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2. Skills for a Low-Carbon Europe: The Role of VET in a Sustainable Energy Scenario. Synthesis Report. Research Paper No 34
- Author
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Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training and Ranieri, Antonio
- Abstract
This report provides an analysis of the labour market impacts of EU policy interventions designed to support the transition to a job-rich, low-carbon economy. The approach taken is innovative as it combines quantitative (econometric modelling) and qualitative (case study) methods to investigate the expected impact of sustainable energy policies on employment and skills demand, while providing insights for the development of effective policies for VET activities that allow skills demands to be met. This report claims that the climate and energy targets can be achieved at the same time as EU employment targets. However, to do so requires greater integration of climate and energy polices with measures to support employment and skills development across the EU. Recognising the complementarity of education and training policies to low-carbon strategies is essential to ensuring skills needs are met and that the transition process is not held back. The following annexes are included: (1) Glossary of terms; (2) Abbreviations; (3) References; (4) Model-based approach; (5) Detailed model outputs; (6) Sustainable energy policy context; and (7) Domain analysis.
- Published
- 2013
3. Egypt's Approach and Initiatives Towards Greener Future: Policy Paper
- Author
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Hagar Hammad, Yara Hossam, Mohamed Mahmoud, and Irene S. Fahim
- Subjects
Sustainability ,Climate change ,Greenhouse gas emissions ,Conference of parties ,Sustainable development ,Green economy ,Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade ,HD9502-9502.5 ,Energy conservation ,TJ163.26-163.5 ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 ,Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 - Abstract
Climate change as a matter had little attention of public debate, especially in developing countries, until the recent floods caused by the dragon storms in the Middle East and the forest fires in the Mediterranean. Egypt, being strategically crucial in Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Arab world, with strong connections to other countries, aimed to go from promises to action and to discover real answers to climate change by building on past COPs. The administration assumed a more prominent role by coordinating the 27th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP27). People started to realize that this is not something only happening elsewhere in the world. Egypt took the initiative; Challenges have been assessed to reach suitable mitigation approaches, and Egypt's first NDC has been issued to meet the global agenda. Egypt's vision was to accelerate global climate action at the UNFCCC 27th Conference of the Parties (COP 27) through emissions reduction, advanced adaptation, and enhanced flow of appropriate finance, prioritizing developing countries worldwide.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Beyond the Petroleum Age: Designing a Solar Economy. Worldwatch Paper 100.
- Author
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC., Flavin, Christopher, and Lenssen, Nicholas
- Abstract
Alternatives to fossil fuels as energy resources are discussed. Energy from the sun and other renewable resources are cited as the alternatives. Constructed is a practical energy scenario for the year 2030 that involves a 55-percent cut in carbon dioxide emissions, greatly improved energy efficiency, and an energy production system that relies heavily on solar energy, geothermal energy, wind power, and the energy of living plants. World petroleum resources in the Middle East and worldwide are described. Chapters include: (1) "The Next Energy Transition"; (2) "Power from the Sun"; (3) "A Policy Agenda"; (4) "Energy and Jobs"; and (5) "Toward a Solar Economy". (KR)
- Published
- 1990
5. Alternatives to the Automobile: Transport for Livable Cities. Worldwatch Paper 98.
- Author
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC. and Lowe, Marcia D.
- Abstract
The numerous and widespread problems associated with the automobile are discussed. Traffic congestion, air pollution, and oil dependence are some of the reasons why the use of alternative fuels is necessary. A proposal is made for a new transport environment where walking, bicycling, and public transportation are used to complement the use of the automobile. Gradual restructuring of cities and suburbs to make alternatives viable and to lessen the need for driving is also discussed. Chapters include: (1) "From Servant to Master"; (2) "Getting on Track"; (3) "Cities for People"; (4) "The Road Not Taken"; and (5) "A Policy Overhaul." (KR)
- Published
- 1990
6. Nickel nanoparticles supported by commercial carbon paper as a catalyst for urea electro-oxidation
- Author
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Izabella F. Coelho, Joseane R. Barbosa, Liying Liu, Cauê de S. C. Nogueira, Dante F. Franceschini, Eduardo A. Ponzio, Júlio César M. Silva, and Yutao Xing
- Subjects
Nickel nanoparticles ,Carbon paper ,Urea electro-oxidation ,Catalyst ,Energy conservation ,TJ163.26-163.5 ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Abstract Nickel nanoparticles supported by commercial carbon paper (CP) are prepared by pulsed laser deposition with deposition time of 3, 6, and 12 min as a catalyst for urea electro-oxidation. The surface conditions and the morphologies of the prepared electrodes have been characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Urea electro-oxidation reaction in KOH solution on the Ni/CP electrodes is investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results show that the electrode with less Ni nanoparticle agglomeration shows higher peak current density, which was achieved in the 3 min deposition samples when normalized by electroactive surface areas. However, the highest current normalized by the area of the carbon paper was achieved in the 6 min deposition sample due to the larger quantity of Ni nanoparticles. All the samples show good stability. Our results suggest that the low density, low cost, and environmental friendly CP can be used as support for Ni nanoparticle as a catalyst for urea electro-oxidation. It thus has great potential for many applications involving urea oxidation, such as wastewater treatments.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Embodied Carbon and Influencing Factors of China's Paper Industry's Export Trade to the United States.
- Author
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Limin Geng, Wenxing Shen, and Zenan Xu
- Subjects
- *
TECHNOLOGICAL progress , *CARBON nanofibers , *PAPER industry , *CARBON emissions , *CARBON offsetting , *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *ENERGY conservation - Abstract
The paper industry is a high-carbon emission and energy-intensive industry. From the perspective of low-carbon trade and carbon neutrality, its energy conservation and emission reduction are worthy of attention. This study used the input-output model to calculate the embodied carbon emissions of China’s paper industry’s export trade to the United States from 2006 to 2020 and used the logarithmic mean division index (LMDI) method to analyze influencing factors of the change of embodied carbon emissions. The study found that the embodied carbon emissions of China’s paper industry’s export trade to the United States generally shows a stable downward trend after reaching the peak with the increase of export trade scale; scale effect is the main factor that causes the embodied carbon emissions, while technological progress, policy support, and environmental regulations are important driving forces to promote carbon emission reduction. The research results of this paper not only can test and guide China’s paper industry trade policies and industrial policies, but they can also provide decision-making reference for China and the United States to promote the carbon emission reduction of the paper industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Space Costing in Colleges and Universities. AIR Forum Paper 1978.
