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SUMMARY: Mangroves grow in tropical/subtropical intertidal habitats with extremely high salt tolerance. Trehalose and trehalose‐6‐phosphate (T6P) have an alleviating function against abiotic stress. However, the roles of trehalose in the salt tolerance of salt‐secreting mangrove Avicennia marina is not documented. Here, we found that trehalose was significantly accumulated in A. marina under salt treatment. Furthermore, exogenous trehalose can enhance salt tolerance by promoting the Na+ efflux from leaf salt gland and root to reduce the Na+ content in root and leaf. Subsequently, eighteen trehalose‐6‐phosphate synthase (AmTPS) and 11 trehalose‐6‐phosphate phosphatase (AmTPP) genes were identified from A. marina genome. Abscisic acid (ABA) responsive elements were predicted in AmTPS and AmTPP promoters by cis‐acting elements analysis. We further identified AmTPS9A, as an important positive regulator, that increased the salt tolerance of AmTPS9A‐overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana by altering the expressions of ion transport genes and mediating Na+ efflux from the roots of transgenic A. thaliana under NaCl treatments. In addition, we also found that ABA could promote the accumulation of trehalose, and the application of exogenous trehalose significantly promoted the biosynthesis of ABA in both roots and leaves of A. marina. Ultimately, we confirmed that AmABF2 directly binds to the AmTPS9A promoter in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, we speculated that there was a positive feedback loop between trehalose and ABA in regulating the salt tolerance of A. marina. These findings provide new understanding to the salt tolerance of A. marina in adapting to high saline environment at trehalose and ABA aspects. Significance Statement: We identified an important salt‐tolerant gene (AmTPS9A) in mangrove Avicennia marina and proposed a hypothesized model in which ABA and trehalose synergistically regulate salt tolerance in A. marina. Our study provides new insights into the salt tolerance of mangrove A. marina at the aspect of the trehalose pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: The rhodium‐catalyzed C—H bond activation and cyclization of 3‐oxopent‐4‐enenitriles with alkynes proceed efficiently. Various 2H‐pyrans with multiple substituents are achieved in good yields through regioselective formation of C—O and C—C bonds. Transformations involving hydroxy‐alkynoates resulted in products with a furo[3,4‐b]pyran skeleton via further intramolecular ester exchange processes. Different from the traditional "1‐oxatrienes pathway", this method for the synthesis of useful 2H‐pyrans possesses certain highlights in terms of readily available substrates, stable and easily derivatized products, gentle and convenient operation process, and step and atom economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of multifunctional bio‐based materials with closed‐loop chemically recyclable plastics can be a paramount response to the worldwide plastic waste predicament. However, the trade‐off dilemma between the high performance and easy recycling performance of these materials still encounters huge challenges. In this contribution, inspired by the significant contribution of the hydrogen bonding networks to enhanced mechanical and gas barrier performance as well as the cosolvents to enhance recycling performance, a novel polyester material (PBHyF) synthesized by bio‐based monomers that integrate high‐performance and efficient chemical closed‐loop is presented. PBHyF show ultra‐high mechanical properties (83.2 MPa, 233.9%) and barrier properties (CO2 0.0157 barrer, O2 0.0071 barrer, H2O 5.518E‐15 g·cm/cm2·s·Pa) that are greater than bio‐based materials and most engineering plastics of previous work. More significantly, PBHyF also exhibits multifunctionality with excellent ultraviolet shielding properties, solvent‐resistant properties, and easy recycling performance. The initial monomers of PBHyF can be obtained in exceptional yields (>90.0%) and purity (>99.0%) under mild conditions by a simple energy‐efficient rapid chemical‐solvolysis strategy, even with polyolefin blend plastics. Further possesses similar high‐performance repolymerized polyester comparable to the polyester before recycling. Hence, these state‐of‐art high‐performance and easy‐recycling bio‐based materials provide a new approach for a green, sustainable material economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study aimed to identify various distinguishing features for use in the accurate classification of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) channels based on high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) inside and outside the epileptogenic zone (EZ). Methods: HFOs were detected in patients with focal epilepsy who underwent SEEG. Subsequently, HFOs within the seizure‐onset and early spread zones were defined as pathological HFOs, whereas others were defined as physiological. Three features of HFOs were identified at the channel level, namely, morphological repetition, rhythmicity, and phase–amplitude coupling (PAC). A machine‐learning (ML) classifier was then built to distinguish two HFO types at the channel level by application of the above‐mentioned features, and the contributions were quantified. Further verification of the characteristics and classifier performance was performed in relation to various conscious states, imaging results, EZ location, and surgical outcomes. Results: Thirty‐five patients were included in this study, from whom 166 104 pathological HFOs in 255 channels and 53 374 physiological HFOs in 282 channels were entered into the analysis pipeline. The results revealed that the morphological repetitions of pathological HFOs were markedly higher than those of the physiological HFOs; this was also observed for rhythmicity and PAC. The classifier exhibited high accuracy in differentiating between the two forms of HFOs, as indicated by an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89. Both PAC and rhythmicity contributed significantly to this distinction. The subgroup analyses supported these findings. Significance: The suggested HFO features can accurately distinguish between pathological and physiological channels substantially improving its usefulness in clinical localization. Plain Language Summary: In this study, we computed three quantitative features associated with HFOs in each SEEG channel and then constructed a machine learning‐based classifier for the classification of pathological and physiological channels. The classifier performed well in distinguishing the two channel types under different levels of consciousness as well as in terms of imaging results, EZ location, and patient surgical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the genetic determinants of atrial septal defect (ASD), a common congenital heart disease. The study identified five rare genetic variants in the FOXC1 gene in both familial and sporadic cases of ASD. Functional analysis confirmed that two of these variants, R173H and P79L, led to significant changes in FOXC1 transcriptional activity. Additionally, a mouse model with the R173H variant showed a thinning of the atrial septum, similar to the phenotype observed in humans. These findings provide new insights into the genetic causes of ASD and may contribute to improved diagnosis and counseling for affected individuals. [Extracted from the article]

