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SUMMARY: Erianin, crepidatin, and chrysotobibenzyl are typical medicinal polymethoxylated bibenzyls (PMBs) that are commercially produced in Dendrobium species. PMBs' chemo‐diversity is mediated by the manifold combinations of O‐methylation and hydroxylation in a definite order, which remains unsolved. To unequivocally elucidate the methylation mechanism of PMBs, 15 possible intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of PMBs were chemically synthesized. DcOMT1–5 were highly expressed in tissues where PMBs were biosynthesized, and their expression patterns were well‐correlated with the accumulation profiles of PMBs. Moreover, cell‐free orthogonal tests based on the synthesized intermediates further confirmed that DcOMT1‐5 exhibited distinct substrate preferences and displayed hydroxyl‐group regiospecificity during the sequential methylation process. The stepwise methylation of PMBs was discovered from SAM to dihydro‐piceatannol (P) in the following order: P → 3‐MeP → 4‐OH‐3‐MeP → 4‐OH‐3,5‐diMeP → 3,3'(4′),5‐triMeP → 3,4,4′,5‐tetraMeP (erianin) or 3,3′,4,5‐tetraMeP (crepidatin) → 3,3′,4,4′,5‐pentaMeP (chrysotobibenzyl). Furthermore, the regioselectivities of DcOMTs were investigated by ligand docking analyses which corresponded precisely with the catalytic activities. In summary, the findings shed light on the sequential catalytic mechanisms of PMB biosynthesis and provide a comprehensive PMB biosynthetic network in D. catenatum. The knowledge gained from this study may also contribute to the development of plant‐based medicinal applications and the production of high‐value PMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of mechanically responsive materials with reversible shape‐shifting, shape‐locking, and stretchability holds promise for a wide range of applications in fields such as soft robotics and flexible electronics. Here, we report novel thermoelastic one‐dimensional organic–inorganic hybrids (R/S‐Hmpy)PbI3 (Hmpy=2‐hydroxymethyl‐pyrrolidinium) to show mechanical responses. The single crystals undergo two phase transitions at 310 K and 380 K. When heated to 380 K, they show shape‐shifting and expansion along the b‐axis by about 13.4 %, corresponding to a larger deformation than that of thermally activated shape memory alloys (8.5 %), and exhibit a strong actuation force. During the cooling process, the stretched crystal shape maintains and a shape‐locking phenomenon occurs, which is lifted when the temperature decreases to 305 K. Meanwhile, due to the introduction of chiral ions, the thermal switching shows a 10‐fold second‐order nonlinear switching contrast (common values typically below 3‐fold). This study presents a thermoelastic actuator based on shape‐shifting and ‐locking of organic–inorganic hybrids for the first time. The dielectric and nonlinear optical switching properties of organic–inorganic hybrids broaden the range of applications of mechanically responsive crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipotoxicity leads to numerous metabolic disorders such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Luteolin, apigenin, and chrysin are three flavones with known antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, but whether they inhibit lipotoxicity‐mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation was unclear. To address this question, we used J774A.1 macrophages and Kupffer cells stimulated with 100 μM palmitate (PA) in the presence or absence of 20 μM of each flavone. PA increased p‐PERK, p‐IRE1α, p‐JNK1/2, CHOP, and TXNIP as well as p62 and LC3‐II expression and induced autophagic flux damage. Caspase‐1 activation and IL‐1β release were also noted after 24 h of exposure to PA. In the presence of the PERK inhibitor GSK2656157, PA‐induced CHOP and TXNIP expression and caspase‐1 activation were mitigated. Compared with PA treatment alone, Bcl‐2 coupled to beclin‐1 was elevated and autophagy was reversed by the JNK inhibitor SP600125. With luteolin, apigenin, and chrysin treatment, PA‐induced ROS production, ER stress, TXNIP expression, autophagic flux damage, and apoptosis were ameliorated. Moreover, TXNIP binding to NLRP3 and IL‐1β release in response to LPS/PA challenge were reduced. These results suggest that luteolin, apigenin, and chrysin protect hepatic macrophages against PA‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and autophagy damage by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premise: The Caryophyllaceae (the carnation family) have undergone multiple transitions into colder climates and convergence on cushion plant adaptation, indicating that they may provide a natural system for cold adaptation research. Previous research has suggested that putative ancient whole‐genome duplications (WGDs) are correlated with niche shifts into colder climates across the Caryophyllales. Here, we explored the genomic changes potentially involved in one of these discovered shifts in the Caryophyllaceae. Methods: We constructed a data set combining 26 newly generated transcriptomes with 45 published transcriptomes, including 11 cushion plant species across seven genera. With this data set, we inferred a dated phylogeny for the Caryophyllaceae and mapped ancient WGDs and gene duplications onto the phylogeny. We also examined functional groups enriched for gene duplications related to the climatic shift. Results: The ASTRAL topology was mostly congruent with the current consensus of relationships within the family. We inferred 15 putative ancient WGDs in the family, including eight that have not been previously published. The oldest ancient WGD (ca. 64.4–56.7 million years ago), WGD1, was found to be associated with a shift into colder climates by previous research. Gene regions associated with ubiquitination were overrepresented in gene duplications retained after WGD1 and those convergently retained by cushion plants in Colobanthus and Eremogone, along with other functional annotations. Conclusions: Gene family expansions induced by ancient WGDs may have contributed to the shifts to cold climatic niches in the Caryophyllaceae. Transcriptomic data are crucial resources that help unravel heterogeneity in deep‐time evolutionary patterns in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel orange‐red light‐emitting garnet‐type phosphors Li3Bi3Te2O12:xSm3+ (0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) were first synthesized using the high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method. The phase structure was recorded with XRD. Raman spectroscopic analysis was conducted for the first time to extract detailed structural insights of the tellurate garnet Li3Bi3Te2O12:Sm3+. The characteristics of the obtained compounds were investigated, including particle morphology, elemental mapping, diffuse reflection spectra, excitation and emission spectra, thermal stability, chromaticity coordinates according to the Commission International del′Eclairage, and color purity. The Li3Bi3Te2O12:Sm3+ phosphor could be effectively excited by 406 nm irradiation, and four sharp peaks were presented. The dominant peaks are located at 613 and 653 nm, corresponding to the typical transition of Sm3+ ions at 4G5/2→6H7/2 and 4G5/2→6H9/2, respectively. The phosphors present a regular concentration quenching trend, with an optimum Sm3+ doping concentration of 0.02. Impressively, the product demonstrates remarkable thermal stability by maintaining an emission intensity of 93% at a working temperature of 423 K. Additionally, the thermal quenching temperature (T0.5) surpasses 480 K. The lighting performance of the white light‐emitting diode fabricated using Li3Bi3Te2O12:0.02Sm3+ phosphor has been found to be exceptional, characterized by a high color rendering index (Ra = 90) and a low correlated color temperature (CCT = 5122 K). The electroluminescent spectrum of the red light‐emitting diode device fabricated by Li3Bi3Te2O12:0.02Sm3+ overlapped well with the absorption spectra of the phytochromes, suggesting its potential for plant cultivation light source. In conclusion, considering all these photoluminescent properties