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Background: Reportedly, the stress–hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) is closely associated with poor prognosis in patients with severe acute disease. However, the community‐dwelling may also be in a state of stress due to environmental exposure. Our study aimed to explore the association between SHR and all‐cause mortality in the community‐dwelling population. Methods: A total of 18 480 participants were included out of 82 091 from the NHANES 1999–2014 survey. The Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were used to assess the disparities in survival rates based on SHR, and the log‐rank test was employed to investigate the distinctions between groups. The multivariate Cox regression analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were performed to assess the association of SHR with all‐cause mortality. A subgroup analysis was also conducted. Results: A total of 3188 deaths occurred during a median follow‐up period of 11.0 (7.7; 15.4) years. The highest risk for all‐cause mortality was observed when SHR≤ 0.843 or SHR ≥0.986 (log‐rank p <.001). After adjusting for the confounding factors, compared with subjects in the second SHR quartile (Q2), participants in the highest (Q4, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28–1.73) and lowest quartiles (Q1, adjusted HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.16–1.60) have a higher probability of all‐cause death. The RCS observed a dose‐response U‐shaped association between SHR and all‐cause mortality. The U‐shaped association between SHR and all‐cause mortality was similar across subgroup analysis. Conclusions: The SHR was significantly associated with all‐cause mortality in the community‐dwelling population, and the relationship was U‐shaped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: The high sensitivity of the miniature mass spectrometer plays an irreplaceable role in rapid on‐site detection. However, its analysis accuracy and stability should be improved due to the influence of sample pretreatment and use environment. The present study investigates the processing effects of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) feature enhancement methods on the determination coefficient (R2) and relative standard deviation (RSD) of caffeine mass spectrometry (MS) signals. Methods: This paper employs the EEMD method combined with polynomial curve fitting to enhance the characteristics of seven caffeine mass spectrum signals with different concentrations and 15 groups of caffeine mass spectrum signals with the same concentration, and the wavelet analysis method was used for comparative verification. The determination coefficient and RSD of the two methods were compared. Results: We found the EEMD method's capability in adaptively decomposing caffeine mass spectrum signals is better than wavelet analysis method. The determination coefficient of the EEMD enhanced feature is better than 0.999, and the RSD is better than 2%, and both are better than wavelet analysis methods. Conclusions: The feature enhancement processing using the EEMD method has significantly improved the determination coefficient and RSD of the sample curve, improving the accuracy and stability of the data and providing a new way for miniature mass spectrometer signal processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether the performance of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP)‐strengthened concrete structure is affected by chloride penetration is the key to the application under chloride environments. In this paper, the effect of chloride penetration on tensile properties of CFRP sheet, bond behavior of CFRP‐concrete, and flexural performance of CFRP‐strengthened concrete beams were studied. Results show that chloride penetration has no effect on the elastic modulus of the CFRP sheet. The tensile strength and elongation of the CFRP sheet decrease with the exposure time increase, reducing by 10% and 12.7% after 240 days. The interface failure of CFRP‐concrete is likely to occur on the concrete surface. As the exposure time increases, the interface failure develops toward the epoxy resin layer; the sliding stiffness and end slip of the interface decrease. However, the ultimate bearing capacity of the interface first increases and then decreases. As the exposure time increase, the effective bonding length gradually increases, and the failure mode of CFRP‐strengthened beams changes from bending failure to shear failure. After 120 days, the ultimate bearing capacity of the beams is significantly reduced. From three parts of materials, interfaces, and components to provide an evaluation basis for the