The mangrove fish (Oryzias curvinotus) serves as a model for researching environmental adaptation and sexual development. To further such research, we sequenced and assembled a high‐quality 842 Mb reference genome for O. curvinotus. Comparative genomic analysis revealed 891 expanded gene families, including significantly expanded cytochrome P450 (CYP) detoxification genes known to be involved in xenobiotic defense. We identified 69 O. curvinotus CYPs (OcuCYPs) across 18 families and 10 clans using multiple methods. Extensive RNA‐seq and qPCR analysis demonstrated diverse spatiotemporal expression patterns of OcuCYPs by developmental stage, tissue type, sex, and pollutant exposure (17β‐estradiol (E2) and testosterone (MT)). Many OcuCYPs exhibited sexual dimorphism in gonads, suggesting reproductive roles in steroidogenesis, while their responsiveness to model toxicants indicates their importance in environmental adaptation through enhanced detoxification. Pathway analysis highlighted expanded CYP genes in arachidonic acid metabolism, drug metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. This chromosome‐level genomic resource provides crucial biological insights to elucidate the functional roles of expanded CYPs in environmental adaptation, sexual development, early life history, and conservation in the anthropogenically impacted mangrove habitats of O. curvinotus. It also enables future ecotoxicology research leveraging O. curvinotus as a pollution sentinel species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Salicylic acid (SA) is known to enhance salt tolerance in plants. However, the mechanism of SA‐mediated response to high salinity in halophyte remains unclear. Using electrophysiological and molecular biological methods, we investigated the role of SA in response to high salinity in mangrove species, Kandelia obovata, a typical halophyte. Exposure of K. obovata roots to high salinity resulted in a rapid increase in endogenous SA produced by phenylalanine ammonia lyase pathway. The application of exogenous SA improved the salt tolerance of K. obovata, which depended on the NADPH oxidase‐mediated H2O2. Exogenous SA and H2O2 increased Na+ efflux and reduced K+ loss by regulating the transcription levels of Na+ and K+ transport‐related genes, thus reducing the Na+/K+ ratio in the salt‐treated K. obovata roots. In addition, exogenous SA‐enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and its transcripts, and the expressions of four genes related to AsA‐GSH cycle as well, then alleviated oxidative damages in the salt‐treated K. obovata roots. However, the above effects of SA could be reversed by diphenyleneiodonium chloride (the NADPH oxidase inhibitor) and paclobutrazol (a SA biosynthesis inhibitor). Collectively, our results demonstrated that SA‐induced salt tolerance of K. obovata depends on NADPH oxidase‐generated H2O2 that affects Na+/K+ and redox homeostasis in response to high salinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transmetalation triggered rhodium‐catalyzed C−H bond activation and tandem annulation of 2‐biphenylboronic acids with sulfoxonium ylides or iodonium ylides has been developed. Various products of phenanthrenes were constructed under redox‐neutral conditions in 34–86% yields. Several mechanism exploration experiments and derivatization reactions were conducted in sequence to gain a deeper understanding of the process and the potential of this transformation. It offers an alternative approach for the synthesis of phenanthrene derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating plasmonic features as an emerging strategy for enhancing electrocatalysis for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). The key parameters responsible for the enhanced electrocatalysis performance are the local heating, the hot carriers, and near‐field enhancement induced by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR, that is, plasmonic) excitation. This review provides a concise overview of the fundamental mechanism of CO2RR, detailing the generation and decay of plasmonic and the energy transfer dynamics between plasmonic nanostructures and adsorbates. It further involves recent progress in plasmonic‐assisted electrocatalysis for CO2RR, including experimental and theoretical research to decipher plasmonic mechanisms. Finally, it ends with an insightful discussion of the existing challenges and potential future directions in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method of constructing "ArSCF2CF2Cu" from ArSCu and TMSCF2Br (TMS=trimethylsilyl) has been developed. The cross‐coupling reactions of the obtained "ArSCF2CF2Cu" with diverse aryl iodides (Ar′I) provide an efficient access to Ar′CF2CF2SAr. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the "ArSCF2CF2Cu" species were generated through controllable double difluoromethylene insertions into ArS−Cu bonds rather than the 1,2‐addition of ArSCu to tetrafluoroethylene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a meta‐analysis was conducted to systematically evaluate the effect of humanised care on maternal postoperative wound infections in patients who underwent caesarean section. A computerised search of Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and Wanfang database was performed, supplemented by a manual search from database inception to September 2023, to collate randomised controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the application of humanised care during the perioperative period of caesarean section. Two researchers screened and selected studies identified according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the included literature was evaluated for quality, extracted information and required data. Data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Twenty RCTs comprising 2408 patients were included. The results revealed the humanised care group had a lower incidence of postoperative wound infections (0.83% vs. 4.32%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15–0.46, p < 0.00001) and fewer postoperative complications than the conventional care group (4.32% vs. 16.35%, OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.16–0.31, p < 0.00001), with lower anxiety scores (standardised mean difference [SMD]: −3.15, 95% CI: −3.90 to −2.40, p < 0.00001) and depression scores (SMD: −3.68, 95% CI: −4.49 to −2.88, p < 0.00001). The application of humanised care during the perioperative period of caesarean section can prevent postoperative wound infection, reduce postoperative complications and help alleviate maternal anxiety and depression, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Fluorine‐18‐fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is routinely used for presurgical evaluation in many epilepsy centers. Hypometabolic characteristics have been extensively examined in prior studies, but the metabolic patterns associated with specific pathological types of drug‐resistant epilepsy remain to be fully defined. This study was developed to explore the relationship between metabolic patterns or characteristics and surgical outcomes in type I and II focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) patients based on results from a large cohort. Methods: Data from individuals who underwent epilepsy surgery from 2014 to 2019 with a follow‐up duration of over 3 years and a pathological classification of type I or II FCD in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Hypometabolic patterns were quantitatively identified via statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and qualitatively analyzed via visual examination of PET‐MRI co‐registration images. Univariate analyses were used to explore the relationship between metabolic patterns and surgical outcomes. Results: In total, this study included data from 210 