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We present a spectral analysis of four Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) WC-type Wolfâ€"Rayet (WR) stars (BAT99-8, BAT99-9, BAT99-11, and BAT99-52) to shed light on two evolutionary questions surrounding massive stars. The first is: are WO-type WR stars more oxygen enriched than WC-type stars, indicating further chemical evolution, or are the strong high-excitation oxygen lines in WO-type stars an indication of higher temperatures. This study will act as a baseline for answering the question of where WO-type stars fall in WR evolution. Each star’s spectrum, extending from 1100 to 25000 Ă..., was modeled using cmfgen to determine the star’s physical properties such as luminosity, mass-loss rate, and chemical abundances. The oxygen abundance is a key evolutionary diagnostic, and with higher resolution data and an improved stellar atmosphere code, we found the oxygen abundance to be up to a factor of 5 lower than that of previous studies. The second evolutionary question revolves around the formation of WR stars: do they evolve by themselves or is a close companion star necessary for their formation? Using our derived physical parameters, we compared our results to the Geneva single-star evolutionary models and the Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis (BPASS) binary evolutionary models. We found that both the Geneva solar-metallicity models and BPASS LMC-metallicity models are in agreement with the four WC-type stars, while the Geneva LMC-metallicity models are not. Therefore, these four WC4 stars could have been formed either via binary or single-star evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategic environmental assessment is often referred to as a tool for predicting the consequences of planned development. The assumption of predictability of outcomes is inconsistent with reality which is characterised by uncertainty and complexity. Furthermore, the capacity of our life support systems to absorb disturbance and re-organise without changing into undesirable states appears to be of critical importance. Resilience thinking provides a structured way of looking at complexity, uncertainty and interrelatedness of systems and processes, and above all, provides us with new ways of dealing with planning and more effective use of SEA. Resilience thinking provides inspiration for those who want to extend their thinking about sustainability, but it also challenges some ideas underpinning the impact assessment profession (the future is unpredictable; change is inevitable; increasing stability leads to vulnerability). This paper is the result of a lively and well-visited workshop on resilience thinking and SEA at the 2010 IAIA conference in Geneva. It introduces the basic concepts of resilience thinking, and develops ideas for its integration within SEA practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a speech given by Patricia GalvÃo Teles, associate professor of the Autonomous University of Lisbon and co-chair of the Study Group on Sea-Level Rise in Relation to International Law, during the 73rd Session of the International Law Commission meeting in Geneva, Switzerland on July 27, 2022. Topics discussed include the protection of person affected by sea-level rise and the potentially applicable legal frameworks pertaining to this protection.

Copyright of Migraciones is the property of Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Attacks on health care in armed conflict, including those on health workers, facilities, patients and transports, represent serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law. Information about these incidents and their characteristics are available in myriad forms: as published research or commentary, investigative reports, and within online data collection initiatives. We review the research on attacks on health to understand what data they rely on, what subjects they cover and what gaps exist in order to develop a research agenda going forward. Methods and findings: This study utilizes a systematic review of peer-reviewed to identify and understand relevant data about attacks on health in situations of conflict. We identified 1479 papers published before January 1, 2020 using systematic and hand-searching and chose 45 articles for review that matched our inclusion criteria. We extracted data on geographical and conflict foci, methodology, objectives and major themes. Among the included articles, 26 focused on assessment of evidence of attacks, 15 on analyzing their impacts, three on the legal and human rights principles and one on the methods of documentation. We analyzed article data to answer questions about where and when attacks occur and are investigated, what types of attacks occur, who is perpetrating them, and how and why they are studied. We synthesized cross-cutting themes on the impacts of these attacks, mitigation efforts, and gaps in existing data. Conclusion: Recognizing limitations in the review, we find there have been comparatively few studies over the past four decades but the literature is growing. To deepen the discussions of the scope of attacks and to enable cross-context comparisons, documentation of attacks on health must be enhanced to make the data more consistent, more thorough, more accessible, include diverse perspectives, and clarify taxonomy. As the research on attacks on health expands, practical questions on how the data is utilized for advocacy, protection and accountability must be prioritized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: The objective of this study was to develop the field of mechanisms that generate aesthetic curves, as they can be useful in designing machines for the manufacture of highly beautiful products. We started from the image of the Flower of Life and we set out to build mechanisms in the field of mechanical engineering that can generate this image. (2) Methods: First, we studied in detail the geometry of the figure. Secondly, based on the mathematical considerations, we made the synthesis of a mechanism able to trace this image, based on the Geneva mechanism with intermittent movement. We completed this mechanism with other kinematic chains, so we generated the proposed curve. Next, we made the synthesis of the second generating mechanism. This was a gear mechanism with compound profiles to which we added additional kinematic chains to generate the Flower of Life curve. Further on, kinematics was applied to confirm the drawing of the curves with the closed loop method. (3) Results: The results obtained following the study and presented in the paper show that the two created mechanisms generate images (trajectories) identical to the Flower of Life. Moreover, other images similar to the Flower of Life, with great artistic potential, were