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Polymorphism‐dependent cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of drug molecules have been studied for the past two decades. However, the visualization of polymorph‐dependent cellular uptake and cytotoxicity using microscopy imaging techniques has not yet been reported. The luminescent polymorph is an ideal candidate to validate the above hypothesis. Herein, we report the polymorph‐dependent cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and bio‐imaging functions of polymorphs 1Y and 1R of a naphthalimide‐phenothiazine dyad. These polymorphs show different luminescence colors in the solid state and exhibit aggregation‐induced enhanced emission (AIEE) in the DMSO‐Water mixture. Bioimaging, cytotoxicity assay, and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) studies revealed that these polymorphs show different levels of cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, localization, and imaging potential. Detailed photophysical, morphological, and biological studies revealed that the difference in molecular conformation in these polymorphs enables them to form aggregates of different sizes and morphology, which leads to the differential uptake of these into the cells and consequently shows different cytotoxicity and imaging potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecules with curved architecture can exhibit unique optoelectronic properties due to the concave‐convex π‐surface. However, synthesizing negatively curved saddle‐shaped aromatic systems has been challenging due to the internal structural strain. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of two polyhexagonal molecular systems, 1 and 2, with saddle shape geometry by judiciously varying the aromatic moiety, avoiding the harsh synthetic methods as that of heptagonal aromatic saddle systems. The unique geometry preferences of B, N, and S furnish suitable curvature to the molecules, featuring saddle shape. The saddle geometry also enables them to interact with fullerene C60, and the supramolecular interactions of fullerene C60 with 1 and 2 modify their optoelectronic properties. Crystal structure analysis reveals that 1, with a small π‐surface, forms a double columnar array of fullerenes in the solid state. In contrast, 2 with a large π‐surface produces a supramolecular capsule entrapping two discrete fullerenes. The intermolecular interactions between B, N, S, and the aryl‐π surface of the host and C60 guest are the stabilizing factors for creating these supramolecular structures. Comprehensive computational, optical, and Raman spectroscopic studies establish the charge transfer interactions between B−N doped heterocycle host and fullerene C60 guest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecules with curved architecture can exhibit unique optoelectronic properties due to the concave‐convex π‐surface. However, synthesizing negatively curved saddle‐shaped aromatic systems has been challenging due to the internal structural strain. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of two polyhexagonal molecular systems, 1 and 2, with saddle shape geometry by judiciously varying the aromatic moiety, avoiding the harsh synthetic methods as that of heptagonal aromatic saddle systems. The unique geometry preferences of B, N, and S furnish suitable curvature to the molecules, featuring saddle shape. The saddle geometry also enables them to interact with fullerene C60, and the supramolecular interactions of fullerene C60 with 1 and 2 modify their optoelectronic properties. Crystal structure analysis reveals that 1, with a small π‐surface, forms a double columnar array of fullerenes in the solid state. In contrast, 2 with a large π‐surface produces a supramolecular capsule entrapping two discrete fullerenes. The intermolecular interactions between B, N, S, and the aryl‐π surface of the host and C60 guest are the stabilizing factors for creating these supramolecular structures. Comprehensive computational, optical, and Raman spectroscopic studies establish the charge transfer interactions between B−N doped heterocycle host and fullerene C60 guest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report the design, synthesis, structure, and electrochemical study of doubly βC−B−N fused Ni(II) porphyrins (1‐trans, 1‐cis, 2‐trans, and 2‐cis). These compounds have been synthesized from A2B2 type dipyridyl Ni(II) porphyrins (Ar=Ph for 1 a; Ar=C6F5 for 2 a) via Lewis base‐directed electrophilic aromatic borylation reactions. The solution state structures of these compounds have been established using 1H NMR, 11B NMR, 1H‐1H COSY, 1H‐13C HSQC, and 19F‐13C HSQC NMR techniques. Single crystal X‐ray analysis have revealed that 1‐trans, 1‐cis, and 2‐trans adopt ruffled conformations, with alternate meso‐carbons on the opposite sides of the mean porphyrin plane. The Soret bands in the absorption spectra of the B−N fused molecules are ~40 nm redshifted compared to unfused Ni(II) porphyrin precursors. The B−N fusion have diminished the redox potential of fused porphyrins. Although 1‐trans and 1‐cis, show four oxidation processes, 2‐trans and 2‐cis show only three oxidation processes. DFT studies have revealed that the tetrahedral