use, regular detection, and life prediction of CFRP‐strengthened reinforced concrete beams under chloride environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little research has been conducted to assess which specific databases should be searched when performing a systematic review (SR) on acupuncture. The current study aimed to identify key databases and the optimal database combination to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture for inclusion in SRs. A systematic search for SRs in the field of acupuncture was conducted in order to identify target databases and RCTs were extracted from the SRs that had searched all target databases. The proportions of SRs that had achieved 100%, 95%, or 90% recall of RCTs and the total recall of RCTs in various combinations of target databases were calculated. Sensitivity analysis was performed on those SRs that included 10 or more RCTs. CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, CENTRAL and Embase were regarded as target databases. A total of 4349 acupuncture RCTs were extracted from 286 SRs. Searching all six target databases retrieved 99.3% of all RCTs while 99.1% were recalled by searching the combination of CNKI, WanFang, PubMed and CENTRAL. There were no significant differences on total recall of RCTs (p = 0.549) or in the proportion of SRs with 90% recall of RCTs (97.2% vs. 97.6%; p = 0.794) between searching the above four and the full six target databases. Most results were similar in the sensitivity analysis. The combined retrieval power of CNKI, WanFang, PubMed and CENTRAL was considered an efficient choice to retrieve acupuncture RCTs included in SRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growth of high performance electronics, more consideration should be given to the safety issues associated with thermal runaway. Previous strategies have often been limited by shutdown efficiency and shutdown temperature. Here, we present a MXene supercapacitor loaded with a smart thermally responsive electrolyte to cope with thermal runaway at high temperatures. At room temperature, the ions in the electrolyte containing the poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) (PNGM) can migrate freely and the devices can operate normally. The smart electrolyte system forms a hydrophobic network that effectively inhibits ion migration to achieve thermal shutdown at high temperatures. The electrolyte system exhibits different electrochemical properties during heating up, reaching nearly 90 % capacity suppression at 85 °C. The proposed smart electrolyte system provides a promising solution to the thermal safety suitable for current electronic devices by achieving a proactive protection strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA), a disease of the entire joint, is characterized by abnormal bone remodeling and coalescent degradation of articular cartilage. We have previously found that elevated levels of H‐type vessels in subchondral bone correlate with OA and that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is critical for H‐type vessel formation in osteoporosis. However, the potential role of FAK in OA remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that the p‐FAK level was dramatically elevated in subchondral bone following anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in rats. Specific inhibition of FAK signaling with Y15 in subchondral bone resulted in the suppression of subchondral bone deterioration and this effect was mediated by H‐type vessel‐induced ectopic bone formation. Further, articular cartilage degeneration was also alleviated after Y15 treatment. In vitro, the p‐FAK level was significantly elevated in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from vehicle‐treated ACLT rats as compared to that in MSCs from sham controls and Y15‐treated ACLT rats. Elevated p‐FAK level in MSCs promoted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, as demonstrated from the high VEGF level in the blood, subchondral bone, and conditioned medium (CM) of MSCs from vehicle‐treated ACLT rats. The CM of MSCs from vehicle‐treated ACLT rats might promote the angiogenesis of endothelial cells and the catabolic response of chondrocytes through the FAK‐growth factor receptor‐bound protein 2‐mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐mediated expression of VEGF. The effect of the CM from MSCs of Y15‐treated ACLT rats or that treated with a VEGF‐neutralizing antibody on vessel formation and the catabolic response was lowered. Thus, the specific inhibition of FAK signaling may be a promising avenue for the prevention or early treatment of OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient metal catalysts for in situ hydrogenation of