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Microtubule-based kinesin motor proteins are crucial for intracellular transport, but their hyperactivation can be detrimental for cellular functions. This study investigated the impact of a constitutively active ciliary kinesin mutant, OSM-3CA, on sensory cilia in C. elegans. Surprisingly, we found that OSM-3CA was absent from cilia but underwent disposal through membrane abscission at the tips of aberrant neurites. Neighboring glial cells engulf and eliminate the released OSM-3CA, a process that depends on the engulfment receptor CED-1. Through genetic suppressor screens, we identified intragenic mutations in the OSM-3CA motor domain and mutations inhibiting the ciliary kinase DYF-5, both of which restored normal cilia in OSM-3CA-expressing animals. We showed that conformational changes in OSM-3CA prevent its entry into cilia, and OSM-3CA disposal requires its hyperactivity. Finally, we provide evidence that neurons also dispose of hyperactive kinesin-1 resulting from a clinic variant associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, suggesting a widespread mechanism for regulating hyperactive kinesins. Synopsis: Hyperactivation of kinesins has been linked to neurodegenerative conditions. This study shows that a hyperactive version of OSM-3, a member of kinesin-2 superfamily that drives anterograde intraflagellar transport in C. elegans, is expelled from neurons for degradation in glial cells. Hyperactive OSM-3CA kinesin is absent from cilia and forms dynamic puncta within the neurites of sensory neurons. OSM-3CA puncta are ejected from sensory neurons and engulfed by neighboring cephalic sheath glia cells in a manner dependent of the phagocytic receptor CED-1. Mutations that reduce OSM-3CA activity or increase its microtubule binding protect OSM-3CA and restore normal cilia. ALS-linked hyperactive kinesin-1 is also expelled from neurons when ectopically expressed in C. elegans. Phagocytic receptor CED-1 enables glial uptake and subsequent degradation of hyperactive kinesins in C. elegans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camptothecin (CPT) is an important natural product targeting to Topoisomerase I (Topo I). Despite the high antitumor activity, this compound cannot enter clinical trial owing to its high toxicity and low bio‐availability. In this project, the ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) synthesis strategy was employed to introduce spirocycle functional group in the 5‐position of CPT. Thus, in the catalysis of Grubbs II catalyst, 5,5‐diallylcamptothecin underwent RCM reaction to give 5‐spirocycle CPT compound in 73% yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, zirconia repair materials have developed rapidly and are now widely used in the preparation of dental restorations such as crowns, veneers, and bridges. Zirconium oxide has excellent mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility. However, the inertness of itself determined that it cannot bond well with dental hard tissue, and the high volume shrinkage of the adhesive also results in poor bonding. In this article, bisphenol‐A‐glycerol dimethacrylate (Bis‐GMA) was acetylated, and a light curing acrylate‐based adhesive with high bonding strength was prepared. The volume shrinkage of the adhesive prepared by modified Bis‐GMA decreased, the shear bonding strength increased, and the double‐bond conversion and thermal stability of the adhesive were improved. This article compares the self‐prepared adhesive with the Single Bond Universal produced by 3M and All‐Bond Universal produced by Bisco. The results show that the self‐prepared adhesives are superior to the two commercial adhesives in terms of shear bonding strength, water absorption value, solubility value, and volume shrinkage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Photocatalytic oxidation technology with semiconductor materials has shown great application prospects in environmental protection, energy and other fields. Developing a semiconductor material with high light conversion efficiency is a current scientific frontier problem. RESULTS: A novel dark purple Ag/TiO2 catalyst with small energy gap of 2.27 eV was prepared and characterized using X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and diffuse reflectance UV–visible (DRUV‐Vis) techniques. Experimental results show that TiO2 phase transformation from anatase to rutile was inhibited in the presence of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) during hydrogenation. A surface disordered layer of 0.8–2.0 nm was formed which greatly enhanced light absorption according to DRUV‐Vis spectral analysis. Due to the favorable synergistic effect between Ag NPs and the surface disordered layer of TiO2, the dark purple Ag/TiO2 catalyst showed enhanced photocatalytic degradation activity. After utilization for five cycles, there was no significant decrease in the activity, suggesting high catalytic stability of the novel dark purple Ag/TiO2 catalyst. CONCLUSIONS: The results verify that the novel dark purple Ag/TiO2 catalyst with small energy gap of 2.27 eV has enhanced photocatalytic performance. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personalized medicine, the treatment best suited for an individual, is a hot field of clinical research in the world. Many recent studies have shown that genetic variations have a great influence on the treatment. This study aimed to identify the distribution differences of very important pharmacogene (VIP) variants between the Tibetan population and the other 26 populations from the 1000 Genomes project. Based on the PharmGKB database, we successfully genotyped 50 VIP variants located in 27 genes in the Tibetan population. We also compared the genotype frequencies of VIP variants between Tibetan population and the other 26 populations. Without adjustment, the Chi‐square test showed that the only significant variant between Tibetans and every other group was rs1801159 in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), followed by rs1800566 in NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) and rs1051296 in solute carrier family 19 member 1 (SLC19A1). After Bonferroni's multiple adjustments, the genotype frequencies distribution of DPYD rs1801159 was found to be different in Tibetans compared to the other 26 groups, apart from ACB and ASW. Moreover, genetic structure/F‐statistics (Fst) analysis and the phylogenetic tree illustrated that Tibetans had a closer affinity with CDX, CHB, CHS, JPT and KHV. Our data will complement pharmacogenomics information of the Tibetan population and provide theoretical support for the realization of individualized medical treatment for Tibetans in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new convenient base promoted aromatization process has been developed to prepare substituted 3‐hydroxybenzene dicarboxylate using commercially available materials. In particular, regioselectivity will occur for substrates with mono‐substitution at 5‐ or 6‐position. This new process provides less reaction steps and moderate yields, and can be used extensively in the synthesis of other substrates to functionalize phenol esters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various Ni−Mn bi‐oxides doped active coke catalysts were investigated by traditional impregnation method (IM), deposition precipitation (DP), hydrothermal synthesis (HS) and oxidation reduction (OR) method for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 at low temperature. Compared with the four preparation methods to synthesize MnOx/AC−N catalyst, the test shows that MnOx/AC−N (DP) achieved NOx conversion above 80 % at 200–250 °C and MnOx/AC−N (HS) gave its > 70 % SCR activity at > 225 °C. MnOx/AC−N (IM) achieves 63 % NO conversion at 200 °C. It is worth noting that MnOx/AC−N (OR) exhibits less than 50 % NOx conversion over temperature range. Therefore, the activity of Co‐modified MnOx/AC−N prepared by IM, DP and HS methods was tested. The SCR activities at 200 °C was in the order of Mn2NiOx/AC−N (DP, 97 %) > Mn2NiOx/AC−N (IM, 94 %)≈Mn2NiOx/AC−N (HS, 93 %). The activity test results indicate that Ni‐modification has a clear promoting effects on the SCR activity and resistance to SO2, which might be attributed to more (Mn3++Mn4+), high contents of Mn3+/Mn4+ and Ni3+/Ni2+. These catalysis were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectra (Raman), Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD and Raman results indicated those samples showed the NiMn2O4 spinel and MnO2 phases, Mn2NiOx/AC−N (DP) might present the highly uniform dispersion, and Mn2NiOx/AC−N (HS) has the strong interaction between carbon supports and surface active components. Importantly, Mn2NiOx/AC−N (HS) catalyst has the great advantages of high selectivity to N2 and good resistance to SO2 (with the lowest loss proportion of NOx conversion). The spinel‐structured NiMn2O4 probably configured by [Ni2+Mn4+]tet[Ni2+Ni3+Mn3+Mn4+]octO4 might be one important reason for their good activity and high resistance to SO2, in which the Mn3+ and Ni3+ ions might be filled into the inside spinel‐crystal wrapped by a large number of outside Ni2+ and Mn4+. It was suggested that this configstruct was highly conducive to protect active sites from the sulfurization poisoning, benefiting from the efficient electronic interactions between Mn and Ni in VI‐octahedral sites expressed as Ni3++Mn3+↔Ni2++Mn4+. This electronic transfers might be closely related to the activation of NO and NH3 during SCR reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the flow of viscoelastic surfactant (VES) solutions, an important type of fracturing fluids for unconventional hydrocarbon recovery, through a diverging–converging microfluidic channel that mimics realistic unit