obtained. (4) Conclusions: The aim of the study was achieved, the authors proposed two new mechanisms which generate a highly aesthetic design image—the "Flower of Life". The paper provides all the notions of structure and kinematics that are necessary to calculate the mechanisms and also analyzes other kinematic possibilities of the created mechanisms. The paper contributes to the development of a new field in the Theory of Mechanisms: generating aesthetic curves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The multiple forms of living in the contemporary city clearly demonstrate how the relationship between living space and rights reveals itself in many ways, even to the point of being divergent and contradictory. Case description: In order to analyze this point, we decided to observe two case studies that are emblematic for the divergence of issues that they are able to highlight. The neighbourhood of Les Grottes in Geneva can be described as a 'manifesto of living' based on sharing, solidarity, and freedom. On the other hand, the former Olympic Village in Turin expresses the "individual need to exist" of a population (of political refugees and migrants) not legitimatized to be in that place but one which, generally speaking, has nowhere to live. Discussion and evaluation: These two situations are able to highlight how the right to housing today no longer has a universal meaning as in the struggles of the last century (70 s) but explodes in very different meanings. Conclusions: For this reason the aim of this paper is try to rethink the concept of housing rights in order to emphasize how this term is still able to tell a lot about the urban and social transformations in contemporary cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The accumulation of trace elements in mosses is used as an indirect measure of atmospheric deposition and an important complement to the techniques used to monitor the Geneva Air Pollution Convention. The aim of this paper is to quantify and map temporal and spatial trends of metal enrichment in mosses collected in Germany in 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2015 and 2020. Collection and chemical analysis of the moss samples were carried out according to international guidelines. Results: The analysis shows that since 1990, the median concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Sb in the mosses have been decreasing significantly, with the with the highest decline of Pb (− 86%). This trend reversed in 2000 and 2005 and between 2015 and 2020 by increases in the concentrations of some trace elements. In the 2000 Moss Survey, higher concentrations were measured for Cd, Cu, Ni and Sb than in 2015, ranging from + 26% (Cu) to + 165% (Ni). For As and Pb, no significant changes can be observed in 2020 compared to 2015. The increase in metal concentrations in the mosses over the last five years does not correspond to the corresponding trends in reported metal emissions in Germany (2015–2020). In contrast, the long-term trends of the As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb concentrations measured in the mosses showed good overall correspondence with the emission trends in Germany (1990–2020). The long-term trends of the moss data are mostly weaker than those of the emission data. The spatial patterns of the temporal trends were mapped and discussed for As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Sb. Conclusions: The study shows that for valid monitoring of atmospheric deposition, it is not enough to consider only emission data or the modelled deposition derived from these data. In this respect, the study provides one of many necessary contributions to the discussion on the extent to which analytes of current monitoring programmes are still relevant and up-to-date and whether there are new substances that are also relevant or even more relevant than existing analytes and to what extent this should be taken into account in designing future environmental monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The cytochrome P450 enzyme subfamilies, including CYP3A4 and CYP1A2, have a major role in metabolism of a range of drugs including several anti-cancer treatments. Many factors including environmental exposures, diet, diseaserelated systemic inflammation and certain genetic polymorphisms can impact the activity level of these enzymes. As a result, the net activity of each enzyme subfamily can vary widely between individuals and in the same individual over time. This variability has potential major implications for treatment efficacy and risk of drug toxicity, but currently no assays are available for routine use to guide clinical decision-making. Methods: To address this, a mass spectrometry-based method to measure activities of CYP3A4, CYP1A2 was adapted and tested in free-living participants. The assay results were compared with the predicted activity of each enzyme, based on a self-report tool capturing diet, medication, chronic disease state, and tobacco usage. In addition, a feasibility test was performed using a low-volume dried blood spots (DBS) on two different filter-paper supports, to determine if the same assay could be deployed without the need for repeated standard blood tests. Results: The results confirmed the methodology is safe and feasible to perform in free-living participants using midazolam and caffeine as test substrates for CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 respectively. Furthermore, though similar methods were previously shown to be compatible with the DBS format, the assay can also be performed successfully while incorporating glucuronidase treatment into the DBS approach. The measured CYP3A4 activity score varied 2.6-fold across participants and correlated with predicted activity score obtained with the self-report tool. The measured CYP1A2 activity varied 3.5-fold between participants but no correlation with predicted activity from the self-report tool was found. Discussion: The results confirm the wide variation in CYP activity between individuals and the important role of diet and other exposures in determining CYP3A4 activity. This methodology shows great potential and future crosssectional and longitudinal studies using DBS are warranted to determine how best to use the assay results to guide drug treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents reference equivalent threshold sound pressure levels (RETSPLs) for the Wireless Automated Hearing Test System (WAHTS), a recently commercialized device developed for use as a boothless audiometer. Two initial studies were conducted following the ISO 389-9 standard [ISO 389-9 (2009). "Acoustics—Reference zero for the calibration of audiometric equipment. Part 9: Preferred test conditions for the determinations of reference hearing threshold levels" (International Organization