CO2 in water under mild conditions has gained considerable attention. Three Al alloys (Al/Fe, Al/Fe/Cu, Al/Cu) and three Zn/Cu alloys for in situ hydrogenation of CO2 in aqueous bicarbonate solutions were investigated. Hydrogen was generated by reaction of Al, Fe, and Zn in the alloys with water. In situ hydrogenation of CO2 was likely to be catalyzed by intermetallic compounds and generated metal oxides. Al alloys catalyzed the hydrogenation to methane while Zn/Cu alloys produced CO and formic acid. Zn/Cu5 possessed the highest catalytic activity, which was attributed to the CuZn5 crystal planes in the alloys. Insights are provided into the importance of compositions and structures of alloys for the selectivity for in situ hydrogenation of CO2 in aqueous bicarbonate solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical Cu−Sn core/shell nanowire arrays were built on 3‐dimensional macroporous Ni foams through a two‐step deposition, annealing, and electroreduction treatment. Cu was electroplated on Ni foam substrates and the sample was annealed at 500 °C followed by electroreduction, producing Cu nanowires of 150 nm diameter in arrays on the skeleton of Ni foams. Sn nanoparticles of 14–80 nm were then chemically deposited on Cu nanowires in clusters and a second annealing treatment at 200 °C followed by electroreduction re‐organized the clusters into a SnxO/Sn shell of 8 nm thickness. Creating such a Sn shell on Cu nanowires suppressed faradaic efficiencies for H2 evolution from 55.7 to 10.1 % and for HCOOH formation from 13.2 to 2.0 % and enhanced CO generation from 32.0 to 90.0 % at an applied potential of −0.8 V (vs. RHE). The faradaic efficiency for CO production remained almost constant at 90.0–91.4 % with total current densities of −13.2 to −19.3 mA cm−2 between −0.8 and −1.2 V (vs. RHE). Array of sunshine: A double deposition‐annealing treatment created hierarchical Cu−Sn core/shell nanowire arrays on Ni foam, which can achieve high‐performance CO2 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of residents' core self-evaluations (CSE) in shaping their attitudes towards tourism has been rarely examined in tourism impact literature. This study proposes an integrative model, in which perceived benefits and costs mediate the relationship between CSE and support for tourism . This model has been empirically tested using a sample of 324 respondents from four villages on Hainan Island, China. This study finds that the effects of CSE on support for tourism are both collectively mediated by perceived benefits and perceived costs and individually by perceived benefits. Finally, theoretical and practical implications of managing and developing tourism are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic anisotropy of epitaxial, high-index Fe( [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of quantum-size effects, molecular gold clusters are promising materials for applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Owing to the feasible synthesis of Au11 species out of [Au(PPh3)Cl], this material is the subject of many investigations, although its full crystal structure including the ligand shell remained unknown. We have been able to obtain the solid-state structure at atomic resolution, even for the cocrystallized solvent molecules: The composition of the red crystals corresponds to [Au11(PPh3)7Cl3] ·CH2Cl2 ·1.5{(CH3CH2)2O}. The gold atoms in the cluster subtend a core of almost C3 v symmetry derived from a centered icosahedron, which is present in most Au11 species. The mean Au-Au distance amounts to 2.8076 Å and the mean Au-Cl distance to 2.3730 Å; both are in good agreement with comparable data in structurally characterized gold clusters. The mean core diameter, measured between the centers of the gold atoms of opposite sides of the cluster, is about 4.9 Å, and the overall van der Waals diameter can be estimated to 19.8 Å. The optical absorbance of [Au11(PPh3)7Cl3] in solution reveals characteristic peaks at 318 and 406 nm and a shoulder between 450 and 550 nm. The peak at 406 nm and the shoulder can also be resolved for the solid. The energy of the first optically active electron transition of ca. 2.0 eV is very close to the theoretically derived data of the HOMO-LUMO gap. In accordance with the literature, only one singlet in the 31P{1H} NMR spectrum is found at δ = 52 ppm, even at -80 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanostructure and crystallinity of transition metals play an important role in catalyzing carbon dioxide electroreduction (CO2ER) where Cu is a typical electrocatalyst with a wide variety of products and Pb has a high overpotential for H2 evolution and is selective toward formic acid. In this study, 