geometry of the boron has induced a twist in the π‐conjugation, which destabilizes the HOMO and stabilizes the LUMO in 1‐trans, 1‐cis, 2‐trans, and 2‐cis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CdS‐based materials are extensively studied for photocatalytic water splitting. By incorporating Ag+ into CdS nanomaterials, the catalyst's charge carrier dynamic can be tuned for photo‐electrochemical devices. However, photo‐corrosion and air‐stability of the heterostructures limit the photocatalytic device's performance. Here, a one‐pot, single molecular source synthesis of the air‐stable AgCdS ternary semiconductor alloy nanostructures by heat‐up method is reported. Monoclinic and hexagonal phases of the alloy are tuned by judicious choice of dodecane thiol (DDT), octadecyl amine (ODA), and oleyl amine (OLA) as capping agents. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and powder X‐ray diffraction characterization of the AgCdS alloy confirm the monoclinic and hexagonal phase (wurtzite) formation. The high‐resolution TEM studies confirm the formation of AgCdS@DDT alloy nanorods and their shape transformation into nano‐triangles. The nanoparticle coalescence is observed for ODA‐capped alloys in the wurtzite phase. Moreover, OLA directs mixed crystal phases and anisotropic growth of alloy. Optical processes in AgCdS@DDT nano‐triangles show mono‐exponential decay (3.97 ± 0.01 ns). The monoclinic phase of the AgCdS@DDT nanorods exhibits higher electrochemical hydrogen evolution activity in neutral media as compared to the AgCdS@ODA/OLA alloy nanocrystals. DDT and OLA‐capped alloys display current densities of 14.1 and 14.7 mA cm−2, respectively, at 0.8 V (vs RHE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the synthesis, structure, room temperature phosphorescence, and magnetic chiroptical properties of phosphoramides 1‐6 with donor–acceptor architecture are reported.5). The electronic interactions between donor phenothiazine (PTZ) and acceptor (C6H5)n‐P = X (n = 1, 2; X = O, S, and Se)moieties in 1–6 are modulated by varying the number of donor units. The Lewis acidity of the phosphorus center is controlled by the nature of heteroatoms and the number of phenyl moieties attached to it. All compounds exhibit phosphorescence in the solid state under ambient conditions with a photoluminescence lifetime in the millisecond range (≈8–40 ms). The energy of the phosphorescence bands and their excited state lifetimes are governed by the P=X units. The phosphorescence features observed for 1–6 are in complete contrast to the observations noted for (PTZ)3P = X (X = O, S, and Se), where the phosphorescence process is completely controlled by the PTZ moiety, and there is a negligible contribution from the P = X moiety. Thus, the present and earlier studies together reveal that the steric crowding and the number of C6H5 moieties around the P = X unit play a crucial role in controlling the electronic coupling between the donor and acceptor moieties in phosphoramides containing non‐planar donor moieties. Furthermore, for the first time, the magnetic chiroptical properties of achiral phosphoramides 1–6, exhibiting a luminescence dissymmetry factor (gMCPL) in the order of 10−3 (≈4.0 × 10−3–7.4 × 10−3) are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) features of BINOL‐decorated cyclotriphosphazenes (CPs) are reported for the first time. The luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) of these compounds in chloroform solutions and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) thin films with wt 1 % doping concentrations are found to be 1.0×10−3, and 2.9×10−3, respectively. However, no CPL signal is observed for the pristine solids. The enantiomers (CP‐(R)/CP‐(S)) show ultraviolet photoluminescence (~350–360 nm) in solution and the solid state. These compounds show ~10 times larger absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) than the simple BINOLs in the solutions state. In the solid state, CP‐(R) shows larger PLQY than binaphthol‐(R); in contrast, the S enantiomer shows lower PLQY than binaphthol‐(S); this indicates that the isomer‐dependent solid‐state packing of these compounds plays a crucial role in controlling the PL. Thin films with more than 1 % doping concentration and pristine solids of these compounds do not show persistent room‐temperature phosphorescence (pRTP) due to concentration‐caused quenching. However, thin films with wt 1 % of these chiral emitters exhibit pRTP characteristics with a ~159‐343 ms lifetime under vacuum. Theoretical calculations reveal that the cyclophosphazene acts as an optically innocent dendritic core, and the optical features of these compounds are dictated by the pendent BINOL chromophore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate the room temperature tribophosphorescence from a simple anthracene boronic ester, 9‐(pinacolboryl)anthracene (1). Both 1 and 9,10‐bis(pinacolboryl)anthracene (2) show fluorescence and delayed emission at room temperature in the solid‐state. Under mechanical stress, 1 displays tribophosphorescence. In contrast, 2 shows mechanofluorochromism under similar conditions. Detailed optical, computational, and crystal structural studies are carried out to rationalize the