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For centuries, Gram‐negative pathogens have infected the human population and been responsible for numerous diseases in animals and plants. Despite advancements in therapeutics, Gram‐negative pathogens continue to evolve, with some having developed multi‐drug resistant phenotypes. For the successful control of infections caused by these bacteria, we need to widen our understanding of the mechanisms of host–pathogen interactions. Gram‐negative pathogens utilise an array of effector proteins to hijack the host system to survive within the host environment. These proteins are secreted into the host system via various secretion systems, including the integral Type III secretion system (T3SS). The T3SS spans two bacterial membranes and one host membrane to deliver effector proteins (virulence factors) into the host cell. This multifaceted process has multiple layers of regulation and various checkpoints. In this review, we highlight the multiple strategies adopted by these pathogens to regulate or maintain virulence via the T3SS, encompassing the regulation of small molecules to sense and communicate with the host system, as well as master regulators, gatekeepers, chaperones, and other effectors that recognise successful host contact. Further, we discuss the regulatory links between the T3SS and other systems, like flagella and metabolic pathways including the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, anaerobic metabolism, and stringent cell response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: Public water systems should assess their compliance with regulatory requirements and be prepared for additional scrutiny from regulators. The US Environmental Protection Agency may apply pressure to include climate‐related assessments in Section 1433 risk and resilience plans. Regulators have the authority to seek information from utilities and inspect facilities. Utilities operating in overburdened communities should be especially aware of regulatory requirements and be prepared for more inspections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Key Takeaways: A constellation of factors, both environmental and operational, is threatening many water utilities' ability to succeed. Improvement can come from multiple channels in terms of sufficient utility planning, guidance from the water industry, and support from stakeholders and regulators. The Water 2050 initiative takes a long view of ensuring optimal water system operation through the lens of technology, sustainability, economics, governance, and social and demographic issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water treatment plant operators need to understand manganese's effects on the DPD method when measuring free chlorine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outer segment phagocytosis (OSP) is a highly‐regulated, biological process wherein photoreceptor outer segment (OS) tips are cyclically phagocytosed by the adjacent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Often an overlooked retinal process, rhythmic OSP ensures the maintenance of healthy photoreceptors and vision. Daily, the photoreceptors renew OS at their base and the most distal, and likely oldest, OS tips, are phagocytosed by the RPE, preventing the accumulation of photo‐oxidative compounds by breaking down phagocytosed OS tips and recycling useful components to the photoreceptors. Light changes often coincide with an escalation of OSP and within hours the phagosomes formed in each RPE cell are resolved. In the last two decades, individual molecular regulators were elucidated. Some of the molecular machinery used by RPE cells for OSP is highly similar to mechanisms used by other phagocytic cells for the clearance of apoptotic cells. Consequently, in the RPE, many molecular regulators of retinal phagocytosis have been elucidated. However, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the key regulators of physiological OSP in vivo between endogenous photoreceptors and the RPE. Understanding the regulation of OSP is of significant clinical interest as age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and inherited retinal diseases (IRD) are linked with altered OSP. Here, we review the in vivo timing of OSP peaks in selected species and focus on the reported in vivo environmental and molecular regulators of OSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trust is the "glue" connecting state and society and particularly relevant to how front‐line workers, who are the face of public administration vis‐à‐vis citizens, implement policy. Therefore, it is important to examine how front‐line workers' absence of trust in regulators influences the ways they cope with their clients. Our study investigates this question empirically through interviews and focus groups with 80 Israeli social service providers. Our results show that front‐line workers' distrust in regulators is a product of four factors: perceived lack of protection, clash of values, politicization in implementation processes, and regulators' "disconnection" from the field. It leads them to adopt two coping strategies: acts of self‐protection and deviation from formal policy. A further derivative is their turnover intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research about professional trajectories of regulators highlights the exchange of personnel from independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) to the private sector, mainly based