for Standardization, Geneva)]. Although the standard recruitment criteria are intended to yield otologically normal test subjects, the recruited populations appeared to have slightly elevated thresholds [5–10 dB hearing level (HL)]. Comparison of WAHTS thresholds to other clinical audiometric equipment revealed bias errors that were consistent with the elevated thresholds of the RETSPL populations. As the objective of RETSPLs is to ensure consistent thresholds regardless of the equipment, this paper presents the RETSPLs initially obtained following ISO 389-9:2009 and suggested correction to account for the elevated HLs of the originally recruited populations. Two additional independent studies demonstrate the validity of these corrected thresholds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No one disputes that knowledge is the lifeblood of international organizations and especially specialized agencies of the United Nations. However, there has been little consensus on the best methods to share knowledge, leverage the extensive international expertise and make it available to the constituents and partners of these organizations. What is their strategy for managing knowledge? Do they have one? What impact does it have? What is the role of senior management in championing knowledge sharing in these international organizations? These are the questions this paper addresses through the lenses of the evaluations of current knowledge sharing practices in two institutions located in Geneva, Switzerland, both part of the United Nations system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the text of an opening speech given by Claudio Grossman, Professor of Law and Dean Emeritus of the Washington College of Law, at the 73rd session of the International Law Commission meeting in Geneva, Switzerland in July 2022. Topics discussed include the catastrophic impact of the sea level rise in the Americas, the role that international law could play in this sea level matter, and the importance of discussing sea-level rise.

The article focuses on the program prepared by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission for the Geneva Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Switzerland. Thus, looking toward presentation at Geneva, several thousand organizations associated in some way with atomic energy were invited to submit for review abstracts of papers for submission to the United Nations. Moreover, all papers submitted to and accepted by the United Nations, including the American papers will be published in full in the conference proceedings. According to the author, Geneva will mark the first time that all available technical information on the constructive uses of atomic energy has been assembled in one place and where specialists from eighty countries have been able to convene.

Westerlund 1 (Wd 1) is one of the most relevant star clusters in the Milky Way to study massive star formation, although it is still poorly known. Here, we used photometric and spectroscopic data to model the eclipsing binary W36, showing that its spectral type is O6.5 III  +  O9.5 IV, hotter and more luminous than thought before. Its distance d W36 = 4.03 ± 0.25 kpc agrees, within the errors, with three recent Gaia-EDR3-based distances reported in Paper I, Beasor & Davies, and by Negueruela's group. However, they follow different approaches to fix the zero-points for red sources such as those in Wd 1, and to select the best approach, we used an accurate modelling of W36. The weighted mean distance of our parallax (Paper I) and binary distances results in d wd1 = 4.05 ± 0.20 kpc, with an unprecedented accuracy of 5 per cent. We adopted isochrones based on the Geneva code with supersolar abundances to infer the age of W36B as 6.4 ± 0.7 Myr. This object seems to be part of the prolific star formation burst represented by OB giants and supergiants that occurred at 7.1 ± 0.5 Myr ago, which coincides with the recently published PMS isochrone with age 7.2 Myr. Other BA-type luminous evolved stars and yellow hypergiants spread in the age range of 8–11 Myr. The four red supergiants discussed in paper I represent the oldest population of the cluster with an age of 10.7 ± 1 Myr. The multiple episodes of star formation in Wd 1 are reminiscent of that reported for the R136/30 Dor LMC cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pin-in-the-slot joint is a common element in machines, and the dynamics of joints with clearances is an actively investigated topic. Important applications of such a joint can be found in Geneva mechanisms, robotized gear selectors, centrifugal vibration absorbers (CPVA) and other important mechanical devices. The paper will review the main analytical steps required to obtain the equations characterizing the different force contact models. Furthermore, a numerical test bench where such models are introduced for modeling the clearances between the pin and slot is proposed. In this regard, the present study will offer a comparison and discussion of the numerical results obtained with the different force contact models herein reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anos 90 is the property of Anos 90 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE)/International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)/World Health Organization (WHO) Global Campaign Against Epilepsy was launched in Geneva and Dublin in the summer of 1997. The second phase of the Campaign was launched by a major event in Geneva, led by WHO Director General Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland in February 2001. Since then, the Campaign has been gathering momentum around the world culminating in the WHO General Assembly Resolution (WHA 68.20) on Epilepsy in May 2015 supported by 194 countries. Recently, the World Federation of Neurology and other neurological non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) have joined forces with the Epilepsy Campaign, leading to the WHO General Assembly Resolution (WHA 73.10) in May 2022 promoting a 10‐year Intersectoral Global Action Plan (IGAP) for Epilepsy and Other Neurological Disorders. I was privileged to serve as the first Chairperson of the Global Campaign Against Epilepsy and this year all my documents and correspondence relating to the Campaign have been delivered to the Wellcome Collection in London. These are the basis for this detailed account of the origins and early development of the Campaign. I describe the events leading to the birth of the concept, planning for the Campaign, the launch, development, and the achievements of phase one. This first phase focused on awareness raising, education, and involvement, especially within WHO, ILAE, and IBE, including a series of five Regional Public Health meetings and Declarations on Epilepsy. In 1999, the WHO raised the status