- Author
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Zachar, Sy
- Abstract
Plant operation currently consumes about 8 percent of an institution's budget (10-12 percent is not uncommon), of which half is expended on energy. In addition, the deferred maintenance of existing plant, a measure by which many institutions balanced their budget or minimized their deficits, can no longer be postponed. Nationally, an estimated $22 billion to $35 billion worth of maintenance is "now due." Rising energy costs and aging buildings will require institutions to devote an increasing share of their budget to the physical plant. As space becomes more expensive to maintain and operate, the method by which it is allocated and utilized will become of greater concern to the academic community. The issue this paper examines is: Should institutions of higher education cost-account space and physical plant operating and maintenance expenses to their academic units or programs? And if so, should fiscal responsibility include managerial control of the physical environment by those units? It is believed that if academic departments of colleges were financially responsible for their physical environment, the resources of the university's plant used in support of the academic mission would be more effectively utilized. (Author)
- Published
- 1978
9. Six Steps to a Sustainable Society. Worldwatch Paper 48.
- Author
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC., Brown, Lester R., and Shaw, Pamela
- Abstract
This paper discusses six steps which must be taken on a global level to put society on a sustainable path. Of the various steps none is more important than bringing population growth to a halt. The official United Nations medium-level population projects, used by planners throughout the world, show world population reaching some 10.5 billion before eventually stabilizing a century or more from now. It is recommended that the world population be stabilized at the six billion level by the year 2000. The second step to a sustainable society is protecting the croplands that are the main source of food worldwide. An understanding that soil loss eventually means less and costlier food is needed if a national soil conservation ethic is to be adopted. The third step is reforesting the earth. The World Bank now supports community-based forestry projects along with the commercial timber ventures it has traditionally backed. The fourth step is to repair, reuse, or recycle goods. The fifth and sixth keys to the evolution of a sustainable society is the conservation of energy and the development of renewable energy. (RM)
- Published
- 1982
10. Nuclear Power: The Fifth Horseman. Worldwatch Paper 6.
- Author
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC., Hayes, Denis, Hayes, Denis, and Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC.
- Abstract
This publication is the sixth in a series of papers on global environmental issues. This paper evaluates the future of nuclear power, subjecting it to several tests: (1) economics; (2) safety; (3) adequacy of fuel supplies; (4) environmental impact; and (5) both national and international security. Section headings include: (1) The nuclear fuel cycle; (2) Nuclear economics; (3) Uranium supplies; (4) Safety; (5) Environmental impact; (6) Energy independence; (7) Nuclear terrorism; and (8) Nuclear power and society. This paper suggests that nuclear power may not only be unsafe but uneconomical. Among other examples are several cases of near catastrophic nuclear accidents of which the public was told nothing until the crictical periods had passed. (MR)
- Published
- 1976
11. Energy and Architecture: The Solar and Conservation Potential. Worldwatch Paper 40.
- Author
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC. and Flavin, Christopher
- Abstract
This monograph explores how architecture is influenced by and is responding to the global energy dilemma. Emphasis is placed on conservation techniques (using heavy insulation) and on passive solar construction (supplying most of a building's heating, cooling, and lighting requirements by sunlight). The basic problem is that architecture, like transportation, manufacturing, and agriculture, is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. It is estimated that approximately one-quarter of the world's energy supplies (two-thirds of which is derived directly or indirectly from oil and natural gas) is used for heating, cooling, and lighting buildings. Until recently, buildings in many countries were constructed with little or no concern for their energy efficiency or lifetime fuel costs. Building designers and researchers have recently become much more energy-conscious, due in large part to realization that paying for electricity is now the biggest expense in operating most large buildings. Also, the level of general awareness regarding energy use in buildings has risen rapidly as consumers, builders, real estate agents, and others have been exposed to education about climate conscious buildings. The conclusion is that the potential of energy-conscious improvements such as passive solar techniques and conservation for reducing dependence on expensive fossil fuel energy will be realized if designers, consumers, and regulatory agencies make an immediate and total commitment to make the transition to climate conscious buildings. Ways in which this transition can be accelerated include labeling of the fuel requirements of buildings by trade associations and local governments, provision of tax breaks for solar and other energy efficient homes, and establishment of energy standards for all new buildings. (DB)
- Published
- 1980
12. Revitalizing the American Economy: A Research and Development Focus for the 80s. Occasional Paper No. 64.
- Author
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Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education. and Taylor, Daniel B.
- Abstract
Vocational Education can play a key role in revitalizing the American economy particularly through research and development in four areas: economic development and productivity, equity and access, youth employment, and energy. It can enhance productivity by identifying innovative vocational education programs successful in enhancing community and economic development, developing entrepreneurship training, aiding in vocational agriculture teacher preparation, developing curricula that addresses community economic development needs, and emphasizing new technologies and leadership development opportunities. Research and demonstration projects can aid in expanding vocational educational opportunities for women, minorities, and handicapped persons. Vocational education can play a key part in reducing youth unemployment by providing in-school and out-of-school programs for disadvantaged youth. It has already begun to respond to emerging industries and technologies needed for the energy crisis. The National Center for Research in Vocational Education can assist in this endeavor by improving national dissemination and utilization of research and development products focusing on the four priorities mentioned above, examining and describing critical issues confronting vocational education, assisting in strengthening the nationwide vocational education research and development system, and improving articulation among education, business, industry, labor, and economic development agencies. (MN)
- Published
- 1980
13. Introducing the Concept of Energy: Educational and Conceptual Considerations Based on the History of Physics
- Author
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Bussotti, Paolo
- Abstract
In this research, an educational approach to the concept of energy is proposed. It is based on the history of physics. In 1854 Hermann Hemlholtz gave a popular lecture on the recent discovery that energy is conserved. Such lecture is used as a guide to introduce the pupils within several nuances of this concept. Not much mathematics is used, so Helmholtz's work, with several additions proposed here, is an excellent guide to understanding, from a qualitative point of view, the reasons that led scientists to establish the principle of conservation of energy. At the same time, it allows us to grasp two other concepts which are fundamental in reference to energy: work and heat. This panorama will be drawn in the first section. In the second one, some more mathematical and physical details on the teaching of energy in mechanics and thermodynamics will be offered. Finally, in the Conclusion, the interdisciplinary value of a historical approach to physics education will be pointed out. [For the full proceedings, see ED629086.]
- Published
- 2023
14. Energy Conservation. The Capital Investment Needs for Building Rehabilitation for Non-Profit Educational Institutions. Paper No. 2.
- Author
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Energy Task Force, Washington, DC.