patients. Following SPM calculations, four hypometabolic patterns were defined including unilobar, multi‐lobar, and remote patterns as well as cases where no pattern was evident. In type II FCD patients, the unilobar pattern was associated with the best surgical outcomes (p = 0.014). In visual analysis, single gyrus (p = 0.032) and Clear‐cut hypometabolism edge (p = 0.040) patterns exhibited better surgery outcomes in the type II FCD group. Conclusions: PET metabolic patterns are well‐correlated with the prognosis of type II FCD patients. However, similar correlations were not observed in type I FCD, potentially owing to the complex distribution of the epileptogenic region. Plain Language Summary: In this study, we demonstrated that FDG‐PET was a crucial examination for patients with FCD, which was a common cause of epilepsy. We compared the surgical prognosis for patients with different hypometabolism distribution patterns and found that clear and focal abnormal region in PET was correlated with good surgical outcome in type II FCD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: The electrophilic addition to an alkene with an electrophile has been widely studied and applied in organic synthesis. The organic chemistry textbook describes the classical reaction between an alkene and an iodine electrophile (such as elemental iodine and N‐iodosuccinimide (NIS)) as a typical ionic reaction, in which an iodonium ion is formed and then attacked by a nucleophile. However, in this article, we report a new and unusual reaction mode between an alkene and NIS; that is, a single electron transfer (SET) process occurs between these two reactants by forming an electron‐donor acceptor complex. Not only does this unusual single electron transfer reaction between an alkene and NIS add fundamentally important knowledge to organic chemistry, it also provides a valuable synthetic method as the new SET reaction mode with opposite regioselectivity as compared with the traditional ionic mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute encephalitis is a brain infection that can harm the nervous system if not recognized and treated promptly. However, the presence of the blood–brain barrier restricts therapeutic agent distribution from the bloodstream to the brain parenchyma, severely restricting effective therapy for this disease. Herein, a novel drug delivery system based on a macrophage (RAW 264.7 cells) artifactual diagnostic and therapeutic nanoparticles (IPD@RAW) drug‐loading approach is presented, which exploits RAW cells' ability to cross the blood–brain barrier and go toward inflammation, and efficiently realizes the targeted enrichment of diagnostic and therapeutic nanoparticles at the site of inflammation in the brain. This nano‐drug‐carrying technology can accurately depict the degree of inflammation in real time for an extended period due to the significant penetration depth and high signal‐to‐noise ratio of near‐infrared (NIR) imaging. Meanwhile, the modified polydopamine can trigger the controlled release of anti‐inflammatory drugs through photothermal conversion under NIR irradiation to reduce the expression of cellular inflammatory factors, such as TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β, and alleviate the brain damage due to secretion of this inflammatory factor. As a result, this drug delivery system provides a reliable tool for overcoming the blood–brain barrier to achieve early diagnosis and treatment of acute encephalitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a meta‐analysis to assess the effects of bundle‐care interventions on pressure ulcers in patients with stroke to provide a basis for clinical work. Randomised controlled trials on the effects of bundle‐care interventions in patients with stroke were identified using computerised searches of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP and Wanfang databases, from the time of inception of each database to July 2023, supplemented by manual literature searches. Two researchers independently retrieved and screened the articles, extracted the data and evaluated the quality of the included studies. After reaching consensus, meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4. Twenty‐four papers were included, involving 3330 patients of whom 1679 were in the intervention group and 1651 were in the control group. The results showed that, compared with standard care, bundle‐care interventions significantly reduced the incidence of pressure ulcers (3.28% vs. 14.84%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14–0.26, p < 0.001), and aspiration (5.60% vs. 18.84%, OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.17–0.39, p < 0.001), and improved patient satisfaction with nursing care (96.59% vs. 84.43%, OR. 5.45, 95% CI: 3.76–7.90, p < 0.001). Current evidence suggests that care bundles are significantly better than conventional nursing measures in preventing pressure ulcers and aspiration, and improving patient satisfaction with nursing care in patients with stroke, and are worthy of clinical promotion and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brassinosteroid (BR) has been shown to modulate plant tolerance to various stresses. S‐nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is involved in the plant response to environment stress by fine‐turning the level of nitric oxide (NO). However, whether GSNOR is involved in BR‐regulated Na+/K+ homeostasis to improve the salt tolerance in halophyte is unknown. Here, we firstly reported that high salinity increases the expression of BR‐biosynthesis genes and the endogenous levels of BR in mangrove Kandelia obovata. Then, salt‐induced BR triggers the activities and gene expressions of GSNOR and antioxidant enzymes, thereafter decrease the levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide. Subsequently, BR‐mediated GSNOR negatively regulates NO contributions to the reduction of reactive oxygen species generation and induction of the gene expression related to Na+ and K+ transport, leading to the decrease of Na+/K+ ratio in the roots of K. obovata. Finally, the applications of exogenous BR, NO scavenger, BR biosynthetic inhibitor and GSNOR inhibitor further confirm the function of BR. Taken together, our result provides insight into the mechanism of BR in the response of mangrove K. obovata to high salinity via GSNOR and NO signaling pathway by reducing oxidative damage and modulating Na+/K+ homeostasis. Summary Statement: Salinity increases brassinosteroid (BR)‐biosynthesis genes expression and endogenous BR in mangrove Kandelia obovata. BR enhances the activity and gene expression of S‐nitrosoglutathione reductase that negatively regulates nitric oxide signaling and reactive oxygen species level, while, BR regulates antioxidant enzymes and Na+/K+ homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Senescence of alveolar type II (AT2) cells is an important driver of pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate whether and how dysregulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production affected AT2 cell senescence, and then explored the effect of H2S on the communication between AT2 and fibroblasts. Methods: ICR mice were intratracheally administered with bleomycin (3 mg/kg). Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 28 μmol/kg/d) was intraperitoneally injected for 2 weeks. The H2S‐generating enzyme cystathionine‐β‐synthase (CBS) knockout heterozygous (CBS+/−) mice were used as a low H2S production model. Results: Analysis of microarray datasets revealed downregulation of H2S‐generating enzymes in lung tissues of patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Decreased H2S production was correlated with higher levels of cell senescence markers p53 and p21 in bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis. CBS+/− mice exhibited increased levels of p53 and p21. The numbers of AT2 cells positive for p53 and p21 were increased in CBS+/− mice as compared to control mice. H2S donor NaHS attenuated bleomycin‐induced AT2 cell senescence both in vivo and in vitro. H2S donor suppressed bleomycin‐induced senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of AT2 cells via inhibiting p53/p21 pathway, consequently suppressing proliferation and myofibroblast transdifferentiation of fibroblasts. Mechanically, H2S suppressed p53 expression by enhancing the mouse double‐minute 2 homologue (MDM2)‐mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p53. Conclusion: H2S inactivated p53‐p21 pathway, consequently suppressing AT2 cell senescence as well as cell communication between senescent AT2 cells and fibroblasts. Aberrant H2S synthesis may contribute to the development of pulmonary fibrosis through promoting the activation loop involving senescent AT2 cells and activated fibroblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease that affects the quality of life (QoL) of patients. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in perceptions of PBC among physicians from different hospital departments and patients with PBC. Methods: An online survey regarding the general knowledge, diagnosis, and management of PBC was completed by physicians and patients. Results: A total of 239 patients with PBC and 239 physicians from eight hospital departments (gastroenterology, infectious diseases, rheumatology, hepatobiliary surgery, pathology, clinical laboratory, ultrasound, and radiology) completed the survey. The results showed that physicians from departments other than gastroenterologists and rheumatologists lacked knowledge of PBC, and that junior gastroenterologists were uncertain about the diagnostic and treatment pathways of PBC. Importantly, the lack of knowledge significantly impacted the QoL of patients, especially the emotional scores of PBC‐40 (odds ratio −2.556, 95% confidence interval −3.852 to −1.260, P < 0.001). In addition, there was a perceived knowledge gap between patients and gastroenterologists. Conclusions: Physicians must improve their awareness of PBC. Patient education and patient–physician communication are important for improving the patient's QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel in situ chemical upcycling strategy for plastic waste is proposed by the customized diphenylacetylene monomer with dual photo‐response. That is, diphenylacetylene reactive monomers are in situ inserted into the macromolecular chain of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics/fibers through one‐pot transesterification of slight‐depolymerization and re‐polymerization. On the one hand, the diphenylacetylene group absorbs short‐wave high‐energy UV rays and then releases long‐wave low‐energy harmless fluorescence. On the other hand, the UV‐induced photo‐crosslinking reaction among diphenylacetylene groups produces extended π‐conjugated structure, resulting in a red‐shift (due to decreased HOMO–LUMO separation) in the UV absorption band and locked crosslink points between PET chains. Therefore, with increasing UV exposure time, the upcycled PET plastics exhibit reverse enhanced UV resistance and mechanical strength (superior to original performance), instead of serious UV‐photodegradation and damaged performance. This upcycling strategy at oligomer‐scale not only provides a new idea for traditional plastic recycling, but also solves the common problem of gradual degradation of polymer performance during use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional connectivity (FC) derived from resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging has been widely applied to guide precise repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The left, right, and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) have been used as rTMS treatment target regions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), albeit with moderate efficacy. Thus, we aimed to develop an individualized localization method for rTMS treatment of ASD. We included 266 male ASDs and 297 male typically‐developed controls (TDCs) from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange Dataset. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) was regarded as a promising effective region, which was used as a seed and individualized peak FC strength in the DLPFC was compared between ASD and TDC. Correlation analysis was conducted between individualized peak FC strength and symptoms in ASD. We also investigated the spatial distribution of individualized peak FC locations in the DLPFC and conducted voxel‐wise analysis to compare NAc‐based FC between the two groups. ASD showed stronger peak FC in the right DLPFC related to TDC (Cohen's d = −.19, 95% CI: −0.36 to −0.03, t = −2.30, p =.02). Moreover, negative correlation was found between the peak FC strength in the right DLPFC and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) scores, which assessed both the social communication and interaction (r = −.147, p =.04, uncorrected significant), and stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests (r = −.198, p =.02, corrected significant). Peak FC locations varied substantially across participants. No significant differences in NAc‐based FC in the DLPFC were found in the voxel‐wise comparison. Our study supports the use of individualized peak FC‐guided precise rTMS treatment of male ASD. Moreover, stimulating the right DLPFC might alleviate core symptoms of ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paraffin is a potential thermal energy storage material, but leakage and flammability are the two major problems affecting its storage and safe use. Here, a novel flame retarded paraffin/epoxy resin composite was developed by using paraffin, epoxy resin and hollow metal organic framework (W‐UiO66‐PPA) as thermal energy storage material, supporting material and flame retardant, respectively. The thermal energy storage and flame retardancy performances were examined with differential scanning calorimetry, vertical burning, limiting oxygen index and cone calorimeter tests. The results show that the paraffin/epoxy resin retains intact without leakage when the content of paraffin reaches 40 wt%, and this material exhibits high melting latent heat and remarkable thermal recycling property. In addition, the flame retarded paraffin/epoxy resin shows excellent flame retardancy, which is attributed to the following three aspects: (1) the hollow structure with open vertices of W‐UiO66 is capable of absorbing and collecting the combustible gasses produced by the combustion of epoxy resin; (2) the Zr and W elements of W‐UiO66 can facilitate catalytic charring and form a dense char layer; (3) phosphorous‐containing free radicals are able to capture OH· and O· free radicals during the combustion of paraffin and epoxy resin, thus interrupting the combustion chain reaction. On the whole, the flame retarded paraffin/EP possesses excellent thermal energy storage, thermal recycling, and flame retardancy properties. Our work provides a fantastic inspiration for the rational design of other flame retarded form‐stable phase change materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an uncertainty analysis method for systems with hybrid stochastic and fuzzy uncertainty parameters based on polynomial chaos expansion (PCE). Parameters in the system are described by probability boxes, interval numbers, and fuzzy sets, respectively, based on the differences in their limited stochastic knowledge. First, this method transforms the uncertain parameters into standard normal distribution and interval variables through equal probability transformation or α$$ \alpha $$‐cut operations. Second, the Legendre and Hermite polynomials are used as the PCE model's primary functions, and the expansion coefficients are calculated by the Galerkin projection method based on sparse grid numerical integration. Then, the system response bounds under the pre‐defined confidence level can be obtained using a genetic algorithm to solve the optimization problem constructed based on PCE models. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the method are illustrated by taking the tank bi‐directional stabilized system and the double‐pendulum‐controlled system as examples. The numerical results show that the system response bounds obtained by the PCE model optimization algorithm are consistent with the Monte Carlo simulation. Still, the computational efficiency is much higher. The proposed method effectively combines fuzzy sets and probability boxes and dramatically simplifies the analysis process of uncertain systems. The method exhibits fine precision even in high‐dimensional uncertainty analysis problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ruthenium‐catalyzed C−H bond activation and tandem cyclization of 2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with iodonium ylides proceed efficiently. For the first time, the easily available iodonium ylides and inexpensive ruthenium complex were employed to synthesize pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole derivatives in good yields under simple and easy‐to‐operate conditions. Several primary mechanism investigations and synthetic applications involving gram‐scale preparation, derivatization reactions and the transformation of iodonium ylide generated in situ have also been conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myzus persicae (Sulzer) is a globally distributed crop pest with a wide host range. The L1014F mutation in the voltage‐gated sodium channel has been implicated in mediating resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in M. persicae. Control failures in crop production are frequently attributed to inaccurate or delayed detection of M. persicae resistance. Thus, simple and effective tools for detecting resistant M. persicae are required to develop rapid and flexible pest control strategies. The resistance assay and L1014F mutation frequency assay results showed that the L1014F mutation frequency could infer M. persicae's resistance level to pyrethroid insecticides. Therefore, in our study, we established a Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)‐based method to detect the L1014F mutation in the voltage‐gated sodium channel of M. persicae. This method uses single aphid crude extract DNA as a template, and the full reaction can be completed in 1 h in a relaxed temperature range. The results could also be obtained by colour change without any molecular detection. We have also optimized the reaction system and procedures to improve the accuracy of the assay to over 95%. Based on this, we can detect the mutation frequency of voltage‐gated sodium channel L014F in M. persicae field populations in a non‐laboratory setting, such as in the field, in a stable, accurate, and rapid manner. This method facilitates quick determination of the resistance of M. persicae populations, followed by guide field control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess seizure semiology and disease evolution in a large number of hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) patients. Methods: Seizure semiology and associated medical records for 78 patients with HH‐related epilepsy were retrospectively reviewed. Potential predictors of seizure types were assessed through univariate and binary logistic regression analyses. Results: 57 (73.1%) patients presented with gelastic seizures at the onset of epilepsy, of whole 39 (68.4%) experienced additional seizure types with a mean latency interval of 4.59 years. Automatism, version, and sGTCs were increasingly common with disease evolution. The intraventricular size of HH was significantly negatively correlated with the disease evolution interval (r = −0.445, p = 0.009). A significantly higher rate of patients with automatism in the DF‐II group relative to the DF‐III group was found in both χ2 (X = 6.07, p = 0.014) and logistic regression analyses (B = 3.196, p = 0.020). Interpretation: Gelastic seizures are the most common initial seizure type in HH patients, but variable semiologies occur with disease evolution. The intraventricular HH lesion size is an important determinant of epilepsy evolution. DF‐II HH lesions contribute to a higher chance of automatism evolution. The present study furthers our understanding of the dynamic organization of the seizure network affected by HH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to establish an efficient air‐regulating solution as varying overfire air (OFA) and recommend an appropriate OFA ratio for a 600‐MWe W‐shaped flame furnace equipped with the proposed cascade‐arch‐firing low‐NOx and high‐burnout configuration (CLHC), four air‐regulating solutions were established by respectively adjusting the air into secondary air, tertiary air, and hopper air or proportionally varying the air into the three jets in a uniform distribution form, which were labeled in turn as SA, TA, HA, and UD, respectively. After the efficient air‐regulating solution fixed, four OFA ratios of 15%, 17.5%, 20%, and 22.5% were evaluated. Among the four air‐regulating solutions, only UD develops symmetrical combustion. An order of TA < HA < SA < UD in the final performance indexes enables UD as the efficient air‐regulating solution as varying OFA. A symmetrical flow field and combustion pattern develop at the former three OFA ratios. The excessive OFA ratio of 22.5% achieves a severely deflected flow field and asymmetric combustion. Increasing the OFA ratio generates a decrease‐to‐increase trend in burnout and a continuous decrease trend in NOx emissions. Consequently, the 20% setting is preferred as an appropriate OFA ratio, showing the best low‐NOx and high‐burnout accomplishment. The improvement in both burnout and NOx emissions as opening OFA to deepen air staging is attributed to the improved symmetrical combustion and the strengthened OFA penetration in the upper furnace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Probiotics comprise effective feed additives that can replace antibiotics in animal livestock production. However, mono‐strain probiotics appear less effective because of their instability. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate dietary supplementation with compound probiotics (CPP) on growth performance, diarrhea rate and intestinal mucosal barrier, as well as the possible molecular mechanism, in chicks. In total, 360 1‐day‐old chicks of the Hy‐Line Brown Chicks were randomly divided into the control group (CON, basal diet), chlortetracycline group (500 mg kg−1 CTC) and compound probiotics group (1000 mg kg−1 CPP, consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Enterococcus faecium and yeast). The experiment period was 56 days. Results: The results showed that, in comparison with the CON group, CPP significantly increased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of chicks and reduced diarrhea (P < 0.05). The probiotic group exhibited increased immune organ (i.e. spleen and thymus) mass and increased levels of serum immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgM and IgG (P < 0.05) compared to the CTC group. In addition, the jejunal mass and morphology were improved in the probiotic group (P < 0.05). Moreover, CPP reinforced jejunal barrier function, as indicated by increased transepithelial electrical resistance, protein expression of occludin and claudin‐1, and diamine oxidase levels in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Likewise, enhanced fluorescence signals of proliferating cell nuclear antigen‐labeled mitotic cells and villin‐labeled absorptive cells in the jejunum (P < 0.05) suggested that CPP promoted intestinal stem cells activity. Mechanistically, the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, including β‐catenin, TCF4, c‐Myc, cyclin D1 and Lgr5, was amplified in the jejunum by CPP addition (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with CPP reinforced the jejunal epithelial integrity by activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and enhanced immune function in chicks. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regeneration is the regrowth of damaged tissues or organs, a vital process in response to damages from primitive organisms to higher mammals. Planarian possesses active whole‐body regenerative capability owing to its vast reservoir of adult stem cells, neoblasts, providing an ideal model to delineate the underlying mechanisms for regeneration. RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification participates in many biological processes, including stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation, in particular the regeneration of haematopoietic stem cells and axons. However, how m6A controls regeneration at the whole‐organism level remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the depletion of m6A methyltransferase regulatory subunit wtap abolishes planarian regeneration, potentially through regulating genes related to cell–cell communication and cell cycle. Single‐cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) analysis unveils that the wtap knockdown induces a unique type of neural progenitor‐like cells (NP‐like cells), characterized by specific expression of the cell–cell communication ligand grn. Intriguingly, the depletion of m6A‐modified transcripts grn, cdk9 or cdk7 partially rescues the defective regeneration of planarian caused by wtap knockdown. Overall, our study reveals an indispensable role of m6A modification in regulating whole‐organism regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In angiosperm, two immotile sperm cells are delivered to the female gametes for fertilization by a pollen tube, which perceives guidance cues from ovules at least at two critical sites, micropyle for short‐distance guidance and funiculus for comparably longer distance guidance. Compared with the great progress in understanding pollen tube micropylar guidance, little is known about the signaling for funicular guidance.Here, we show that funiculus plays an important role in pollen tube guidance and report that female gametophyte (FG) plays a critical role in funicular guidance by analysis of a 3‐dehydroquinate synthase (DHQS) mutant. Loss function of DHQS in FG interrupts pollen tube funicular guidance, suggesting that the guiding signal is generated from FG.We show the evidence that the capacity of funicular guidance is established during FG functional specification after the establishment of cell identity. Specific expression of DHQS in the synergid cells, central cells, or egg cells can rescue funicular guidance defect in dhqs/+, indicating all the female germ unit cells are involved in the funicular guidance.The finding reveals that the attracting signal of pollen tube funicular guidance was generated at a site and stage manner and provides novel clue to locate and search for the signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical signal‐mediated biological communication is common within bacteria and between bacteria and their hosts. Many plant‐associated bacteria respond to unknown plant compounds to regulate bacterial gene expression. However, the nature of the plant compounds that mediate such interkingdom communication and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) causes black rot disease on brassica vegetables. Xcc contains an orphan LuxR regulator (XccR) which senses a plant signal that was validated to be glucose by HPLC‐MS. The glucose concentration increases in apoplast fluid after Xcc infection, which is caused by the enhanced activity of plant sugar transporters translocating sugar and cell‐wall invertases releasing glucose from sucrose. XccR recruits glucose, but not fructose, sucrose, glucose 6‐phosphate, and UDP‐glucose, to activate pip expression. Deletion of the bacterial glucose transporter gene sglT impaired pathogen virulence and pip expression. Structural prediction showed that the N‐terminal domain of XccR forms an alternative pocket neighbouring the AHL‐binding pocket for glucose docking. Substitution of three residues affecting structural stability abolished the ability of XccR to bind to the luxXc box in the pip promoter. Several other XccR homologues from plant‐associated bacteria can also form stable complexes with glucose, indicating that glucose may function as a common signal molecule for pathogen–plant interactions. The conservation of a glucose/XccR/pip‐like system in plant‐associated bacteria suggests that some phytopathogens have evolved the ability to utilize host compounds as virulence signals, indicating that LuxRs mediate an interkingdom signalling circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the quantitative relationship between interictal 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) and interictal high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) from stereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG) recordings in patients with refractory epilepsy. Methods: We retrospectively included 32 patients. FDG‐PET data were quantified through statistical parametric mapping (SPM) t test modeling with normal controls. Interictal SEEG segments with four, 10‐min segments were selected randomly. HFO detection and classification procedures were automatically performed. Channel‐based HFOs separating ripple (80–250 Hz) and fast ripple (FR; 250–500 Hz) counts were correlated with the surrounding metabolism T score at the individual and group level, respectively. The association was further validated across anatomic seizure origins and sleep vs wake states. We built a joint feature FR × T reflecting the FR and hypometabolism concordance to predict surgical outcomes in 28 patients who underwent surgery. Results: We found a negative correlation between interictal FDG‐PET and HFOs through the linear mixed‐effects model (R2 =.346 and.457 for ripples and FRs, respectively, p <.001); these correlations were generalizable to different epileptogenic‐zone lobar localizations and vigilance states. The FR × T inside the resection volume could be used as a predictor for surgical outcomes with an area under the curve of 0.81. Significance: The degree of hypometabolism is associated with HFO generation rate, especially for FRs. This relationship would be meaningful for selection of SEEG candidates and for optimizing SEEG scheme planning. The concordance between FRs and hypometabolism inside the resection volume could provide prognostic information regarding surgical outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring high‐safety but convenient encryption and decryption technologies to combat threats of information leakage is urgently needed but remains a great challenge. Here, a synergistically time‐ and