tribophosphorescence characteristics of 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation is to find a prolonged or delayed drug release system, exclusively for the treatment of hepatitis‐B to reduce the side effects, which arise when conventional solid dose forms are administered. To pursue this goal, lamivudine‐loaded Eudragit‐coated pectin microspheres have been formulated employing water/oil (W/O) emulsion evaporation strategy. The formulation was optimised using a 34 factorial design. A drug to polymer ratio of 1:2, the surfactant of 1 ml, the volume of 50 ml of processing medium with a stirring speed of 2500 rpm were found to be the optimal parameters to obtain the lamivudine‐loaded Eudragit‐coated pectin microspheres formulation with a high drug entrapment efficiency of 89.44% ± 1.44%. The in vitro release kinetics of lamivudine was a suitable fit to the Higuchi model, indicating a diffusion‐controlled release with anomalous transport. The obtained microspheres were then subjected to different characterisation studies, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results of this study clearly indicate that Eudragit‐coated pectin microspheres could be the promising controlled release carriers for colon‐specific delivery of lamivudine in the presence of rat cecal content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the design, synthesis, optical properties, and mechanofluorochromism characteristics of a series of conjugates having covalently linked triarylborane (TAB) and anil/boranil units (TAB‐anil: 1 a–3 a and TAB‐boranil: 1–3) are reported. The electronic interactions between TAB and anil/boranil in 1 a–3 a and 1–3 were fine‐tuned by changing the boryl moiety's position on the phenyl spacer connecting the BMes2 (Mes=mesityl) and anil/boranil units. A boryl moiety at the meta position (1 a) of the phenyl spacer stabilizes the enolic form (E‐OH), whereas a boryl moiety at the para position (2 a and 3 a) stabilizes the keto form (Z‐NH) in the solid state. However, in solution 1 a, 2 a, and 3 a exhibit keto–enol tautomerism in both ground and excited states. Compounds 1 a–3 a and 1–3 show red‐shifted absorption compared with 4 a and 4, which are devoid of TAB moieties, which indicate effective participation of an empty p orbital on the boron center in 1 a–3 a and 1–3. Compounds 1 and 2 showed fluorescence variations in response to external stimuli such as mechanical grinding. Long phosphorescence lifetimes of 18–46 ms were observed for compounds 1–3. The observed optical properties of 1 a–3 a and 1–3 are rationalized in the context of quantum mechanical calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

External stimuli‐responsive luminogens have attracted a lot of attention in the recent years owing to their potential applications in various fields such as sensing, bio‐probes, and optical devices. In this work, the design and synthesis of a new class of external stimuli‐responsive anthracene based fluorescent bis‐(anthryl)boryl anilines 1 and 2 are disclosed. The electronic and optical properties of these compounds are fine‐tuned by varying the amine donor strength. Using steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescnece studies in both solution and condensed state together with computational studies (both ground and excited state), it is established that both 1 and 2 exhibit molecular motion dependent emission characteristics. Owing to their molecular conformational flexibility and inherent charge transfer characteristics, 1 and 2 show intriguing optical features such as aggregation induced emission enhancement, viscochromism, temperature sensing, and mechanoluminescence as compared to structurally rigid tris(9‐anthryl)boron without amine donor moieties. These unique properties of 1 and 2 are utilized for detecting local viscosity and temperature sensing over a wide range from 190–300 K. Compound 2 emits pure white light ((Commission internationale de l'éclairage) CIE 0.33, 0.33) at 250 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we disclose a series of purely organic molecules (1–4) with a donor‐acceptor architecture (phenothiazine donor (D) and the acyl acceptor (A)) exhibiting room temperature dual phosphorescence (RTDP) characteristics. Detailed computational and photophysical studies revealed that the dual RTP bands with different wavelengths and lifetimes in these compounds originate from excited triplet states of different energies. In particular, the electronic nature of the substituent on the acceptor acyl unit has a significant effect on the energy of the ICT state, hybridization of excited states, as well as the rate of intersystem crossing. Compound 1 with an electron‐deficient CF3−CO acceptor moiety exhibit RTDP in the longer wavelength region. In contrast, compounds 2, 3 and 4 with weaker acceptors (2; CH3−CO, 3; CH3−CH2−CO and 4; (CH3)2−CH−CO) exhibit RTDP in a shorter wavelength region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design and development of stable blue emitters are challenging owing to their potential applications in displays and lighting technologies. Triarylborane (TAB) with suitable donors has been extensively exploited in several fields. We report herein the synthesis and structural