- Abstract
This paper is one of several reports being prepared by the Energy Task Force on the impact of energy supply and cost trends on nonprofit educational institutions. This particular report focuses on the need to render educational facilities more energy-efficient through a program of capital investments focused on the rehabilitation of existing buildings. The report identifies the advantages offered by federal support of a building rehabilitation program that reduces both energy consumption and costs in the educational sector; it also outlines a phased investment plan for educational institutions involving progressive levels of technical sophistication and expenditure. Several tables that summarize survey data on the energy consumption and energy costs of 46 American colleges and universities are also included. Although the quantitative data applies specifically to institutions of higher education, most of the report applies equally to elementary and secondary schools as well. (Author/JG)
- Published
- 1975
15. Repairs, Reuse, Recycling--First Steps toward a Sustainable Society. Worldwatch Paper 23.
- Author
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC., Hayes, Denis, Hayes, Denis, and Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC.
- Abstract
Two-thirds of what we waste could be reused without important changes in our life-styles. One benefit of recycling would be the diminishing contribution of raw materials prices to inflation. For a sustainable resource policy there are three basic components: waste reduction, waste separation, and waste recovery. The first can be met by producing more durable goods, banning non-refillable containers, increasing charges for pick-up and disposal of waste, designing products which are easy and economical to repair, and ending discriminatory taxes and regulation. Separation of waste in homes and disposal units will facilitate recycling of paper, aluminum, glass, metals, and even plastics, though there are attendant problems of cost and social acceptance. Energy can be produced from waste when valuable materials are removed through chemical and physical processes. The possible impact of future mineral cartels such as the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) could be reduced through recycling. The amount of energy saved by recycling compared with that expanded on processing virgin materials ranges from eight to 95%. To go from conspicuous consumption to conspicuous frugality specific policies and social commitment are necessary. In this regard the public may be ahead of its leaders. (Author/DL)
- Published
- 1978
16. Rethinking the Role of the Automobile. Worldwatch Paper No. 84.
- Author
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC. and Renner, Michael
- Abstract
In 1987, a record 126,000 automobiles rolled off assembly lines each working day, and close to 400 million vehicles are used on the world's roads today. Prior to the 1970s the automobile's utility and sustainability were hardly questioned. A decade of oil price increases and worries about future fuel availability slowed automobile use somewhat, but in the 1980s improved energy efficiency and additional oil supplies combined to bring fuel prices down. This document calls for a fundamental rethinking of the role automobiles should play. It contains sections entitled: (1) "Whither the Automotive Age?" (2) "Depending More on Oil, Searching for Alternatives"; (3) "Enhancing Fuel Efficiency"; (4) "Reducing Emissions"; and (5) "Reshaping Transportation." (TW)
- Published
- 1988
17. Electricity's Future: The Shift to Efficiency and Small-Scale Power. Worldwatch Paper 61.
- Author
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC. and Flavin, Christopher
- Abstract
Electricity, which has largely supplanted oil as the most controversial energy issue of the 1980s, is at the center of some of the world's bitterest economic and environmental controversies. Soaring costs, high interest rates, and environmental damage caused by large power plants have wreaked havoc on the once booming electricity industry. Although policymakers around the world disagree vigorously about future trends and appropriate policies, virtually all acknowledge that a turning point has been reached. This document discusses: (1) past practices and trends leading to problems related to electric power generation and the electrical industry in the United States and foreign countries (including developing nations); (2) innovations and advances in the electrical industry related to the growth of electricity; (3) the rush to small-scale energy production and cogeneration (the combined production of heat and power), led not by utilities but by large industrial companies building their own power systems and small firms created to tap new energy sources such as wind power and geothermal energy; (4) the role of energy efficient products and practices as a power source; and (5) electricity's future. (JN)
- Published
- 1984
18. The Changing Role of the Market in National Economies. Worldwatch Paper 72.
- Author
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC. and Chandler, William U.
- Abstract
The concept of sustainable economics not only examines how to produce what for whom but also how irreplaceable resources can be adequately conserved. Efficient and equitable economic mechanisms are central components of the concept. Analyzing issues complicated by politics, ideology, and nationalism, sustainable economics scholars attempt to explore what works to make resource use more efficient, how people behave in relation to resources, and how a country's economic system can alter its prospects for survival. In this paper an answer for survival is sought through an examination of the performance of various countries throughout the world in agricultural efficiency/food security, energy efficiency, environmental pollution, and equity. Central to these topics is the changing reliance on the market, which should have significant human and environmental consequences. It is also contended that efficient food production and energy consumption make the best indicators of progress toward sustainable economics. It is concluded that many countries are reorienting their economies but that over-optimism about efficiency is not justified in view of the many problems that remain. Ten tables and 4 figures illustrate the topics in question. (TRS)
- Published
- 1986
19. Twenty-Two Dimensions of the Population Problem. Worldwatch Paper 5.
- Author
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC., Brown, Lester R., Brown, Lester R., and Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC.
- Abstract
Twenty-two facets of the world population problem are explored. The topics are economic, social, ecological, and political in nature and generally portray the stresses and strains associated with continued population growth in a world inhabited by four billion people. These aspects of the population problem are discussed: literacy, oceanic fisheries, natural recreation areas, pollution, inflation, environmental illnesses, hunger, housing, climate change, overgrazing, crowding, income, urbanization, deforestation, political conflict, minerals, health services, water, unemployment, endangered species, energy, and individual freedom. The authors conclude that analysis of the implications of population growth based on these indicators suggests strongly that the threat posed by uncontrolled growth deserves more attention from national and international leaders than it is presently getting. A bibliography of selected readings is included. (Author/DB)
- Published
- 1976
20. Resource Trends and Population Policy: A Time for Reassessment. Worldwatch Paper 29.
- Author
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC. and Brown, Lester R.
