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En el món de la medicina, un dels càncers més culminants és el càncer de pròstata. La seva detecció en primers estadis és complicada, per la qual cosa en molts casos acaba desenvolupant en metàstasis i fins llavors no es detecta. Aquesta és una de les principals causes de mort en el càncer de pròstata. En els últims anys s'ha avançat molt i s'ha pogut trobar una manera de detectar-lo en primers estadis de la malaltia. Això consisteix a fer un seguiment de l'antigen específic de la pròstata (PSA) en homes d'entre 40 i 70 anys. Per altra banda, des del món de l'enginyeria i les matemàtiques es busquen recursos per aportar més en el món de la medicina. És per això que s'han creat molts models que poden preveure el comportament del PSA, i d'aquesta manera fer seguiments més específics i personalitzats per cada pacient en concret. En aquest projecte s'analitzen 3 diferents models i se n'escull un per encaixar-lo amb una base de dades. Posteriorment, s'analitzen els resultats obtinguts i es proposen millores del model., En el mundo de la medicina, uno de los cánceres más culminantes es el cáncer de próstata. Su detección en primeros estadios es complicada, por lo cual en muchos casos acaba desarrollando en metástasis y hasta entonces no se detecta. Esta es una de las principales causas de muerte en el cáncer de próstata. En los últimos años se ha avanzado mucho y se ha podido encontrar una manera de detectarlo en primeros estadios de la enfermedad. Esto consiste a hacer un seguimiento del antígeno específico de la próstata (PSA) en hombres de entre 40 y 70 años. Por otro lado, desde el mundo de la ingeniería y las matemáticas se buscan recursos para aportar más en el mundo de la medicina. Es por eso que se han creado muchos modelos que pueden prever el comportamiento del PSA, y de este modo hacer seguimientos más específicos y personalizados por cada paciente en concreto. En este proyecto se analizan 3 diferentes modelos y se escoge uno para encajarlo con una base de datos. Posteriormente, se analizan los resultados obtenidos y se proponen mejoras del modelo., In the world of medicine, one of the most common cancers is prostate cancer. Its detection in the early stages is complicated, which is why in many cases it develops into metastases and remains undetected until then. This is one of the main causes of death in prostate cancer. In recent years, much progress has been made and a way has been found to detect it in the early stages of the disease. This consists of monitoring prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in men between 40 and 70 years of age. On the other hand, the world of engineering and mathematics is looking for resources to contribute more to the world of medicine. That is why many models have been created that can predict the behaviour of PSA, and thus make more specific and personalised treatment for each patient. In this project, 3 different models are analysed, and one is chosen to be fitted with a database. Subsequently, the results obtained are analysed and improvements to the model are proposed., Outgoing

Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze, in recreational marathon runners, the intake of specific macronutrients and minerals that could influence cardiovascular health. Methods: 37 males were grouped in two groups according to their 50% percentile race time (3.39 h), dividing into fast (G1: 3.18 ± 0.18 h) and slow runners (G2: 3.84 ± 0.42 h). Anthropometric parameters, macronutrients and mineral records were collected before the race. Minerals (Na+, K+ and Mg2+), lipid profile (triglycerides, LDL, HDL and cholesterol), muscle damage (creatine kinase), inflammation (C-reactive protein), and cardiovascular health (high-sensitive troponin-T, ST2 and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) were analyzed in blood 24 h before, immediately after, and 48 h post-race. Results: Weight (G1: 74.70 ± 7.76 kg, G2: 79.58 ± 6.72 kg; p < 0.05) and body mass index (G1: 23.01 ± 1.81 kg/m2, G2: 25.30 ± 2.02 kg/m2; p < 0.01) were significantly different between the groups. Moreover, G1 consumed significantly (p < 0.01) more mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids than G2, and presented significantly higher iron, potassium, and magnesium intake. Regarding blood lipid profile, G2 presented significantly higher triglyceride values and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (p < 0.01). The Hs-TnT marker of cardiac myocyte stress/injury was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in G2 reaching values above 250 ng/L, and 81% of the runners (30 from 37) presented higher post-race values. Conclusions: Marathon runners consuming adequate amounts of unsaturated fat, iron, potassium and magnesium, performed better and presented better cardiovascular health., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Gene expression (GE) analyses on blood samples from marathon and half-marathon runners have reported significant impacts on the immune and inflammatory systems. An ultra-marathon trail (UMT) represents a greater effort due to its more testing conditions. For the first time, we report the genome-wide GE profiling in a group of 16 runners participating in an 82 km UMT competition. We quantified their differential GE profile before and after the race using HuGene2.0st microarrays (Affymetrix Inc., California, US). The results obtained were decomposed by means of an independent component analysis (ICA) targeting independent expression modes. We observed significant differences in the expression levels of 5,084 protein coding genes resulting in an overrepresentation of 14% of the human biological pathways from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. These were mainly clustered on terms related with protein synthesis repression, altered immune system and infectious diseases related mechanisms. In a second analysis, 27 out of the 196 transcriptional regulators (TRs) included in the Open Regulatory Annotation database were overrepresented. Among these TRs, we identified transcription factors from the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) family EPAS1 (p< 0.01) and HIF1A (p<0.001), and others jointly described in the gluconeogenesis program such as HNF4 (p< 0.001), EGR1 (p<0.001), CEBPA (p< 0.001) and a highly specific TR, YY1 (p<0.01). The five independent components, obtained from ICA, further revealed a down-regulation of 10 genes distributed in the complex I, III and V from the electron transport chain. This mitochondrial activity reduction is compatible with HIF-1 system activation. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, known to be regulated by HIF, also emerged (p<0.05). Additionally, and related to the brain rewarding circuit, the endocannabinoid signalling pathway was overrepresented (p<0.05)., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

