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Fiber‐based products constitute a significant portion of plastic waste and cause environmental damage. In particular, discarded sanitary masks and fishing gear disintegrate into microfiber plastics, posing a significant threat to human health and ecosystems. In this study, we developed robust biodegradable nanocomposite fibers of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT)/cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (1 and 2 wt%) through dry‐jet wet spinning, by using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a common solvent. The control PBAT fibers exhibit remarkable mechanical performance with tensile strength and toughness of 160.0 MPa and 43.0 MJ m−3, respectively. CNC addition has a toughening effect with slightly reduced strength but enhanced toughness (148.8 MPa and 69.0 MJ m−3, respectively, for 2 wt% CNC); their mechanical performances are superior to those of previously reported PBAT‐based materials. The remarkable performance of the fibers is attributed to a highly oriented structure with a total draw ratio of 15 after post‐hot drawing. The control and nanocomposite fibers exhibit spot‐like patterns in 2D wide‐angle x‐ray diffraction patterns with Herman's orientation factor of 0.54–0.58. The theoretical Hansen solubility parameter confirmed the poor chemical affinity between the PBAT and CNC. Nonetheless, the rheological characterization revealed that well‐dispersed CNCs with DMSO produced a physical network in the PBAT matrix, resulting in the toughening effect. Such robust nanocomposite fibers consisting of fully biodegradable components are promising alternatives to nondegradable nylon and polyester fibers. Highlights: Robust biodegradable nanocomposite fibers of PBAT and CNC are prepared.Nanocomposite fibers are dry‐jet wet spun using DMSO as a common solvent.PBAT fibers exhibit strength and toughness of 160.0 MPa and 43.0 MJ m−3.2 wt% CNC toughens the PBAT fibers with an enhanced toughness of 69.0 MJ m−3.Rheological results confirm the toughening effect of well‐dispersed CNC in PBAT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urea oxidation reaction (UOR) has been utilized to substitute the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), to escalate the energy conversion efficiency in electrochemical hydrogen generation processes with denitrification of widespread urea in wastewater. This study reports breakthroughs in Ni‐based UOR electrocatalysts, particularly with NiFe oxalate (O‐NFF), derived from Ni3Fe alloy foam with prismatic nanostructures and elevated surface area. The O‐NFF achieves cutting‐edge performances, representing 500 mA cm−2 of current density at 1.47 V RHE and exceptionally low Tafel slope of 12.1 mV dec−1 (in 1 m KOH with 0.33 m urea). X‐ray photoelectron/absorption spectroscopy (XPS/XAS) coupled with density functional theory calculations unveil that oxalate ligands induce charge deficient Ni center, promoting stable urea‐O adsorption. Furthermore, Fe dopants enhance oxalate‐O charge density and H‐bond strength, facilitating C‐N cleavage for N2 and NO2− formation. The extraordinary UOR kinetics by the tandem effects of oxalate and Fe prevent Ni over‐oxidation, corroborated by operando XAS, minimizing OER interference. It agrees with an adaptive reconstruction to Fe‐doped β‐NiOOH on top surface in extended urea electrolysis with marginal loss in UOR kinetics. This findings shed light to bimetal‐organic‐framework as (pre)catalysts to improve industrial electrolytic H2 production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanoluminescence (ML) is luminescence induced due to mechanical stress, providing intuitive responses to strain‐related events. Piezoelectricity is the conversion of mechanical strain into electrical signals, offering a quantitative measurement of force/deformation. Combining ML and piezoelectricity within a single device provides a comprehensive understanding of mechanical events, providing qualitative and quantitative information about strain‐related phenomena. A ZnS:Cu/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite and a biocompatible silk fibroin/PDMS composite are prepared to generate ML and electrical signals, respectively. An innovative method for obtaining powder from silk fabrics is employed. The microstructure and composition of silk fibroin powder are also examined via X‐ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Mechanical stimuli such as pressure, stretching, twisting, bending, vibration, and rubbing are applied to the device to demonstrate optical and electrical responses. Under pressure, a voltage of 3.82 V and an output current of 201.6 nA are generated at a force of 1 N. Furthermore, a handwritten test is conducted to qualitatively visualize letters based on ML effects and explore the feasibility of using artificial intelligence to classify voltage signals generated during writing into their corresponding letters. This biocompatible, dual‐modal self‐powered sensor demonstrates broad applicability in wearable technology, biomechanics, human–machine interaction, security, and energy harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of red light‐emitting diode (LED) light irradiation (630 nm, 0.5 W/m2) and melatonin (10−8 and 10−7 M) on oxidative stress and physiological responses in abalones exposed to high temperatures (28°C) were investigated. Changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of melatonin receptor (MT‐R), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and antioxidant enzymes, as well as alterations in H2O2 levels in the hemolymph, were examined. The results revealed that high‐temperature‐stressed abalones treated with melatonin injections or exposed to red LED light showed a significant increase in MT‐R mRNA expression, while HSP70 mRNA expression decreased. Notably, HSP70 mRNA expression levels in the red LED light‐irradiated group were similar to those in the group injected with 10−8 M melatonin after 24 h exposure. Abalones treated with melatonin at 20°C or irradiated with red LED light exhibited decreased H2O2 levels and reduced antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression compared with those of the control group. However, the high‐temperature environment induced oxidative stress in abalones, leading to increased antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression compared with that under 20°C conditions. Moreover, abalones exposed to high‐temperature stress exhibited hepatopancreatic DNA damage, which was attenuated by melatonin treatment or red LED light irradiation. Hence, red LED light reduces oxidative stress, boosts antioxidant enzymes, and alleviates DNA damage in high‐temperature‐stressed abalones, akin to 10−8 M melatonin treatment. Therefore, considering the practical challenges of continuous melatonin administration to abalones, utilizing red LED light emerges as a practical, effective alternative to protect abalones from oxidative stress compared to 10−8 M melatonin treatment. Research Highlights: High‐temperature stressed abalone responses to melatonin and red light were assessed.Red LED light irradiation increased abalone antioxidant enzyme expression levels.Melatonin or red LED light treatment attenuated hepatopancreatic DNA damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a topical emollient in treating mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis (AD) in adolescents and adults. The study involved 100 participants and lasted for 24 weeks. The results showed that the group using the emollient had significant improvements in various measures compared to the placebo group. No safety concerns were reported. However, the study had limitations and further research is needed to explore other aspects of AD and the effects of the emollient. Overall, the emollient shows promise as a therapeutic option for long-term care of AD patients. [Extracted from the article]