- Abstract
Population growth and resource depletion are discussed. The need is stressed for policy makers to understand how population projections relate to the carrying capacity of the earth's basic biological systems. Because the earth's resources are limited, it is essential that policy makers in developed and developing nations be able to analyze the relationship between population and resources such as fisheries, forests, croplands, and grasslands. Economic and social stresses have already resulted in over-fishing, over-grazing, shrinking forests, urban slums, unemployment and, since 1974, annual double digit inflation. One major constraint to unlimited population growth is the oil supply. Petroleum is the principal fuel that powers the global economy. The changing petroleum supply necessitates not only vigorous conservation programs but also establishment of policy priorities which will assure adequate oil supplies for essential purposes such as food production. Population policies which have been devised to deal with population growth include family planning assistance and controls on rural-urban migration. The conclusion is that policy makers must devise ways of stabilizing population at a level far lower than currently projected in order to avoid deterioration of the earth's biological resource base and of the living standards of more and more people. (DB)
- Published
- 1979
21. The United States and World Energy: A Discussion Paper, Department of State.
- Author
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Department of State, Washington, DC. and Smith, Ralph Stuart
- Abstract
This publication is a summary of the world energy situation and its impact on the United States. A brief review of some interrelated diplomatic, commercial, and technical aspects of the energy crisis and their implications for the U.S. and its foreign policy is presented first. Next, discussions of world supplies, uses and problems with different fuels including fossil fuels, solar, wind, nuclear, and geothermal are given. The distinction is made between resources and reserves. Finally, a concluding discussion is given that indicates what direction U.S. foreign policy on energy should go. It is suggested that the U.S. should play a major role in bringing the world through the transitional period ahead. (MR)
- Published
- 1977
22. The Global Economic Prospect: New Sources of Economic Stress. Worldwatch Paper 20.
- Author
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC., Brown, Lester R., Brown, Lester R., and Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC.
- Abstract
American economic analysts will better understand current economic trends if they investigate economic problems in light of the expanding global economy. Reasons for the failure of economists to explain the simultaneous existence of rapid inflation and high unemployment include preoccupation with economic indicators, short-term forecasts, and econometric models. Instead of concentrating on symptoms of economic maladies, economists should consider their underlying causes such as the role of biological systems in the economy. The four major biological systems--fisheries, forests, grasslands, and croplands--form the foundation of the global economic system. Economists' general lack of ecological awareness has caused them to ignore the economic impact of practices such as overgrazing, deforestation, rapid population growth, conversion of grasslands into croplands, encroachment of cities and deserts on croplands, depletion of nonrenewable energy sources, unemployment, capital scarcity, diminishing returns, and rising real costs accompanied by inflationary pressures. Many current economic problems are rooted in the deteriorating relationship between the world's four billion inhabitants and the earth's natural systems and resources. Economists should realize that many economic problems stem from the dependence of the economic system upon the natural environment. (Author/DB)
- Published
- 1978
23. Energy for Development: Third World Options. Worldwatch Paper 15.
- Author
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC. and Hayes, Denis
- Abstract
Focusing on the need for energy to sustain economic development on a long-term basis, the document examines energy options of the post-petroleum era in developing nations. Nuclear power and solar power are the most important among proposed alternative energy sources. Limited applicability of nuclear technology to the Third World is discussed. Problems include the need of most developing nations to seek foreign fuel to power nuclear plants, the difficulty of designing nuclear facilities that work equally well in different environments, and the problem of decommissioning radioactive facilities at the end of their usefulness. Energy-related research and experiments indicate that the most likely sources for new energy are solar (sunlight, wind, hydropower, and biomass). Factors which should encourage the Third World to harness solar energy sources include: a general abundance of sunlight, a dispersed and predominately rural population (which encourages decentralized energy resources), prohibitive cost of conventional energy, customary dependence on indirect solar sources such as firewood, and insignificant capital investment in petroleum-powered energy. Various objections and reservations concerned with the transition to solar energy are evaluated. The conclusion is that solar energy, the most viable energy source in the post-petroleum age, can contribute positively to economic development in both developing and industrialized nations. (Author/DB)
- Published
- 1977
24. World Oil: Coping With the Dangers of Success. Worldwatch Paper 66.
- Author
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC. and Flavin, Christopher
- Abstract
This publication examines various topics and issues related to the world oil situation. Major areas considered are: (1) the nature and consequences of the current oil glut; (2) a historical overview of the petroleum era (with analyses of the three time periods of 1900-1973, 1973-1979, and 1979-1981); (3) the geopolitics of oil (including data on oil production and revenues from the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) for 1973, 1980, and 1984; (4) the limits to world oil use (explained by graphs on world oil reserves and data on oil production, reserves, and reserves/production ratios of 12 major oil producing countries); (5) energy efficiency and new energy sources (listing major sources and consumption rates from 1973 to 1984); and (6) energy policy framework (with trend analysis and political implications). It has been recognized that opportunities have been increasing for many countries in energy self-sufficiency and oil dependency has diminished. (ML)
- Published
- 1985
25. Building on Success: The Age of Energy Efficiency. Worldwatch Paper 82.
- Author
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC., Flavin, Christopher, and Durning, Alan B.
- Abstract
The post-World War II era is commonly described as the age of oil. Petroleum has fueled the industrialization process and has helped to raise living standards around the globe. At the same time, the current era has been referred to as the age of efficiency. Since 1973, it is estimated that the world saved far more energy through improved efficiency than it has gained from all new energy sources. This document deals with some of the possibilities for energy efficiency, particularly as it relates to environmental quality. It includes sections which deal with: (1) energy-wise buildings; (2) transportation challenges; (3) new potentials for industry; (4) research; (5) prices, taxes, and standards; (6) institutionalizing efficiency; and (7) the limits to energy growth. (TW)
- Published
- 1988
26. Energy Productivity: Key to Environmental Protection and Economic Progress. Worldwatch Paper 63.
- Author
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC. and Chandler, William U.
- Abstract
This report examines various topics and issues related to worldwide energy productivity and energy conservation. Following an introduction, these issues are considered in 6 sections focusing on: (1) energy demand projections (with data on 1982 energy consumption in selected countries); (2) continued industrial efficiency gains (including data on energy use in steel manufacturing and electrical energy use in aluminum smelting in major producing countries, ranked by efficiency); (3) the saving of oil in transportation (with data on 1982 automobile fuel economy in selected countries); (4) improvements in the energy use in buildings and appliances; and (5 and 6) two contrasting views of the world energy future. The first view indicates that global energy demand will double by the year 2025 while the second, based on an understanding of energy conservation, shows how demand could be held to a much smaller increase, stretching nonrenewable energy supplies and facilitating the use of renewable resources. Governmental policy initiatives designed to achieve the desired conservation potential are addressed. The crucial policies to be implemented include market pricing of energy, elimination of subsidies for energy use, implementation of regulations to overcome market failures, provision of consumer information, research and development, and visible encouragement of conservation by leaders at all levels. (JN)
- Published
- 1985
27. The Gasoline Shortage: A National Perspective; A Background Paper, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, U.S. Senate, Ninety-Third Congress, First Session. [Committee Print]
- Author
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Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs.
