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This review consolidates the evidence supporting endogenous HNO generation through enzymatic and non‐enzymatic pathways, emphasizing advancements in real‐time HNO sensing within living systems. Azanone (nitroxyl, HNO) is the one‐electron‐reduced congener of nitric oxide (NO•) and shares various biological actions. HNO exhibits unique properties, including positive inotropic and lusitropic effects, along with resistance to scavenging by reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly superoxide. Research on HNO has intensified over the last two decades, focusing on its reactivity and the prospect of endogenous formation due to its potential significance. The high reactivity of HNO arises from reactions with biologically relevant species such as oxygen, NO•, and thiols, as well as self‐dimerization. Detecting and quantifying HNO has posed challenges, initially relying on nitrous oxide (N2O) detection, a byproduct of dimerization. Recent advancements, including fluorescent probes and a specific electrochemical nanomolar‐level sensor, have facilitated direct detection, enhancing understanding of HNO reactivity and formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the historical roots of metalworking to the forefront of modern nanotechnology, functional materials have played a pivotal role in transforming societies, and their influence is poised to persist into the future. Encompassing a wide array of solid‐state materials, spanning semiconductors to polymers, molecular crystals to nanoparticles, functional materials find application in critical sectors such as electronics, computers, information, communication, biotechnology, aerospace, defense, environment, energy, medicine and consumer products. This feature article delves into diverse instances of functional materials, exploring their structures, their properties and the underlying mechanisms that contribute to their outstanding performance across fields like batteries, photovoltaics, magnetics and heterogeneous catalysts. The field of structural sciences serves as the cornerstone for unraveling the intricate relationship between structure, dynamics and function. Acting as a bridge, it connects the fundamental understanding of materials to their practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of his youthful sixth decade, this work is dedicated to Prof. Dr. Fabio Doctorovich. He is distinctive in organometallic chemistry. During his successful career, he has been studying the reactivity and application of metalloporphyrins. Metalloporphyrins are organometallic complexes that exhibit, through synthetic modifications, the ability to tune their optical and electrochemical properties and their selectivity towards a particular molecule or ion. For this reason, they are systems extremely useful as electrochemical sensors to detect and quantify a wide variety of analytes with high selectivity, even in real samples such as food, water, biological fluids, or pharmaceutical compounds. This review presents an up‐to‐date list of reports in which metalloporphyrins are used as electrochemical sensors. In addition to compiling a comprehensive and up‐to‐date list of reported sensors that utilize metalloporphyrins, this work aims to provide an overview of currently available tools and techniques for the detection of various chemical species through similar approaches, which are constantly being developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Update on Endogenous HNO Production: An Exploration of Unanswered Questions and Challenges" in the European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry discusses the biological function of HNO and its generation in living organisms. The article presents various mechanistic proposals for the production of HNO, categorized as enzymatic or non-enzymatic. The importance of HNO in medicine, particularly in cardiovascular health, is highlighted, emphasizing its potential. Additionally, the article mentions that HNO levels in plant leaf cells can vary in response to developmental processes and environmental factors. The full details can be found in the review by P. Vargas, F. A. Doctorovich, and S. A. Suarez. [Extracted from the article]