temperature‐resolved information coding/decoding solution based on functional photonic inks is demonstrated. Encrypted messages can be stored into multiple channels with dynamic‐color patterns, and information decryption is only enabled at appointed temperature and time points. Notably, the ink can be easily processed into quick‐response codes and multipixel plates. With high transparency and responsive color variations controlled by ink compositions and ambient temperatures, advanced 3D stacking multichannel coding and Morse coding techniques can be applied for multi‐information storage, complex anticounterfeiting, and information interference. This study paves an avenue for the design and development of dynamic photonic inks and complex encryption technologies for high‐end anticounterfeiting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By designing and using a new flexible bis(pyrimidine)‐bis(amide) ligand H2L [H2L=N,N′‐bis(4‐pyrimidinecarboxamido)‐1,3‐propane], two new polyoxometalate (POM)‐based metal‐organic complexes (MOCs), H3[Cu2(L)2(PMo12O40)] (1) and [Cu2(H2L)2(β‐Mo8O26)] (2), were synthesized under solvothermal and hydrothermal conditions, respectively. In complexes 1 and 2, metal‐organic units and POM anions are linked together to form two distinct 2D structures. The [PMo12O40]3− (PMo12) anions were used as μ4‐bridging ligands in complex 1 and linked the 1D [Cu(L)]n metal‐organic chains to form a 2D layered structure. The [β‐Mo8O26]4− (Mo8) anions adopted two diverse coordination modes in complex 2 and connected the 1D [Cu(H2L)]n2n+ metal‐organic chains to generate a 2D grid structure. Complexes 1–2 can serve as electrode materials of supercapacitor and show large specific capacitances, up to 1065 and 956 F g−1 at current density of 2 A g−1, respectively, which surpass the parent POM and most of the previous reported POM‐based electrode materials, thus demonstrating the important role of introducing metal‐organic units in improving capacitive performances. Besides, the electrocatalytic redox activities of complexes 1–2 were also studied, both of them can be used as electrochemical sensors to detect Cr(VI) ions. They possess high sensitivity of 0.537 and 0.455 μA μM−1 and low detection limits of 0.16 and 0.33 μM, which are below the maximum content of Cr(VI) in groundwater required by the WHO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A γ‐Mo8O26‐based organic–inorganic hybrid [Cu2(L)2(γ‐Mo8O26)0.5(H2O)]•H2O (CuLMo8) [L = 5‐(pyrimidyl)tetrazolate] was hydrothermally synthesized and fully characterized by various spectral techniques. In the crystal structure of CuLMo8, the μ2‐bridging γ‐Mo8 anion coordinates with Cu ions to extend into a 2D network. CuLMo8 displayed excellent photo‐Fenton‐like catalyst properties for MB degradation under UV light irradiation. Complete decolorization of MB solution was finished in 5 min, and the degradation rate reached 97.9% in 7 min. The degradation rate of the present system was much higher than that of similar systems in the literature. The synergistic effect of CuLMo8 and H2O2 was the fundamental reason for the high degradation rate. Initial pH value and concentration of MB solution, catalyst dosage, and concentration of H2O2 were the main factors to affect the degradation rate. Hydroxyl (•OH) and superoxide (•O2H/O2•‐) radicals were the major reactive species to degrade MB molecules. Moreover, the total organic carbon (TOC) removal was about 37.5% in 3 h, indicating mineralization and decolorization did not take place at the same time. The possible MB degradation pathway was deduced depending on the data gained. In view of the high catalytic efficiency, repeated use, and no need to adjust the pH value of MB solution, this heterogeneous catalyst might have potential to deal with practical wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuation of human civilization has always been accompanied by symbiosis and confrontation with fire. Particularly, humans can comprehensively recognize fire situations based on various sensory receptors in organs (eyes, skin, nose, etc.), further forming a sound fire perception system by in‐the‐brain recording, modeling, and understanding fire behaviors, leading to the most accurate fire treatments. If a sensing perception system can mimic human perceptual behavior and carry out real‐time fire recognition, such an active defense system can achieve real fire safety. Here, inspired by the brain‐centered perception system, an early‐fire perception system enabled by a VO2‐based temperature‐flame‐modulated optical switch, and a machine‐learning‐assistant demodulation algorithm is reported. This approach creates real‐time monitoring composed of early fire warning (1 s for candle flame and 4 s for 130 °C heat flow), fire cause recognition (95.7% accuracy in identification), and evacuation advice provision, advancing the technologies in the perception system that enable future sensors the comprehensive perception capability for fire state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition‐metal‐catalyzed carbonylation reaction is a useful approach for ketone synthesis. However, it is often problematic to use exogenous carbonyl reagents, such as gaseous carbon monoxide. In this manuscript, we report a novel palladium‐catalyzed coupling reaction of gem‐difluoroalkenes and aryl boronic acids that yields bioactive indane‐type ketones with an all‐carbon α‐quaternary center. Characterization and stoichiometric reactions of the key intermediates RCF2PdII support a water‐induced defluorination and cross‐coupling cascade mechanism. The vinyl difluoromethylene motif serves as an in situ carbonyl precursor which is unprecedented in transition‐metal‐catalyzed coupling reactions. It is expected to raise broad research interest from the perspectives of ketone synthesis, fluoroalkene functionalization, and rational design of new synthetic protocols based on the unique reactivity of difluoroalkyl palladium(II) species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is difficult to preserve the structure and microbial distribution inside comedonal plugs during routine processing. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the optimal method to preserve the comedonal corneum plug structure and inherent microorganisms thereby eliminating the need to perform punch biopsies in relevant studies. Methods: Corneum plugs were extracted from comedones of acne vulgaris patients. Primary embedding using either a 2% agarose, 2% agar, 25% gelatin, or 2% agar + 2.5% gelatin solution was subsequently performed and the results compared. The specimens were then fixed, waxed, sectioned, and examined by light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopies to observe the structures and microorganisms within the plugs. Results: Both the 25% gelatin and 2% agarose solutions successfully preserved the structural integrity of corneum plugs and the inherent microorganisms. When considering other factors such as thermostability, reusability, and convenience, the 25% gelatin solution was the superior choice among the four materials. Conclusion: We report a simple and effective method for double embedding comedonal plugs and other small tissue specimens. The technique preserves the structure and microbial distribution in situ within comedonal corneum plugs, eliminates the need for punch biopsies. This method may also be applied to other tiny and fragile tissue specimens, thereby enabling a potentially wide array of future large‐scale investigations and alleviated patients' pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole derivatives from the cobalt(III)‐catalyzed C−H activation and vinylene transfer