- Abstract
This publication is a background document for the National Fuels and Energy Policy Study authorized by Senate Resolution 45. The purpose of this report is to identify the issues, to describe the impact of present policy on gasoline supply and demand, and to suggest potential measures to reduce the shortfall. This document is published to assist members of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, and other interested parties, in their understanding of the issues inherent in the formulation of a long-term National Energy Policy which assures the continued welfare of the Nation, including balanced growth, safeguarding and enhancing the quality of the environment, and national security. Topics under discussion include supply and demand; impact of shortages on the consumer, agriculture, and independent marketers; and proposed remedial actions. The concluding summary indicates that the gasoline shortage is the result of several interacting factors and will persist for some time. Two appendices contain energy related legislation and references. (Author/MA)
- Published
- 1973
28. Developing the processing stages of carbon fiber composite paper as efficient materials for energy conversion, storage, and conservation
- Author
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Priyanka H. Maheshwari
- Subjects
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 ,Energy conservation ,TJ163.26-163.5 - Abstract
Carbon is a wonder material and has served the mankind since the inception of civilization in a variety of ways. Among its different forms, carbon fibers are especially known for their conductivity and favorable strength to weight ratio. Here the development of PAN based carbon fibers embedded in a matrix material followed by pyrolysis to form a fibrous C/C composite has been discussed. The processing of carbon paper has been divided into four steps, with the product of each stage used separately for different energy applications. (1) Carbon fiber preform has been used as a filler to achieve high strength in bipolar plates for PEM Fuel cells (energy conversion). Flexural strength of nearly 80 MPa has been achieved as compared to 40 MPa of the commercially available Schunk plate, Germany. (2) Resin impregnated preform, i.e. the Green composite paper has been employed as an energy efficient heating element (energy conservation). This has been further fabricated as a room heater, which works at 500 cycles). The (4) Graphitized carbon paper has proved to be an excellent electrode (anode and cathode) backing material for PEM Fuel cell. 25% hike in the peak power density of unit PEM FC has been achieved while employing CNT incorporated NPL carbon paper as compared to while using Toray carbon paper of Japan and tested under similar conditions. This in turn is attributed to the unique properties acquired by the material with subsequent processing at each stage which has been discussed in detail. Keywords: Carbon fiber, Porosity, Microstructure, Fuel cell, Li-ion battery, Heating element
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Evaluating Visualization for Slide-Based Investigative Learning with Connection between Presentation Slides
- Author
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Goto, Mitsuhiro and Kashihara, Akihiro
- Abstract
Presentation documents have been increasingly used not only as supplementary presentation materials but also as contents for investigative learning. In learning a presentation document, learners generally need to select a number of slides from the document, which describe what they want to learn or should learn. However, it is not so easy to find out the slides to be learnt since what each slide represents is not concisely stated and what connections exist between the adjacent slides are not explicitly expressed. They accordingly take more time for learning and finish learning with incomplete knowledge. In order to address this issue, this paper introduces a map called slidemap for visualizing the logical connections between the slides. This map helps learners identify the sequence of slides to be learnt from the presentation document and grasp the structure embedded in the document in a shorter time. This paper also demonstrates a tool for presentation slides-based investigative learning with slidemap. In addition, this paper reports a case study involving 16 participants with the tool, whose purpose was to ascertain whether using slidemap could be more beneficial for understanding the presentation document than using PowerPoint user interface. The results of the study show the effect of increasing learning time and visiting frequency for slides to be learnt, and promoting learners' understanding of presentation documents in a shorter time. [For the full proceedings, see ED621108.]
- Published
- 2021
30. The Learning Process on Utilization Foresight Technology of Patent Information: Sorghum Plant from Bioethanol
- Author
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Tommy Hendrix and Syukri Yusuf Nasution
- Abstract
The learning process through forecasting patent information based on technology can provide the direction in which technology is needed, especially supporting developments into the future. Technology mapping through patent information in the market becomes leverage development of products. Foresight technology in a patent is a tool to predict advanced technology that brings a competitive product to the market needs. This paper discusses patent information that becomes useful for developing technology through emerging market segmentation through a portfolio, innovation, and emerging market based on the WIPO database. This paper used a qualitative method with descriptive analysis and study literature using Innography software to see related information utilization of bioethanol from sorghum plants. This paper aims to obtain information technology from the patent analysis in bioethanol from sorghum plants to develop foresight products. The results show 310 patents registered in WIPO fields from 2006-2021 with dominant IP Class dominate from sectors C and A, also economic value range held by the Republic of Korea. Foresight technology through patent analysis provides information for industry and stakeholders who need the impact of the implementation of the latest technology and the appropriate level of competition in the commercialization of bioethanol products from sorghum plants.
- Published
- 2023
31. Integrating process optimization with energy-efficiency scheduling to save energy for paper mills.
- Author
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Zeng, Zhiqiang, Hong, Mengna, Li, Jigeng, Man, Yi, Liu, Huanbin, Li, Zeeman, and Zhang, Huanhuan
- Subjects
- *
ENERGY consumption , *PAPER mills , *DRYING , *ENERGY conservation , *GENETIC algorithms - Abstract
With the surging energy price and environmental concerns, measures to improve energy efficiency have attracted increasing concerns of the manufacture sector, especially energy-intensive manufacturing industries such as tissue paper mills. Energy-efficiency scheduling, as a novel energy-efficient method, has attracted the attention of an increasing number of researchers in recent years. Drying process is the most energy-intensive production process in tissue paper mills, which has a great energy-saving potential. This paper aims to reduce the energy costs for the tissue paper mill, consisting of processing energy cost and set-up energy cost, through integrating drying process optimization with energy-efficient scheduling. First, the energy cost model and the scheduling model were built. Then, the energy cost of the drying process of every job in a given scheduling problem was optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO). Afterwards, the energy cost was further optimized using energy-efficiency scheduling. In addition, a hybrid non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) was utilized to solve the energy-efficiency scheduling problem. Finally, several real scheduling problems from a real tissue paper mill were addressed using the proposed approach to demonstrate its effectiveness in energy saving. The experiment result showed that there is a great energy-saving potential in the drying process, accounting for up to 12.53% of the total energy consumption. Moreover, the maximum energy saving ratio of the proposed approach could reach 9.03%. On the whole, the proposed approach can provide a new energy-saving method for tissue paper mills or other manufacturing industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Graphite nanoparticles paper supercapacitor based on gel electrolyte
- Author
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L. Fekri Aval, M. Ghoranneviss, and G. Behzadi Pour
- Subjects
Flexible ,Supercapacitor ,Gel electrolyte ,Graphite nanoparticles ,Energy conservation ,TJ163.26-163.5 ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
Abstract In this study, three-type paper supercapacitors based on the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/phosphoric acid (H3PO4) gel electrolytes and graphite nanoparticles (GNPs) electrodes have been fabricated. The gel electrolytes and electrodes films have been coated on the paper using push coating and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In two types of the paper supercapacitors, on the PVDF gel electrolyte film, a layer of PVA/water and BaTiO3 as a gel separator film has been coated. The specific capacitance of the paper supercapacitors using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic (charge–discharge) methods at the scan rates 20 and 150 mV s−1 have been investigated. The paper supercapacitor based on the BaTiO3 separator film showed higher specific capacitance (312 F g−1) compared to other samples. Also, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the Nyquist and Bode curves of paper supercapacitors have been measured. For the paper supercapacitors based on the PVDF gel electrolyte film and BaTiO3 separator film using the Nyquist curves, the equivalent series resistance (ESR) was 306 Ω and 125 Ω, respectively. The paper supercapacitor based on BaTiO3 gel separator structure represents a new type of flexible supercapacitor with high performance that can be applied to electronic devices.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Save a Penny, Lose a School: The Real Cost of Deferred Maintenance. Policy Brief Series on Rural Education.