characterization of a simple 2‐(dimesitylboryl)‐1H‐pyrrole (2) and its precursor N‐Boc‐(dimesitylboryl)‐pyrrole (1). In the crystal lattice of 2, supramolecular dimer was formed by strong N−H–π (2.59 Å) hydrogen bonding interactions between the monomers and this dimer is further connected by weak van der Waals interactions (C−H–π) with neighbouring dimers to form a supramolecular network. There is no solvatochromism noted in the absorption spectra, however significant positive solvatochromism was observed in the fluorescence spectra; points to the polar nature of excited state of 1 and 2. Compound 2 showed intense and efficient blue color luminescence in the solid state than that of 1. Thus, N−H–π interactions and π‐excessive nature of pyrrole are responsible for the above features. Impressively, compounds 1 and 2 exhibit the phosphorescence emission with a long‐lived lifetime of ∼0.55 s at 77 K and delayed fluorescence at room temperature. DFT/TD‐DFT calculations were performed to support the experimental observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typically, molecules with a twisted donor–acceptor (D‐A) architecture have been exploited for constructing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials. Herein, we report the first example of a thiophene‐based thermally activated delayed fluorescent molecule without a D‐A architecture. Compound 1 (2,5‐bis(2,2‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)vinyl)thiophene) is conformationally flexible and shows weak fluorescence in the solution state but displays bright TADFin both condensed and solid states. Compound 1 crystallized in two different polymorphs (1 a and 1 b). Interestingly, both polymorphs show distinctly different TADF features. The broad spectral features and the TADF characteristics of 1 have been explored for the time‐dependent multicolor (green, yellow and red) imaging of living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid‐state luminescence of organic dyes is an elusive frontier, and understanding and designing solid‐state stimuli‐responsive materials is not trivial. "Mechanoluminescence" (ML) or "triboluminescence" (TL), which is associated with fracture or force‐initiated luminescence from a material, is currently attracting new interest. Fracturing the surfaces of organic crystals ordered in noncentrosymmetric space groups can electronically excite the surface and neighboring molecules through piezo‐ or pyroelectric effects, and this can result in luminescence when the molecules relax back to their ground states. The combined duration of these two consecutive phenomena leads to force‐generated luminescence or TL. Although TL has been known for a very long time, examples of TL‐active materials are scarce, but are increasing as synthetic and characterization procedures develop. The question is now whether the relatively rare phenomenon of TL needs to be reevaluated to obtain a broader understanding of the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A photoredox‐catalyst‐ and template‐free sunlight‐induced molecular dimerization of a vinylpyridine‐functionalized tetraarylaminoborane (TAAB) has been accomplished for the first time. The reaction is quantitative, highly regioselective, and thermally irreversible. The presence of the propeller‐shaped TAAB framework allows selective photodimerization of one of the two vinyl pyridine units. Monomer 1 and photodimer 2 exhibit distinct photophysical properties with delayed fluorescence (DF) both in solution and the solid state, which was confirmed by steady‐state and time‐resolved luminescence studies. Quantum mechanical calculations were performed to support the experimental observations. Our new approach using [2+2] cycloaddition chemistry paves the way for the development of highly sought‐after deep‐blue DF materials. True blue: By utilizing BN/CC isosterism and topochemistry, visible‐light‐induced photodimerization of vinylpridine‐appended tetraarylaminoborane (TAAB) was accomplished within a record low reaction time of 1 h without the need for a photoredox catalyst or template. Both the monomer and photodimer exhibit distinctive photophysical properties with deep‐blue delayed fluorescence (DF) features in solution and in the solid state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design, synthesis and aggregation-induced emission properties of a new series of triarylborane-oligothiophene-dicyanovinyl (DCV) conjugates 4- 6 (A-D-A' type molecular configuration) are reported. The optical properties of 4- 6 can be modulated by judiciously varying the number of thiophene units between electron deficient boryl and dicyanovinyl units. Compound 6 with terthiophene spacer showed highly red-shifted absorption and emission compared to 5 and 4 with bithiophene and monothiophene spacers, respectively. Compounds 5 and 6 show aggregation-induced emission enhancement in water/THF mixtures. Compounds 5 and 6 also showed solvent viscosity dependent emission characteristics. All the three compounds show distinct optical responses for small anions such as fluoride and cyanide. Filter paper strips coated with compounds 5 and 6 can detect F− and CN− in aqueous media with different colorimetric responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of