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Maternal depression has consistently demonstrated reliability as a predictor of major depression in children. However, the effect of gender as a potential moderator remains under-researched. This study examined gender differences in depression and hypothesized that maternal depression would be more greatly associated with depression in girls by early adolescence. A representative sample of 7237 participants from the Growing Up in Ireland national longitudinal study of Irish children was examined across two waves when participants were aged 9 and 13. Separate multiple regression analyses were run for girls and boys to ascertain if maternal depression and other key variables predicted child depression by age 13. A third analysis looked at the effect of gender. Maternal depression when the children were aged 9 was found predictive of depressive symptomology by age 13 in girls but not for boys. Additionally, conflict with caregivers, household income, and bullying were significant predictors for both genders. Gender significantly predicted youth depression when the child was female (R[superscript 2] = 0.13, ƒ[superscript 2] = 0.25). These findings indicate that late childhood to early adolescence is a vulnerable period for girls during which they appear more susceptible to developing depressive symptomology than boys, particularly when exposed to maternal depression.

We use the Bayesian model scan approach of Chib, S., X. Zeng, and L. Zhao. 2020. 'On Comparing Asset Pricing Models.' The Journal of Finance 75 (1): 551–577. , and Chib, S., L. Zhao, and G. Zhou. 2023. 'Winners from Winners: A Tale of Risk Factors.' Management Science to examine which are the best performing models in a set of 12 candidate factors in U.K. stock returns. We find that a five-factor model has the highest posterior probability across the whole sample period but the posterior probability is low. The best factor model outperforms traditional factor models using a number of metrics. However the best model performs poorly in pricing a set of anomaly portfolios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering education has seen a growing interest in how students regulate their learning as a group in interdisciplinary projects. This study adds to the current literature on social regulation of learning by conducting a comparative case study of three interdisciplinary group projects addressing real-world challenges. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were synthesised into narrative episodes representing key aspects of the groups' regulative behaviours. We found indications of co- and socially shared regulation across all groups, with noteworthy differences in the project phases that led to varying student experiences. We discuss key factors that affected regulation along four themes we identified: (1) goal setting and planning, (2) implementation, monitoring, and evaluation, (3) the role of supervisors, and (4) the impact of disciplines. We offer insights for practitioners and provide a foundation for future research on social regulation in interdisciplinary group learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first section of this paper sets the record straight regarding many of Debouwere's (2024, Review of Education, 12, e3445) specific criticisms. The second section discusses the magnitude of the SES‐achievement relationship, specifically Debouwere's (2024) contention that the correlation is strong around 0.5 or 0.6 compared to observed correlations mostly between 0.2 and 0.3. The third section deals with five issues that Debouwere (2024) raises in his paper: (1) the stability of SES vis‐à‐vis cognitive ability; (2) the accuracy of children's reports of parents' socioeconomic characteristics; (3) whether teachers discriminate by students' SES; (4) the importance of cognitive ability for educational differentiation (i.e., tracking and streaming); and (5) SES effects on student achievement, controlling for prior achievement. The fourth section discusses the role of genetics in student achievement. Meta‐analyses and other studies indicate that about 50%–70% of the variance in student achievement is attributable to genetics (i.e., the heritability). The high heritability of student achievement accounts for its high stability, its strong correlations with cognitive ability and the weak effects of SES, net of prior achievement or cognitive ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis article explores the concept of posttraumatic growth (PTG) in individuals bereaved by suicide. The present study employs an exploratory approach to examine secondary data from a national survey. A sample of 2369 (n = 2369) responses were examined. Various instruments were utilized to assess grief experiences, social support, and personal growth. Descriptive statistics, correlational analysis and a hierarchical regression model were used to examine the relationship between the variables in this study. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed six independent predictors of PTG: social and formal support, time since loss, grief experiences, gender and multiple losses. The study highlighted the potential for growth in the aftermath of suicide bereavement, emphasizing the critical role of social support and the importance of time in promoting PTG. Despite some limitations, the present findings provide novel insight into the underlying mechanisms of PTG in suicide-bereaved individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students' socioeconomic status (SES) is central to much research and policy deliberation on educational inequalities. However, the SES model is under severe stress for several reasons. SES is an ill-defined concept, unlike parental education or family income. SES measures are frequently based on proxy reports from students; these are generally unreliable, sometimes endogenous to student achievement, only low to moderately intercorrelated, and exhibit low comparability across countries and over time. There are many explanations for SES inequalities in education, none of which achieves consensus among research and policy communities. SES has only moderate effects on student achievement, and its effects are especially weak when considering prior achievement, an important and relevant predictor. SES effects are substantially reduced when considering parent ability, which is causally prior to family SES. The alternative cognitive ability/genetic transmission model has far greater explanatory power; it provides logical and compelling explanations for a wide range of empirical findings from student achievement studies. The inadequacies of the SES model are hindering knowledge accumulation about student performance and the development of successful policies.