in porous media. Newtonian fluid and viscoelastic hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution were used as control groups. We vary Deborah numbers (De) up to 61.2, and found that the flow patterns of HPAM and VES solutions become very different once De ≥ 6.12. This is attributed to different generation mechanisms of viscoelasticity, thus different responses to extensional rates at pore‐throats, for HPAM and VES solutions. It results in significantly smaller pressure drop of VES solutions through the microchannel compared to HPAM solution. It interprets higher filtration loss of VES solution than HPAM in core experiments and in field observations. The set‐up can be generalized as a prototype to effectively evaluate the filtration of fracturing fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In this study, manganese dioxide (MnO2) was formed in situ on the surface of ACFN (nitric acid modified activated carbon fibres) by a one‐step redox method for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxides (NOx) with ammonia (NH3) at low temperature. Meanwhile, the water and sulfur dioxide (H2O and SO2) deactivation mechanism were investigated. RESULTS: Each acid, including hydrochloric, nitric and acetic (HCl, HNO3 and CH3COOH), released H+ in solution at different rates, which lead to distinct pH environments. As the driving force, it has an effect on the redox reaction, resulting in the different MnO2 amount and performance of the MnO2/ACFN catalysts. The MnO2/ACFN (CH3COOH) catalyst exhibited good NH3‐SCR activity, water resistance and sulfur resistance. CONCLUSION: The MnO2/ACFN (CH3COOH) catalyst showed 3D growth and uniform distribution of MnO2 sheets on the surface of the support, which resulted in a larger specific surface area and better redox properties. The CH3COOH can gradually decompose H+ so that H+ is given priority to internal diffusion. The redox reaction preferentially took place in the interior, thereby promoting the formation of more MnO2, which is beneficial to the NH3‐SCR reaction. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In competition with Michael addition between oxabornene and amines, a cascade substitution reaction predominates to generate cyclohexa‐1,4‐diene‐3,6‐diamine and amino alcohol in a moderate yield. This method has wide universality for different amines, overcomes the shortcomings of Michael addition reaction that cannot be synthesized due to shortage of raw materials, and can be further applied to the total synthesis of some related natural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convenient method was developed to prepare the diastereomer of dolutegravir tricyclic intermediate in the catalysis of EDCI/DMAP in up to 87% yield. Different solvents, temperature, and times were optimized. The synthesized diastereomer 6′ could be used as a standard for the industrial manufacture requirement of dolutegravir active pharmaceutical ingredient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new series of norcantharidin salt derivatives was designed and synthesized in good yield. The compounds structures were characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and IR spectra. These norcantharidin salts 5 exhibit good antitumor activity against both liver cancer and colon cancer cell lines in vitro, which seems to direct a right trend for the modification on cantharidin structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate and characterize the performance of a Multi Leaf Collimator ( MLC) designed for Cobalt-60 based MR-guided radiation therapy system in a 0.35 T magnetic field. Methods The MLC design and unique assembly features in the ViewRay MRIdian system were first reviewed. The RF cage shielding of MLC motor and cables were evaluated using ACR phantoms with real-time imaging and quantified by signal-to-noise ratio. The dosimetric characterizations, including the leaf transmission, leaf penumbra, tongue-and-groove effect, were investigated using radiosensitive films. The output factor of MLC-defined fields was measured with ionization chambers for both symmetric fields from 2.1 × 2.1 cm2 to 27.3 × 27.3 cm2 and asymmetric fields from 10.5 × 10.5 cm2 to 10.5 × 2.0 cm2. Multi leaf collimator ( MLC) positional accuracy was assessed by delivering either a picket fence ( PF) style pattern on radiochromic films with wire-jig phantom or double and triple-rectangular patterns on ArcCheck- MR (Sun Nuclear, Melbourne, FL, USA) with gamma analysis as the pass/fail indicator. Leaf speed tests were performed to assess the capability of full range leaf travel within manufacture's specifications. Multi leaf collimator plan delivery reproducibility was tested by repeatedly delivering both open fields and fields with irregular shaped segments over 1-month period. Results Comparable SNRs within 4% were observed for MLC moving and stationary plans on vendor-reconstructed images, and