The number of recreational/non-elite athletes participating in marathons is increasing, but data regarding impact of endurance exercise on cardiovascular health are conflicting. This study evaluated 79 recreational athletes of the 2016 Barcelona Marathon (72% men; mean age 39 ± 6 years; 71% ≥35 years). Blood samples were collected at baseline (24–48 h before the race), immediately after the race (1–2 h after the race), and 48-h post-race. Amino-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP, a marker of myocardial strain), ST2 (a marker of extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrosis, inflammation, and myocardial strain), and high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT, a marker of myocyte stress/injury) were assayed. The median (interquartile range, IQR) years of training was 7 (5–11) years and median (IQR) weekly training hours was 6 (5–8) h/week, respectively. The median (IQR) race time (h:min:s) was 3:32:44 (3:18:50–3:51:46). Echocardiographic indices were within normal ranges. Immediately after the race, blood concentration of the three cardiac biomarkers increased significantly, with 1.3-, 1.6-, and 16-fold increases in NT-proBNP, ST2, and hs-TnT, respectively. We found an inverse relationship between weekly training hours and increased ST2 (p = 0.007), and a direct relationship between race time and increased hs-TnT (p < 0.001) and ST2 (p = 0.05). Our findings indicate that preparation for and participation in marathon running may affect multiple pathways affecting the cardiovascular system. More data and long-term follow-up studies in non-elite and elite athletes are needed., Postprint (author's final draft)

High-intensity physical activity for an extended period of time could result in unhealthy disruptions to physiological systems. The main goal of the SUMMIT Lab® is to offer to ultra-endurance athletes an assessment of the impact of training with biochemical comparison of pre- and after-race measurements through biochemical (markers of muscle damage, immunity status and cardiovascular system) and physiological responses [localized muscle bioimpedance (LBIA)], cardiac function and differential gene expression. Samples were obtained from 300 participants who completed ultra-distance runs in Europe from 2012 to 2016. We found: (1) CK levels provide a gross indication of muscle-fiber damage but are not specific, they can’t identify the extent of the injury or the type of fibers affected; (2) LBIA serves to track the effects of training or a race on muscle damage, and enables longitudinal assessment of muscle injury through recovery and return to training. (3) Some individuals showed worse right ventricle adaptation during exercise independent from the training volume done or the elite profile. (4) Elite performance is mainly related with training. We have evidence that we can measure quantitatively the effect of training through a specific gene expression profile. Possible additional applications include runners, soccer, army physical condition, among others., Postprint (published version)

This study aims to assess the gene regulatory response from a group of 16 athletes and to observe the plasticity induced by their training regime on the gene expression response after their participation in an 82km race. Blood samples for differential gene expression (DGE) were collected before and after this effort from two groups of runners with different training regimes: elite and active. Analyses only focused on genes annotated as related to cardiac function (CF) and neural regulation (NR) from the KEGG PATHWAY Database. Thus, 13 pathways were considered accounting for a total of 629 genes. Training regime modulated the response to exercise based on a list of 18 ranked genes with significant DGE for elite runners while remained statistically insignificant for active athletes. UQCR11, COX7C and COX4I1 genes, related to mitochondrial respiratory chain, were down-regulated which may indicate mitochondrial function impairment in cardiac muscle. Increased expression levels were obtained for PIK3R2, PLCG2, IRAK3 genes from the positive signaling cascades of neurotrophins pathway, which may reveal an improved heart rate control thanks to a better cardiac sympathetic innervation., Postprint (author's final draft)

Objective: To investigate changes after a mountain ultramarathon (MUM) in the serum concentration of fast (FM) and slow (SM) myosin isoforms, which are fiber-type-specific sarcomere proteins. The changes were compared against creatine kinase (CK), a widely used fiber-sarcolemma-damage biomarker, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a widely used cardiac biomarker. Methods: Observational comparison of response in a single group of 8 endurance-trained amateur athletes. Time-related changes in serum levels of CK, cTnI, SM, and FM from competitors were analyzed before, 1 h after the MUM, and 24 and 48 h after the start of the MUM by 1-way ANOVA for repeated measures or Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. Pearson correlation coefficient was employed to examine associations between variables. Results: While SM was significantly (P = .009) increased in serum 24 h after the beginning of the MUM, FM and cTnI did not change significantly. Serum CK activity peak was observed 1 h after the MUM (P = .002). Moreover, serum peaks of CK and SM were highly correlated (r = .884, P = .004). Conclusions: Since there is evidence of muscle damage after prolonged mountain running, the increase in SM serum concentration after a MUM could be indirect evidence of slow- (type I) fiber-specific sarcomere disruptions., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Postprint (published version)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

info:eu-repo/semantics/published