Long-term training effects of weighted ball throwing programs have been well documented. However, the mechanisms that facilitate these effects are poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate within-session effects of throwing overload and underload baseballs to provide mechanistic evidence for weighted baseball training methods. Twenty-six collegiate- and professional-level baseball pitchers aged 20–30 years (mean age 23.5 [2.7] y) participated in a biomechanical evaluation while pitching a series of leather weighted baseballs. A 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the intrasubject effect of ball weight on a total of 15 kinematic, kinetic, and performance parameters. Ball weight significantly affected pitch velocity, maximum elbow flexion, maximum pelvis rotation velocity, maximum shoulder internal rotation velocity, maximum elbow extension velocity, and anterior trunk tilt at ball release. None of the measured arm joint kinetics were significantly affected by ball weight. Training with 3- to 7-ounce (85- to 198-g) baseballs can be used to work on increasing pitching velocity without increasing throwing arm joint kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are more than 7000 described rare diseases, most lacking specific treatment. Autosomal-dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES, also known as Job's syndrome) is caused by mutations in STAT3. These patients present with immunodeficiency accompanied by severe nonimmunological features, including skeletal, connective tissue, and vascular abnormalities, poor postinfection lung healing, and subsequent pulmonary failure. No specific therapies are available for these abnormalities. Here, we investigated underlying mechanisms in order to identify therapeutic targets. Histological analysis of skin wounds demonstrated delayed granulation tissue formation and vascularization during skin-wound healing in AD-HIES patients. Global gene expression analysis in AD-HIES patient skin fibroblasts identified deficiencies in a STAT3-controlled transcriptional network regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and angiogenesis, with hypoxia-inducible factor 1[alpha] (HIF-1[alpha]) being a major contributor. Consistent with this, histological analysis of skin wounds and coronary arteries from AD-HIES patients showed decreased HIF-1[alpha] expression and revealed abnormal organization of the ECM and altered formation of the coronary vasa vasorum. Disease modeling using cell culture and mouse models of angiogenesis and wound healing confirmed these predicted deficiencies and demonstrated therapeutic benefit of HIF-1[alpha]-stabilizing drugs. The study provides mechanistic insights into AD-HIES pathophysiology and suggests potential treatment options for this rare disease., Introduction There are more than 7000 identified rare diseases that affect fewer than 1 person per 2000 and in most cases are caused by the altered function of a single [...]

Background: In this study, we describe state agency strategies to support weight-related policy implementation in schools, and examine the association among state support, obesity prevalence, and strength of state policies governing school nutrition and physical education. Methods: The 2012 School Health Policies and Practices Study describes prevalence of implementation support state agencies provided to schools/districts. Implementation support items were analyzed by weight-related policy area (e.g., advertising, wellness policy) and by type of support (e.g., technical assistance). Results were summed to create a total weight-related policy support score. Linear regression was used to examine associations between policy support and state youth obesity prevalence (2011-2012 National Survey for Children's Health), overall and stratified by state policy strength (2012 Classification of Laws Associated with School Students). Results: States provided support most commonly for school meals and wellness policies (89% and 81%, respectively) and least often for after-school PE (26%). Most states (80%) provided technical assistance. The total weight-related policy support score had a significant positive association with state-level youth overweight/obesity prevalence (p = 0.03). Conclusions: State agencies appear to be responding to their youth obesity prevalence with technical support. Schools and state agencies should work in collaboration to provide a healthy school environment for all students.

Background: We examined whether there are differences in the presence of supports for student wellness promotion (1) between schools in city, suburban and rural locations and, (2) among rural schools, according to distance from a metropolitan center. Methods: The analysis was conducted in a sample of 309 secondary schools using 2012 Minnesota School Health Profiles surveys and National Center for Educational Statistics Common Core Data. Scores for overall support addressed school health improvement coordination (range: 0-29), collaboration on health education activities (range: 0-5), and teachers' professional preparation (range: 0-7). Results: Mean overall scores for health improvement coordination (10.5 ± 7.3), collaboration on health education activities (3.0 ± 1.5) and professional preparation (4.0 ± 1.9) indicated supports are lacking in schools across city, suburban, and rural locations. Comparison of overall scores did not identify disparities; however, weaknesses and strengths of particular relevance for rural schools were identified in examining specific aspects of support. For example, the proportion of rural schools having a written school improvement plan was 54.8% compared to 84.6% of city schools and 64.3% of suburban schools (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Tailored training and technical assistance are needed to better support schools in implementing recommended wellness policies and practices.

The article discusses the observation of a rare stellar occultation event involving the star Betelgeuse. The authors, experienced occultation observers, registered for the campaign and chose provisional locations in Spain and Portugal. They describe the observation setup, the predicted shadow track, and the observations made during the occultation. Despite the presence of clouds, the observers used various equipment and techniques to record the event. The data collected was submitted to a research council-funded database and analyzed by a professional team, providing valuable information about the star's diameter and potential structures in its photosphere. Multiple positive observations were received from different locations along the occultation track. [Extracted from the article]

Little is known about biological outcomes for severe psoriasis in trisomy 21 (T21). Our aim was to review outcomes of patients with T21 and severe psoriasis treated with biologic or Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi). Information on demographics, co‐morbidities, and therapeutic responses was retrospectively collated. Twenty‐one patients were identified (mean age 24.7 years). Ninety percent (18/20) of TNFα inhibitor trials failed. Almost two‐thirds (7/11) of patients achieved an adequate response with ustekinumab. All three patients treated with tofacitinib achieved an adequate response following at least three biologic failures. The mean number of biologic/JAKi therapies received was 2.1 with overall survival of 36%. Eighty‐one percent (17/21) of patients required conversion from their index biologic treatment due to failure. In patients with T21 and severe psoriasis, failure of TNFα inhibition is common and ustekinumab therapy should be considered as first‐line therapy. The role of JAKi is emerging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]