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Background: Hyponatraemia is a prevalent electrolyte disturbance observed in critically ill patients. The rapid correction of low plasma sodium levels by continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) carries the risk of developing osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS), which can be prevented by implementing an individualized CRRT method. Aim: This study aims to introduce a CRRT protocol for the safe and gradual correction of severe hyponatraemia. Study Design: This retrospective case series study was conducted in an intensive care unit (ICU). All four patients with severe hyponatraemia (<125 mmol/L) and renal failure between October 1, 2022, and September 30, 2023, were treated by CRRT with sterile water and regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA). Data on patient demographics, laboratory biochemical parameters, urine outputs and CRRT‐related adverse events were collected. Laboratory parameters and urine outputs were compared by paired t‐tests before and after CRRT. Results: After CRRT, sodium levels were significantly increased (112.7 ± 6.7 vs. 141.9 ± 2.8 mmol/L, p =.005). Abnormal urine outputs, potassium, creatinine and bicarbonate were corrected (p for all <.05). Safe and gradual correction of hyponatraemia and internal environmental dysregulation was achieved in all patients without any complications related to CRRT, particularly ODS. Conclusion: It is a novel and simple strategy to correct severe hyponatraemia effectively while ensuring the safety of patients that can be easily implemented by experienced nurse staff. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The sterile water‐based protocol for postfilter dilution is safe to correct severe hyponatraemia with RCA and can be easily performed by experienced critical care nurses according to the precalculated formula. CRRT‐trained, experienced ICU nurses are competent to initiate and adjust sterile water infusion discretely to prevent overcorrection of hyponatraemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Xuanwei ham is a kind of traditional meat product with unique flavour along with abundant of bioactive peptides. This study was to investigate the in vitro stability of bioactive peptide extract from dry‐cured Xuanwei hams and its anti‐inflammatory effect in RAW264.7 cells. Firstly, the Xuanwei ham peptides (XHPs) were extracted and then tested in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced macrophage cell model. Furthermore, the XHPs were exposed to different pretreatments including heating, acid‐base environment and simulated gastrointestinal digestion to evaluate their inflammatory regulation capacity. The heating temperature and pH did not show significant effects on the anti‐inflammatory capacity of XHPs, whereas the secretion of NO and TNF‐α was not suppressed after heating at 100 °C for 60 min. After digestion, the numbers of free amino acids and short peptides were enhanced significantly and the XHPs showed better inhibitory effect on LPS‐induced NO and TNF‐α secretion. Overall, the heating and pH treatment had no significant influence on the stability of XHPs but the anti‐inflammatory effect was enhanced after the simulated gastrointestinal digestion along with the releasing of novel bioactive peptides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main observation and conclusion: Based on the redox reactions of Togni‐II reagent and thiols, a thiol‐tuned selective functionalization of unactivated olefins was disclosed. In combination with aryl thiols, stoichiometric amount of Togni‐II reagent prompted a hydrotrifluoromethylation of alkenes, in which, aryl thiols played as reductant and hydrogen source; while by utilization of alkyl thiols, catalytic amount of Togni‐II reagent initiated thiol‐ene and thiol‐yne reactions. The reported applications are characterized by their operational simplicity and wide functional group tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main observation and conclusion: Based on the redox reactions of Togni‐II reagent and thiols, a thiol‐tuned selective functionalization of unactivated olefins was disclosed. In combination with aryl thiols, stoichiometric amount of Togni‐II reagent prompted a hydrotrifluoromethylation of alkenes, in which, aryl thiols played as reductant and hydrogen source; while by utilization of alkyl thiols, catalytic amount of Togni‐II reagent initiated thiol‐ene and thiol‐yne reactions. The reported applications are characterized by their operational simplicity and wide functional group tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study is to reveal characteristics of a rising bubble in quiescent mineral oil. Three air‐injection nozzles with outlet diameters of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mm were selected. Consecutively rising bubbles were produced as air was injected into mineral oil. Bubble visualization was implemented using the high‐speed photography technique. Bubble images captured were processed using an in‐house code to calculate the equivalent bubble diameter and the bubble velocity. The computational fluid dynamics technique was used to simulate flows around the rising bubble. The bubble trajectory, the bubble aspect ratio, and the bubble velocity were compared among the three nozzles. Correlations between nondimensional parameters were constructed. The results show that the bubble motion in mineral oil is stabilized in comparison with that in deionized water. Spherical and ellipsoidal shapes are prevalent. The bubble trajectory is rectilinear, which is independent of the nozzle outlet diameter. After the bubble separates from the nozzle, the equilibrium state is promptly attained. Smooth bubble evolution is ascribed to suppressed wake vortices immediately downstream of the bubble. Small nozzle outlet diameter is responsible for high aspect ratio but small Eötvös number. Values of the Weber number are much smaller than those associated with deionized water. The drag coefficient descends continuously with increasing Reynolds number (Re); the correspondence between the drag coefficient and Re is explicitly sensitive to the nozzle outlet diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]