mentioned above, Li3Bi3Te2O12:Sm3+ phosphor can be regarded as a promising material for daily illumination and plant cultivation LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In flowering plants, sexual reproductive success depends on the production of viable pollen grains. However, the mechanisms by which QUA QUINE STARCH (QQS) regulates pollen development and how transcriptional activators facilitate the transcription of QQS in this process remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1 (ICE1), a basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor, acts as a key transcriptional activator and positively regulates QQS expression to increase pollen germination and viability in Arabidopsis thaliana by interacting with INDETERMINATE DOMAIN14 (IDD14). In our genetic and biochemical experiments, overexpression of ICE1 greatly promoted both the activation of QQS and high pollen viability mediated by QQS. IDD14 additively enhanced ICE1 function by promoting the binding of ICE1 to the QQS promoter. In addition, mutation of ICE1 significantly repressed QQS expression; the impaired function of QQS and the abnormal anther dehiscence jointly affected pollen development of the ice1‐2 mutant. Our results also showed that the enhancement of pollen activity by ICE1 depends on QQS. Furthermore, QQS interacted with CUT1, the key enzyme for long‐chain lipid biosynthesis. This interaction both promoted CUT1 activity and regulated pollen lipid metabolism, ultimately determining pollen hydration and fertility. Our results not only provide new insights into the key function of QQS in promoting pollen development by regulating pollen lipid metabolism, but also elucidate the mechanism that facilitates the transcription of QQS in this vital developmental process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis (TB) is still an urgent global public health problem. Notably, mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play an important role in early anti‐TB immune response. Targeted control of them may be an effective method to improve vaccine efficacy and TB treatment. However, the biology and signal regulation mechanisms of MAIT cells in TB patients are still poorly understood. Previous studies have been limited by the lack of reagents to specifically identify MAIT cells. In addition, the use of alternative markers may subsume non‐MAIT cell into MAIT cell populations. In this study, the human MR1 tetramer which can specifically identify MAIT cells was used to further explore the effect and mechanism of MAIT cells in anti‐TB immune response. Our results showed that the tetramer+ MAIT cells in peripheral blood of TB patients were mainly CD8+ or CD4−CD8− cells, and very few were CD4+ cells. After BCG infecting autologous antigen‐presenting cells, MAIT cells in patients produced significantly higher levels of cytokines, lysis and proliferation compared with healthy controls. After suppression of mTORC1 by the mTORC1‐specific inhibitor rapamycin, the immune response of MAIT cells in patients was significantly reduced. This study demonstrates that peripheral blood tetramer+ MAIT cells from TB patients have significant anti‐TB immune effect, which is regulated by mTORC1. This could provide ideas and potential therapeutic targets for the development of novel anti‐TB immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of silicon‐based anodes is significantly challenged by low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and poor cyclability. Traditional pre‐lithiation reagents often pose safety concerns due to their unstable chemical nature. Achieving a balance between water‐stability and high ICE in prelithiated silicon is a critical issue. Here, we present a lithium‐enriched silicon/graphite material with an ultra‐high ICE of ≥110 % through a high‐stable lithium pre‐storage methodology. Lithium pre‐storage prepared a nano‐drilled graphite material with surficial lithium functional groups, which can form chemical bonds with adjacent silicon during high‐temperature sintering. This results in an unexpected O−Li−Si interaction, leading to in situ pre‐lithiation of silicon nanoparticles and providing high stability in air and water. Additionally, the lithium‐enriched silicon/graphite materials impart a combination of high ICE, high specific capacity (620 mAh g−1), and long cycling stability (>400 cycles). This study opens up a promising avenue for highly air‐ and water‐stable silicon anode prelithiation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basic research suggests that reinforcer immediacy is important; even short delays to reinforcement may impair learning. Further, a previous applied study showed that most participants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) acquired tacts more quickly with immediate reinforcement, compared to delays of 6 and 12 s. However, no research has examined variable delays to reinforcement, which may be more common than fixed delays in applied settings. In this study, we examined the effect of variable delays to reinforcement on the acquisition of tacts. Specifically, we evaluated three conditions: a 0 s delay, a 4–8 s delay, and a 10–14 s delay to reinforcement among three children with ASD. The results show that two of the three participants achieved the mastery criterion most quickly in the 0 s delay condition. We discuss the results and implications of this finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three‐dimensional (3D) echocardiography is an emerging technique for assessing right ventricular (RV) volume and function, but 3D‐RV normal values from a large Chinese population are still lacking. The aim of the present study was to establish normal values of 3D‐RV volume and function in healthy Chinese volunteers. A total of 1117 Han Chinese volunteers from 28 laboratories in 20 provinces of China were enrolled, and 3D‐RV images of 747 volunteers with optimal image quality were ultimately analyzed by a core laboratory. Both vendor‐dependent and vendor‐independent software platforms were used to analyze the 3D‐RV images. We found that men had larger RV volumes than women did in the whole population, even after indexing to body surface area, and older individuals had smaller RV volumes. The normal RV volume was significantly smaller than that recommended by the American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging guidelines in both sexes. There were significant differences in 3D‐RV measurements between the two vendor ultrasound systems and the different software platforms. The echocardiographic measurements in normal Chinese adults II study revealed normal 3D‐RV volume and function in a large Chinese population, and there were significant differences between the sexes, ages, races, and vendor groups. Thus, normal 3D‐RV values should be stratified by sex, age, race, and vendor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sequence of reddish‐orange emitting NaSrBi(1−x)TeO6:xSm3+ phosphors were successfully composited by a favorable solid‐phase chemical process. The sintering temperature is optimized as 850°C. NaSrBiTeO6 (NSBTO):Sm3+ samples were assigned to the cubic double‐perovskite structure, exhibiting the space group of Fm3¯$\bar{3}$m (225). Photoluminescence emission spectra display the main peaks at 562, 598, 645, and 705 nm at 404 nm excitation. Among them, the most intense emission peak is at 645 nm. The concentration‐quenching mechanism of Sm3+ follows the interaction between electric dipoles and quadrupoles. The asymmetric ratio (I(4G5/2‐6H9/2)/I(4G5/2‐6H5/2) of NSBTO:2 mol%Sm3+ phosphor is extracted as 4.96. The optimum NSBTO:2 mol%Sm3+ phosphor has excellent thermal stability with a remained emission intensity riches 93.61% (420 K). After testing with high‐pressure water steam at various periods, the phosphor remains chemically stable for moisture resistance. For the NSBTO:2 mol%Sm3+ phosphor, the satisfactory color purity and low correlated color temperature (CCT) are obtained with 99.9% and 1494 K, respectively. The electroluminescence spectra of the prepared red light emitting diode (LED) are in conformity with the phytochrome absorption