- Author
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Rural School and Community Trust, Washington, DC. and Lawrence, Barbara Kent
- Abstract
Deferring maintenance in small rural schools creates poor conditions that can affect the health and safety of everyone who uses the facility, damage the morale of students and teachers, impair their ability to teach and learn, and threaten the facility itself. Numerous recommendations for policy changes that affect maintenance are presented. A percentage of the replacement cost of the facility should be spent on maintenance. This should be required at the state and district level. Energy conservation and the use of safe materials should be promoted. State policies that require a minimum number of students per building, disqualify renovation projects based on arbitrary formulae of cost ratio to new construction, and promote sprawl should be eliminated. State and local building codes and regulations should be updated to reflect local needs and modern construction practices. Ongoing education for custodians and maintenance workers should be implemented along with a data bank of relevant information. School board members, educators, architects, contractors, and other decision makers should receive education in school maintenance. Regular inspections of school facilities should be required. Students and community members should be encouraged to participate in maintenance and repair projects. Renovation and conversion of existing facilities should be promoted, and feasibility studies of the cost of new construction, renovation, and lease or purchase of existing facilities should be required and discussed in open community forums. State and the federal government should be required to fund maintenance, particularly in poor districts. (Contains 46 references) (TD)
- Published
- 2003
34. Potential for energy conservation: A portable desktop paper reusing system for office waste paper
- Author
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Zutao Zhang, Yajia Pan, Yanping Yuan, Tingsheng Zhang, and Liu Xinglong
- Subjects
Computer science ,Transportation ,Reuse ,computer.software_genre ,Grayscale ,lcsh:TD1-1066 ,lcsh:TH1-9745 ,Compensation (engineering) ,Save energy and resources ,Font ,lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Database ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Paper reusing system ,Greyscale sensor ,Schematic ,Building and Construction ,Font area detection ,Environmentally friendly ,Renewable energy ,Energy conservation ,business ,computer ,lcsh:Building construction - Abstract
Renewable paper reusing plays a significant role in the sustainable environment under the background of the shortage in forest resources and the pollution from the paper industry. The conventional reusing stream of waste office paper appears to have low reusing rates while consuming massive amounts of energy in intermediate steps. In this study, we developed a novel portable renewable desktop paper reusing system based on font area detection and greyscale sensor. The proposed system consists of two main parts, namely, a greyscale sensor and font area detection model and a polishing mechanism. Acting as an ink mark detector for waste desktop paper, the greyscale sensor and font area detection model can detect the font in the waste desktop paper using an adaptive dynamic compensation schematic. The polishing mechanism will grind the font area of the wasted desktop paper, and this paper reusing processing is non-chemical, energy saving and environmentally friendly. The proposed system is demonstrated through simulations and experimental results, which show that the proposed renewable desktop paper reusing system is portable and is effective for reusing waste office paper in the office. An accuracy of 99.78% is demonstrated in the greyscale sensor and font area detection model, and the average reuse rate of one piece of paper is 2.52 times, verifying that the proposed portable system is effective and practical in renewable desktop paper reusing applications.
- Published
- 2020
35. Paper recycling framework, the “Wheel of Fiber”.
- Author
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Ervasti, Ilpo, Miranda, Ruben, and Kauranen, Ilkka
- Subjects
- *
PAPER recycling , *PAPER industry , *CONSERVATION of natural resources , *WASTE management , *ENERGY conservation , *RECYCLABLE material - Abstract
At present, there is no reliable method in use that unequivocally describes paper industry material flows and makes it possible to compare geographical regions with each other. A functioning paper industry Material Flow Account (MFA) that uses uniform terminology and standard definitions for terms and structures is necessary. Many of the presently used general level MFAs, which are called frameworks in this article, stress the importance of input and output flows but do not provide a uniform picture of material recycling. Paper industry is an example of a field in which recycling plays a key role. Additionally, terms related to paper industry recycling, such as collection rate, recycling rate, and utilization rate, are not defined uniformly across regions and time. Thus, reliably comparing material recycling activity between geographical regions or calculating any regional summaries is difficult or even impossible. The objective of this study is to give a partial solution to the problem of not having a reliable method in use that unequivocally describes paper industry material flows. This is done by introducing a new material flow framework for paper industry in which the flow and stage structure supports the use of uniform definitions for terms related to paper recycling. This new framework is termed the Detailed Wheel of Fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Avaluació de la indústria del paper
- Author
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Rodríguez Calvo, Òscar, Menargues Muñoz, Sergi, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria de Materials
- Subjects
Sostenibilitat ,Energy efficiency ,Indústria paperera ,Sustainability ,Paper industry ,Paper -- Indústria i comerç ,Energia -- Estalvi ,Energies::Gestió de l'energia::Estalvi energètic [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Energy conservation ,Estalvi energètic ,Checklist - Abstract
Aquest projecte té l'objectiu principal identificar i quantificar les emissions i consums que tenen les empreses manufactureres de cartró. A tal efecte s'haurà de treballar amb dades i estudis sobre emissions de CO₂, tipus de matèries primeres consumides en el sector del paper i la contaminació d'aquest sector per conèixer en quin punt de partida estem, i cap a on volem anar. Tot aquest coneixement adquirit segons les investigacions que es facin del sector i les opinions de les diferents indústries papereres es reflectirà en una taula que serveix com checklist, per tal que les empreses puguin comprovar el seu estat sobre els diferents processos de les plantes i les iniciatives mediambientals. Este proyecto tiene el objetivo principal identificar y cuantificar las emisiones y consumos que tienen las empresas manufactureras de cartón. A tal efecto se tendrá que trabajar con datos y estudios sobre emisiones de CO₂, tipo de materias primas consumidas en el sector del papel y la contaminación de este sector para conocer en qué punto de partida estamos, y hacia donde queremos ir. Todo este conocimiento adquirido según las investigaciones que se hagan del sector y las opiniones de las diferentes industrias papeleras se reflejará en una tabla que sirve como checklist, para que las empresas puedan comprobar su estado sobre los diferentes procesos de las plantas y las iniciativas medioambientales. This project has the main objective of identifying and quantifying the emissions and consumptions of cardboard manufacturing companies. To this end, we will have to work with data and studies on CO2 emissions, types of raw materials consumed in the sector of paper and pollution, because we know where we are from, and where we want to go. All of this knowledge acquired according to any research that is made into the sector and the opinions of the different paper industries will be reflected in a table that serves as a checklist so that companies can check their status on the different plant processes and environmental initiatives. Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura::9.4 - Per a 2030, modernitzar les infraestructures i reconvertir les indústries perquè siguin sostenibles, usant els recursos amb més eficàcia i promovent l’adopció de tecnologies i processos industrials nets i racionals ambientalment, i aconseguint que tots els països adoptin mesures d’acord amb les capacitats respectives
- Published
- 2021
37. Evaluating Different Assessment Types in an Online Geoscience Course
- Author
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International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS), Dinç, Emre, and Millet, April L.