on US evidence. However, current studies indicate that revolving doors in different contexts may share more nuances, reflecting the role of different political institutions. Here we rely on sequence analysis to explore the trajectories of 117 Brazilian board members of IRAs, investigating: What are their typical professional trajectories? Which career path receives most of the benefits in postterm positions? The analysis uncovers five clusters of career paths in which most regulators do not transition between the public and private sectors but still benefit in direct and indirect ways from serving terms in IRAs. A different mix of market/bureaucratic/political incentives plays a role in the patterns of professional trajectories we uncover in Brazil. Depending on the context, regulators' trajectories might be driven by either market or state forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The yeast Candida albicans is primarily a commensal of humans that colonizes the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal and genital tracts. Yet, C. albicans can under certain circumstances undergo a shift from commensalism to pathogenicity. This transition is governed by fungal factors such as morphological transitions, environmental cues for instance relationships with gut microbiota and the host immune system. C. albicans utilizes distinct sets of regulatory programs to colonize or infect its host and to evade the host defense systems. Moreover, an orchestrated iron acquisition mechanism operates to adapt to specific niches with variable iron availability. Studies on regulatory networks and morphogenesis of these two distinct modes of C. albicans growth, suggest that both yeast and hyphal forms exist in both growth patterns and the regulatory circuits are inter‐connected. Here, we summarize current knowledge about C. albicans commensal‐to‐pathogen shift, its regulatory elements and their contribution to human disease. Take aways: Both yeast and hyphal cell co‐exist during commensal and pathogenic growth of C. albicans.Hyphal‐specific virulence factors decide the shift from commensal to pathogenic growth of C. albicans.An integrated regulatory circuit of C. albicans commensalism and pathogenicity evolved to respond to niche‐specific signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The longer you operate a water utility, the greater the chance you'll be required to start a new process, or even a new water treatment plant, from scratch. What took months to design and construct is now all yours to operate. You've got to be ready to start—now! [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in radio frequency technology can boost productivity, increase efficiency, and save money for water and wastewater utilities. Wi‐Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular have great potential for remote process monitoring and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rent seeking within the vast informal segment of the developing world is a relatively under‐explored topic in the interface of labor market policies and public economics. Moreover, how rent seeking and corruption within the informal segment gets affected by economic reforms targeted for the formal sector is rarely discussed in the literature. This paper fills the gap. We identify conditions under which economic reform in the formal segment will increase the rate of corruption or rent seeking in the informal sector and raise the pay‐off for those involved in rent‐seeking activities. When the formal sector contracts due to reforms, rent seeking in the informal sector may increase and lower the level of welfare unconditionally. Economic reforms may increase corruption instead of reducing it, unlike standard conjectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring Requirements Under the proposed rule (Table 2), covered water systems would be required to monitor for all six PFAS at EPTDSs using either EPA Method 533 or 537.1. EPA committed to evaluating available science to determine whether there is support for a PFAS drinking water regulation in its March 2021 positive regulatory determination for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). Keywords: Acids; State Regulations; Federal Regulations; Compliance; Standards; Water Contamination; Water Systems; Monitoring; Community Water System; United States; Regulators; State Legislation; Federal Legislation; Health Effects EN Acids State Regulations Federal Regulations Compliance Standards Water Contamination Water Systems Monitoring Community Water System United States Regulators State Legislation Federal Legislation Health Effects 6 7 2 05/09/23 20230501 NES 230501 Marking a major milestone on its strategic roadmap for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced drinking water standards for six PFAS on March 14, 2023, which were officially published on March 29. [Extracted from the article]

Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K), a crucial signaling molecule, is regulated by various upstream regulators. Traditionally, receptor tyrosine kinases and G protein‐coupled receptor are regarded as its principle upstream regulators; however, recent reports have indicated that spleen tyrosine kinase, β‐arrestin2, Janus kinase, and RAS can also perform this role. Dysregulation of PI3K is common in the progression of various diseases, including, but not limited to, tumors, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute myelogenous leukemia. The aim of this review is to provide a perspective on PI3K‐related diseases examining both the classical and nonclassical upstream regulators of PI3K in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lung metastasis of breast cancer involves complicated regulatory changes driven by chromatin remodelling. However, the epigenetic reprogramming and regulatory mechanisms in lung metastasis of breast cancer remain unclear. Here, we generated and analysed genome‐wide profiles of multiple histone modifications (H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3, H3K4me1 and H3K9me3), as well as transcriptome data in lung‐metastatic and non‐lung‐metastatic breast cancer cells. Our results showed that the expression changes were correlated with the enrichment of specific histone modifications in promoters and enhancers. Promoter and enhancer reprogramming regulated gene expression in a synergetic way, and involved in multiple important biological processes and pathways. In addition, lots of gained super‐enhancers were identified in lung‐metastatic cells. We also identified master regulators driving differential gene expression during lung metastasis of breast cancer. We found that the cooperations between regulators were much closer in lung‐metastatic cells. Moreover, regulators such as TFAP2C, GTF2I and LMO4 were found to have potential prognostic value for lung metastasis free (LMF) survival of breast cancer. Functional studies motivated by our data analyses uncovered an important role of LMO4 in regulating metastasis. This study provided comprehensive insights into regulatory mechanisms, as well as potential prognostic markers for lung metastasis of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Enhancers, as the genomic non‐coding sequences, play a key role in the activation of gene expression. They have been widely identified in the human genome. Pig is an important biomedical model for human health. Few studies have been performed to explore the enhancers in the pig genome. The human enhancer information may be useful to identify enhancers in the pig genome. In addition, the genetic background of pig traits could be useful to annotate human enhancers and diseases. Thus, in order to further study enhancers and their potential roles in human and pig, we developed a public database, ETph (Enhancers and their Targets in pig and human). ETph integrates the information on human enhancers, pig putative enhancers, target genes, pig QTL terms, human diseases, GO terms and the KEGG pathway. A total of 25 182 enhancers were identified in the pig genome using the human homology sequence information. Among them, 6232 high‐confidence enhancers were used to build the ETph. ETph provides a convenient platform to search, browse and download data. Moreover, a web‐based analytical tool was designed to visualize networks and topology graphs among pig putative enhancers, target genes, pig QTL traits and human diseases. ETph might provide a useful tool for researchers to investigate the genetic background of pig traits and human diseases. ETph is freely accessible at http://klab.sjtu.edu.cn/enhancer/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a model‐based control strategy for flux weakening operation of a synchronous reluctance machine, with a methodology that is extendible to any synchronous machine. The strategy leverages in the presence of digital non‐linear models that describe the relation between currents and flux linkages in the machine. Such models are usually needed for conventional maximum‐torque‐per‐ampere control and sensorless control, but here they are exploited to achieve flux‐weakening operation without the need of flux weakening regulators, ensuring a seamless transition between the operating regions of the machine. The external voltage regulation loop for flux weakening is thus eliminated and substituted by a combination of look‐up tables and binary searches, which are executed within one digital control period and which generate the required current and voltage references that fulfil the drive limitations. The method can also be coupled with mechanisms to compensate for magnetic parameter inaccuracies, to achieve an accurate tracking of the reference torque. The proposed solution is simulated and validated in a laboratory test bench on an 11 kW synchronous reluctance machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Utilities; Arkansas; Compliance; Water Systems; Infrastructure; Modeling; Planning; State Regulations; Federal Regulations; Small Water Systems; Public Health; Regulators; AWWA; Succession Planning; Utility Management; Engineers; Design; Consultants; Little Rock, Arkansas; Operators; Billing; Financing; Security; Watershed; Scale; Federal Funding; Regionalization; Strategic Planning; Partnerships; Contaminants EN Utilities Arkansas Compliance Water Systems Infrastructure Modeling Planning State Regulations Federal Regulations Small Water Systems Public Health Regulators AWWA Succession Planning Utility Management Engineers Design Consultants Little Rock, Arkansas Operators Billing Financing Security Watershed Scale Federal Funding Regionalization Strategic Planning Partnerships Contaminants 112 112 1 07/07/23 20230701 NES 230701 I B From David LaFrance, CEO, AWWA: b Over the past year, The Last Drop has focused on AWWA's Water 2050 initiative. Arkansas Natural Resources Division (NRD), which administers state revolving loan funds, began focusing on this when its leadership saw a trend in the funding applications that it received. In this "Takeover", Chelsea Boozer and Elizabeth Heiles discuss a project they are co-leading to develop a sustainability matrix for drinking water utilities in Arkansas. [Extracted from the article]