spectra of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, PFR, and PR. The white light‐emitting diode (w‐LED) is also perfectly packaged, obtaining an efficient color rendering index (Ra) of 92.12 and CCT of 5553 K. These exceeding optical properties certified that NaSrBi(1−x)TeO6:xSm3+ demonstrates promising prospects and can be efficiently applied in horticultural LED applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premise: Better understanding of the relationship between plant specialized metabolism and traditional medicine has the potential to aid in bioprospecting and untangling of cross‐cultural use patterns. However, given the limited information available for metabolites in most plant species, understanding medicinal use–metabolite relationships can be difficult. The order Caryophyllales has a unique pattern of lineages of tyrosine‐ or phenylalanine‐dominated specialized metabolism, represented by mutually exclusive anthocyanin and betalain pigments, making Caryophyllales a compelling system to explore the relationship between medicine and metabolites by using pigment as a proxy for dominant metabolism. Methods: We compiled a list of medicinal species in select tyrosine‐ or phenylalanine‐dominant families of Caryophyllales (Nepenthaceae, Polygonaceae, Simmondsiaceae, Microteaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Amaranthaceae, Limeaceae, Molluginaceae, Portulacaceae, Cactaceae, and Nyctaginaceae) by searching scientific literature until no new uses were recovered. We then tested for phylogenetic clustering of uses using a "hot nodes" approach. To test potential non‐metabolite drivers of medicinal use, like how often humans encounter a species (apparency), we repeated the analysis using only North American species across the entire order and performed phylogenetic generalized least squares regression (PGLS) with occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Results: We hypothesized families with tyrosine‐enriched metabolism would show clustering of different types of medicinal use compared to phenylalanine‐enriched metabolism. Instead, wide‐ranging, apparent clades in Polygonaceae and Amaranthaceae are overrepresented across nearly all types of medicinal use. Conclusions: Our results suggest that apparency is a better predictor of medicinal use than metabolism, although metabolism type may still be a contributing factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a significant global health concern. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the onset and development of IBD. Sanghuangporus (SH), a traditional Chinese medicinal mushroom, has excellent anti‐inflammatory effects and is effective at modulating the gut microbiota. Despite these attributes, the specific anticolitic effects of SH and the mechanisms through which the gut microbiota mediates its benefits remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that polyphenol‐rich extract from SH effectively alleviated the pathological symptoms of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice by modulating the gut microbiota. Treatment with SH distinctly enriched Alistipes, especially Alistipes onderdonkii, and its metabolite 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid (5HIAA). Oral gavage of live A. onderdonkii or 5HIAA potently mitigated DSS‐induced colitis in mice. Moreover, both 5HIAA and SH significantly activated the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and the administration of an AhR antagonist abrogated their protective effects against colitis. These results underscore the potent efficacy of SH in diminishing DSS‐induced colitis through the promotion of A. onderdonkii and 5HIAA, ultimately activating AhR signaling. This study unveils potential avenues for developing therapeutic strategies for colitis based on the interplay between SH and the gut microbiota. Highlights: Sanghuangporus (SH) polyphenol extract potently alleviated symptoms of colon colitis in dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis mice.The gut microbiota especially Alistipes onderdonkii mediates the anticolitic effect of SH.The SH‐enriched microbial metabolite 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid exhibited an anticolitic effect via the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.The "gut microbiota‐metabolites‐signaling pathway" provides an effective perspective for the study of complex Chinese medicine systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), the well‐characterized human‐derived probiotic strain, possesses excellent properties in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, immunoregulation and defense against gastrointestinal pathogens in mammals. Here, we demonstrate that the SpaC pilin of LGG causes intestinal epithelium injury by inducing cell pyroptosis and gut microbial dysbiosis in zebrafish. Dietary SpaC activates Caspase‐3−GSDMEa pathways in the intestinal epithelium, promotes intestinal pyroptosis and increases lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐producing gut microbes in zebrafish. The increased LPS subsequently activates Gaspy2−GSDMEb pyroptosis pathway. Further analysis reveals the Caspase‐3−GSDMEa pyroptosis is initiated by the species‐specific recognition of SpaC by TLR4ba, which accounts for the species‐specificity of the SpaC‐inducing intestinal pyroptosis in zebrafish. The observed pyroptosis‐driven gut injury and microbial dysbiosis by LGG in zebrafish suggest that host‐specific beneficial/harmful mechanisms are critical safety issues when applying probiotics derived from other host species and need more attention. Highlights: SpaC pilin acts as a causative factor of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG‐induced intestinal mucosa damage in zebrafish.Dietary SpaC directly induces intestinal pyroptosis by activating GSDMEa in zebrafish.Dietary SpaC induces gut microbial dysbiosis characterized by higher abundance of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐producing gut microbes in zebrafish.LPS‐producing gut microbes subsequently activate Gaspy2−GSDMEb pyroptosis pathway in zebrafish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to develop the culture methods for Longfin Smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys in a laboratory setting, achieving the first production of a fully captive second generation (F2). The objective includes understanding the critical factors influencing the breeding and maturation of this species in captivity, contributing to conservation efforts and potential revival of this threatened species. Methods: Longfin Smelt broodstock were collected from the San Francisco Estuary and reared in controlled conditions at the University of California Davis Fish Conservation and Culture Laboratory (FCCL). The study involved spawning of wild broodstock, rearing of first generation (F1) progeny to adulthood, and subsequent spawning to produce F2 offspring. Key variables such as salinity, temperature, and diet were carefully managed throughout the process. Fertilization and hatching rates were calculated, and the larvae were reared using the same methods to closely monitor and understand their growth and development. Result: First generation Longfin Smelt successfully matured and spawned at age 1, earlier than commonly observed in the wild. From five crosses, four produced viable offspring. The study recorded a range of fertilization rates (10–40%) and high hatching rates (75–97%). Salinity was identified as a critical factor in both larval development and adult maturation. While initial larval survival was challenging, the larval rearing system used in this study proved effective. Conclusion: The study represents a major breakthrough in the cultivation of Longfin Smelt, showing that it is possible to complete their life cycle under controlled conditions. It has provided valuable understanding of the maturation and breeding processes in these fish, with an emphasis on the influence of salinity. These outcomes are crucial for conservation strategies, offering the potential to help establish a refuge population and laying the groundwork for further