Functional diversity research enhances our understanding of ecosystems and both their functioning and their responses to environmental variations. This study investigated the biological trait responses of benthic invertebrate communities to various environmental conditions in estuarine habitats. We analyzed benthic macroinvertebrate communities in freshwater and estuarine environments to compare their characteristics between estuary sites with and without artificial barriers. Moreover, we combined taxonomic analyses (species richness, abundance, and four community indices) with functional diversity indices and biological trait analyses. The major results are as follows: (i) the most important environmental factors shaping species distribution in estuarine habitats were salinity and electrical conductivity; (ii) comparing functional diversity indices, tidal estuaries revealed that seawater intrusion induced changes in species distribution and the dispersion of benthic macroinvertebrates; (iii) the presence or absence of artificial barriers in estuaries affected biological traits owing to the influence of specific functional strategies of certain species. Consequently, the presence or absence of artificial barriers in estuaries can lead to significant changes in habitat connectivity and functional diversity related to ecosystem functions. These findings indicate that the presence of artificial barriers can significantly influence the ecological dynamics of estuarine ecosystems, thereby affecting species distribution, functional diversity and habitat connectivity. Understanding these effects contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of ecosystem functionings, as it complements existing taxonomic findings and integrates information about the functional aspects of diverse ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative alkene functionalization reactions are a fundamental class of complexity‐building organic transformations. However, the majority of established approaches rely on electrophilic reagents that limit the diversity of groups that can be installed. Recent advances have established a new approach that instead relies on the transformation of alkenes into thianthrene‐derived cationic electrophiles. These linchpin intermediates can be generated selectively and undergo a diverse array of mechanistically distinct reactions with abundant nucleophiles. Taken together, this unlocks a suite of net oxidative alkene transformations that have been elusive using conventional strategies. This Minireview describes these advances and is organized around the three distinct synthons formally accessible from alkenes via thianthrenation: 1) alkenyl cations; 2) vicinal dications; 3) allyl cations. Throughout the Minireview, we illustrate how thianthrenium salts address key limitations endemic to classic alkene‐derived electrophiles and highlight the mechanistic origins of these distinctions wherever possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative alkene functionalization reactions are a fundamental class of complexity‐building organic transformations. However, the majority of established approaches rely on electrophilic reagents that limit the diversity of groups that can be installed. Recent advances have established a new approach that instead relies on the transformation of alkenes into thianthrene‐derived cationic electrophiles. These linchpin intermediates can be generated selectively and undergo a diverse array of mechanistically distinct reactions with abundant nucleophiles. Taken together, this unlocks a suite of net oxidative alkene transformations that have been elusive using conventional strategies. This Minireview describes these advances and is organized around the three distinct synthons formally accessible from alkenes via thianthrenation: 1) alkenyl cations; 2) vicinal dications; 3) allyl cations. Throughout the Minireview, we illustrate how thianthrenium salts address key limitations endemic to classic alkene‐derived electrophiles and highlight the mechanistic origins of these distinctions wherever possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hair cycle arrest (HCA) is a chronic alopecic disorder in dogs. Clinical responses vary and are often insufficient. Microneedling (MN) has been used as a successful treatment for HCA in dogs; ideal protocols have not yet been established. Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of three needle lengths for MN in dogs with HCA. Animals: Six unrelated client‐owned dogs, including five Pomeranians and one mixed‐breed dog, diagnosed with HCA. Materials and Methods: Individual alopecic sites were divided into three sections. For each section, different lengths of needles (1, 2 and 3 mm) were used. Efficacy and safety were evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months. Treated sections were monitored for 20 months. Results: Three months after treatment with 3 mm needles, all sections showed hair regrowth. There was no hair regrowth in two of six sections treated with 2 mm needles, and four of six sections did not show a response to treatment with 1 mm needles. Two dogs developed transient pruritus. Five of six dogs had recurrent hair loss between 5 and 16 months of follow‐up. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Microneedling using longer needles stimulated better hair regrowth in dogs with HCA. Alopecia relapsed in most dogs and minor pruritus occurred in some dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immediate and well‐documented benefits of carbohydrate restriction include improved glycemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Starch, a significant source of carbohydrates, is categorized as rapidly digestible, slowly digestible, or resistant starch (RS). RS, which is a non‐viscous fermentable fiber, has shown promise in animal studies for antidiabetic effects by improving glucose metabolism. Although the exact mechanism by which RS affects glucose metabolism remains unclear, it is expected to positively impact glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The fermentation of RS by colonic microbiota in the large bowel produces short‐chain fatty acids, which exert multiple metabolic effects on glucose regulation and homeostasis. Moreover, RS may influence glucose metabolism via bile acid modulation, independent of its fermentation. Diets rich in RS could aid in blood glucose homeostasis. However, it is uncertain whether they can alter the metabolic pathology associated with glucose regulation. In essence, RS has the potential to lower postprandial glucose levels similarly to a low‐glycemic index diet. Yet, its efficacy as a medical nutrition therapy for type 2 diabetes needs further investigation. To confirm the role of RS in glycemic control and to possibly recommend it as an additional dietary approach for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a well‐designed, large‐scale intervention is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) can lead to exercise limitations even without right ventricular (RV) dysfunction or pulmonary hypertension at rest. Combining exercise stress echocardiography with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (ESE‐CPET) for RV function and pressure changes combined measuring overall function may be useful for CTEPD evaluation. This study aims to investigate CPET and ESE results to elucidate the mechanisms of exercise limitation in mild CTEPD cases. Methods: Among our CTEPD registry, 50 patients who performed both right heart catheterization data of mild disease (less than 30 mm Hg of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP)) and ESE‐CPET were enrolled. Echocardiography and CPET‐derived parameters were compared with hemodynamic parameters measured through right heart catheterization. Results: Peak VO2 (maximal oxygen consumption) was decreased in overall population (71.3 ± 16.3% of predictive value). Peak VO2 during exercise was negatively correlate with mPAP and pulmonary vascular resistance at rest. A substantial increase in RV systolic pressure (RVSP) was observed during exercise (RVSP: pre‐exercise 37.2 ± 11.8 mm Hg, postexercise 64.3 ± 24.9 mm Hg, p‐value <.001). Furthermore, RV function deteriorated during exercise when compared to the baseline (RV fractional area change: 31.5 ± 10.0% to 37.8 ± 7.0%, p‐value <.001; RV global longitudinal strain: −17.1 ± 4.2% to −17.7 ± 3.3%, p‐value <.001) even though basal RV function was normal. While an excessive increase in RVSP during exercise was noticed in both groups, dilated RV and RV dysfunction during exercise were demonstrated only in the impaired exercise capacity group. Conclusion: CTEPD patients with mild PH or without PH exhibited limited exercise capacity alongside an excessive increase in RVSP during exercise. Importantly, RV dysfunction during exercise was significantly associated with exercise capacity. ESE‐CPET could aid in comprehending the primary cause of exercise limitation in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hair loss occurs due to various biological and environmental causes, which can have psychosocial