of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with vinylene carbonate has been proposed. Most products of pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles were achieved in good yields under simple and easy‐to‐operate conditions. Scale‐up preparation and several preliminary mechanistic studies involving C−H bond activation and electronic effects between different substrates were also performed. This protocol offers an alternative approach for the synthesis of diverse useful pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The soy isoflavone microbial metabolites dihydrodaidzein (DHD), dihydrogenistein (DHG), equol and 5‐hydroxy‐equol are generally more biologically active than their precursors daidzein and genistein. Bacteria responsible for isoflavone metabolism have been isolated and identified. Fermented soymilk is a potential functional food; however, there are few lactic acid bacteria capable of metabolizing soy isoflavones. RESULTS: A newly isolated Gram‐positive facultative anaerobic bacterium, which was named Lactobacillus acidipiscis HAU‐FR7, was isolated from the traditional Chinese fermented soy product 'stinky tofu'. Bacterium strain HAU‐FR7 can grow under aerobic conditions and can also convert most of the daidzin and genistin in soymilk into DHD and DHG, respectively. The concentrations of DHD and DHG produced were 183 and 134 μmol L−1, respectively, after fermentation for 24 h. Strain HAU‐FR7 does not produce the biogenic amines cadaverine, putrescine, histamine or tyramine, and an antibiotic susceptibility test showed that HAU‐FR7 is sensitive to nine of the ten tested antibiotics, except for vancomycin. Moreover, the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐ picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging capacity of soymilk fermented with HAU‐FR7 was significantly higher than that of unfermented soymilk. CONCLUSION: A facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacterium, designated Lactobacillus acidipiscis HAU‐FR7, is capable of reducing the soy isoflavone glucosides daidzin and genistin in soymilk to DHD and DHG efficiently, even in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. The biotransformation activity of HAU‐FR7 grown in soymilk is higher than that in de Man–Rogosa–Sharpe liquid culture medium. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. It is fundamental to emotional intelligence and social iterations. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that empathy activates brain regions associated with the social cognition network. Aim: To explore the neural underpinnings of empathy revealed by stereoelectroencephalography utilizing recurrence quantification analysis (RQA). Methods: This retrospective cohort included 38 epilepsy patients with stereoelectroencephalography implantation. RQA metrics were applied to parameterize the network organization of default mode network (DMN) brain regions. The relationships between DMN, seizure burden activity, and empathy, as measured using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, were examined using partial least‐square regression and mediation analysis. Results: RQA metrics with DMN (R2 = 0.75, PBonferroni < 0.001) and its subsystems (medial temporal subsystem: R2 = 0.53, PBonferroni < 0.001; core subsystem: R2 = 0.70, PBonferroni < 0.001; dorsal medial subsystem: R2 = 0.48, PBonferroni < 0.001) were positively correlated with empathy scores. Of 13 RQA metrics, the mean diagonal line length, entropy of the diagonal line lengths, trapping time, maximal vertical line length, and recurrence time of second type were found to be statistically higher in patient cohorts with reportedly high empathy. Furthermore, DMN characteristics (b path: F = 3.69, P = 0.04), rather than seizure burdens (direct effect: t = 0.33, P = 0.74, c′ = − 0.007), mediated empathy status. Conclusion: The present study used various RQA metrics to parameterize the network organization of DMN and determine the neural underpinning of DMN for empathy modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydroxyl‐directed iridium‐catalyzed peri‐selective C−H bond activation to synthesize substituted pyrano[2,3,4‐de]chromen‐2‐ones and further chalcogenylation under blue light irradiation has been realized efficiently. Most products of polycyclic pyrans and corresponding chalcogenated derivatives with various substituents were achieved in good to excellent yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that this transformation may pass through a five‐membered iridacycle intermediate containing an O−Ir σ‐bond and a photocatalytic free radical process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. Highly penetrant copy number variants (CNVs) and genes related to the etiology of TOF likely exist with differences among populations. We aimed to identify CNV contributions to sporadic TOF cases in Han Chinese. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood in 605 subjects (303 sporadic TOF and 302 unaffected Han Chinese [Control] from cardiac centers in China) and analyzed by genome‐wide association study (GWAS). The GWAS results were compared with existing Database of Genetic Variants. These CNVs were further validated by qPCR. Bioinformatics analyses were performed with protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and KEGG pathway enrichment. Across all chromosomes 119 novel "TOF‐specific CNVs" were identified with prevalence of CNVs of 21.5% in chromosomes 1‐20 and 37.0% including Chr21/22. In chromosomes 1‐20, CNVs on 11q25 (encompasses genes ACAD8, B3GAT1, GLB1L2, GLB1L3, IGSF9B, JAM3, LOC100128239, LOC283177, MIR4697, MIR4697HG, NCAPD3, OPCML, SPATA19, THYN1, and VPS26B) and 14q32.33 (encompasses genes THYN1, OPCML, and NCAPD3) encompass genes most likely to be associated with TOF. Specific CNVs found on the chromosome 21 (6.3%) and 22(11.9%) were also identified in details. PPI network analysis identified the genes covering the specific CNVs related to TOF and the signaling pathways. This study for first time identified novel TOF‐specific CNVs in the Han Chinese with higher frequency than in Caucasians and with 11q25 and 14q32.33 not reported in TOF of Caucasians. These novel CNVs identify new candidate genes for TOF and provide new insights into genetic basis of TOF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/β‐TCP) has been widely studied as a drug carrier, but the drug loading and release rate of the composites with different morphology significantly vary. In this paper, needle‐shaped, rod‐shaped, and ordered porous HA/β‐TCP composite was prepared by chemical co‐precipitation method, and ibuprofen (IBU) was used as a drug model to study the sustained‐release properties of IBU in vitro. The results showed that morphology of the HA/β‐TCP composite had a significant effect on the drug loading of IBU. The IBU loading of the ordered porous composite was as high as 101.3 mg/g, which was 2.2 times and 3.46 times higher than that of the rod‐shaped and needle‐shaped composite to IBU, respectively. The drug release test of IBU showed that the release rate of the ordered porous HA/β‐TCP to IBU was slower than that of the rod‐shaped and needle‐shaped composite in the initial 10 h, and reached the drug release equilibrium after the subsequent 30 h. The cumulative release of the ordered porous HA/β‐TCP composite to IBU reached 83.79 %, which was significantly smaller than that of the needle‐shaped and the rod‐shaped, showing better slow‐release performance for IBU. The ordered porous HA/β‐TCP composite have great application potential in quantitative drug delivery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]