research aimed at refining captive breeding methods for this species. Impact statementThis research achieves a significant milestone in protecting Longfin Smelt, a threatened fish vital to both river and ocean environments. Successful breeding in labs takes us a step closer to their conservation, enhancing ecosystem health and aiding local fisheries. This work shows the power of dedicated conservation efforts in preserving at‐risk species and sustaining the balance of our natural habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optoelectronic logic gates have emerged as one of the key candidates for the creation of next generation logic devices. However, current optoelectronic logic gates can provide only one or two logic gates, severely limiting their applications. Here we report a self‐powered and mechanically flexible device based on a BaTiO3 ferroelectric film to produce multi‐modal logic gates. By exploiting the photo‐induced photovoltaic and pyroelectric effects of a Schottky junction which is created between BaTiO3 and LaNiO3, the device is able to provide five different optoelectronic logic gates, which can be operated using input lasers of different wavelength (405 or 785 nm). The mode of operation of the logic gate can be switched by controlling the wavelength and intensity of the input laser, where the switching process is both lossless and reversible. A logic gate array was designed to conduct the five logic operations, with 100% accuracy, thereby providing application potential for the Internet of Things, big data, and secure solutions for data processing and transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing the impedance of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) without power loss is crucial for enhancing its energy conversion efficiency and overall performance. In this paper, a novel signal management structure, based on a newly designed sliding‐mode TENG, aimed at effectively reducing impedance by converting narrow, instantaneous signals into broader ones is presented. This transformation is accomplished by adding a grounded electrode connected to a high‐inductive inductor and fine‐tuning the parasitic capacitance of the dielectric material. Utilizing a highly resistive material like P(VDF–TrFE), a significant improvement in the TENG's performance is achieved, resulting in an increase of output power to 0.352 mW and a decrease in impedance from 3.2 to 0.3 MΩ. This results in a threefold increase in charging speed, which can be attributed to the reduced charge loss and improved matching at lower impedance. Based on these promising findings, the enhanced TENG is successfully connected to power a system for electrochemical CO2 reduction for CO production. This system effectively reduces the required electrochemical reduction potential by ≈15% under real environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Critical thinking and argumentative writing are considered complex but essential skills for learners. However, few studies have examined how instructions can be designed to optimize the development of such skills simultaneously. Contextualized in flipped language classrooms, this study aimed to develop an instructional innovation for English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. Objectives: This study investigated the effects of an annotation‐supported Socratic questioning (ASSQ) approach as a flipped classroom enhancement on students' argumentative writing and critical thinking in an EFL writing course. Methods: Fifty students from two classes participated in the study, and they were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a comparison group. Following an 8‐week flipped learning curriculum, the experimental group learned with the proposed ASSQ approach in the enhanced flipped classroom, while the comparison group was exposed to the traditional flipped classroom. Students' argumentative writing performance was evaluated with their argumentative essays using a researcher‐developed writing rubric, and their critical thinking skills were assessed using the California Critical Thinking Skills Test. Results: Both groups significantly improved their argumentative writing, and the experimental group also significantly outperformed the comparison group after learning through the proposed approach. While the two groups had no significant difference in critical thinking skills, the within‐group comparison results revealed that the experimental group made significant improvements due to the instructional intervention. Implications: The ASSQ approach could enhance the flipped classroom in regard to the teaching of argumentative writing, whereas it bears only limited impact on critical thinking. Overall, the positive effect of the proposed approach on enhancing English learners' argumentative writing performance was mainly attributed to the combined affordances of Socratic questioning and a social annotation tool to scaffold the students' thinking through verbal articulation, and to visualize their thinking with social annotations throughout the flipped learning process. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Recent research has indicated that flipped classrooms can provide a more engaging context for encouraging active learning of students than traditional lecture‐based classrooms.Socratic questioning, which uses thought‐provoking questioning prompts to guide discussions, has been shown to be an active learning strategy to foster students' critical thinking skills.Social annotation tools are helpful in facilitating students' active learning in reading and comprehension. What this paper adds: This study proposed an annotation‐supported Socratic questioning (ASSQ) approach, merging the use of a social annotation tool and an active learning strategy, to enhance the instructional design of flipped language classrooms for English learners.Under the flipped learning conditions, the experimental group who learned with the ASSQ approach significantly outperformed the comparison group without this aid in argumentative writing performance.Under the flipped learning conditions, the proposed ASSQ approach could help both groups of students make satisfactory improvement in critical thinking skills, but there was no significant difference between the groups. Implications for practice: The combination of a social annotation tool and Socratic questioning into an integrated active learning approach can be applied to effectively flip argumentative writing courses for English learners.The proposed ASSQ approach can be adopted in longitudinal studies to explore its potential effect on critical thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the methods and tools used for generating and analyzing data from polyploid species in plant sciences. Despite decades of research, there are still unexplored frontiers at the molecular, phylogenetic, ecological, and evolutionary levels due to the complexity of multiple genomes in a single nucleus. The special issue features eight articles that provide new insights and techniques for studying polyploid lineages, including methods for determining ploidy levels, analyzing genomic data, understanding subgenome dynamics, and examining phenotypic changes. These advancements will accelerate research into the nature and impact of polyploidy in plant taxa. [Extracted from the article]