of the Campaign to the highest level, the first ever for a Non‐Communicable Disease, resulting in the high profile launch of phase two in 2001, paving the way to the continuing global momentum and achievements, including the 2015 and 2022 WHO Resolutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Macedonian Folklore / Makedonski Folklor is the property of Macedonian Folklore / Makedonski Folklor and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Physics Essays is the property of Physics Essays Publication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dacoromania Litteraria is the property of ACADEMIA ROMANA Filiala Cluj-Napoca Institutul de Lingvistica si Istorie Literara "Sextil Puscariu" and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterraneos is the property of Taller de Estudios Internacionales Mediterraneos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The land snail taxon Helix straminea Briganti, 1825 has been reintroduced as a valid species in 2014. We provide here a comprehensive account of its taxonomy, distribution, anatomy, phylogeny and karyology in Italy. An overview of the historical views on the validity of the species is presented and faunistic data are reviewed and implemented with new records from Campania and Basilicata. A lectotype is fixed for H. straminea from the syntypes stored in the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle of Genève, as well as for three other taxa (Helix straminiformis Bourguignat, 1876, Helix yleobia Bourguignat, 1883 and Helix straminea ssp. elongata Bourguignat, 1860). Genital system, radula and karyotype are described for the first time. Molecular analysis of two mitochondrial genes combining GenBank data and the new sequences presented in this paper showed no differentiation between the northern and southern Italian populations. The conservation status of the species and its possible threats are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study was to evaluate eight kinds of trace element pollutants in groundwater from a typical coal mine area, and carry out a corresponding health risk assessment for the local populace. To do this, 34 shallow groundwater (SG) samples and 18 mid-layer groundwater (MG) samples were collected from the Sulin mining area. To minimize the uncertainties in the health risk assessment, this paper relied on Monte Carlo simulations and sensitivity analysis. The results revealed that Sr and Mn contents exceeded their corresponding WHO (Guidelines for drinking water quality, 4th edn. Geneva, 2011) guidelines and Chinese groundwater standards (GB/T14848–2017), while the other analyzed trace elements remain below those threshold values. The calculated hazard quotient and hazard index values for adults from ingestion exposure to SG and MG were well below the threshold limit of 1. Probabilistic simulations further show that the total cancer risk value above the limit of 1 × 10−6 is 0% for SG and 29.39% for MG. Sensitivity analysis identified the Sr and Cr contents as the most relevant element variables affecting the probabilistic non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk values in the model, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Europe, knowledge about the social determinants of health among undocumented migrants is scarce. The canton of Geneva, Switzerland, implemented in 2017-2018 a pilot public policy aiming at regularizing undocumented migrants. We sought to test for associations between self-rated health, proven eligibility for residence status regularization and social and economic integration.Methods: This paper reports data from the first wave of the Parchemins Study, a prospective study whose aim is to investigate the effect of residence status regularization on undocumented migrants' living conditions and health. The convenience sample included undocumented migrants living in Geneva for at least 3 years. We categorized them into those who were in the process of receiving or had just been granted a residence permit (eligible or newly regularized) and those who had not applied or were ineligible for regularization (undocumented). We conducted multivariate regression analyses to determine factors associated with better self-rated health, i.e., with excellent/very good vs. good/fair/poor self-rated health. Among these factors, measures of integration, social support and economic resources were included.Results: Of the 437 participants, 202 (46%) belonged to the eligible or newly regularized group. This group reported better health more frequently than the undocumented group (44.6% versus 28.9%, p-value < .001), but the association was no longer significant after adjustment for social support and economic factors (odds ratio (OR): 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67-1.87). Overall, better health was associated with larger social networks (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.04-2.64). This association remained significant even after adjusting for health-related variables.Conclusion: At the onset of the regularization program, access to regularization was not associated with better self-rated health. Policies aiming at favouring undocumented migrants' inclusion and engagement in social networks may promote better health. Future research should investigate long-term effects of residence status regularization on self-rated health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the implementation of systems for remote data access in cooperation with the international laboratory CERN in Geneva. The first part discusses extensions of the DARMA information system for archive management. The main goal of this paper is to design and enhance the system with new functionalities and solve known shortcomings, and thus qualitatively increase the potential of the DARMA system in the context of the ALICE DCS (Detector Control System). The final part of the paper deals with the analysis of historical data and the design of a system for the anomaly and failure detection in the infrastructure of high voltage channels within the TRD detector (Transition Radiation Detector). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: Software for the purposes of determination of solar potential of rooftops. In the context of encouraging the development of renewable energy, this paper deals with the description of a software solution for mapping out solar potential in a large scale and in high resolution. We leverage the performance provided by Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to accelerate shadow casting procedures (used both for direct sunlight exposure and the sky view factor), as well as use off-the-shelf components to compute an average weather pattern for a given area. Application of the approach is presented in the context of the solar cadaster of Greater Geneva (2000 km2). The results show that doing the analysis on a square tile of 3.4 km at a resolution of 0.5 m takes up to two hours, which is better than what we were achieving with the previous work. This shows that GPU-based calculations are highly competitive in the field of solar potential modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines patriarchal perception in Henry James' novella Daisy Miller. The novella does not provide objective presentations of the characters; instead, the narrative presents a subjective depiction, mostly of Daisy Miller, according to the inner thoughts of only one character, Frederick Winterbourne. Yet Winterbourne is not technically the narrator; his thoughts are disclosed by an unknown character in the story some time after the story occurs. Winterbourne's subjectivity being relayed through another character-narrator portrays Winterbourne's perceptions without explicitly analyzing his behavior. I argue that this complex narrative structure transparently divulges pre-established patriarchal notions that affect Winterbourne's perceptions of Daisy, thus executing a social critique. For example, Winterbourne's familial, social, and geographical circumstances construct a patriarchal distribution of information. Geneva, where Winterbourne develops his beliefs of male-female relations, has its own standards for women's behaviors that include abiding by propriety and submissiveness. Winterbourne's relatives, such as his aunt, attempt to prohibit interaction with Daisy because her behavior deviates from this template. Winterbourne subjects Daisy to oppressive classifications, and his observations of her reflect his proclivity to establish a "formula that applied to Miss Daisy Miller" (James 12). He holds various notions of Daisy from "American flirt" (James 12) to "young lady whom a gentleman need no longer be at pains to respect" (James 60). All of these notions and formulas result from a pre-established patriarchal metric that Winterbourne adopts and inherits via the patriarchal distribution of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a peak efficiency tracking technique to improve the efficiency of switched capacitor (SC) DC–DC converters as the load varies is presented. A peak efficiency tracking circuit based on feedback control over the switching frequency is implemented for this scope. The basic idea of the proposed technique is to adjust the switching frequency according to the load. The technique is successfully implemented in a SC DC–DC converter to be embedded in detector pixels for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiment at the Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN) of Geneve. It is realized in 65 nm bulk CMOS technology with an occupied area of 1.31 mm2. This converter provides an 800 mV output voltage from a 1.2 V supply. The load of the DC–DC converters is modeled as a resistor, RLOAD, that has 4 Ω nominal value but it can range from 2.67 up to 10 Ω. At 10 Ω RLOAD, a 6% efficiency improvement is reached with respect to the typical approach consisting in keeping constant the switching frequency at the optimum value for RLOAD nominal value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rousseau's importance for the postkantian idealism has been poorly researched. Hidden by the Kantian interpretation, the work of the Geneva thinker seems to have no relevant influence. Departing from an interpretative analysis of the literary sources and a comparison of the literary sources, our paper aims to show, using Hölderlin and Hegel's Tubingen and the immediately subsequent works (1791-1795), that Rousseau's influence has a decisive importance to understand the artistic and religious program of our authors. This analysis will allow us to understand that Rousseau is not a philosopher, nor an enlightenment figure, but rather a wise man, the bringer of a practical doctrine whose main principle consisted in supreme human dignity and the idea of freedom interpreted as autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of heavy workload of medical staff in the process of venous thrombosis prevention and treatment, error evaluation, missed evaluation, and inconsistent evaluation, we propose a joint extraction model of Chinese electronic medical records based on deep learning. The approach was to first construct the handshake annotation, then use bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) as the word vector embedding, then use the bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM) to extract the contextual features, and then integrate the contextual information into the process of normalizing the word vector. Experiments show that our proposed method achieves 93.3% and 94.3% of entity and relation F1 on the constructed electronic medical record dataset, which effectively improves the effect of medical information extraction. At the same time, the venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk factors extracted from the electronic medical record were used to judge the risk factors of venous thrombosis by means of rule reasoning. Compared with the assessment of clinicians on the Wells and Geneva scales, the accuracy rates of 84.7% and 86.1% were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the centuries, collaborative research between artists/designers and scientists/engineers has been an ambition. Yet, precisely how to make this successful still remains an enduring question. A creative approach that can unite art, design, science, and engineering is needed as a framework for effective collaborations. Assuming that the notion of 'the universe' in which we live is a concept that all humans can share, this paper considers how the idea of 'the universe' can connect the experts between and across different disciplines. This notion was developed through collaborative dialogue between an engineer at CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire) and a designer at HEAD – Genève (Haute école d'art et de design – Genève), with the author acting as a mediator – forming bridges between these two main collaborators. This mediated dialogue began with fundamental questions about the universe: "what are the core principles of the universe?"; "how do we perceive the universe?"; or, even "what is a meaning of life in this universe?". This dialogue created a transformation of our usual perspectives, and it opened up our usual, narrow ways of viewing the world – in other words, collaborators developed ways of looking at the world from a cosmic perspective. The first, three-month-long, stage of the project was intended as a precursor to future collaborations. The project took place at the R&D platform at CERN called IdeaSquare. During the period of the project, the engineer and the designer together created a proposal for a new artistic practice in public, from