxury advertisements increased participants' expectations of being rejected in a subsequent ambiguous social interaction. Finally, looking at luxury advertisements resulted in decreased life satisfaction, and this effect was more pronounced for participants with high rejection sensitivity than those with low rejection sensitivity. Overall, the results suggest that luxury advertisements evoke feelings of social exclusion in Chinese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper investigates when the brand is promoting a specific social role (as a friend or as a leader), whether the physical position of a brand image in relation to the customer's image influences brand evaluations. Two studies reveal that the match between the promoted social role and the visual representations of the brand and customer in the ad layout improves evaluations. When the brand is promoted as a friend to its customers, consumers evaluate it more positively if the image of the brand is located horizontally and near to the image of the customer. However, when the brand is promoted as a leader to its customers, consumers evaluate it more positively if the image of the brand is located above and far from the image of the customer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective. Evaluate enrollment numbers, randomization rates, costs, and cost-effectiveness of active versus passive recruitment methods for parent-child dyads into two pediatric obesity intervention trials. Methods. Recruitment methods were categorized into active (pediatrician referral and targeted mailings, with participants identified by researcher/health care provider) versus passive methods (newspaper, bus, internet, television, and earning statements; fairs/community centers/schools; and word of mouth; with participants self-identified). Numbers of enrolled and randomized families and costs/recruitment method were monitored throughout the 22-month recruitment period. Costs (in USD) per recruitment method included staff time, mileage, and targeted costs of each method. Results. A total of 940 families were referred or made contact, with 164 families randomized (child: 7.2±1.6 years, 2.27±0.61 standardized body mass index [zBMI], 86.6% obese, 61.7% female, 83.5% Caucasian; parent: 38.0±5.8 years, 32.9±8.4 BMI, 55.2% obese, 92.7% female, 89.6% caucasian). Pediatrician referral, followed by targeted mailings, produced the largest number of enrolled and randomized families (both methods combined producing 87.2% of randomized families). Passive recruitment methods yielded better retention from enrollment to randomization ( p<0.05), but produced few families (21 in total). Approximately $91 000 was spent on recruitment, with cost per randomized family at $554.77. Pediatrician referral was the most cost-effective method, $145.95/randomized family, but yielded only 91 randomized families over 22-months of continuous recruitment. Conclusion. Pediatrician referral and targeted mailings, which are active recruitment methods, were the most successful strategies. However, recruitment demanded significant resources. Successful recruitment for pediatric trials should use several strategies. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT00259324, NCT00200265 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and content of alcoholic beverage advertisements and sales promotions in magazines popular with adolescents and young people in Australia, and assess the extent to which the ads complied with Australia's self-regulatory Alcoholic Beverages Advertising Code (ABAC). Alcohol advertisements and promotions were identified in a sample of 93 magazines popular with young people. The identified items were coded against 28 measures constructed to assess the content of the items against the five sections of the ABAC. Two thirds of the magazines contained at least one alcohol advertisement or promotion with a total of 142 unique items identified: 80 were brand advertisements and 62 were other types of promotional items (i.e. sales promotions, event sponsorships, cross promotions with other marketers and advertorials). It was found that 52% of items appeared to contravene at least one section of the ABAC. The two major apparent breaches related to section B - the items having a strong appeal to adolescents (34%) and to section C - promoting positive social, sexual and psychological expectancies of consumption (28%). It was also found that promotional items appeared to breach the ABAC as often as did advertisements. It is concluded that the self-regulating system appears not to be working for the alcoholic beverages industry in Australia and that increased government surveillance and regulation should be considered, giving particular emphasis to the inclusion of promotional items other than brand advertising. [Donovan K, Donovan R, Howat P, Weller N. Magazine alcohol advertising compliance with the Australian Alcoholic Beverages Advertising Code. Drug Alcohol Rev 2007;26:73 - 81] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We tested for an association between nectar and various floral traits and investigated their roles as primary and secondary pollinator