SUMMARY: Rhodiola L. is a genus that has undergone rapid radiation in the mid‐Miocene and may represent a typic case of adaptive radiation. Many species of Rhodiola have also been widely used as an important adaptogen in traditional medicines for centuries. However, a lack of high‐quality chromosome‐level genomes hinders in‐depth study of its evolution and biosynthetic pathway of secondary metabolites. Here, we assembled two chromosome‐level genomes for two Rhodiola species with different chromosome number and sexual system. The assembled genome size of R. chrysanthemifolia (2n = 14; hermaphrodite) and R. kirilowii (2n = 22; dioecious) were of 402.67 and 653.62 Mb, respectively, with approximately 57.60% and 69.22% of transposable elements (TEs). The size difference between the two genomes was mostly due to proliferation of long terminal repeat‐retrotransposons (LTR‐RTs) in the R. kirilowii genome. Comparative genomic analysis revealed possible gene families responsible for high‐altitude adaptation of Rhodiola, including a homolog of plant cysteine oxidase 2 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPCO2), which is part of the core molecular reaction to hypoxia and contributes to the stability of Group VII ethylene response factors (ERF‐VII). We found extensive chromosome fusion/fission events and structural variations between the two genomes, which might have facilitated the initial rapid radiation of Rhodiola. We also identified candidate genes in the biosynthetic pathway of salidroside. Overall, our results provide important insights into genome evolution in plant rapid radiations, and possible roles of chromosome fusion/fission and structure variation played in rapid speciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Agarwood, a fragrant resinous wood mainly formed by Aquilaria spp., is used worldwide as a natural fragrance and traditional medicine. A large amount of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg leaves are underutilised during the process of the agarwood industry, and the development of A. sinensis leaves as tea has recently attracted more and more attention. However, the small molecule profile of A. sinensis leaves and their bioactivities has been rarely reported. Objective: To conduct a rapid untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis of A. sinensis leaves with a molecular networking (MN) strategy and evaluate its antioxidant and antidiabetic value. Method: A MN‐assisted tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis strategy was used to investigate the small molecule profile of A. sinensis leaves. Additionally, the integration of antioxidant and α‐glucosidase inhibitory assays with MN analysis was executed to expeditiously characterise the bioactive compounds for potential prospective application. Results: Five main chemical groups including phenol C‐glycosides, organic acids, 2‐(2‐phenylethyl) chromones, benzophenone O‐glycosides and flavonoids were rapidly revealed from the A. sinensis leaves. Eighty‐one compounds were provisionally identified by comparing their MS/MS fragments with canonical pathways. The featured xanthone C‐glycosides and benzophenone C‐glycosides were recognised as the primary components of A. sinensis leaves. Several dimers and a trimer of mangiferin were reported firstly in A. sinensis leaves. Furthermore, 17 and 14 potential bioactive molecules were rapidly annotated from antioxidant and α‐glucosidase inhibitory fraction, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings will help expand the utilisation of A. sinensis leaves and thus promote the high‐quality development of agarwood industry. The current work clarifies the phytochemical makeup of A. sinensis leaves using the MN strategy. The phenol C‐glycosides including xanthone C‐glycosides and benzophenone C‐glycosides were characterized as the primary components in the methanolic extract of A. sinensis leaves. Several dimers and a trimer of mangiferin were reported firstly in A. sinensis leaves in our research. Moreover, 17 and 14 potential bioactive molecules were rapidly annotated from antioxidant and α‐glucosidase inhibitory fraction through the integration of MN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this study, we investigate the genetic mechanisms responsible for the loss of anthocyanins in betalain‐pigmented Caryophyllales, considering our hypothesis of multiple transitions to betalain pigmentation.Utilizing transcriptomic and genomic datasets across 357 species and 31 families, we scrutinize 18 flavonoid pathway genes and six regulatory genes spanning four transitions to betalain pigmentation. We examined evidence for hypotheses of wholesale gene loss, modified gene function, altered gene expression, and degeneration of the MBW (MYB‐bHLH‐WD40) trasnscription factor complex, within betalain‐pigmented lineages.Our analyses reveal that most flavonoid synthesis genes remain conserved in betalain‐pigmented lineages, with the notable exception of TT19 orthologs, essential for the final step in anthocyanidin synthesis, which appear to have been repeatedly and entirely lost. Additional late‐stage flavonoid pathway genes upstream of TT19 also manifest strikingly reduced expression in betalain‐pigmented species. Additionally, we find repeated loss and alteration in the MBW transcription complex essential for canonical anthocyanin synthesis.Consequently, the loss and exclusion of anthocyanins in betalain‐pigmented species appear to be orchestrated through several mechanisms: loss of a key enzyme, downregulation of synthesis genes, and degeneration of regulatory complexes. These changes have occurred iteratively in Caryophyllales, often coinciding with evolutionary transitions to betalain pigmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with the rapid advances in genomics leading to broad understanding of human disease, the linkage between chemical exposome and diseases is still under investigation. High‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is expected to accelerate the process via relatively accurate and precise biomonitoring of human exposome. This review covers recent advancements in biomonitoring of exposed environmental chemicals (chemical exposome) using HRMS described in the 124 articles that resulted from a systematic literature search on Medline and Web of Science databases. The analytical strategic aspects, including the selection of specimens, sample preparation, instrumentation, untargeted versus targeted analysis, and workflows for MS‐based biomonitoring to explore the environmental chemical space of human exposome, are deliberated. Applications of HRMS in human exposome investigation are presented by biomonitoring (1) exposed chemical compounds and their biotransformation products; (2) DNA/protein adducts; and (3) endogenous compound perturbations. Challenges and future perspectives are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes substantial physical, emotional and psychological burdens. Guselkumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds to the p19 subunit of interleukin‐23, has demonstrated high levels of efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Objective: To evaluate the effect of guselkumab on the treatment of HS, a phase 2, multicentre, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, proof‐of‐concept study was conducted. Methods: Patients ≥18 years of age with moderate‐to‐severe HS for ≥1 year were randomized to (1) guselkumab 200 mg by subcutaneous (SC) injection every 4 weeks (q4w) through Week 36 (guselkumab SC); (2) guselkumab 1200 mg intravenously (IV) q4w for 12 weeks, then switched to guselkumab 200 mg SC q4w from Weeks 12 through 36 (guselkumab IV); or (3) placebo for 12 weeks, with re‐randomization to guselkumab 200 mg SC q4w at Weeks 16 through 36 (placebo → guselkumab 200 mg) or guselkumab 100 mg SC at Weeks 16, 20, 28 and 36 and placebo at Weeks 24 and 32 (placebo → guselkumab 100 mg). End points included HS clinical response (HiSCR) and patient‐reported outcomes. Results: Although guselkumab SC or guselkumab IV resulted in numerically higher HiSCR versus placebo at Week 16 (50.8%, 45.0%, 38.7%, respectively), statistical significance was not achieved. Numerically greater improvements in patient‐reported outcomes were also observed for guselkumab SC and guselkumab IV versus placebo at Week 16. Through Week 40, no clear differences to suggest a dose response were observed for HiSCR and patient‐reported outcomes. Conclusions: Despite modest improvements, the primary end point was not met and the overall findings do not support the efficacy of guselkumab in the treatment of HS. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT 03628924. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with psoriasis were randomized to guselkumab, placebo or adalimumab in the VOYAGE 1 and VOYAGE 2 studies. In this post hoc analysis, difficult‐to‐treat psoriasis regions in the Asian subpopulation for both the guselkumab and adalimumab groups were compared with placebo at week 16 and the active treatment groups were compared at week 24. Endpoints included patients achieving scores of 0 or 1 (clear or near clear) or 0 (clear) on the scalp‐specific Investigator's Global Assessment (ss‐IGA), Physician's Global Assessment of the hands and/or feet (hf‐PGA), and fingernail PGA (f‐PGA), and percentage improvement in target Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) score through week 24. Efficacy was also assessed by prior biologic experience at baseline. A total of 199 eligible Asian patients were included. The proportion of patients achieving "clear" or "near clear" with guselkumab was superior to adalimumab at week 24 for scalp psoriasis ss‐IGA (Asian patients, 72 [85.7%] vs 35 [67.3%], P = 0.004), hands and/or feet psoriasis hf‐PGA (29 [82.9%] vs 16 [61.5%], P = 0.054), and similar for fingernail psoriasis f‐PGA (28 [63.6%] vs 17 [54.8%], P = 0.412). Guselkumab mean improvements in NAPSI were comparable to adalimumab (39.9% vs 35.9%, P = 0.618). Overall, the complete clearance response of scalp, and hands and/or feet at week 24 occurred in a greater proportion of patients in the guselkumab group, irrespective of baseline biologic status (treatment‐naïve or treatment‐experienced). Guselkumab was superior to adalimumab for the treatment of scalp, and hands and/or feet psoriasis, and proportionally higher for fingernail psoriasis. Findings were comparable to the global study population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a combined kinetic and heat transfer model was developed to study the kinetics and predict thermal runaway of vinyl chloride (VC) suspension polymerization. Reactor temperature, monomer conversion, mole of initiator, radical concentrations in the two phases (i.e., VC‐rich phase and PVC‐rich phase), and average molecular properties were mapped during non‐isothermal processes. Meanwhile, the risk of thermal runaway was evaluated using S–Z (divergence) and H–J criteria. Simulation results show that a lower jacket temperature Tj and a larger heat transfer coefficient U are able to postpone or even avoid the risk of thermal runaway. Both of the criteria serve well for the prediction of thermal runaway during non‐isothermal processes. To prevent the occurrence of thermal runaway to the greatest extent, model‐based design of strategies for an isothermal polymerization process was done. Specifically, either jacket temperature Tj or heat transfer coefficient U can be fine‐tuned to maintain a 50°C isothermal process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research on ferroelectric photovoltaic materials is concentrated on enhancing the output photocurrent. As solar cells operate at high temperatures, it is crucial to take into account the effect of increasing temperatures on ferroelectric photovoltaics. In this study, an LNO (lanthanum nickelate, LaNiO3)/BFO (bismuth ferrate, BiFeO3)/ITO (indium tin oxide) device is constructed on a mica substrate by sol–gel method. The device achieves output photocurrent enhancement at a wide temperature range (33–183 °C), with the largest photocurrent enhancement at 130 °C, which is 178% relative to room temperature, and the output power is also increased by 9.88 times. At the same time, compared with BFO bulk, it is found that the performance of BFO film is always higher than that of bulk in the test temperature range, and the output photocurrent of BFO film at room temperature is 104 times higher than that of bulk. This article investigates the effect of high temperatures on ferroelectric photovoltaics and also provides a strategy for enhancing the photovoltaic performance of ferroelectric films, providing guidance for future applications of ferroelectric films in flexible solar cells and other applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the widespread use of small‐scale and low‐power electronic devices, the demand for micro‐energy sources has increased, in particular the potential to harvest the wide variety of energy sources present in their surrounding environment. In this paper, a novel coupled nanogenerator that can realize energy harvesting for multiple energy sources is reported. Based on the unique electrical properties of ferroelectric Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) materials, it is possible to combine a photovoltaic cell, pyroelectric nanogenerator, and triboelectric‐piezoelectric nanogenerator in a single element to harvest light, heat, and mechanical energy simultaneously. To evaluate the effectiveness of coupling for different materials, a Yang coupling factor (kC,Q) is defined in terms of transferred charge, where BNT has the largest kC,Q of 1.29 during heating, indicating that BNT has the best coupling enhancement compared to common ferroelectric materials. This new criterion and novel device structure therefore provide a new basis for the future development of coupled nanogenerators which are capable of harvesting multiple sources of energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence on the influence of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression on the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) in EGFR‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is at variance. Methods: A single‐center retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the influence of PD‐L1 expression on the efficacy of EGFR‐TKIs for NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation. Clinical information was retrieved from electronic medical records. The patients were divided into three subgroups according to PD‐L1 expression level: PD‐L1 < 1% (negative), PD‐L1 1%–49% and PD‐L1 ≥ 50%. The clinicopathological features, overall response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS) and comutation information were collected and compared between the three subgroups. Results: A total of 117 patients were included. For PD‐L1 < 1%, PD‐L1 1%–49% and PD‐L1 ≥ 50% group, there were 39 (33.3%), 51 (43.5%) and 27 (23.0%) patients respectively, and the ORR was 43.2%, 64.0%, and 51.9%, respectively (p = 0.162), and the median progression‐free survival (mPFS) was 22.0 months (95% CI: 14.0–29.9 months), 15.4 months (95% CI: 8.9–21.8 months) and 13.0 months (95% CI: 10.6–15.3 months), respectively (log‐rank, p = 0.01). The mPFS was negatively correlated with PD‐L1 expression level (r = −0.264, p = 0.041) and PD‐L1 expression was an independent risk factor for worse PFS of EGFR‐TKIs in multivariate Cox regression. Patients with concurrent TP53 mutation had shorter PFS (p = 0.039) and the patients harboring both mutant TP53 and positive PD‐L1 had the shortest PFS (p = 0.006). Conclusions: The efficacy of EGFR‐TKIs was influenced by the baseline PD‐L1 expression. Higher PD‐L1 expression was associated with shorter PFS. The combined indicators of TP53 and PD‐L1 identified subgroups showing divergent benefits from EGFR‐TKIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Taiwan has one of the highest incidences of upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) worldwide, especially in women; however, no nationwide, long‐term follow‐up study has evaluated this. Methods: We investigated the incidence of UTUC in Taiwan using data from the national population‐based Taiwan Cancer Registry database (1985–2019). We divided the birth cohort into nine 5‐year age groups and calculated the age‐specific incidence for these groups according to the corresponding birth years. Results: The average annual percent change in the incidence of renal pelvis cancer from 1985 to 2019 showed sex‐specific differences, with 3.5% and 5.3% increases in the incidences in men and women, respectively. The age‐specific incidence rate for renal pelvis cancer among women showed a gradual increase in the group with older women as well as an increase over time in each age group. The results of a birth cohort analysis revealed that younger cohorts had higher incidence rates of renal pelvis cancer than older cohorts did. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the incidence of UTUC is unusually high among older Taiwanese women and that younger cohorts have a high risk of UTUC than older cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI) was often observed after surgeries, causing a lot of suffering to patients. Inflammation and apoptosis were critical determinants during MIRI. We conveyed experiments to reveal the regulatory functions of circHECTD1 in MIRI development. The Rat MIRI model was established and determined by 2,3,5‐triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. We analyzed cell apoptosis using TUNEL and flow cytometry. Proteins expression was evaluated by western blot. The RNA level was determined by qRT‐PCR. Secreted inflammatory factors were analyzed by ELISA assay. To predict the interaction sequences on circHECTD1, miR‐138‐5p, and ROCK2, bioinformatics analysis was performed. Dual‐luciferase assay was used to confirm these interaction sequences. CircHECTD1 and ROCK2 were upregulated in the rat MIRI model, while miR‐138‐5p was decreased. CircHECTD1 knockdown alleviated H/R‐induced inflammation in H9c2 cells. Direct interaction and regulation of circHECTD1/miR‐138‐5p and miR‐138‐5p/ROCK2 were confirmed by dual‐luciferase assay. CircHECTD1 promoted H/R‐induced inflammation and cell apoptosis by inhibiting miR‐138‐5p. miR‐138‐5p alleviated H/R‐induced inflammation, while ectopic ROCK2 antagonized such effect of miR‐138‐5p. Our research suggested that the circHECTD1‐modulated miR‐138‐5p suppressing is responsible for ROCK2 activation during H/R‐induced inflammatory response, providing a novel insight into MIRI‐associated inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the developmentand introduction of an important new international health survey research program, HINTS‐China, which builds upon HINTS, the established national repeated‐measure US‐based survey that has been used over the past decade to inform national public health policies. The major goal of the first two administrations of the HINTS‐China surveys in 2012 and 2017 was to examine health communication patterns and trends related to the access and use of relevant health information in China. The HINTS surveys, both in the United States and in China, recognize that health is a social as well as a biological phenomenon, involving communication to inform the public about healthy behaviors and lifestyles. The preliminary results of the two HINTS‐China surveys have provided important insights into important health issues in China, including problems concerning food safety misinformation, the power of interpersonal communication as a major source of health information, the strong influences of television in shaping public knowledge about health issues, and about the perceived credibility and trust of different health information sources in China. The surveys found that socioeconomic status serves as a significant predictor of accurate public judgments about food safety misinformation, that the public tends to trust traditional media (print, radio, and television) for accessing health information more than they do digital media, and that self‐affirmation tends to moderate access to and use of relevant health information. Key points: The development and introduction of HINTS‐China, an important international health survey.Health communication patterns and trends related to the access and use of relevant health information in China.Insights into important health issues in China, including food safety misinformation, the power of interpersonal communication, and the strong influences of television in shaping public knowledge.Socioeconomic status significantly predicts accurate public judgments about food safety misinformation, and self‐affirmation tends to moderate access to and use of relevant health information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, some traffic information prediction methods have been proposed to provide the precise information on travel time, vehicle speed and traffic flow for highways. However, huge errors may be obtained by these methods for urban roads or alternative roads of highways. Therefore, this study proposes a travel time prediction method based on convolutional neural networks to extract important factors for the improvement of traffic information prediction. In practical experimental environments, the travel time records on No. 5 Highway and its alternative roads were collected and used to evaluate the proposed method. The results showed that the mean absolute percentage error of the proposed method was about 5.69%. Therefore, the proposed method based on deep‐learning techniques can improve the accuracy of travel time prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing need to process a diverse range of data has ignited effort in developing new multifunctional logic gate devices. In this article, we report a new form of all‐in‐one logic gate system that exploits the photoresponsivity of a self‐powered multifunctional BiFeO3 (BFO) sensor material. The BFO sensor can not only detect both light intensity and temperature, but it can also execute three common logic gates of "AND", "OR", and "NOT" by converting optical and thermal inputs into electrical output. The diverse functionality of the BFO logic gate sensor array utilizes the unique light‐and temperature‐controlled energy band structure and carrier behavior of the BFO material. To demonstrate the potential, a 3 × 3 logic gate sensor matrix is developed, which successfully detected light and temperature distributions, and accurately produced the three basic logic gate operations. This work provides a new route to construct highly integrated multifunctional electronic devices for the advancement of large sensing, communication, and computing operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of symmetrical and unsymmetrical (indolyl)methanes were synthesized using the Ball milling methodology. The redox switching of the prepared compounds was studied by exploiting their multi‐responsive behavior towards oxidants (light/oxygen), reductants (NaBH4, hydrogen with Pd/C or palladium‐doped magnetic nanoparticles) and electrochemical modulation. Coumarin‐derived (indolyl)methane exhibited distinct color variation and emission On/Off during the redox switching which could be useful in materials/biomaterials applications. Overall, this paper describes the design, synthesis and demonstration of the multi‐responsive behavior of (indolyl)methanes towards redox switching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does allergen immunotherapy impact the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19? Allergic asthma (AA) and allergic rhinitis (AR) might be protective against SRAS-CoV-2 infection and progress to severe disease of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).[1] COVID-19 vaccination was safe and well tolerated in patients receiving allergen immunotherapy (AIT),[[2]] and the adherence to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) was not affected during COVID-19 pandemic.[4] AIT induces allergen-specific tolerance by attenuating allergen-specific T helper 2 (Th2) cells and inducing regulatory T and B cells and interleukin (IL)-10.[5] We hypothesized that AIT may have a protective impact on the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. Patients with SCIT had a lower proportion of both at least one dose and completed three doses of COVID-19 vaccines when compared to allergy and non-allergy groups ( I p i = 0.000) (Table S1). [Extracted from the article]