Sucker rods are a key element in certain oil‐extraction processes as they link the motor group on the surface with the pumps located downhole. During the transport from the production site toward the extraction well, these components are prone to corrosion. A hydrophobic carbon nanotube (CNT) coating, deposited via electrophoretic deposition (EPD), is proposed as a protective layer, shielding the rods from harsh environmental conditions. Three different coating systems are considered and thoroughly characterized (depending on the additive that is used to deposit the CNT), namely, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (Mg–Nit), triethylamine (TEA), and a duplex coating (DD). The latter presents an approach which combines the advantages of each additive, mechanical stability from Mg–Nit and strong hydrophobicity from TEA (near superhydrophobic). The former coatings are further processed to overcome their individual shortcomings, resulting in an increase in the coating's stability for TEA coating, as well as transforming the hydrophilic Mg–Nit surface into a hydrophobic surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presented here are the synthesis, characterization and study (using single crystal X‐ray diffraction, Raman scattering, quantum mechanics calculations) of the structures of a series of biphenyls substituted in positions 3, 3′, 4 and 4′ with a variety of R (R = methyl, acetyl, hexyl) groups connected to the biphenyl core through oxygen atoms. The molecular conformation, particularly the torsion angle between aromatic rings has been extensively studied both in the solid as well as in the liquid state. The results show that the compounds appearing as rigorously planar in the solid present instead a twisted conformation in the melt. The solid versus melt issue strongly suggests that the reasons for planarity are to be found in the packing restraints. A 'rule of thumb' is suggested for the design of biphenyls with different molecular conformations, based on the selection of the OR substituent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lack of access to emergency and essential surgery is widespread in low- and middle-income countries. Scarce anesthesia services contribute to this unmet need. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the Every Second Matters for Emergency and Essential Surgery-Ketamine (ESM-Ketamine) package for emergency and essential procedures when no anesthetist was available. Methods: From November 2013 to September 2017, the ESM-Ketamine package was used for patients requiring emergency or life-improving surgeries in fifteen selected facilities across Kenya when no anesthetist was available. A mixed-methods approach was used to assess safety and feasibility of the ESM-Ketamine package, including demand, acceptability, and practicality. The primary outcome was ketamine-related adverse events. Key-informant interviews captured perceptions of providers, hospital administrators, and surgeons/proceduralists. Results: Non-anesthetist mid-level providers used ESM-Ketamine for 1216 surgical procedures across the fifteen study facilities. The median ketamine dose was 2.1 mg/kg. Brief (<30 s) oxygen desaturations occurred in 39 patients (3%), and prolonged (>30 s) oxygen desaturations occurred in seven patients (0.6%). There were 157 (13%) reported cases of hallucinations and agitation which were treated with diazepam. All patients recovered uneventfully, and no ketamine-related deaths were reported. Twenty-seven key-informant interviews showed strong support for the program with four main themes: financial considerations, provision of services, staff impact, and scaling considerations. Conclusions: The ESM-Ketamine package appears safe and feasible and is capable of expanding access to emergency and essential surgeries in rural Kenya when no anesthetist is available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Electrochemistry; Macromolecules; Metal-organic frameworks; Metalloporphyrins; Sensors; Transition metals EN Electrochemistry Macromolecules Metal-organic frameworks Metalloporphyrins Sensors Transition metals 1 1 1 06/15/23 20230613 NES 230613 B The Front Cover b shows an engaging platform for electrochemical sensor development: Metalloporphyrins. Front Cover: Versatile Metalloporphyrin-Based Electrochemical Sensing Applications: From Small Gasotransmitters to Macromolecules (Eur. J. Inorg. Electrochemistry, Macromolecules, Metal-organic frameworks, Metalloporphyrins, Sensors, Transition metals. [Extracted from the article]

Nickel matrix composites are produced with concentrations of 0.5-10 vol% of carbon nanotubes (CNT), onion-like carbon (OLC), or nanodiamonds (nD) as reinforcement phase by hot pressing. The effect of the carbon nanoparticle (CNP) type and concentration on the microstructure is analyzed. Grain sizes are measured and a model is adapted to predict the observed grain refinement for all CNP. The individual saturation concentration and maximum achievable grain refinement differs (for CNT: 3 vol%, OLC: 6.5 vol% and nD: 10 vol%), which is correlated to the agglomerate diameter distribution. This can be traced back to different hybridization states and different particle geometries, therefore providing valuable information for CNP-reinforced Metal matrix composites to a general extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reinforcement distribution has a major influence on composite material behavior. This work presents a method to quantitatively analyze the reinforcement distribution homogeneity in metal matrix composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes. The method is based on the statistical two-dimensional analysis of the CNT cluster distribution within defined regions. A subsequent analysis of the material hardness allowed a correlation to the homogeneity, highlighting the influence of the CNT distribution. This analysis provides a straightforward and objective assessment of the reinforcement distribution, applicable to other types of composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study of a molecular compound in relation to low-melting salts of nido- and closo-cage anions having alkylpyridinium and dialkylimidazolium cations. It discusses the characteristics of the compound which are found similar to a pyridinium salt in a perchlorinated carborane anion. Also mentioned is the involvement of one N-butylpyridinium cation that one perchlorinated carborane cage anion counterbalanced per asymmetric unit in the compound's molecular structure.