the direct k-space reconstructed images showed that the three SNRs are within 1%. The maximum leaf transmission for all three MLCs was less than 0.35% and the average leakage was 0.153 ± 0.006%, 0.151 ± 0.008%, and 0.159 ± 0.015% for head 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Both the leaf edge and leaf end penumbra showed comparable values within 0.05 cm, and the measured values are within 0.1 cm with TPS values. The leaf edge TG effect indicated 10% underdose and the leaf end TG showed a shifted dose distribution with 0.3 cm offset. The leaf positioning test showed a 0.2 cm accuracy in the PF style test, and a gamma passing rate above 96% was observed with a 3%/2 mm criteria when comparing the measured double/triple-rectangular pattern fluence with TPS calculated fluence. The average leaf speed when executing the test plan fell in a range from 1.86 to 1.95 cm/s. The measured and TPS calculated output factors were within 2% for squared fields and within 3% for rectangular fields. The reproducibility test showed the deviation of output factors were well within 2% for square fields and the gamma passing rate within 1.5% for fields with irregular segments. The Monte Carlo predicted output factors were within 2% compared to TPS values. 15 out of the 16 IMRT plans have gamma passing rate more than 98% compared to the TPS fluence with an average passing rate of 99.1 ± 0.6%. Conclusion The MRIdian MLC has a good RF noise shielding design, low radiation leakage, good positioning accuracy, comparable TG effect, and can be modeled by an independent Monte Carlo calculation platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the low concentration of avian influenza viruses in samples for routine screening, the separation and concentration of these viruses are vital for their sensitive detection. We present a novel three-dimensional printed magnetophoretic system for the continuous flow separation of the viruses using aptamer-modified magnetic nanoparticles, a magnetophoretic chip, a magnetic field, and a fluidic controller. The magnetic field was designed based on finite element magnetic simulation and developed using neodymium magnets with a maximum intensity of 0.65 T and a gradient of 32 T/m for dragging the nanoparticle-virus complexes. The magnetophoretic chip was designed by SOLIDWORKS and fabricated by a three-dimensional printer with a magnetophoretic channel for the continuous flow separation of the viruses using phosphate-buffered saline as carrier flow. The fluidic controller was developed using a microcontroller and peristaltic pumps to inject the carrier flow and the viruses. The trajectory of the virus-nanoparticle complexes was simulated using COMSOL for optimization of the carrier flow and the magnetic field, respectively. The results showed that the H5N1 viruses could be captured, separated, and concentrated using the proposed magnetophoretic system with the separation efficiency up to 88% in a continuous flow separation time of 2 min for a sample volume of 200 μL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foam flooding is a promising technique for enhancing oil recovery, but the foam instability limits its application. This study investigates the properties of foam stabilized by silica (SiO2) nanoparticles combined with hexylamine. Surface dilational rheology, contact angle, and adsorption measurements have been performed and correlated with the foam stability. The results show that the SiO2/hexylamine dispersion induces a synergistic effect on the foam stability at intermediate hexylamine concentrations. The most stable foam was obtained with the most hydrophobic particles. The dilational viscoelasticity and the adsorption amount followed the same trend as that of foam stability. As a plugging agent, the SiO2/hexylamine foam could block the core with the maximum pressure peak at approximately 0.85 MPa. Moreover, our results indicate that the foam stability, dilational viscoelasticity, and roughness of the bubble surface together might contribute to better plugging performance in porous media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foam stabilized by a surfactant has been used successfully for mobility control during enhanced oil recovery processes, but the stability of the foam limits its application. Aqueous foams prepared from dispersions of partially hydrophobic silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) anionic surfactant were studied and the injection behavior of foams stabilized by a solution of SDS or dispersion of SiO2/SDS were analyzed for comparison. Foam stability increased with increasing nanoparticle concentration although the feasibility of producing a foam (foamability) followed the opposite trend. The surface tension and interfacial dilatational rheological properties were affected by the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles. When 0.05 wt % SiO2 was