scratch, with mediated dialogue as the basic means of a project evolution. The developed proposal was for the creation of a Cosmic Table – a public installation in which visitors could feel a connection between the universe and other living beings. A working prototype was experimentally presented at CERN to test its design and functions. Followed by this prototype, it was developed to install in a public space at CineGlobe, a film festival at CERN. Through the mediated dialogue, this paper explores the possibility of 'the universe' as a mutually acceptable idea established through mediation among experts, and examines how this might provoke diverse forms of public installation that touch on the essence of the universe. • The mediated dialogue began with fundamental questions about the universe was explored at CERN. • The idea of 'the universe' works to connect the experts between and across different disciplines. • Diverse forms of public installation can be realized through a 'Cosmic Co-generative Model'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies is the property of Centre for Social, Spatial & Economic Justice and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Proposed here is a terminological review of the term euthanasia and the concepts related to a practice that has been in use since the dawn of history, in order to see what changes have occurred in the 1850-1950 ca. period, and what social and historical events prompted them. The timeline ideally follows the four Geneva Conventions of 1864, 1907, 1929 and 1949, a period in which a reflection on death as a mass phenomenon emerged due to unprecedented large-scale wars, and spurred the adoption of humanitarian standards as laid out in the Geneva treaties. The study adopts the perspective of Western culture and draws materials from the British newspapers The Times and The Manchester Guardian from the years 1864-1949. This paper offers a critical reflection on the changes which the term and concept of euthanasia underwent, in light of the historical moment, the social and ideological context, and the role of the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports issues and topics related to the United Nations Conference on Atomic Energy held on August 8 to 20, 1955, in Geneva, Switzerland. According to the event's organizers, the final count of papers accepted for the conference was 1,061, with 460 scheduled to be presented orally at one of the 60 sessions. The range of subjects is shown by the titles of the six volumes which will contain the published papers including "Safety Aspects of Nuclear Reactors," "Power Reactors," "Research Reactors," "Nuclear Fuels," "Atomic Raw Materials," and "Applications of Nuclear Radiation in Food and Agriculture."

The article discusses the importance of international archiving programme to preserve interactions of contemporary researchers for future scholars. It mentions that the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland commissioned a regularly updated biography by encouraging senior scientists to appraise their filing systems for historical interest. It suggests that individuals should hand their records to professional archivists working in reputable repositories.

The global landscape, enshrined in a wide range of international legal agreements, envisions an era of peaceful coexistence among nations. This vision is based on fundamental legal acts, such as the Charter of the United Nations and the Statute of the International Court of Justice (dated 26.06.1945), which enshrine the principle of peaceful coexistence. In addition, the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States (24.10.1970) and the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (01.08.1975) build on this foundation, strengthening the doctrine of peaceful interaction between states. The United Nations Charter resonates as a clear call to nations to prioritize peace and diplomacy over confrontation. The provision that “all Members of the United Nations shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner as not to endanger international peace, security and justice” (Article 2(3)) is not just a statement of intent; it is a guiding principle that emphasizes the value of peaceful coexistence. This principle favors dialogue over discord, cooperation over confrontation, and understanding over unilateral action. However, the development of international relations from the mid-20th century to the beginning of the 21st century demonstrates a somewhat opposite dynamic. Despite these well-established doctrines, there have been many instances where disputes have escalated into armed conflicts. The Korean War, the Vietnam War, multiple conflicts in the Middle East, and the recent civil war in Syria are just a few examples that have left a deep mark on the structure of world relations. Such events demonstrate the unfortunate tendency of states or groups within states to resort to force or the threat of force as a means of resolving disputes. This departure from the established norm of peaceful settlement raises a number of pressing questions and concerns, especially within the framework of international humanitarian law. How to accurately define “armed conflict”? What distinguishes an international conflict from a non-international one? When delving into this sub-topic, it is very important to distinguish between different classifications of conflicts. A thorough understanding of the criteria that distinguish, for example, between international conflicts, internal unrest, and other types of hostilities is of paramount importance. Referring to these criteria not only helps to accurately categorize conflicts, but also ensures that appropriate legal mechanisms are applied to mitigate the humanitarian consequences of such events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is of great significance to the improvement of industrial efficiency and quality, and to reduce industrial costs and resources. However, there are few openly-reported practical project applications based on the IIoT up to now. For legacy automation devices in traditional industry, it is especially challenging to realize the upgrading of industrial automation adopting the IIoT technology with less investment. Based on the practical engineering experience, this paper introduces the automation renovation of a sewage treatment plant. The legacy automation devices are upgraded by the central controller of a STM32 processor (Produced by STMicroelectronics company, located in Geneva, Switzerland), and the WeChatApplet (Developed by Tencent company, located in Shenzhen, China) is used as the extended host computer. A set of remote monitoring and control systems of sewage treatment based on the IIoT is built to realize the wide-area monitoring and control of sewage treatment. The paper