To investigate the effectiveness of multicomponent integrated care on clinical outcomes among patients with chronic heart failure. We conducted a meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials, published in English language from inception to 20 April 2022, with at least 3‐month implementation of multicomponent integrated care (defined as two or more quality improvement strategies from different domains, viz. the healthcare system, healthcare providers, and patients). The study outcomes were mortality (all‐cause or cardiovascular) and healthcare utilization (hospital readmission or emergency department visits). We pooled the risk ratio (RR) using Mantel–Haenszel test. A total of 105 trials (n = 37 607 patients with chronic heart failure; mean age 67.9 ± 7.3 years; median duration of intervention 12 months [interquartile range 6–12 months]) were analysed. Compared with usual care, multicomponent integrated care was associated with reduced risk for all‐cause mortality [RR 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86–0.95], cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60–0.88), all‐cause hospital readmission (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–1.00), heart failure‐related hospital readmission (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79–0.89), and all‐cause emergency department visits (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.98). Heart failure‐related mortality (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.74–1.18) and cardiovascular‐related hospital readmission (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.79–1.03) were not significant. The top three quality improvement strategies for all‐cause mortality were promotion of self‐management (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.93), facilitated patient–provider communication (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81–0.93), and e‐health (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81–0.96). Multicomponent integrated care reduced risks for mortality (all‐cause and cardiovascular related), hospital readmission (all‐cause and heart failure related), and all‐cause emergency department visits among patients with chronic heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An autonomous underwater glider was deployed in the Maluku Channel during 1 December 2018 through 21 February 2019 to measure temperature and salinity profiles of the upper ∼1,000 m continuously. The measurements suggest intraseasonal variations of the Pacific water mass intrusions into the Maluku Channel, which has not been reported before. The North Pacific Tropical and Intermediate Waters are found to intrude episodically into the eastern Maluku Channel at the depths of 130–180 m and 250–300 m, respectively, during January through February of 2019, each lasting for a few days to a week. The Antarctic Intermediate Water was present in the middle and western Maluku Channel between 600 and 800 m with intraseasonal variability. The South Pacific Subsurface Water was only found to intrude into the eastern Maluku Channel between 250 and 300 m during the first two transections in early December of 2018. Concurrent meter data from three moorings in the Maluku and Talaud‐Halmahera Channels are used to verify the water mass movement. The subsurface and intermediate water mass variations here are found to be closely related to the swing of the Mindanao Current near the Maluku Channel. These intraseasonal water mass intrusions are important aspects of water exchange between the western Pacific Ocean and the Indonesian seas. Plain Language Summary: Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) carries a large amount of mass, heat and salt from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean, playing an important role in global ocean circulation and climate. The Maluku Channel is one of the main passages of the eastern Indonesian seas, the ocean circulation of which has been poorly observed in history. The water exchange between the Pacific and Indian Ocean through the eastern Indonesian seas is not clear so far. An autonomous underwater glider was used to collect salinity and temperature profiles of the upper 1,000 m in the Maluku Channel for nearly 3 months in the winter of 2018–2019. Three moorings were also deployed to measure the movement of the water masses. These measurements have shown for the first time that the North Pacific Intermediate Water, the Antarctic Intermediate Water, and the South Pacific Subsurface Water have intruded into the Maluku Channel, sometimes episodically. The presence of the Pacific water masses in the Indonesian seas has shed light on the pathway of the ITF, the importance of which is profound on global ocean circulation and climate change. Key Points: The North Pacific Intermediate Water intruded into the Maluku Channel at the depths of 250–300 m in the winter 2018/2019The Antarctic Intermediate Water was present in the middle and western Maluku Channel between 600 and 800 m with intraseasonal variabilityThe distribution of the water masses in the Maluku Channel is different and closely related to the retroflection of the Mindanao Current [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, composting cultivation method is widely used in oyster mushroom production. In this study, we focused on the effects of composting processes on nutritional qualities and antioxidant activity of Pleurotus floridanus mushroom fruiting bodies. Three treatments of different composting time (2, 4, and 5 days) were performed with an atmospheric sterilization treatment as the control. The results showed that the pH value, total carbon content, and total nitrogen content of substrate were critical parameters which would significantly affect mushroom qualities and bioactivities. Fruiting bodies of the control demonstrated significantly higher crude protein content, total amino acid content, and essential amino acid content than that of composting treatments. Moreover, fruiting bodies of treatment D4 and D5 manifested significantly higher crude polysaccharide contents. Crude polysaccharide of treatment D4 represented the highest scavenging ability toward both radical 3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS·+) and Hydroxyl radical (OH·). It suggests that composting processes is suitable for oyster mushroom cultivation based on nutritional and antioxidant qualities of fruiting bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid technological development, self‐powered sensor systems that are capable of operating without an external power supply are becoming more and more crucial in the field of sensing and detection. One of the major drawbacks of a typical sensor is the necessity of an external power supply or batteries, which makes sensor systems more complex and less handy for mobile devices. In the last decade's improvement of triboelectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and thermoelectric nanogenerators and their performance in electrical output and mechanical stability, it becomes widely used in the field of self‐power sensing systems for healthcare, mechanical and environmental applications. Here in this review, the various types of nanogenerators working principles is first discussed, the output performance is analyzed, and then their recent progress in the application of self‐powered sensor systems, including biomedical and healthcare, wearable devices, physical applications, robotics, environmental monitoring, and smart cities, is highlighted. Except for the practical application of self‐powered sensors, a future outlook of the self‐powered sensor systems is prognosticated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harvesting solar energy to solve the energy crisis and environmental pollution is a research hotspot in the photovoltaic industry today. Conventional ferroelectric materials have a bandgap between 3.0 and 3.8 eV, and their low absorption coefficients and photocurrent densities limit the photovoltaic applications of ferroelectric materials. Inorganic ferroelectric thin film materials with narrow bandgap (1.1–2.0 eV) have high optical absorption coefficient and broad spectral response, wide bandgap tuning range (1.2–3.0 eV), as well as high photocurrent density and switchable ferroelectric photoelectric effect, which have great potential for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications in solar cells, photodetection, photocatalysis. This review summarizes the recent developments of narrow bandgap inorganic ferroelectric thin‐film materials and aims to stimulate research interest and efforts in ferroelectric photovoltaic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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