added to the solution of SDS, the system's dilatational elasticity increased significantly, but not the dilatational viscosity. The sweep efficiency to dead end was very small, and the SiO2/SDS foam could displace more residual oil in the dead end than that in the SDS foam. The differential pressure could increase to 0.58 MPa when SDS foam was injected, but for the SiO2/SDS foam it could increase to 1.7 MPa. The SiO2/SDS foam exhibited better profile control performance than that of the SDS foam. When subsequent water was injected for 3.5 pore volumes, the flow rate of the high-permeability sand pack could still be maintained at 1.0 mL min−1, which suggested that the SiO2/SDS foam had a better resistance to water flushing. Additionally, the foam volume should also be considered, especially for a SiO2 concentration of >1.5 wt %. SiO2/SDS foam can reduce the residual oil saturation clearly, and the enhanced oil recovery and final oil recovery can reach 36.90 and 69.57 %, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The clinical commissioning of IMRT subject to a magnetic field is challenging. The purpose of this work is to develop a GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo dose calculation platform based on penelope and then use the platform to validate a vendor-provided MRIdian head model toward quality assurance of clinical IMRT treatment plans subject to a 0.35 T magnetic field. Methods: penelope was first translated from fortran to c++ and the result was confirmed to produce equivalent results to the original code. The c++ code was then adapted to cuda in a workflow optimized for GPU architecture. The original code was expanded to include voxelized transport with Woodcock tracking, faster electron/positron propagation in a magnetic field, and several features that make gpenelope highly user-friendly. Moreover, the vendor-provided MRIdian head model was incorporated into the code in an effort to apply gpenelope as both an accurate and rapid dose validation system. A set of experimental measurements were performed on the MRIdian system to examine the accuracy of both the head model and gpenelope. Ultimately, gpenelope was applied toward independent validation of patient doses calculated by MRIdian's kmc. Results: An acceleration factor of 152 was achieved in comparison to the original single-thread fortran implementation with the original accuracy being preserved. For 16 treatment plans including stomach (4), lung (2), liver (3), adrenal gland (2), pancreas (2), spleen(1), mediastinum (1), and breast (1), the MRIdian dose calculation engine agrees with gpenelope with a mean gamma passing rate of 99.1% ± 0.6% (2%/2 mm). Conclusions: A Monte Carlo simulation platform was developed based on a GPU- accelerated version of penelope. This platform was used to validate that both the vendor-provided head model and fast Monte Carlo engine used by the MRIdian system are accurate in modeling radiation transport in a patient using 2%/2 mm gamma criteria. Future applications of this platform will include dose validation and accumulation, IMRT optimization, and dosimetry system modeling for next generation MR-IGRT systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To first demonstrate the viability of applying an image processing technique for tracking regions on low-contrast cine-MR images acquired during image-guided radiation therapy, and then outline a scheme that uses tracking data for optimizing gating results in a patient-specific manner. Methods: A first-generation MR-IGRT system--treating patients since January 2014--integrates a 0.35 T MR scanner into an annular gantry consisting of three independent Co-60 sources. Obtaining adequate frame rates for capturing relevant patient motion across large fields-of-view currently requires coarse in-plane spatial resolution. This study initially (1) investigate the feasibility of rapidly tracking dense pixel correspondences across single, sagittal plane images (with both moderate signal-to-noise and spatial resolution) using a matching objective for highly descriptive vectors called scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) descriptors associated to all pixels that describe intensity gradients in local regions around each pixel. To more accurately track features, (2) harmonic analysis was then applied to all pixel trajectories within a region-of-interest across a short training period. In particular, the procedure adjusts the motion of outlying trajectories whose relative spectral power within a frequency bandwidth consistent with respiration (or another form of periodic motion) does not exceed a threshold value that is manually specified following the training period. To evaluate the tracking reliability after applying this correction, conventional metrics--including Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs), mean tracking errors (MTEs), and Hausdorff distances (HD)--were used to compare target segmentations obtained via tracking to manually delineated segmentations. Upon confirming the viability of this descriptor-based procedure for reliably tracking features, the study (3) outlines a scheme for optimizing gating parameters--including relative target position and a tolerable margin about this position--derived from a probability density function that is constructed using tracking results obtained just prior to treatment. Results: The feasibility of applying the matching objective for SIFT descriptors toward pixel-by-pixel tracking on cine-MR acquisitions was first retrospectively demonstrated for 19 treatments (spanning various sites). Both with and without motion correction based on harmonic analysis, sub-pixel MTEs were obtained. A mean DSC value spanning all patients of 0.916 ± 0.001 was obtained without motion correction, with DSC values exceeding 0.85 for all patients considered. While most patients show accurate tracking without motion correction, harmonic analysis does yield substantial gain in accuracy (defined using HDs) for three particularly challenging subjects. An application of tracking toward a gating optimization procedure was then demonstrated that should allow a physician to balance beam-on time and tissue sparing in a patient-specific manner by tuning several intuitive parameters. Conclusions: Tracking results show high fidelity in assessing intrafractional motion observed on cine-MR acquisitions. Incorporating harmonic analysis during a training period improves the robustness of the tracking for challenging targets. The concomitant gating optimization procedure should allow for physicians to quantitatively assess gating effectiveness quickly just prior to treatment in a patient-specific manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Kidney cancer is the predominant form of malignancy of the kidney and accounts for approximately 3%–4% of all cancers. Renal cell cancer (RCC) represents more than 85% of kidney cancer. It has been reported that genetic factors may predispose individuals to RCC. This study evaluated the association between Acylphosphatase 2 (ACYP2) gene polymorphisms and RCC risk in the Han Chinese population. Methods: Twelve single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ACYP2 were genotyped using the Agena MassARRAY platform from 293 RCC patients and 495 controls. The Chi‐squared test, genetic models, haplotype, and stratification analyses were used to evaluate the association between SNPs and the risk of RCC. The relative risk was estimated using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: We observed that the rs6713088 allele G (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03–1.53, p = .023) and rs843711 allele T (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.06–1.57, p = .010) were associated with increased RCC risk. Genetic model analyses found that rs843711 was significantly associated with an increased RCC risk under the recessive model and log‐additive model after adjusting for age and gender. Haplotype analysis showed that the haplotype "TTCTCGCC" (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48–0.94, p = .021) was associated with a decreased risk of RCC in the Han Chinese population. Stratification analysis also found that rs6713088 and rs843711 were significantly associated with increased RCC risk. Conclusion: In summary, the results suggested that ACYP2 polymorphisms could be used as a genetic marker for RCC. Additional functional and association studies are required to validate our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant worldwide health problem, and is caused by Mycobacteria tuberculosis. Recent studies have suggested that FOXO3 plays vital roles in the risk of immune–related infectious diseases such as TB. Methods and Results: The present study aimed to evaluate FOXO3 genetic variants and TB risk. We recruited 510 TB patients and 508 healthy controls in this study. All subjects were genotyped with the Agena MassARRAY platform. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression adjusted for age and gender. Our result revealed that rs3800229 T/G and rs4946935 G/A genotypes significantly increased the risk of TB (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.04–1.74, p = 0.026; OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.03–1.73, p = 0.029, respectively). In stratified analysis according to gender and age, we observed that rs3800229 T/G and rs4946935 G/A genotypes were associated with an increase the risk of TB among males and age ≤41 years, respectively (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.06–2.04, p = 0.022 and OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.05–2.02, p = 0.025). Conclusions: Our study showed that rs3800229 and rs4946935 in FOXO3 were associated with a risk of TB in the Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]