describes the field hardware system, wide-area monitoring and control application program, management cloud platform and security technologies in detail. The actual operation results show that the monitoring system has the requirements of high accuracy, good real-time performance, reliable operation and low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this paper are (1) to assess the role of sociodemographic and psychosocial risk factors on antenatal anxiety (AA) and antenatal depression (AD) in first-generation migrant women in Geneva, as compared to a control group of native Swiss women, and (2) to examine the role of acculturation and other sociocultural factors in the development of antenatal distress in migrant women. A sample of 43 migrant and 41 Swiss pregnant women were recruited during the third trimester of pregnancy. AA was assessed by using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and AD by using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Acculturation was assessed as a bidimensional process comprising attachment to the heritage culture and adaptation to the local Swiss culture, using the Vancouver Index of Acculturation. AA in migrant women was mainly predicted by psychosocial factors, namely socioeconomic status, marital support, family presence in Geneva and parity, while AD was predicted by one dimension of acculturation, i.e., attachment to the heritage culture. Our study can inform perinatal health care professionals about some specific risk factors for antenatal distress in migrant women in order to increase systematic screening procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to shed light on the history of the Reformation in 17th-century Geneva. The lens through which this study is conducted is that of religious publishing activity, which was significantly managed by the Company of Pastors and Professors. The role of the Company in religious publishing is inextricably linked to the unique status of the Church of Geneva within the broader context of the Reformation. The Company's institutional archives offer insight into the issues at stake in the printed book matters. This article focuses on the role of the Company in local censorship, which diminished over the period under study. The Company's censorship function enabled it to exert concrete influence on the global scale of Reformed publishing. This influence was the consequence of the Company's ecclesiastical and theological authority. This authority derived from the status of the Church of Geneva as the principal church and birthplace of the Reformation in the 16th century. An analysis of the metaphors signifying and symbolizing this role in the printed books themselves underlines the pre-eminence of the Church of Geneva in 17th-century Reformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To conveniently implement the online detection of grain moisture in combined harvesters and the address the influence of the no-load measurement baseline, thereby enhancing detection accuracy and measurement continuity, this study developed a differential grain moisture detection device. For its convenient installation and integration on combined harvesters, a single-pole plate measurement element with a 1.6 mm thick epoxy resin coated with a 2-ounce copper film was designed, and a grain moisture detection device was constructed based on the STM32F103 microprocessor (STMicroelectronics International NV, Geneva, Switzerland). To enhance the device's interference resistance, a differential amplification measurement circuit integrated with high-frequency excitation was designed using a reference capacitance. To improve the resolution of the measurement circuit, Malab simulations were conducted at different excitation frequencies, ultimately selecting 30 kHz as the system's excitation signal frequency. To validate the effectiveness of the measurement circuit, validity tests were performed on the constructed sensor, which showed that the sensor's measurement voltage could effectively distinguish the moisture levels in grains, with a determination coefficient (R²) reaching 0.9978. To address the errors in moisture measurement caused by changes in grain temperature, an interaction experiment of the effect of moisture content and temperature on the measurement voltage was conducted using an integrated temperature sensor, resulting in the construction of a moisture content calculation model. Both the indoor static detection and field testing of the moisture detection device were conducted, indicating that the maximum average error in static measurements was 0.3%, with a maximum relative error of 0.47%, and the average relative error in field tests was ≤0.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pH of the solution in the rhizosphere is an important factor that determines the availability and mobility of nutrients for plant uptake. Solution pH may also affect the root distribution and architecture of apple rootstocks. In this study, we evaluated the effect of solution pH on root system development of apple rootstocks using an aeroponics system designed and developed at Cornell AgriTech Geneva, USA. Four Geneva® apple rootstocks (G.210, G.214, G.41, and G.890) were grown in an aeroponic system under nutrient solution misting featuring continuously adjusted pH levels to three pH treatments (5.5, 6.5, and 8.0). Root development was monitored for 30 days and evaluated regularly for distribution and root mass. Images of the developed roots grown in the aeroponic system were collected at the end of the experiment using a high-resolution camera and analyzed using GiA Roots® software, which generates root architecture parameter values in a semi-automated fashion. The resulting root architecture analysis showed that the Geneva® rootstocks were significantly different for two architecture parameters. The length-to-width ratio analysis represented by two GiA Roots parameters (minor-to-major ellipse ratio and network width-to-depth ratio) showed that G.210 was flatter than G.890, which had a greater tendency to grow downward. Rootstocks G.214 and G.41 displayed similar growth values. The solution pH affected most root architecture parameter measurements where overall root growth was higher at pH 8 than at pH 5.5 and 6.5, which showed similar growth. In general, the average root width tended to decrease at higher pH values. While there were no significant differences in the leaf nutrient concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Zn, Cu, and Fe within the four rootstocks, the pH level of the solution had a significant effect on P, Ca, and Mn. This study is the first of its kind to investigate the effect of pH on root architecture in a soil-free (aeroponic) environment and may have implications for apple root behavior under field conditions where pH levels are