3D hierarchical nanostructures of Cu–Pb catalyst are prepared by a two‐step electrodepositing–annealing–electroreduction approach (EAE). Cu nanowires (Cu NWs) of 200–400 nm diameter are built on the surface of commercial nickel foam substrates through an EAE step. Then, Pb nanoparticles with diameter of 5–10 nm are uniformly created on the surface of Cu NWs by a second EAE step. The nanostructural Cu–Pb electrodes catalyze CO2ER at a current density of −9.35 mA cm−2 (at −0.93 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)). The H2 evolution is suppressed by 35.6% and CO and HCOOH are enhanced by 29.6% and 9.2%, respectively, as compared with Cu NWs. The protocol proposed in this study provides a simple and straightforward approach for preparing high‐performance, hierarchical nanostructures of Cu–Pb bimetal catalyst for CO2ER. A two‐step electrodepositing‐annealing‐electroreduction approach is developed to synthesize 3‐dimensional hierarchical nanostructures of Cu‐Pb catalysts, which catalyze CO2 electroreduction in bicarbonate solutions at a current density of –9.35 mA cm–2 and faradaic efficiencies of 50.64% and 21.97% for CO and HCOOH. The protocol provides a straightforward approach for preparing high‐performance, hierarchical nanostructures of Cu‐Pb bimetal catalyst for CO2 electroreduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of quantum-size effects, molecular gold clusters are promising materials for applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Owing to the feasible synthesis of Au11 species out of [Au(PPh3)Cl], this material is the subject of many investigations, although its full crystal structure including the ligand shell remained unknown. We have been able to obtain the solid-state structure at atomic resolution, even for the cocrystallized solvent molecules: The composition of the red crystals corresponds to [Au11(PPh3)7Cl3] ·CH2Cl2 ·1.5{(CH3CH2)2O}. The gold atoms in the cluster subtend a core of almost C3 v symmetry derived from a centered icosahedron, which is present in most Au11 species. The mean Au-Au distance amounts to 2.8076 Å and the mean Au-Cl distance to 2.3730 Å; both are in good agreement with comparable data in structurally characterized gold clusters. The mean core diameter, measured between the centers of the gold atoms of opposite sides of the cluster, is about 4.9 Å, and the overall van der Waals diameter can be estimated to 19.8 Å. The optical absorbance of [Au11(PPh3)7Cl3] in solution reveals characteristic peaks at 318 and 406 nm and a shoulder between 450 and 550 nm. The peak at 406 nm and the shoulder can also be resolved for the solid. The energy of the first optically active electron transition of ca. 2.0 eV is very close to the theoretically derived data of the HOMO-LUMO gap. In accordance with the literature, only one singlet in the 31P{1H} NMR spectrum is found at δ = 52 ppm, even at -80 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the crystal structure of the title two-dimensional network, [HgCl(2)(C(11)H(10)N(2)O)](n), the asymmetric unit consists of HgCl(2) dumbbells and one mol-ecule of the quinazoline unit. Pseudo-octa-hedrally coordinated Hg(II) cations are chloride-bridged via a crystallographic inversion centre leading to different Hg-Cl bonds (short and long) and linked by other Cl atoms via translation along the a axis. The quinazoline ligands connect the Hg-Cl-Hg-Cl chains by N and O atoms along the b axis, forming the two-dimensional network structure. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak non-classical C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds and aromatic π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances = 3.942 (4) and 3.621 (4) Å].

In the crystal structure of the title complex, [Zn(C(9)H(7)O(4))(2)(H(2)O)(3)]·2H(2)O, the Zn atom and the apical aqua ligand are located on a crystallographic twofold axis, with the Zn(II) ion in a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry composed of five O atoms, two from the monodentate methyl-terephthalato group and three from water mol-ecules. The resulting complex and the two hydrate water mol-ecules are inter-connected by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(16)H(14)O(4), consists of one half-mol-ecule of an essentially planar biphenyl-dicarboxylic acid ester, with the complete molecule generated by an inversion centre. The maximum deviation from a least-squares plane through all non-H atoms occurs for the peripheric methyl groups and amounts to 0.124 (2) Å. The solid represents a typical mol-ecular crystal without classical hydrogen bonds. The shortest inter-molecular contacts do not differ significantly from the sum of the van der Waals radii of the atoms involved.