consequences. The Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is well‐known for its role in hair growth and regeneration, as it induces the proliferation and differentiation of hair cells. When the leucine‐rich G protein‐coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) interacts with the R‐spondins, the frizzled receptor (FZD), a Wnt receptor, becomes stabilized, resulting in an increased β‐catenin activity. Aim: We investigated whether the octapeptide that binds to Lgr5 enhances proliferation and differentiation of human primary hair cells through the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Methods: The binding affinity of the octapeptide to Lgr5 was evaluated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We confirmed changes in proliferation and related factors like β‐catenin activation and growth factors (GFs) expression in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HHFDPCs). Additionally, we observed the proliferation and the expression of differentiation markers in human hair follicle outer root sheath cells (HHFORSCs), human hair follicle germinal matrix cells (HHFGMCs), and human hair follicle stem cells (HHFSCs). We used three‐dimensional HHFDPC spheroid culture treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to create in vitro conditions that mimic androgenetic alopecia, and we studied the effects of octapeptide on Wnt expression and HHFSC differentiation. Results: The binding of the octapeptide to Lgr5 was confirmed using SPR analysis. In HHFDPCs, treatment with octapeptide resulted in a concentration‐dependent increase in proliferation. We also observed increased nuclear translocation of β‐catenin and increased expression of its downstream targets. HHFDPCs treated with octapeptide exhibited increased expression of growth factors and phosphorylation of Akt and ERK. In addition, we confirmed that octapeptide increased proliferation and induced differentiation in HHFORSCs, HHFGMCs, and HHFSCs. Under the HHFDPC spheroid culture conditions, we found that octapeptide restored the inhibition of Wnt‐5a and Wnt‐10b expressions by DHT. In HHFSCs treated with HHFDPC spheroid culture media, we observed that octapeptide recovered the inhibition of differentiation by DHT. Conclusion: We found that octapeptides activated the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and induced the proliferation and differentiation of human primary hair cells by acting as an exogenous ligand for Lgr5. In addition, octapeptides recovered inhibited hair regeneration characters by DHT in androgenetic alopecia‐mimic in vitro model. These findings suggest that octapeptides may be a promising therapeutic option for treating hair loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Bariatric surgery can cause numerous functional changes to recipients, some of which are unintended. However, a systematic evaluation of wide‐angled health benefits and risks following bariatric surgery has not been conducted. We systematically evaluated published systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials and observational studies reporting the association between bariatric surgery and health outcomes. We performed subgroup analyses by surgery type and sensitivity analysis, excluding gastric band. Thirty systematic reviews and 82 meta‐analyzed health outcomes were included in this review. A total of 66 (80%) health outcomes were significantly associated with bariatric surgery, of which 10 were adverse outcomes, including suicide, fracture, gastroesophageal reflux after sleeve gastrectomy, and neonatal morbidities. The other 56 outcomes were health benefits including new‐onset diabetes mellitus (DM) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.19–0.79), hypertension (OR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.33–0.40), dyslipidemia (OR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.14–0.81), cancers (OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.53–0.80), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and women's health. Surgery is associated with reductions in all‐cause mortality and death due to cancer, DM, and CVD. Bariatric surgery has both beneficial and harmful effects on a broader than expected array of patients' health outcomes. An expansion of the indication for bariatric surgery could be discussed to include a broader population with metabolic vulnerabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Decreased kidney function is a putative risk factor for various cancers. However, few studies have investigated the association between a decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and incident pancreatic cancer. We aimed to investigate the risk of incident pancreatic cancer according to eGFR categories. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included 359 721 adults who underwent health checkups in 2009 or 2010 by using the Korean National Health Insurance Database. The study population was categorized into four groups by eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation: group 1 (eGFR < 45), group 2 (eGFR ≥ 45 to < 60), group 3 (eGFR ≥ 60 to < 90), and group 4 (eGFR ≥ 90). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the incidence of pancreatic cancer until 2019 by comparing the eGFR groups. Results: During the 3 493 589.05 person‐years of follow‐up, 1702 pancreatic cancer cases were identified. Compared with group 4 (eGFR ≥ 90), HRs and 95% CIs for the incidence of pancreatic cancer were 1.39 (1.24–1.56) for group 3 (eGFR ≥ 60 to < 90), 1.79 (1.47–2.16) for group 2 (eGFR ≥ 45 to < 60), and 2.05 (1.62–2.60) for group 1 (eGFR < 45) in the multivariate adjusted model. Conclusions: Decreased eGFR was significantly associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer in Korean population. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between a decreased eGFR and the risk of pancreatic cancer in other ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While evidence of hyperprogressive disease (HPD) continues to grow, the lack of a consensual definition obscures a proper characterization of HPD incidence. We examined how HPD incidence varies by the tumor type or the type of definition used. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science from database inception to June 21, 2022. Observational studies reporting HPD incidence, in patients diagnosed with solid malignant tumors and treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), were included. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed, and all statistical tests were 2‐sided. Results: HPD incidence was 12.4% (95% CI 10.2%–15.0%) with evidence of heterogeneity (Q = 119.32, p < 0.001). Meta‐regression showed that the risk of developing HPD was higher in patients with advanced gastric cancer (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 10.83; 95% CI, 2.14–54.65; p < 0.001), hepatocellular carcinoma (adjusted OR, 7.99; 95% CI, 1.68–38.13; p = 0.006), non‐small cell lung cancer (adjusted OR, 7.14; 95% CI, 1.58–32.29; p = 0.005), and mixed or other types (adjusted OR, 5.09; 95% CI, 1.12–23.14, p = 0.018) than in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Across definitions, HPD defined as a tumor growth kinetics ratio ≥ 2 (adjusted OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.08–3.07; p = 0.025) based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) reported higher incidence than when HPD was defined as RECIST‐defined progressive disease and a change in the tumor growth rate (TGR) exceeding 50% (∆TGR > 50). Conclusions: The incidence of immunotherapy‐related HPD may vary across tumor types and definitions used, supporting the argument for a uniform and improved method of HPD evaluation for informed clinical decision‐making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the potential therapeutic effects of quantum molecular resonance (QMR) for managing mild acne. The study involved two patients with mild acne who underwent QMR treatment. After three sessions of QMR, both patients experienced clearance of their acne lesions and improvement in fine wrinkles. The study suggests that QMR may have a therapeutic effect on mild acne and could be a noninvasive alternative for its management. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and confirm these findings. [Extracted from the article]