- Abstract
This study investigated the effect of different assessment types on overall success in an online geoscience course covering energy's impact on the environment. Two groups took either the slower 1-credit or the faster 3-credit version of the course, which utilized the same content. Self-assessment questions developed using H5P, quizzes, summative assessment labs, and a capstone project were used to assess students. Independent samples t-test, multiple regression analysis, and repeated measures ANOVA were conducted for data analyses. Quiz success significantly differed between groups. Quiz, capstone, and lab assignment successes were significant positive predictors of overall success. The total frequency of answering H5P questions was a significant positive predictor of quiz and lab assignment successes. Frequencies for answering H5P questions and time spent on H5P questions in each module showed significant differences.
- Published
- 2022
38. Renewable Sources and Energy Saving in Primary and Secondary Education: The Relationship between Pupils' Knowledge and Their Behavior in Ionian Islands
- Author
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Chouliara, Xanthi and Tsatiris, Michael
- Abstract
The purpose of this research is to explore the views of pupils of primary (6th grade) and secondary education (3rd grade of Gymnasium & 3rd grade of lyceum) of the Ionian Islands, about renewable sources and energy saving. In Greece, significant research has been carried out on renewable sources and energy saving. Their findings showed that the public as a whole has a positive attitude to energy saving and the utilization of renewable energy sources. At the same time, the contribution of RES to economic growth and society is recorded. In addition, it has been shown that the change of human behavior is considered a sufficient and necessary condition to solve the important environmental problems of our everyday life and makes students behavior; knowledge and perceptions on environment and it's problems, an act of major importance. [For the complete volume, "NORDSCI International Conference Proceedings: 5th Anniversary Edition (Sofia, Bulgaria, October 17-19, 2022). Book 1. Volume 5," see ED625663.]
- Published
- 2022
39. Assessment of emerging energy-efficiency technologies for the pulp and paper industry: a technical review.
- Author
-
Kong, Lingbo, Hasanbeigi, Ali, and Price, Lynn
- Subjects
- *
PAPER industry , *ENERGY consumption , *CARBON dioxide mitigation , *CLIMATE change , *ENERGY conservation - Abstract
The pulp and paper industry accounts for approximately 5% of total industrial energy consumption and contributes 2% of direct carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from industries. World paper and paperboard demand and production are increasing significantly, leading to an increase in this sector's energy use and CO 2 emissions. Although current studies identify a wide range of energy-efficiency technologies that have already been commercialized for the pulp and paper industry, information is limited or scattered regarding new energy-efficiency technologies that are not yet fully commercialized. Development of emerging or advanced energy-efficiency technologies and their deployment in the market will be crucial for this industry's mid- and long-term energy saving and climate change mitigation strategies. This paper compiles available information on energy savings, environmental and other benefits, costs, and commercialization status for 25 emerging technologies to reduce the energy use and CO 2 emissions. The purpose is to provide a well-structured comprehensive review on these emerging energy-efficiency technologies for engineers, researchers, investors, policy makers, pulp and/or paper companies, and other interested parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Saving 50% Energy in Paper Industry Through Heat Pumps.
- Subjects
- *
PAPER industry , *HEAT pumps , *ENERGY conservation , *CLEAN energy - Published
- 2023
41. Lessons Learned during Creation of the I-65 Biofuels Corridor (White Paper)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. An Analysis of the Cost Effectiveness for Energy Efficiency Technology in Thailand Pulp and Paper Industry
- Author
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Wirote Ritthong and Sumate Sathitbunanan
- Subjects
Cost effectiveness ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,02 engineering and technology ,Energy consumption ,010501 environmental sciences ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Energy policy ,Supply and demand ,Renewable energy ,Cost reduction ,Energy conservation ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
Green Energy efficiency is becoming more important because of the resulting cost reduction and image of green society which helps to enhance competitiveness in a globalized green market. Pulp and paper manufacturing is a large-scale industry which is generally regarded as important for national development. The Pulp and Paper industry consumes approximately 2.5% of total industrial energy consumption in Thailand by 44 factories distributed throughout the country. Therefore, energy efficiency improvement can play a significant role in the industry. Investigations of the cost effectiveness of energy efficiency measures and technologies using bottom-up Conservation Supply Curve (CSC) in the pulp and paper mill process are required. This study examines the concept, methodology, and the usefulness of the energy conservation supply curve, and the potential to create the appropriate energy policies to the Thai Pulp and Paper Industry.
- Published
- 2017
43. Researches of Developing Strategies and Guarantee Mechanism of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction on Paper-making Enterprises-Case Study of Shandong Haiyun High-Efficiency Ecological Park.