thiazole-appended boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives 1- 4 is reported. The fluorescence emission colors of 1- 4 were fine-tuned by modulating the dihedral angle between BODIPY and thiazole by judiciously varying the number of methyl substituents on both the BODIPY and thiazole moieties. Compounds 1 and 2 with fewer methyl substituents on the BODIPY core showed a large Stokes shift (≈110 nm) relative to derivatives 3 and 4 with more methyl substituents. In addition, the optical properties of 1 and 2 are sensitive to the pH of the medium. The experimentally observed results were corroborated with theoretical calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis and crystal structures of three porphyrin-based polyfunctional Lewis acids 1- 3 are reported. Intermolecular HgCl ⋅⋅⋅HgCl (linear and μ-type) interactions in the solid state of the peripherally ArHgCl-decorated compound 3 lead to a fascinating 3D supramolecular architecture. Compound 3 shows a selective fluorescence quenching response to picric acid and discriminates other nitroaromatic-based explosives. For the first time, an electron-deficient polyfunctional Lewis acid is shown to be useful for the selective detection and discrimination of nitroaromatic explosives. The Stern-Volmer quenching constant and detection limits of compound 3 for picric acid are the best among the reported small-molecular receptors for nitroaromatic explosives. The electronic structure, Lewis acidity, and selective sensing characteristics of 3 are well corroborated by DFT calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new triarylborane-aza-BODIPY conjugate is reported. The compound consists of two blue emissive dimesitylarylborane moieties and a near-infrared (NIR) emissive aza-BOIDPY core and shows panchromatic absorption spanning approximately 300-800 nm. DFT computational studies suggest limited electronic communication between the individual fluorophore units. Hence, the partial energy transfer from blue fluorophore triarylborane to NIR chromophore aza-BODIPY unit leads to a broad dual-emissive feature covering a large part of visible and NIR region. Furthermore, the broadband emissive compound can act as a selective sensor for fluoride anion as a result of fluorescence quenching response in both visible and NIR spectral regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new NPI-BODIPY dyads 1- 3 (NPI=1,8-naphthalimide, BODIPY=boron-dipyrromethene) were synthesized, characterized, and studied. The NPI and BODIPY moieties in these dyads are electronically separated by oxoaryl bridges, and the compounds only differ structurally with respect to methyl substituents on the BODIPY fluorophore. The NPI and BODIPY moieties retain their optical features in molecular dyads 1- 3. Dyads 1-3 show dual emission in solution originating from the two separate fluorescent units. The variations of the dual emission in these compounds are controlled by the structural flexibilities of the systems. Dyads 1- 3, depending on their molecular flexibilities, show considerably different spectral shapes and dissimilar intensity ratios of the two emission bands. The dyads also show significant aggregation-induced emission switching (AIES) on formation of nano-aggregates in THF/H2O with changes in emission color from green to red. Whereas the flexible and aggregation-prone compound 1 shows AIES, rigid systems with less favorable intermolecular interactions (i.e., 2 and 3) show aggregation-induced quenching of emission. Correlations of the emission intensity and structural flexibility were found to be reversed in solution and aggregated states. Photophysical and structural investigations suggested that intermolecular interactions (e.g., π-π stacking) play a major role in controlling the emission of these compounds in the aggregated state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematic structural perturbation has been used to fine-tune and understand the luminescence properties of three new 1,8-naphthalimides (NPIs) in solution and aggregates. The NPIs show blue emission in the solution state and their fluorescence quantum yields are dependent upon their molecular rigidity. In concentrated solutions of the NPIs, intermolecular interactions were found to quench the fluorescence due to the formation of excimers. In contrast, upon aggregation (in THF /H2O mixtures), the NPIs show aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE). The NPIs also show moderately high solid-state emission quantum yields (ca. 10-12.7 %). The AIEE behaviour of the NPIs depends on their molecular rigidity and the nature of their intermolecular interactions. The NPIs 1- 3 show different extents of intermolecular (π-π and CH⋅⋅⋅O) interactions in their solid-state crystal structures depending on their substituents. Detailed photophysical, computational and structural investigations suggest that an optimal balance of structural flexibility and intermolecular communication is necessary for achieving AIEE characteristics in these NPIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disease-related stress associated with infection was investigated in 16 male, yearling Murrah buffaloes. The animals