Metal halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention for light‐emitting diode (LED) applications due to their desirable optoelectronic properties including high brightness and color purity. However, the performance of blue perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) remains inferior to their red and green counterparts. Herein, an ionic liquid (IL), specifically 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate is introduced as the interlayer on the hole transport layer (HTL). This IL demonstrates a strong interaction with the perovskite emissive layer, resulting in effective defect passivation and a shallower valence band maximum. Consequently, nonradiative recombination is reduced, and hole injection is enhanced. Additionally, a soft lithography method employing a transfer process is successfully developed that enables precise micropatterning of the perovskite light‐emitting layer. Through these advancements, the IL‐modified PeLED exhibits pure blue emission at 470 nm with a maximum luminance of 891 cd m−2 and an impressive maximum EQE of 8.3%. Furthermore, the micro PeLED with an IL interlayer achieves a maximum luminance of 400 cd m−2 and a maximum EQE of 3.9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of polycythemia vera (PV) is important. The presence of JAK2 mutations is important in the diagnosis of PV, and serum levels of erythropoietin (EPO) also play a supporting role. However, serum EPO levels show some limitations. The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are a readily available marker of inflammation. Thus, we examined whether NLR & PLR might diagnose PV in erythrocytosis patients. We compared NLR & PLR and EPO diagnostic values. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical and laboratory data from two referral hospitals. Two hundred and eighty‐five patients with erythrocytosis who underwent a test for the JAK2 mutation were included. It wac classified as the PV group and the secondary polycythemia (SP) group. Results: The median NLR & PLR in the PV group (n = 70) was significantly higher than that in the SP group (n = 170) (NLR: 6.04 vs. 1.77, PLR: 283.18 vs. 101.56, respectively, p < 0.001). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve of NLR & PLR was significantly higher than that of serum EPO (NLR vs EPO: 0.921 vs. 0.827, p = 0.003; PLR vs EPO: 0.917 vs 0.827, p = 0.003). Conclusion: In conclusion, NLR & PLR were higher in PV than in SP and showed better diagnostic value than serum EPO level, highlighting their potential as minor diagnostic criteria in patients with PV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐capacity Li‐rich layered oxides using oxygen redox as well as transition metal redox suffer from its structural instability due to lattice oxygen escaped from its structure during oxygen redox and the following electrolyte decomposition by the reactive oxygen species. Herein, we rescued a Li‐rich layered oxide based on 4d transition metal by employing an organic superoxide dismutase mimics as a homogeneous electrolyte additive. Guaiacol scavenged superoxide radicals via dismutation or disproportionation to convert two superoxide molecules to peroxide and dioxygen after absorbing lithium superoxide on its partially negative oxygen of methoxy and hydroxyl groups. Additionally, guaiacol was decomposed to form a thin and stable cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer, endowing the cathode with the interfacial stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐capacity Li‐rich layered oxides using oxygen redox as well as transition metal redox suffer from its structural instability due to lattice oxygen escaped from its structure during oxygen redox and the following electrolyte decomposition by the reactive oxygen species. Herein, we rescued a Li‐rich layered oxide based on 4d transition metal by employing an organic superoxide dismutase mimics as a homogeneous electrolyte additive. Guaiacol scavenged superoxide radicals via dismutation or disproportionation to convert two superoxide molecules to peroxide and dioxygen after absorbing lithium superoxide on its partially negative oxygen of methoxy and hydroxyl groups. Additionally, guaiacol was decomposed to form a thin and stable cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer, endowing the cathode with the interfacial stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite advances in precision oncology, cancer remains a global public health issue. In this report, proof‐of‐principle evidence is presented that a cell‐penetrable peptide (ACP52C) dissociates transcription factor CP2c complexes and induces apoptosis in most CP2c oncogene‐addicted cancer cells through transcription activity‐independent mechanisms. CP2cs dissociated from complexes directly interact with and degrade YY1, leading to apoptosis via the MDM2‐p53 pathway. The liberated CP2cs also inhibit TDP2, causing intrinsic genome‐wide DNA strand breaks and subsequent catastrophic DNA damage responses. These two mechanisms are independent of cancer driver mutations but are hindered by high MDM2 p60 expression. However, resistance to ACP52C mediated by MDM2 p60 can be sensitized by CASP2 inhibition. Additionally, derivatives of ACP52C conjugated with fatty acid alone or with a CASP2 inhibiting peptide show improved pharmacokinetics and reduced cancer burden, even in ACP52C‐resistant cancers. This study enhances the understanding of ACP52C‐induced cancer‐specific apoptosis induction and supports the use of ACP52C in anticancer drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interface between dielectric and organic semiconductor is critically important in determining organic thin‐film transistor (OTFT) performance. Surface polarity of the dielectric layer can hinder charge transport characteristics, which has restricted utilization of polymeric dielectric materials containing polar functional groups. Herein, the electrical characteristics of OTFTs are analyzed depending on the alkyl chain length of organic semiconductors and surface polarity of polymer dielectrics. High‐performance dibenzothiopheno[6,5‑b:6′,5′‑f]thieno[3,2‑b]thiophene (DBTTT) and newly synthesized its alkylated derivatives (C6‐DBTTT and C10‐DBTTT) are utilized as organic semiconductors. As dielectric layers, non‐polar poly(1,3,5‐trimethyl‐1,3,5‐trivinylcyclitrisiloxane) (pV3D3) and poly(2‐cyanoethyl acrylate‐co‐diethylene glycol divinyl ether) [p(CEA‐co‐DEGDVE)] with polar cyanide functionality are utilized. The fabricated OTFTs with pV3D3 commonly exhibit the excellent charge transport characteristics. In addition, the OTFT performance is improved with lengthening the alkyl chain in organic semiconductors, which can be attributed to the molecular orientation of semiconductors. On the other hand, non‐alkylated DBTTT OTFTs with polar p(CEA‐co‐DEGDVE) show relatively poor electrical characteristics, while their performance is drastically enhanced with the alkylated DBTTTs. The ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) reveals that surface polarity of the dielectric layer can be abated with alkyl chain in organic semiconductors. It is believed that this study can provide a useful insight to optimize dielectric/semiconductor interface to achieve high‐performance OTFTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid metals, particularly non‐toxic gallium‐based alloys, have emerged as promising materials for future soft electronics due to their unique properties, including fluidity, excellent electrical and thermal conductivities, and surface reactivity. They demonstrate adaptability, responsivity, and self‐healing abilities, offering a platform for innovative electronic devices. Embodied in a droplet form factor, gallium‐based liquid metal droplets (LMDs) combine the traits of liquid metals with the advantages of miniaturized structures, including high surface tension, high surface area, high mobility, and surface functionalization. This review discusses the inherent properties of LMDs, which have driven substantial research interest across various fields, such as sensors, robotics, electronic circuits, energy harvesters, drug delivery, and microfluidics systems, among others. Effective fabrication and processing techniques are detailed for LMDs, illustrating their role in applications previously challenging with conventional materials, such as reconfigurable, self‐healing, and transient electronics. Existing challenges and future directions in this growing field are discussed. This extensive review seeks to further the understanding of LMDs and their potential, offering a roadmap for their journey from a niche interest to a key material in various electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebellar nodulus and uvula and their connections with the vestibular nuclei form the so‐called velocity‐storage circuit. Lesions involving the velocity‐storage circuit give rise to positional vertigo and nystagmus. Herein, we present a 32‐year‐old man with cerebellar nodulus and uvular hemorrhage who showed periodic vertigo and downbeat nystagmus in the supine position. To explain this unusual pattern, we adopted velocity‐storage model with a lesion on the neural connection between the gravity and inertia estimators, resulting in periodic neural impulses and a gravity bias in a specific position. This report expands the spectrum of central positional nystagmus due to dysfunction of the velocity‐storage mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study utilizing data from the large Danish COPSAC SB 2010 sb cohort, we found that high levels of 25(OH)D in early but not late childhood were associated with a reduced risk of AD, allergy, asthma exacerbations and infections during preschool-age with sex-specific associations. To the Editor, Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is linked to increased risk of atopic diseases and infections in childhood,[[1]] however, longitudinal follow-up studies to identify potential windows for interventions are lacking. Details of the study have been published.[5] The diagnostic criteria of persistent wheeze, asthma, asthma exacerbations, lung function, atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic sensitization, rhinitis and number of infections are outlined in the Supplementary Material together with details of the statistical analysis. [Extracted from the article]

Here,nonprecious high‐entropy chalcogenide glasses (N‐HECGs) consisting of Co, Fe, Ni, Mo, W, and Te are demonstrated in a first demonstration of acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). N‐HECGs electrocatalysts with high activity and stability are synthesized using a hierarchical hybrid approach based on a combination of electrochemical deposition and tellurization process. The as‐prepared CoFeNiMoWTe N‐HECGs electrocatalysts exhibit an amorphous, porous structure of arrayed nanosheets with abundant active sites and the increased valence states of metal cations due to the incorporated non‐metallic Te, enabling the enhancement of glass forming ability and the valence states of metal elements. Thanks to the combination of their unique geometrical and chemical structure, as well as high configuration entropy nature and high corrosion‐resistance ability, the resultant CoFeNiMoWTe N‐HECGs exhibit excellent acidic OER catalytic performance with a superior overpotential of 373 mV and outstanding stability of 100 h at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 m H2SO4. Moreover, the CoFeNiMoWTe‐based proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer is demonstrated to require a cell voltage of 1.81 V at 70 °C to obtain the practically high current density of 1 A cm−2, and exhibits remarkably long‐term stability for 100 h with small potential degradation of only 30 mV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to their unique optical and chemical properties, gold nanorods (AuNRs) are among the most frequently used nanomaterials for biomedical applications, including cancer therapy, imaging, and drug delivery. In particular, the longitudinal dipole plasmon wavelength of AuNRs can be verified from the visible to the near‐infrared (NIR) region, allowing AuNRs to be used as photodynamic/photothermal and imaging contrast agents. At the same time, the silica shell is important as it enhances stability and facilitates the functionalization and biocompatibility of AuNRs, offering numerous advantages in biomedical applications. In this review, silica‐coated AuNRs from a bioapplication perspective are focused. First, the importance of AuNRs for biomedical applications is explained and the purpose of silica coating on AuNRs is discussed. Then, recent studies on the development of silica‐coated AuNRs from a biomedical perspective are reviewed. Subsequently, various strategies for engineering silica coatings and their properties in the biomedical field are reviewed. This review is expected to promote further research on next‐generation silica‐coated AuNRs for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals of organic compounds containing multiple analogous substructures or mixtures pose a significant challenge to structural identification, thus resulting in frequent misassignment of structures. The GEMSTONE method, a single‐scan technique that selectively excites a specific proton signal among the crowded NMR signals, was recently proposed as a solution. However, its extension to the polarization transfer method for heteronuclear spin systems was unsuccessful. Herein, we present an extension method that addresses the altered heteronuclear polarization transfer efficiency and enables the acquisition of ultraselective 13C and 1H‐13C correlation NMR subspectra with hertz‐level signal selectivity in both dimensions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique in the structural analysis of a chromopeptide pharmaceutical and a diastereomeric mixture of a fungicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals of organic compounds containing multiple analogous substructures or mixtures pose a significant challenge to structural identification, thus resulting in frequent misassignment of structures. The GEMSTONE method, a single‐scan technique that selectively excites a specific proton signal among the crowded NMR signals, was recently proposed as a solution. However, its extension to the polarization transfer method for heteronuclear spin systems was unsuccessful. Herein, we present an extension method that addresses the altered heteronuclear polarization transfer efficiency and enables the acquisition of ultraselective 13C and 1H‐13C correlation NMR subspectra with hertz‐level signal selectivity in both dimensions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique in the structural analysis of a chromopeptide pharmaceutical and a diastereomeric mixture of a fungicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of 2‐(2‐bromoaryl)‐ and 2‐(2‐bromovinyl)benzimidazoles with cyclohexane‐1,3‐diones in DMF in the presence of reusable Fe3O4@SiO2@MOF‐199 along with L‐proline and Cs2CO3 afforded 2,3‐dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐f]phenanthridin‐4(1H)‐ones and 2,3‐dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]quinolin‐4(1H)‐ones, respectively, in moderate to good yields. Such C(sp2)−C coupled and cyclized scaffolds were aromatized to benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐f]phenanthridines and benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]quinolines in good yields by a one‐pot sequential treatment with NaBH4, POCl3/pyridine, and DDQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a molecular beacon‐based electrochemical biosensor with high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of microRNA‐21. A special oligonucleotide probe was prepared containing a nucleotide sequence complementary to miR‐21 and consecutively linking eight and six thymines to the 3′ and 5′ ends, respectively, to allow the formation of a T‐Hg2+‐T complex‐based molecular beacon on the electrode surface by the selective binding of Hg2+ ions. The introduction of multiple thymines at the end of the probe avoids base overlapping between the miRNA sequence and the molecular beacon formation sequence, enabling a universal probe design that can detect all types of miRNAs. A ferrocene moiety was attached to the 5′‐end of the specially designed probe as an electrochemical signal indicator. The molecular beacons are formed by six consecutive T‐Hg2+‐T pairs by Hg2+ addition, and the molecular beacons are destroyed by perfect hybridization between 22 bases as a result of miR‐21 addition. Based on this detection mechanism, we were able to detect miR‐21 with LODs of 0.64 pM and 1.08 pM in buffer solution and human serum, respectively. In addition, the specifically designed oligonucleotide probe showed perfect specificity in detecting only miR‐21 without binding to other miRNAs. Finally, the sensor showed excellent miR‐21 recovery ability from samples spiked into serum, indicating that the method described in this study worked perfectly, even in a turbid complex matrix such as human serum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new target that stimulates bone formation is needed to overcome limitations of current anti‐osteoporotic