attractants in hummingbird-pollinated Silene virginica. Our goal was to gain insight into the mechanisms of pollinator-mediated selection that underlies floral trait divergence within the genus. In a field population of S. virginica, we measured five floral and eight vegetative traits and quantified nectar volume, nectar sugar concentration, and total sugar reward (nectar volume x nectar sugar concentration). All three components of nectar reward were positively correlated to flower size, and nectar volume varied significantly among individuals within the population. To ascertain whether the correlation of specific floral traits with nectar reward influences the behavior of the primary pollinator of S. virginica, the ruby-throated hummingbird, Archilochus colubris, we investigated whether A. colubris preferred the expression of floral traits associated with high nectar volume and total sugar reward. We accomplished this by constructing floral arrays consisting of artificial flowers that had equal nectar quantity and total sugar reward but that differed in petal area and corolla tube diameter, which were positively correlated with nectar quantity and total sugar reward in our field study. In observations of visitation frequencies to the various floral-trait combinations, hummingbirds preferentially visited artificial floral phenotypes with larger petal displays, with the greatest preference for floral phenotypes with both larger petals and wider corolla-tube diameters. This association between primary and secondary floral attractants and hummingbird discrimination of floral features supports the concept that the floral traits of S. virginica reflect pollinator-mediated selection by the principal pollinator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women with cardiovascular disease are treated less aggressively than men. The reasons for this disparity are unclear. Pharmaceutical advertisements may influence physician practices and patient care. To determine if female and male patients are equally likely to be featured in cardiovascular advertisements. We examined all cardiovascular advertisements from US editions of general medical and cardiovascular journals published between 1 January 1996 and 30 June 1998. For each unique advertisement, we recorded the total number of journal appearances and the number of appearances in journals’ premium positions. We noted the gender, age, race and role of both the primary figure and the majority of people featured in the advertisement. Nine hundred and nineteen unique cardiovascular advertisements were identified of which 254 depicted a patient as the primary figure. A total of 20%[95% confidence interval (CI) 15.3–25.5%] of these advertisements portrayed a female patient, while 80% (95% CI 74.5–84.7%) depicted a male patient,P < 0.0001. Female patient advertisements appeared 249 times (13.3%; 95% CI 8.6–18.9%) while male patient advertisements appeared 1618 times (86.7%; 95% CI 81.1–91.4%),P < 0.0001. Female patient advertisements also had significantly fewer mean appearances than male patient advertisements in journals’ premium positions (0.82 vs. 1.99,P = 0.02). Similar results were seen when the advertisements were analysed according to predominant gender.Despite increasing emphasis on cardiovascular disease in women, significant under-representation of female patients exists in cardiovascular advertisements. Physicians should be cognizant of this gender bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was aimed at determining the qualitative impact of broadcast media (radio and television) advertisement on the perception of medicines among the adult population in Nigeria. The study was carried out in Ibadan using a carefully designed and pretested questionnaire as the instrument for data collection after obtaining necessary ethical clearance. The study showed that broadcast media had a positive influence on the population. Both media were found to create awareness and enhance the existing level of awareness about over-the-counter (OTC) medicines in adults. The advertisements in both media did not adequately inform listeners about the risks and side effects of medicines (less than 25 per cent were better informed). For all classes of medicines, ie analgesics, blood tonics, cough preparations, anti-malarial, worm expellers and laxatives, most of the respondents (50--85 per cent) indicated that if they were in a position to recommend or determine what medicines others would use, the advertisements they were exposed to would play significant roles. Generally, television had more impact on the population than radio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the alcohol sponsorship in sports with commentary on the papers "Alcohol Industry Sponsorship and Hazardous Drinking Among Sportspeople," by K. S. O'Brien and K. Kypri and "No Ordinary Commodity--Research and Public Policy," by T. F. Babor and colleagues. O'Brien and Kypri discuss the relationship between alcohol use among sportspeople and alcohol industry sponsorship in sport. Babor and colleagues report on the affect of alcohol control policies on advertising and sports sponsorship.