were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Animals in groups 1 and 2 were vaccinated subcutaneously with 4.8 mg of excretory-secretory antigen (group 1) or 1300 μg infection-specific antigen (group 2), in three doses. Subsequently, all the animals in groups 1, 2 and 3 were infected orally with 800 viable metacercariae (bubaline origin) on week 6 of the experiment. The animals in group 4 served as healthy controls. The clinical progress of the disease with respect to the adrenocortical response to infection was assessed periodically. The infected animals in group 3 developed characteristic signs of the disease and had the highest in situ fluke population (mean [se] 331.8 [19.5] ). One of the four animals in group 3 died on day 110 postinfection (PI). Animals that had been immunised before infection (groups 1 and 2) acquired adequate levels of immunity, were comparatively healthier and had significantly lower (P<0.05) fluke populations (mean [se] 194.3 [11.8] in group 1 and 164.5 [9.2] in group 2). Throughout the course of the disease, the group 3 animals had significantly higher cortisol levels than those in groups 1 and 2 (P<0.01) from week 4 PI onward. Although animals in the immunised groups (groups 1 and 2) had increased hormone levels, they were not significantly different from those in the control animals in group 4. Cortisol levels were higher during the early prepatency phase (weeks 1 to 6 PI) than during the late prepatency and/or patency phases of the disease. Cortisol levels in the healthy control animals in group 4 remained within the normal range. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Skin grafts are indicated when there is a major loss of skin. Full‐thickness skin graft is an ideal choice to reconstruct defect of irregular surface that is difficult to immobilize. Full‐thickness mesh grafts can be applied to patch large skin defect when there is less donor site in extensively traumatized and burned surgical patients. The concept of using natural biomaterials such as keratin, basic fibroblast growth factor is slowly gaining popularity in the field of medical research to achieve early healing. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of gelatin conjoined with keratin processed from the poultry feather and commercially available basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as a sandwich layer in promoting the viability of full‐thickness skin mesh grafts. The efficacy was assessed from the observation of clinical, bacteriological, and histopathological findings in three groups of experimental dogs. The clinical observations such as color, appearance and discharge, and hair growth were selected as criteria which indicated good and early acceptance of graft in keratin‐gelatin (group II). On bacteriological examination, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus was identified in few animals. Histopathological study of the patched graft revealed early presences of hair follicles; sebaceous gland, and normal thickness of the epidermis in keratin‐gelatin in group II treated animals compared with other group (group I‐control, group III‐bFGF‐gelatin). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cover Feature: Aggregation-Induced and Polymorphism-Dependent Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Characteristics of an Oligothiophene: Applications in Time-Dependent Live Cell Multicolour Imaging (Chem. Keywords: Fluorescent Nanoparticles (FNPs); Multicolor Cell Imaging; Polymorphism; Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF); Thiophene Fluorescent Nanoparticles (FNPs), Multicolor Cell Imaging, Polymorphism, Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF), Thiophene. [Extracted from the article]

Focuses on the clinical findings, surgical management and clinical outcome of a cat with a mid-gestational uterine torsion. Detection of the discomfort of the cat; Discovery of the veterinarian that the cat's uterus was distended; Existence of a mass of fluid-filled density in the abdomen; Use of ultrasonography in estimating the stage and status of the fetuses.

Triarylborane – oligothiophene – dicyanovinyl triads, representing A – D – A ‐ type luminogens, contain two different types of electron ‐ deficient units linked by electron ‐ rich oligothiophenes. Fine ‐ tuning the oligothiophene length imparted flexibility and effective electronic communication between the two acceptors, as well as produced interesting viscosity ‐ dependent fluorescence and aggregation ‐ induced emission properties. Additionally, their applications in anion sensing were evaluated. F− and CN− anions trigger two different color changes observable by the naked eye and hence, the triads act as colorimetric discriminators for fluoride and cyanide ions. More information can be found in the Full Paper by P. Thilagar et al. on page 17215 ff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents the radiographic diagnosis of Emphysematous pyometra, a necrotising, gas producing infection of the uterine tissue. The disease infected a bitch with symptoms such as vomiting, polydypsia, polyuria, occasional vaginal discharge and distended abdomen in a week's duration. It is concluded that the recovery from the disease needs surgical and medical treatment.