drugs. Myokines, factors secreted from muscles, may modulate it. In this study, we investigated the role of aortic carboxypeptidase‐like protein (ACLP), which is highly expressed in skeletal muscles, on bone formation. MC3T3‐E1 cells and/or calvaria osteoblasts were treated with recombinant N‐terminal mouse ACLP containing a signal peptide [rmACLP (N)]. The expression and secretion of ACLP were higher in skeletal muscle and differentiated myotube than in other tissues and undifferentiated myoblasts, respectively. rmACLP (N) increased bone formation, ALP activity, and phosphorylated p38 mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase in osteoblasts; reversal was achieved by pre‐treatment with a TGF‐β receptor inhibitor. Under H2O2 treatment, rmACLP (N) increased osteoblast survival, phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase, and the nuclear translocation of FoxO3a in osteoblasts. H2O2 treatment caused rmACLP (N) to suppress its apoptotic, oxidative, and caspase‐9 activities. rmACLP (N)‐stimulated osteoblast survival was reversed by pre‐treatment with a p38 inhibitor, a TGF‐β‐receptor II blocking antibody, and a FoxO3a shRNA. Conditioned media (CM) from muscle cells stimulated osteoblast survival under H2O2 treatment, in contrast to CM from ACLP knockdown muscle cells. rmACLP (N) increased the expressions of FoxO3a target anti‐oxidant genes such as Sod2, Trx2, and Prx5. In conclusion, ACLP stimulated the differentiation and survival of osteoblasts. This led to the stimulation of bone formation by the activation of p38 MAP kinase and/or FoxO3a via TGF‐β receptors. These findings suggest a novel role for ACLP in bone metabolism as a putative myokine.Aortic carboxypeptidase‐like protein (ACLP), which is highly expressed in skeletal muscles, stimulates osteoblast differentiation by activating p38 MAP kinase. Under oxidative stress, ACLP prevents osteoblast apoptosis by suppressing phosphorylated p66Shc and caspase‐9 activities and enhances osteoblast survival by increasing the expression of anti‐oxidant genes via P38 MAP kinase activation and nuclear translocation of FoxO3a. TGF‐β receptor mediates these ACLP actions in osteoblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite anodes of Li3PS4 glass+Li–Si alloy (Type 1) and Li3N+LiF+Li–Si alloy (Type 2) are prepared for all‐solid‐state batteries with Li3PS4 (LPS) glass electrolyte and sulfur/LPS glass/carbon composite cathode. Using a three‐electrode system, the anode and cathode potentials are separated, and their polarization resistances are individually traced. Even under high‐cutoff‐voltage conditions (3.7 V), Type 1 and 2 cells are stably cycled without voltage noise for >200 cycles. Although cathode polarization resistance drastically increases after 3.7 V charge owing to LPS oxidation, LPS redox behavior is fairly reversible upon discharge–charge unlike the non‐composite alloy anode cell. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis reveals that the enhanced cyclability is attributed to uniform Li–Si alloying throughout the composite anode, providing more pathways for lithium ions even when these ions are over‐supplied via LPS oxidation. These results imply that LPS‐based cells can be reversibly cycled with LPS redox even under high‐cutoff voltages, as long as non‐uniform alloying (lithium dendrite growth) is prevented. Type 1 and 2 cells exhibit similar performance and stability although reduction product is formed in Type 1. This work highlights the importance of alloy anode design to prevent chemo‐mechanical failure when cycling the cell outside the electrochemical stability window. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The incidence of fungal sinusitis is increasing; however, its pathophysiology has not been investigated previously. We investigate the effect of periodontitis on the incidence of fungal sinusitis over a 12‐year follow‐up period using nationwide population‐based data. Materials and Methods: The periodontitis group was randomly selected from the National Health Insurance Service database. The non‐periodontitis group was obtained by propensity score matching considering several variables. The primary end point was the diagnosis of sinonasal fungal balls (SFBs) and invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS). Results: The periodontitis and non‐periodontitis groups included 12,442 and 12,442 individuals, respectively. The overall adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for SFBs in the periodontitis group was 1.46 (p =.002). In subgroup analysis, the aHR for SFBs was 1.59 (p = 0.008) for those with underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD), 1.58 (p =.022) for those with underlying atopic dermatitis, 1.48 (p =.019) for those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 1.36 (p =.030) for those with diabetes mellitus (DM), but these values are applicable only when considering the relationship between periodontitis and SFB. The aHR for IFS in the periodontitis group was higher than in the non‐periodontitis group (2.80; p =.004). Conclusions: The risk of SFBs and IFS increased after diagnosis of periodontitis. This trend is often more severe in patients with DM, COPD, or CKD, but this association with underlying diseases is applicable only when considering the association between periodontitis and fungal sinusitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to assess the impact of probiotic supplementation in the broiler diet on growth performance, nutrient utilization, noxious gas emissions, excreta micromiota and meat quality. One thousand six hundred and twenty male Ross 380 broilers (one‐day‐old, body weight, 42 ± 0.5 g and 5‐week trial) were arbitrarily chosen and assigned to three nutritive treatments (basal diet and basal diet included with 0.1%, and 0.2% probiotic mixture [Bacillus subtilis 7.0 × 107 cfu/g, Bacillus licheniformis 4.1 × 107 cfu/g]) with 30 duplicates (18 birds each). Probiotic inclusion linearly increased (p < 0.05) broiler body weight gain (BWG) during Phases 1, 2 and the overall period and decreased (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) linearly on Phase 2 and the overall period. However, feed intake (FI) and mortality rate remained unaffected (p > 0.05). Though nutrient digestibility of nitrogen (N) tendency to increase (p < 0.05), dry matter (DM) and energy (E) did not influence (p > 0.05). Inclusion of a probiotic supplement linearly increased (p < 0.05) Lactobacillus and reduced Salmonella (p < 0.05) counts in broilers. Moreover, broilers fed a diet supplement with probiotic addition linearly decreased (p < 0.05) NH3, H2S, C2O and acetic acid emissions. The graded level of probiotic addition linearly reduced (p < 0.05) cooking loss and the tendency to decrease (p < 0.05) weight of bursa of Fabricius, but had no effect (p > 0.05) on other meat quality measures. These findings indicated that increasing the level of probiotics in feed could improve growth efficiency, nutrient absorption, microbial index, meat quality and reduce gas emissions in broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Square‐planar platinum (Pt)(II) complexes have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique luminescent properties, and the development of facile methods to control them is very important. A series of Pt(II) complexes containing a donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) isomer ligand (ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐position; Pt‐O, Pt‐M, and Pt‐P) is prepared to investigate the positional isomerism on the Pt(II) complex. In particular, the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer and ligand intramolecular charge transfer characteristics are examined depending on the positional isomer and compared with the donor‐free Pt(II) complex. All Pt(II) complexes observe slightly red‐shifted emission within 10 nm in the order of Pt‐O < Pt‐M < Pt‐P. Experimental data and theoretical calculations show that the Pt(II) complex lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level is controlled systematically by the donor position dependency. In particular, the small perturbation of the electronic state by positional isomerism in the single molecule induces significant phosphorescence color disparities of more than 82 nm in the solid‐state emission spectra and aggregation‐induced emission. The intriguing phosphorescent behavior is explained by the ligand‐dependent macroscopic molecular array with the Hirshfeld analysis. Consequentially, this paper reports a facile emission