- Author
-
Ting, Gao
- Subjects
NATURE parks ,ENERGY conservation ,EMISSION control ,WATER pollution ,AIR pollution ,PAPER industry - Abstract
Abstract: Papermaking enterprises are major polluters that cause water pollution and air pollution. This paper aims to provide analysis of the energy saving and emission reduction in papermaking enterprises.It is the inevitable choice of establishment industrial ecology park as the leading of the papermaking industry by the implementation of cleaner production and circulation economy. Shandong Haiyun efficient ecological park is taken for example.Researches of the developing strategies and policy support of energy saving and emission reduction is discussed. The paper is divided into five parts, the first part is the preface, the second part introduces the general of Haiyun efficient industrial park, the third part puts forward the scheme of clean production of Haiyun efficient ecological industrial park, the fourth part puts forward ecological industry pattern of Haiyun efficient ecological industrial park, the fifth part puts forward policy guarantee measures, and the sixth part makes the summary. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Energy efficiency options for the New England Demand Response Initiative (NEDRI) -- Framing paper No.4
- Author
-
Schlegel, Jeff
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Uzbekistan : Procurement of energy saving paper packaging equipment for MEGA PAPER PLUS LLC
- Subjects
Energy efficiency ,Packaging machinery ,Paper products industry -- Energy use ,Packaging ,Packaging industry -- Energy use ,Energy management ,Energy conservation ,Medium term notes ,Banks (Finance) ,Production management ,Business, international - Abstract
In 2019, as part of the 'Energy Efficiency Facility for Industrial Enterprises' project, MEGA PAPER PLUS LLC held an event to purchase energy-saving equipment for the production of paper packages. [...]
- Published
- 2020
46. China : Zhongshun Jierou (Dazhou) 300,000-ton bamboo pulp-paper integration project was approved for energy saving
- Subjects
Energy conservation ,Energy management systems -- Energy use ,Business, international - Abstract
Recently, the energy-saving report of Zhongshun Jierou (Dazhou) 300,000-ton bamboo-pulp-paper integration project was approved by the Provincial Development and Reform Commission. It mainly builds 1 bamboo pulp production line, 3 [...]
- Published
- 2022
47. China : Dongguan Jintian Paper Industry Natural Gas Distributed Energy Project, Huizhou Fengda Power Plant Phase II Natural Gas Power Generation Expansion Project
- Subjects
Energy conservation ,Natural gas ,Turbines ,Electric power production ,Cogeneration power plants ,Energy management systems ,Business, international - Abstract
Recently, the energy saving report of Dongguan Jintian Paper Co., Ltd. natural gas distributed energy cogeneration project passed the review of Guangdong Provincial Energy Bureau. The project mainly builds a [...]
- Published
- 2022
48. Energy conservation potential of an energy audit within the pulp and paper industry in Morocco
- Author
-
Amine Allouhi, Abdelmajid Jamil, Rahman Saidur, Tarik Kousksou, A. Boharb, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au génie Electrique (SIAME), and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)
- Subjects
Engineering ,Payback period ,020209 energy ,Strategy and Management ,Efficiency ,02 engineering and technology ,Audit ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Energy ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Furnace ,Building and Construction ,Energy consumption ,Pulp and paper industry ,Energy accounting ,Energy conservation ,Energy intensity ,Air-compressor ,business ,Thermal energy ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
International audience; An energy audit is a primary step toward improving energy efficiency at the facility level and ensuring a clean production. The pulp and paper sector is one of the most energy-intensive industries in Morocco. This article aimed at identifying energy conservation opportunities at a Small and Medium-sized paper industry. The audit results together with their financial viability are presented regarding the analysis of energy consumption and electrical quality issues. The paper introduces an action plan for a more efficient energy use of some specific applications such as furnaces and compressed-air installations as well. The recommended energy efficiency measures have the potential of saving about 347.85 MWh of electrical energy and 101.78 MWh of thermal energy corresponding to reductions of 11.48% and 2.22%, respectively. The total investments related to the application of the action plan is approximately 290.53 kMAD and the global payback period does not exceed one year. It was also shown that a total quantity of 283.39 t of CO2 emissions can be saved annually.
- Published
- 2017
49. Energy conservation and CO2 mitigation potentials in the Chinese pulp and paper industry
- Author
-
Lingbo Kong, Ali Hasanbeigi, Huanbin Liu, and Lynn Price
- Subjects
Consumption (economics) ,Engineering ,Economics and Econometrics ,Waste management ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Papermaking ,Electricity conservation ,02 engineering and technology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Supply and demand ,Energy conservation ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Fuel efficiency ,Electricity ,Penetration rate ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
China's paper production accounted for nearly a quarter of the world's total paper production in 2010. In this study, 23 energy saving technologies applicable to the pulping and papermaking process in China are identified and analyzed. The conservation supply curve (CSC) method is employed to assess the technical and economic aspects of energy conservation. The fuel CSC for Chinese pulp and paper industry shows the cost-effective and technical fuel conservation potential is 180 PJ and 254 PJ, accounting for 27% and 38% of total fuel used in 2010, respectively. The CO 2 mitigation potential related to the cost-effective fuel efficiency is 17 Mt CO 2 and the technical potential is 24 Mt CO 2 . The electricity CSC shows the technical electricity conservation potential is 2316 GWh, representing 4% of total electricity consumption. All of the electricity efficiency measures are shown to be cost-effective in this study. The CO 2 mitigation resulted from electricity efficiency is around 2 Mt CO 2 . In addition, sensitivity analyses for the parameters of penetration rate, discount rate, and energy price are conducted to assess their influence on the final results.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Energy efficiency evolution of China's paper industry
- Author
-
Boqiang Lin and Qingying Zheng
- Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Strategy and Management ,02 engineering and technology ,Energy consumption ,010501 environmental sciences ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Technology gap ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Energy accounting ,Energy conservation ,Econometric model ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Economics ,Data envelopment analysis ,China ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
China's paper industry accounts for a larger proportion of the global paper industry and consumes large amounts of energy. Energy conservation and pollution reduction of the industry have become the focus of China's national development strategy. Energy efficiency is an important index which directly determines the amounts of energy consumption and pollution emissions. To understand the energy efficiency evolution of China's paper industry, this paper establishes an input-output data of the paper industry for 29 provinces in China and applies DEA method and econometric models to estimate and comprehensively discuss the energy efficiency issues based on the framework of total factor efficiency. Our results indicate that China's paper industry has a large energy saving potential even though its energy efficiency has improved during the period 1990–2013. The saving potential is about 65% under the meta-frontier and 44% under the group-frontier. Moreover, there are significant differences between different regions in production technology and energy efficiency. The performance of eastern China is better than other regions. But the technology gaps between the different regions are shrinking and converging over time. Finally, some policy recommendations are proposed to improve the energy efficiency of the industry.
- Published
- 2017
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