Microbial biofilms are a fascinating subject, due to their significant roles in the environment, industry, and health. Advances in biochemical and molecular techniques have helped in enhancing our understanding of biofilm structure and development. In the past, research on biofilms primarily focussed on health and industrial sectors; however, lately, biofilms in agriculture are gaining attention due to their immense potential in crop production, protection, and improvement. Biofilms play an important role in colonization of surfaces - soil, roots, or shoots of plants and enable proliferation in the desired niche, besides enhancing soil fertility. Although reports are available on microbial biofilms in general; scanty information is published on biofilm formation by agriculturally important microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, bacterial-fungal) and their interactions in the ecosystem. Better understanding of agriculturally important bacterial-fungal communities and their interactions can have several implications on climate change, soil quality, plant nutrition, plant protection, bioremediation, etc. Understanding the factors and genes involved in biofilm formation will help to develop more effective strategies for sustainable and environment-friendly agriculture. The present review brings together fundamental aspects of biofilms, in relation to their formation, regulatory mechanisms, genes involved, and their application in different fields, with special emphasis on agriculturally important microbial biofilms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the public's understanding of and engagement with water issues expand, the water industry needs to develop approaches that serve customers today yet keep in mind how water systems should work in the future. AWWA's Water 2050 effort seeks a long-term vision for water, and by anticipating the water industry's future needs, it can also learn to do better now. Keywords: Water Systems; Water Conservation; Strategic Planning; Market Research; AWWA; Flow; Water Resources; Water Industry; Environment; Laboratories; Channels; Regulators; Biological Filters; State Regulations; Federal Regulations; Compliance; Financing; Insurance; Pipes; Rehabilitation; Capital Improvements; Planning; Budgeting; Utilities; Water Use; Wastewater; Regeneration EN Water Systems Water Conservation Strategic Planning Market Research AWWA Flow Water Resources Water Industry Environment Laboratories Channels Regulators Biological Filters State Regulations Federal Regulations Compliance Financing Insurance Pipes Rehabilitation Capital Improvements Planning Budgeting Utilities Water Use Wastewater Regeneration 1 1 1 04/07/23 20230401 NES 230401 Once a society's water issues are resolved, time becomes its most precious resource. [Extracted from the article]

Water Conservation, Water Systems, Reuse, Surface Water, Costs, Aquifer, Aquifer Storage and Recovery, Groundwater, Environment, Climate Change, Drought, Water Use, Desalination, Energy, Permits, Dams, Lakes, Water Quality, Algae, Water Contamination, Evaporation, Wastewater, Utilities, Public Opinion, Regulators, Water Demand, Combined Sewer Overflows, Water Resources, Indirect Potable Reuse, AWWA But as with any surface water supply, there are evaporative losses, and water quality can degrade over time because of issues like algae growth or post-wildfire contamination. Keywords: Water Conservation; Water Systems; Reuse; Surface Water; Costs; Aquifer; Aquifer Storage and Recovery; Groundwater; Environment; Climate Change; Drought; Water Use; Desalination; Water Demand; Combined Sewer Overflows; Energy; Permits; Dams; Lakes; Water Resources; Water Quality; Algae; Water Contamination; Evaporation; Indirect Potable Reuse; Wastewater; Utilities; Public Opinion; Regulators; AWWA EN Water Conservation Water Systems Reuse Surface Water Costs Aquifer Aquifer Storage and Recovery Groundwater Environment Climate Change Drought Water Use Desalination Water Demand Combined Sewer Overflows Energy Permits Dams Lakes Water Resources Water Quality Algae Water Contamination Evaporation Indirect Potable Reuse Wastewater Utilities Public Opinion Regulators AWWA 1 1 1 11/03/22 20221101 NES 221101 As populations grow and climates change, the water challenges that some regions will face over the next 50 years may become existential threats. [Extracted from the article]

Federal Legislation, Utility Management, Compliance, Agricultural Water Conservation, Water Contamination, AWWA, Bromide, Power Plants, Source Water Protection, State Regulations, Federal Regulations, Source Water, Water Systems, Utilities, Watershed, Regulators, Agriculture, Financing, W Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of persistent, bioaccumulative toxins (commonly referred to as "forever chemicals") that are driving new regulations at the state and federal levels, most particularly under the SDWA and Superfund program, which will materially affect utility operations. Keywords: Source Water Protection; Federal Legislation; Utility Management; State Regulations; Federal Regulations; Compliance; Source Water; Agricultural Water Conservation; Water Contamination; AWWA; Water Systems; Bromide; Power Plants; Utilities; Watershed; Regulators; Agriculture; Financing; W EN Source Water Protection Federal Legislation Utility Management State Regulations Federal Regulations Compliance Source Water Agricultural Water Conservation Water Contamination AWWA Water Systems Bromide Power Plants Utilities Watershed Regulators Agriculture Financing W 8 8 1 10/07/22 20221001 NES 221001 The concept of source water protection for potable water - embodied in AWWA's Utility Management Standard G300, I Source Water Protection, i and originally highlighted in the 1996 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) - is making a comeback. [Extracted from the article]