control method by the D–π–A ligand positional isomerism in the Pt(II) complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliability and lifetime estimation of implantable medical devices (IMDs) is one of the essential steps in their design and development. As any failure of IMDs can result in serious health risks for the patients, they should be guaranteed not to fail over their intended lifetime under the harsh body fluidic and chemical environments. Traditional leak tests are applicable to large cm‐scale IMDs, and they are often destructive, laborious, and costly. This paper presents an automated and wireless accelerated heat soak testing system to assess hermetic failure mechanisms in small mm‐sized inductively powered IMDs. A high‐throughput readout coil array printed circuit board can test hermeticity of multiple mm‐sized wireless IMDs simultaneously in a harsh environment (e.g., 45 °C/90% RH with an error range of ±0.2% for 18 days gage repeatability and reproducibility test). An accelerated heat soak test is performed to evaluate the electronic durability and estimate the lifetime of the IMDs. This work focuses on validating the proposed system interrogating with eight inductor–capacitor sensors, composed of an interdigitated capacitive sensor connected to an inductor patterned polyimide substrate, to examine hermetic failure mechanisms of parylene‐C encapsulation for wireless IMDs as well as broader miniature‐sized consumer electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aftermath of Urate-Lowering TheRApy in gout (ULTRA) registry: The first prospective observational multicenter cohort of Korean patients with gout The Urate-Lowering TheRApy in gout (ULTRA) registry is a recently established cohort that prospectively enrolls Korean patients with gout treated in multiple centers nationwide. Keywords: gout; registry; urate-lowering therapy EN gout registry urate-lowering therapy 1015 1018 4 06/14/23 20230601 NES 230601 Gout is now the most common inflammatory arthropathy in Korea. 9 La-Crette J, Jenkins W, Fernandes G, Valdes AM, Doherty M, Abhishek A. First validation of the gout activity score against gout impact scale in a primary care based gout cohort. [Extracted from the article]

Sarcopenia and obesity are emerging as major social problems. In this study, we examined whether Gryllus bimaculatus (GB), an edible insect, prevents dexamethasone‐induced muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) or high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity in mice. We generated a standard chow diet (SCD) + GB (85% SCD and 15% GB powder) and HFD + GB (85% HFD and 15% GB powder). SCD + GB feeding increased gains in body weight and white adipose tissue (WAT). Despite no difference in weight change between HFD + GB‐ and HFD‐fed mice, HFD + GB feeding aggravated insulin resistance compared with HFD feeding. SCD + GB or HFD + GB feeding did not change most gene expressions in the liver and WAT but did increase MyHC1 expression in the muscle, meaning that GB increased muscle generation. Therefore, we fed SCD + GB with dexamethasone, which induces muscle degeneration. As a result, muscle fiber size increased, as did grip strength compared with dexamethasone‐injected mice. In addition, SCD + GB reduced the expression of muscle degradation factors, such as atrogin1 and muscle RING‐finger protein 1 (MuRF1). Furthermore, SCD + GB feeding increased Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K phosphorylation and MyHC1 expression, meaning that it may have increased protein synthesis. In conclusion, GB has great potential for inhibiting dexamethasone‐induced muscle mass loss by increasing muscle protein synthesis and inhibiting muscle protein degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclopropanes are desirable structural motifs with valuable applications in drug discovery and beyond. Established alkene cyclopropanation methods give rise to cyclopropanes with a limited array of substituents, are difficult to scale, or both. Herein, we disclose a new cyclopropane synthesis through the formal coupling of abundant carbon pronucleophiles and unactivated alkenes. This strategy exploits dicationic adducts derived from electrolysis of thianthrene in the presence of alkene substrates. We find that these dielectrophiles undergo cyclopropanation with methylene pronucleophiles via alkenyl thianthrenium intermediates. This protocol is scalable, proceeds with high diastereoselectivity, and tolerates diverse functional groups on both the alkene and pronucleophile coupling partners. To validate the utility of this new procedure, we prepared an array of substituted analogs of an established cyclopropane that is en route to multiple pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclopropanes are desirable structural motifs with valuable applications in drug discovery and beyond. Established alkene cyclopropanation methods give rise to cyclopropanes with a limited array of substituents, are difficult to scale, or both. Herein, we disclose a new cyclopropane synthesis through the formal coupling of abundant carbon pronucleophiles and unactivated alkenes. This strategy exploits dicationic adducts derived from electrolysis of thianthrene in the presence of alkene substrates. We find that these dielectrophiles undergo cyclopropanation with methylene pronucleophiles via alkenyl thianthrenium intermediates. This protocol is scalable, proceeds with high diastereoselectivity, and tolerates diverse functional groups on both the alkene and pronucleophile coupling partners. To validate the utility of this new procedure, we prepared an array of substituted analogs of an established cyclopropane that is en route to multiple pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of quantum molecular resonance (QMR) as a noninvasive treatment for improving the aesthetic appearance of anterior axillary folds. The study involved two patients, both of whom experienced noticeable changes and were satisfied with the outcome after receiving QMR treatment. The authors hypothesize that enhancing lymphatic drainage through QMR may produce superior aesthetic results. The article provides an overview of the lymphatic system's role in aesthetic alterations and explains the mechanism of action of QMR. While the study has limitations, it suggests that QMR could be a promising noninvasive therapeutic option for improving the appearance of anterior axillary folds. [Extracted from the article]

Here, we report the 66-year-old woman with genetic-confirmed CADASIL presenting continuous chorea, and review movement disorders associated with CADASIL. Two cases of facial dystonia have been reported in a single family.[13] Only one report described the vascular chorea in CADASIL, a 58-year-old female with asymmetric chorea on the left hand and lip. Keywords: CADASIL; chorea; NOTCH3; movement disorders EN CADASIL chorea NOTCH3 movement disorders 1433 1435 3 09/29/23 20230901 NES 230901 Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common monogenic small vessel disease and presents various clinical manifestations, however, chorea has rarely been manifested. Chorea Associated with Genetic-Confirmed CADASIL. [Extracted from the article]

Most single‐image super‐resolution (SR) models suffer from the degradation of image restoration performance when restoring a high‐resolution (HR) image from a low‐resolution (LR) image downscaled using an unknown blur kernel. The spatially invariant blur kernel estimators have been proposed to predict the blur kernel to address this issue. Nevertheless, the spatially variant blur exists in the real‐world; thus, these blur kernel estimators are unsuitable for real‐world applications. Although the spatially variant blur kernel estimators have been proposed, SR models still suffer from performance degradation because these estimators do neither consider the consistency between surrounding blur kernels nor refine non‐parametric blur kernels as parameters. To address this problem, the authors propose a multiregression spatially variant blur kernel estimation based on inter‐kernel consistency. The proposed estimator consists of three parts: non‐parametric regression, an inter‐kernel consistency block, and parametric regression. Specifically, it predicts spatially variant blur kernels while considering the inter‐kernel consistency between nearby blur kernels. Our source codes with pretrained models are available on https://github.com/alsgur0720/multiregression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are