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To investigate whether endometrial thickness (ET) independently affects the live birth rate (LBR) after embryo transfer. Retrospective study. Private assisted reproductive technology center. A total of 959 single euploid frozen embryo transfers. Vitrified euploid blastocyst transfer. Live birth rate per embryo transfer. The conditional density plots did not demonstrate either a linear relationship between the ET and LBR or a threshold below which the LBR decreased perceivably. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses did not suggest a predictive value of the ET for the LBR. The area under the curve values were 0.55, 0.54, and 0.54 in the overall, programmed, and natural cycle transfers, respectively. Logistic regression analyses with age, embryo quality, day of trophectoderm biopsy, body mass index, and ET did not suggest an independent effect of the ET on the LBR. We did not identify a threshold of the ET that either precluded live birth or under which the LBR decreases perceivably. Common practice of cancelling embryo transfers when the ET is <7 mm may not be justified. Prospective studies, in which the management of the transfer cycle would not be altered by ET, would provide higher-quality evidence on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Question: Are live birth rates (LBR) different after ART cycles between women with primary or recurrent endometrioma?Summary Answer: Women with recurrent endometrioma have similar LBR as compared to patients with primary endometrioma.What Is Already Known: Recurrence rate can be as high as 29% after endometrioma excision. Prior studies on management of endometrioma before ART involve primary endometriomas. There is limited information regarding the prognosis of women with recurrent endometriomas.Study Design, Size, Duration: A multicenter retrospective cohort study, including 76 women with primary and 82 women with recurrent endometriomas treated at the participating centers over a 6-year period.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: Women with endometrioma who underwent ART at three academic ART centers. Couples with another indication for ART were excluded.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: Female age, median number of prior failed ART cycles, proportion of patients with bilateral endometrioma (28 versus 28.9%), ovarian stimulation protocols, and total gonadotropin consumption were similar between the study groups. Numbers of metaphase two oocytes (5 versus 6), number of embryos transferred, and the proportion of patients undergoing blastocyst transfer were similar across the study groups. Clinical pregnancy rates (36.6 versus 34.2%, absolute difference 2.4%, 95% CI: -12.5 to 17.3%, P = 0.83) and LBR (35.4 versus 30.3%, absolute difference 5.1%, 95% CI: -9.5 to 19.7%, P = 0.51) per started cycle in recurrent and primary endometrioma were similar. Comparable success rates were also confirmed with logistic regression analysis (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.78-0.57, P = 2.3).Limitations, Reasons For Caution: The retrospective design has inherent limitations. Some women with severely decreased ovarian reserve after primary endometrioma excision may not have pursued further treatment.Wider Implications Of the Findings: The management of endometrioma prior to ART is controversial but a different management strategy is not required for recurrent endometriomas. Since recurrent endometriomas do not have a worse impact on ART outcome than primary endometriomas, and repeat surgery has a higher risk for complications, conservative management without surgery can be justified.Study Funding/competing Interest(s): No funding or competing interests to declare.Trial Registration Number: None. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of endometrial thickness (EMT) for live birth when a lower threshold of EMT is not employed for embryo transfer (ET).Design: Retrospective study SETTING: Academic assisted reproduction center PATIENT(S): All women who underwent fresh or frozen-thawed ET at the Koç University Hospital Assisted Reproduction Unit between October 2016 and August 2019 INTERVENTION(S): After ruling out endometrial pathology, blastocyst transfer was planned regardless of the EMT in the absence of increased serum progesterone level on the trigger day in fresh embryo transfer cycles or before commencing progesterone treatment in artificially prepared frozen-thawed ET cycles.Main Outcome Measure(s): The primary outcome was live birth. Live birth and miscarriage rates per ET were stratified according to fresh and frozen-thawed ET cycles for each millimeter of endometrial thickness. Receiver operator characteristic curve analyses were performed to evaluate the predictive value of EMT for live birth.Result(s): A total of 560 ET cycles, 273 fresh and 287 frozen-thawed, were included in the study. Relevant patient characteristics as well as EMTs were similar between women who achieved a live birth and those who did not after fresh or frozen-thawed ET. There was no linear association between EMT and live birth or miscarriage rates. Area under the curve values for EMT to predict live birth after fresh, frozen-thawed, and all ETs were 0.56, 0.47, and 0.52, respectively.Conclusion(s): Our results showed that the EMT was not predictive for live birth in either fresh or frozen-thawed ET cycles. Once intracavitary pathology and inadvertent progesterone exposure were excluded, women with thinner EMTs should not be denied their potential for live birth because it is comparable to that of those with thicker EMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the clinical outcome of single-embryo transfer (SET) with double-embryo transfer (DET) in in vitro maturation (IVM) cycles performed in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and to determine which factors predict those outcomes.Design: A retrospective analysis.Setting: Private assisted reproduction center.Patient(s): One hundred and fifty-nine women with PCOS.Intervention(s): In vitro maturation with elective SET or DET conducted between September 2007 and May 2014.Main Outcome Measure(s): Live-birth rates.Result(s): Single-embryo transfer was performed in 83 patients (52.2%), and DET was performed in 76 patients (47.7%). When compared with the patients who had DET, the patients who had SET were statistically significantly younger (32.4 ± 3.5 vs. 24.1 ± 4.2 years) and had a shorter infertility duration (9.2 ± 4.5 vs. 4.4 ± 2.1 years), fewer previous ART cycles (<2 prior attempts, 39.5% vs. 6%; ≥2 prior attempts, 60.5% vs. 0), fewer collected oocytes (15.1 ± 4.6 vs. 12.6 ± 3.8), fewer metaphase II oocytes (9.0 ± 4.1 vs. 5.7 ± 2.9), fewer fertilized oocytes (8.2 ± 3.7 vs. 3.6 ± 2.3), and a higher implantation rate (27% vs. 47%). The SET and DET groups had similar embryo quality and similar clinical pregnancy (44.6% vs. 44.7%) and live-birth rates (34.9% vs. 34.2%). Twin pregnancy rates were statistically significantly higher in the DET compared with the SET groups (9.2% vs. 2.4%).Conclusion(s): In vitro maturation is a successful assisted reproduction technique that can be an alternative to conventional in vitro fertilization in women presenting with PCOS-related infertility. Our observations suggest that SET is a feasible option to prevent multiple pregnancies while maintaining the live-birth rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare two commonly used protocols (fresh vs. vitrified) used to transfer euploid blastocysts after IVF with preimplantation genetic screening.Design: Randomized controlled trial.Setting: Private assisted reproduction center.Patient(s): A total of 179 patients undergoing IVF treatment using preimplantation genetic screening.Intervention(s): Patients were randomized at the time of hCG administration to either a freeze-all cycle or a fresh day 6 ET during the stimulated cycle.Main Outcome Measure(s): Implantation rates (sac/embryo transferred), ongoing pregnancy rates (PRs) (beyond 8 weeks), and live birth rate per ET in the primary transfer cycle.Result(s): Implantation rate per embryo transferred showed an improvement in the frozen group compared with the fresh group, but not significantly (75% vs. 67%). The ongoing PR (80% vs. 61%) and live birth rates (77% vs. 59%) were significantly higher in the frozen group compared with the fresh group.Conclusion(s): Either treatment protocol investigated in the present study can be a reasonable option for patients. Freezing all embryos allows for inclusion of all blastocysts in the cohort of embryos available for transfer, which also results in a higher proportion of patients reaching ET. These findings suggest a trend toward favoring the freeze-all option as a preferred transfer strategy when using known euploid embryos.Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT02000349. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]