Rhizobium-induced root nodules are specialized organs for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Indeterminate-type nodules are formed from an apical meristem and exhibit a spatial zonation which corresponds to successive developmental stages. To get a dynamic and integrated view of plant and bacterial gene expression associated with nodule development, we used a sensitive and comprehensive approach based upon oriented high-depth RNA sequencing coupled to laser microdissection of nodule regions. This study, focused on the association between the model legume Medicago truncatula and its symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti, led to the production of 942 million sequencing read pairs that were unambiguously mapped on plant and bacterial genomes. Bioinformatic and statistical analyses enabled in-depth comparison, at a whole-genome level, of gene expression in specific nodule zones. Previously characterized symbiotic genes displayed the expected spatial pattern of expression, thus validating the robustness of our approach. We illustrate the use of this resource by examining gene expression associated with three essential elements of nodule development, namely meristem activity, cell differentiation and selected signaling processes related to bacterial Nod factors and redox status. We found that transcription factor genes essential for the control of the root apical meristem were also expressed in the nodule meristem, while the plant mRNAs most enriched in nodules compared with roots were mostly associated with zones comprising both plant and bacterial partners. The data, accessible on a dedicated website, represent a rich resource for microbiologists and plant biologists to address a variety of questions of both fundamental and applied interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a potent inflammatory cytokine, which is implicated in acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. The activity of IL-1β is regulated by the proteolytic cleavage of its inactive precursor resulting in the mature, bioactive form of the cytokine. Cleavage of the IL-1β precursor is performed by the cysteine protease caspase-1, which is activated within protein complexes termed ‘inflammasomes’. To date, four distinct inflammasomes have been described, based on different core receptors capable of initiating complex formation. Both the host and invading pathogens need to control IL-1β production and this can be achieved by regulating inflammasome activity. However, we have, as yet, little understanding of the mechanisms of this regulation. In particular the negative feedbacks, which are critical for the host to limit collateral damage of the inflammatory response, remain largely unexplored. Recent exciting findings in this field have given us an insight into the potential of this research area in terms of opening up new therapeutic avenues for inflammatory disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gene expression patterns covering over 10 000 seed-expressed sequences were analyzed by macroarray technology in maternal tissue (mainly pericarp) and filial endosperm and embryo during barley seed development from anthesis until late maturation. Defined sets of genes showing distinct expression patterns characterized both tissue type and major developmental phases. The analysis focused on regulatory networks involved in programmed cell death (PCD) and abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated maturation. These processes were similar in the different tissues, but typically involved the expression of alternative members of a common gene family. The analysis of co-expressed gene sets and the identification of cis regulatory elements in orthologous rice gene ‘promoter’ regions suggest that PCD in the pericarp is mediated by distinct classes of proteases and is under the hormonal control of both jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene via ethylene-responsive element binding protein (EREBP) transcription factors (TFs). On the other hand, PCD in endosperm apparently involves only the ethylene pathway, but employs distinct gene family members from those active in the pericarp, and a different set of proteases and TFs. JA biosynthetic genes are hardly activated. Accordingly, JA levels are high in the pericarp but low in the endosperm during middle and late developmental stages. Similarly, genes acting in the deduced ABA biosynthetic pathway and signaling network differ between endosperm and embryo. ABA in the endosperm appears to exert an influence over storage product synthesis via SNF1 kinase. In the embryo, ABA seems to influence the acquisition of desiccation tolerance via ABA response element binding factors, but the data also suggest the existence of an ABA-independent but interactive pathway acting via the dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB) 2A TF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims : Mismatch repair gene malfunction occurs early in the carcinogenesis of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancers (HNPCCs), leading to an accelerated accumulation of mutations and possibly to change in expression of cell cycle proteins. There is strong evidence that tumorigenesis in HNPCCs differs from sporadic ones. HNPCC-related endometrial cancers are less well studied. Our aim was to compare expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins in relation to proliferation and apoptosis in HNPCC-related and sporadic endometrial cancers to identify differences in their carcinogenetic pathways. Methods and results : Eighteen HNPCC-related endometrial cancers, each matched by tumour type, stage and grade with two sporadic endometrial cancers, were examined for proliferation, apoptosis and the expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors, cyclin B1, D3 and E, p21, p27, bcl-2, bax, p53 and COX-2. No differences in proliferation or apoptotic indices were detected between HNPCC-related and sporadic endometrial cancers. Cyclin B1 expression was significantly higher in HNPCC-related cancers than in sporadic endometrial cancers. More HNPCC-related endometrial cancers had total loss of bax expression. Conclusions : Apart from differences in cyclin B1 and bax expression, HNPCC-related and sporadic endometrial cancers are comparable. The subtle differences detected are consistent with the minor clinical diversity between HNPCC-related and sporadic endometrial cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing CO2 emissions will lead to climate change and ocean acidification with severe consequences for ecosystems and for human society. Strategies are being sought to reduce emissions including the geological storage of CO2. Existing studies operate within existing oil and gas regulatory frameworks, but if other non-oil reservoir geological formations are used these existing regulations may not apply. At UK and European levels the potential environmental impacts of uncontrolled CO2 releases from storage sites have been highlighted to be of significance for regulators. Thus a new regulatory framework may be needed. The precautionary principle is likely to be adopted by regulators, so it is important that the effects of acute and chronic exposures of ecosystems to CO2 leakages are evaluated. Consequently, existing regulations are likely to be developed to include specific recommendations concerning leakages. This review shows that many basic data simply do not exist to assist regulators in this process. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationships between aspects of parenting and infants’ sleep patterns were studied longitudinally with 81 mother-child pairs. Mothers’ parenting orientation at 6 months was defined using the Facilitator-Regulator distinction. When the infants were 12 months old, mother and child participated in a laboratory-based developmental assessment which involved a brief separation episode. Upon reunion, mothers reported on their concerns during separation; they also described their child’s sleep. It was found that high maternal separation anxiety was related to night waking. In addition, night waking was more frequent among first born babies of Facilitators compared with Regulators. How maternal separation anxiety and care-giving orientation regulate aspects of the child’s sleep awaits further explanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed of Stylosanthes humilis both have hard integuments and display physiological dormancy, the latter being lost during post-harvest ageing Ethrel and 1-aminocy- clopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) partially released scarified young seed from physiological dormancy. Cobalt and silver ions and abscisic acid inhibited germination of scarified non-dormant seed. Abscisic acid also inhibited germination of young seed promoted by ACC Thiourea and ethrel plus benzyladenine showed the greatest efficacy in breaking seed dormancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 harbours two paralogous copies of the recently discovered benzoate oxidation ( box) pathway. While both copies are functional, the paralogues are differentially regulated and flanked by putative transcriptional regulators from distinct families. The putative LysR-type transcriptional regulator (LTTR) adjacent to the megaplasmid-encoded box enzymes, Bxe_C0898, has been produced recombinantly in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Gel-filtration studies show that Bxe_C0898 is a tetramer in solution, consistent with previously characterized LTTRs. Bxe_C0898 crystallized with four molecules in the asymmetric unit of the P43212/ P41212 unit cell with a solvent content of 61.19%, as indicated by processing of the X-ray diffraction data. DNA-protection assays are currently under way in order to identify potential operator regions for this LTTR and to define its role in regulation of the box pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published in the Feb. 13, 2013, Federal Register (78 FR 10270), the final Revised Total Coliform Rule (RTCR) represents the culmination of more than a decade of work by a variety of stakeholders in the drinking water community, including the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), state regulators, drinking water utilities, technical assistance providers, public health officials, environmental advocates, and consumer advocates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]