considered the ultimate next-generation rechargeable batteries due to their high safety and energy density. However, poor Li-ion kinetics caused by the inhomogeneous distribution of the solid electrolytes (SEs) and complex chemo-mechanical behaviors lead to poor electrochemical properties. In this study, LiNi0gCo01Mn01O2 (NCM) (core) -- Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) SEs (shell) particles (NCM@LPSCl) are prepared by a facile mechano-fusion method to improve the electrochemical properties and increase the energy density of ASSBs. The conformally coated thin SEs layer on the surface of NCM enables homogeneous distribution of SEs in overall electrode and intimate physical contact with cathode material even under volume change of cathode material during cycling, which leads to the improvement in Li-ion kinetics without the increase in solid electrolyte content. As a result, an ASSBs employing NCM@LPSCl with 4 mAh cm-1 specific areal capacity exhibits robust electrochemical properties, including the improved reversible capacity (163.1 mAh g-1), cycle performance (90.0% after 100 cycles), and rate capability (discharge capacity of152.69, 133.80, and 100.97 mAh g-1 at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 C). Notably, ASSBs employing NCM@LPSCl composite show reliable electrochemical properties with a high weight fraction of NCM (87.3 wt%) in the cathode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halide perovskites have potential for use in next‐generation low‐cost, high‐efficiency, and highly color‐pure light‐emitting diodes (LED) that can be used in various applications, such as flat and flexible displays and solid‐state lighting. However, they still lag behind other mature technologies, such as organic LEDs and inorganic LEDs, in terms of performance, particularly brightness. This lag is partly due to the insulating nature of the long‐chain organic ligands used to control the perovskite‐film morphology. Herein, a 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid (IL) is incorporated as a potential additive with CsPbBr3 perovskite precursors, which results in a super‐bright green perovskite light emitting diode (PeLED) achieving a peak luminance of 3.28 × 105 cd m−2 only at a bias voltage of 6 V, with a peak external quantum efficiency of 13.75%. This achievement is the outcome of multirole support from IL that simultaneously enables superior control over the perovskite‐film morphology, passivates defects, modifies the band energy levels, and prevents ion migration. Hence, this work demonstrates IL as a novel alternative additive with the potential to outperform conventional long‐chain ligands in high‐performance PeLED device fabrication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic photodetectors (OPDs) with high photodetection abilities are essential requirements for ubiquitous light‐sensing devices. This work presents a simple nonfused ring electron acceptor (NFREA) named "TPDC‐4F" having optical bandgap of 1.42 eV, being designed as an efficient OPD via thickness control and additive engineering of the photosensitive layer. The optimized photosensitive layer composed of poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl‐3‐fluoro)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene))‐alt‐(5,5‐(1′,3′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐5′,7′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′‐c:4′,5′‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione))] (PM6) donors and TPDC‐4F acceptors shows a dramatically suppressed dark current of 3.55 × 10−9 A cm−2. Moreover, it shows improved photoelectric properties and fast charge transfer even though the photosensitive layer thickness is as large as 330 nm. OPDs based on the 330‐nm‐thick PM6:TPDC‐4F with 1‐chloronaphthalene additive exhibit a high specific detectivity (D*) of 1.27 × 1013 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at 800 nm and a linear dynamic range of 122 dB under a bias of −0.1 V. The device also exhibits fast rise and fall times of 6.81 and 5.41 µs, respectively. This work demonstrates that the NFREA‐based OPDs offer competitive device performance compared to those based on fused‐ring electron acceptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LiTT) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for intractable mesial temporal epilepsy (mTLE). LiTT is safe and effective, but seizure outcomes are highly variable due to patient variability, suboptimal targeting, and incomplete ablation of the epileptogenic zone. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence that can identify potential epileptogenic foci in the mesial temporal lobe to improve ablation and seizure outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate whether ablation of tissue clusters with high ADC values in the mesial temporal structures is associated with seizure outcome in mTLE after LiTT. Methods: Twenty‐seven patients with mTLE who underwent LiTT at our institution were analyzed. One‐year seizure outcome was categorized as complete seizure freedom (International League Against Epilepsy [ILAE] Class I) and residual seizures (ILAE Class II–VI). Volumes of hippocampus and amygdala were segmented from the preoperative T1 MRI sequence. Spatially distinct hyperintensity clusters were identified in the preoperative ADC map. Proportion of cluster volume and number ablated were associated with seizure outcomes. Results: The mean age at surgery was 37.5 years and the mean follow‐up duration was 1.9 years. Proportions of hippocampal cluster volume (p =.013) and number (p =.03) ablated were significantly higher in patients with seizure freedom. For amygdala clusters, the proportion of cluster number ablated was significantly associated with seizure outcome (p =.026). In the combined amygdalohippocampal complex, ablation of amygdalohippocampal clusters reliably predicted seizure outcome by their volume ablated (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.7670, p =.02). Significance: Seizure outcome after LiTT in patients with mTLE was associated significantly with the extent of cluster ablation in the amygdalohippocampal complex. The results suggest that preoperative ADC analysis may help identify high‐yield pathological tissue clusters that represent epileptogenic foci. ADC‐based cluster analysis can potentially assist ablation targeting and improve seizure outcome after LiTT in mTLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Parkinson's disease (PD) with glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene mutation (GBA‐PD) is known to show more rapid clinical progression than sporadic PD without GBA mutation (sPD). This study was performed to delineate the specific patterns of cortical hypoperfusion, dopamine transporter uptake and cardiac meta‐iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake of GBA‐PD in comparison to sPD. Methods: Through next‐generation sequencing analysis targeting 41 genes, a total of 16 GBA‐PD and 24 sPD patients (sex, age matched) were enrolled in the study, and the clinical, dual‐phase [18F]‐N‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐2β‐carboxymethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl) nortropane (18F‐FP‐CIT) positron emission tomography (PET) and cardiac 123I‐MIBG scintigraphy results were compared between the two groups. Results: The GBA‐PD group had higher rates of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, orthostatic hypotension and neuropsychiatric symptoms than the sPD group. Early‐phase 18F‐FP‐CIT PET showed significantly lower standard uptake value ratio on bilateral posterior parietal cortex (0.94 ± 0.05 vs. 1.02 ± 0.04, p = 0.011) and part of the occipital cortex (p < 0.05) in the GBA‐PD group than the sPD group. In striatal dopamine transporter uptake, the regional standard uptake value ratio, asymmetry index and caudate‐to‐putamen ratio were similar between the two groups. The GBA‐PD group had a lower heart‐to‐mediastinum uptake ratio in 123I‐MIBG scintigraphy than the sPD group. Conclusions: The GBA‐PD patients showed decreased regional perfusion in the bilateral posterior parietal and occipital cortex. Cardiac sympathetic denervation and non‐motor symptoms (orthostatic hypotension, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder) were more common in GBA‐PD than sPD. These findings suggest that GBA‐PD patients have more widespread peripheral (extranigral) α‐synuclein accumulation, representing a body‐first PD subtype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]