The mechanical behavior of a metastable stainless steel is studied by spherical nanoindentation, as a function of crystallographic orientation of its austenitic grains. The residual imprints are analyzed by electron backscattered diffraction (inverse pole figure, phase and geometrically necessary dislocation maps) and atomic force microscopy. Results showed that austenite grains with the most common crystallographic orientations display similar elasto‐to‐plastic transition, being the dislocation activity by the Frank‐Read source the main deformation mechanism. However, the amount of dislocations generated during indentation testing strongly depends on the crystallographic orientation. No evidence of stress‐induced phase transformation is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrected order of the authors is as reflected in this erratum. Sebastian Suarez and Ayla Senay are co-second authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the association between social capital (SC) and the physical and psychological impact of multiple sclerosis (MS)., Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among people with MS (pwMS) at The Royal London Hospital, London, UK. Participants completed a survey including the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 (MSIS-29), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the self-reported EDSS and a SC questionnaire (SCQ). The SCQ assessed personal relationships, social support networks, civic engagement, and trust and cooperative norms. Kendall's tau correlation test was performed to measure the correlation between SC and MSIS-29 scores, and multiple linear regressions were conducted to find the best outcome prediction model., Results: 236 pwMS participated in the study. Median age was 43.5 years (IQR 35-52). Of the total, 168 (71.2%) were female and 180 (76.3%) had relapsing-remitting MS. Median MSIS-29 scores were 23.7 (IQR 8.8-57.5) for the physical scale and 38.9 (IQR 16.7-55.6) for the psychological scales. Total SC scores were significantly correlated with the MSIS-29 physical (τb = -0.09, P = .02) and psychological scores (τb = -0.23, P < .001). After adjusting for possible confounders, the "personal relationships" domain had a significant effect on the MSIS-29 physical scores (β = -2.70, SE = 1.34; P = .045). Total SC (β = -1.08, SE = 0.33; P = .001) and the "personal relationships" (β = -2.60, SE = 1.20; P = .031) and "trust and cooperative norms" (β = -1.40, SE = 0.61; P = .024) domains had a significant effect on the MSIS-29 psychological scores., Conclusions: Higher levels of SC were associated with lower physical and psychological impact of MS. Emerging evidence on SC and its effects on MS should be translated into interventions designed to promote the health and well-being of pwMS., (© 2020 The Authors. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The mol-ecular structure of the title compound, [Zn(CH(3)COO)(2)(C(12)H(12)N(2))], consists of isolated mol-ecules bis-ected by a twofold rotation axis which goes through the Zn(II) cation and halves the organic base through the central C-C bond. The Zn(II) ion is coordinated by two N atoms from one mol-ecule of the aromatic base and four O atoms from two bidentate, symmetry-related acetate anions, which coordinate asym-metrically [Zn-O distances of 2.058 (2) and 2.362 (3) Å], while the two Zn-N bond distances are equal as imposed by symmetry [2.079 (2) Å]. The crystal structure is supported by a number of weak C-H⋯O inter-actions and C-H⋯π contacts, with no π-π inter-actions present, mainly hindered by the substituent methyl groups and the relative mol-ecular orientation. The result is a three-dimensional structure in which each mol-ecule is linked to eight different neighbors.

The title compound, C(4)H(6)N(2)S(3), has two very similar mol-ecules per asymmetric unit. The nine non-H atoms in each mol-ecule are coplanar, both having comparable r.m.s. deviations of 0.002 Å. The main inter-est in the rather simple structure resides in a survey of very weak (in some cases, borderline) non-bonding inter-actions of various kinds, viz. S⋯S, C-H⋯π, π-π [centroid-centroid distance = 3.8958 (13) Å] and C-S⋯π [3.7271 (11) Å], which act as the major driving force for the arrangement of mol-ecules in the structure. The role of long, though highly directional, S⋯S contacts (d > 3.60 Å), and their relevance to the stability of the structure is discussed.

In the title compound, C(14)H(14)N(2)OS(2), the furan ring exhibits rotational disorder over two orientations, with an occupancy ratio of 0.508 (7):0.492 (7). The furan and phenyl rings form dihedral angles of 8.2 (6) (major occupancy component), 14.8 (6) (minor occupancy component) and 73.65 (9)°, respectively, with the central residue (C(4)N(2)S(2)), indicating a twisted conformation for the mol-ecule. The methyl group and the thione S atom are syn and the conformation about the imine bond is E. In the crystal, C-H⋯π inter-actions involving the phenyl ring are observed.

In the title compound, C(10)H(12)N(2)OS(2), the thione and S-methyl groups are syn. An intra-molecular bifurcated O-H⋯(S,N) hydrogen bond occurs.

In the title compound, C(20)H(14)ClP, the dihedral angle between the naphthyl rings is 81.77 (6)°. The crystal packing suggests weak π-π stacking inter-actions between the naphthyl rings in adjacent units [minimum ring centroid separation 3.7625 (13) Å].