different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A healthy 47-year-old woman consulted the Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit of the University Hospitals of Geneva with a request to treat her painful tooth 11 and replace the missing tooth 21. The dental history revealed that the patient had lost teeth 21 and 22 due to advanced caries. On clinical examination, tooth 11 showed an ill-fitting prosthetic crown with overhanging margins, an increased localized probing depth of 8 mm in the disto-vestibular area, and sensitivity to percussion. The edentulous site 21 showed horizontal bone atrophy. Radiological examination revealed a well-defined unilocular radiotransparent lesion surrounded by a thin radiolucent border, located at the apex of tooth 11 and measuring 10 × 8 mm. The treatment consisted of extraction of 11, enucleation of the apical lesion, and insertion of implants at sites 11 and 21 with simultaneous bone augmentation in a single surgical procedure, with aesthetic and functional results at 3-year follow-up without any complications. Our case highlights that immediate implant placement in cases of cystic periapical lesions represents a good valid alternative to standard treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bihari community in Bangladesh, consisting of de facto stateless individuals, has long been excluded politically, socially, and economically. This article explores the nature of the political otherness of the Bihari people, who have been the victims of divisive politics. The Bihari people are deprived of a series of fundamental rights, including citizenship status, voting rights, political representation, access to government facilities, freedom to participate in elections as a candidate, as well as access to passports, banking accounts, and insurance. This article investigates how political factors have contributed to the historical and contemporary forms of othering of Geneva Camp (Mohammadpur), Murapara Bihari Camp (Mirpur), and Kurmitola Bihari Camp (Mirpur), we inquire into the nature of such political otherness. Building on the theoretical insights from Robert Park, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Ruth Levitas, we identify the reasons underlying statelessness and explain the otherness of the Bihari community. Survey and interview data are collected from primary sources, supplemented with data from published and unpublished sources. We find that the Bihari people have neither political power nor access to political participation at the local or national level as electoral candidates due to their identity, residential location, lack of active citizenship status, and limited access to voting rights. Moreover, the Bihari identity and residence in Bihari camps are the principal obstacles to access to a passport, government services, bank accounts, and insurance facilities. This article concludes that the people of the Bihari community in Bangladesh are the victims of severe political exclusing, and such exclusion is reponsibale for the "otherness of Bihari people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of the profile and motives of internet voting users in Geneva (Switzerland) shows that the common explanations of political participation ignore a subjective - or affective - dimension of political participation. This emotional dimension is the driver of internet vote use. Coincidentally, iVoting is mostly used by citizens who describe themselves as irregular voters or abstainers. This points to invisible barriers to political participation, as these citizens do not lack resources or knowledge, but the desire to participate by the common paper-based channels. For them, political participation is a self-centered process. Ultimately, this reflects a deep shift in the political life, from class-based choices to individual choices in the realm of public affairs. The present-day common good is defined by an aggregation of individual wills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on a technical paper regarding the monitoring and measurement of data acquisition network performance employed in ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC Apparatus) detector in Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) based in Geneva, Switzerland. It mentions the application of cross-correlation of multiple databases, a two-dimensional (2D) graph display tools, and a three-dimensional (3D) visualization system to monitor the data acquisition networks. It adds the customized aggregate plots used to improved the display of traffic analysis and diagnostic. It argues that a 3D visualization system is a great help for a complex network architecture.

Geometrical aspects of the design of fault current limiters (FCL) have a great impact on their performances. Recently, the University of Geneva have made certain optimizations by splitting the FCL into many small dissipative lengths in order to achieve a distributed transition along the device. For this paper, we have performed new 3D finite element method (FEM) simulations for studying the behavior of strip lines of a YB CO/Au FCL in an AC nominal use (sinusoidal current at industrial frequency) up to 3 Ic. The very large aspect ratio of the device needs a particular attention to the modeling and meshing process. The numerical results show that presence of sharp corners can influence the performance of the device. Due to the high value of the electric field in these areas, the local losses are much higher than in the case of smooth corners, and this may lead to burning and cracking the wafer. Ic- reversible damage experiments have confirmed these locations. In this paper we proposed new geometries, taking into account the length of the connecting path and the corners optimization in order to decrease the risk of very high localized losses in the meander. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about several topics discussed at the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva, Switzerland on August 8, 1955 is presented. The exhibits at Geneva are as significant a part of the conference as the scientific papers. The presenters, which include Professor D. V. Blokhintsev and Walter H. Zinn, director of the Argonne National Laboratory, presented their papers on "Experience with Nuclear Power Plants."

The effect of plant cultivar on the degree of mycorrhization and the benefits mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been documented in many crops. In apple, a wide variety of rootstocks are commercially available; however, it is not clear whether some rootstock genotypes are more susceptible to mycorrhization than others and/or whether AMF species identity influences rootstock compatibility. This study addresses these questions by directly testing the ability/efficacy of four different AMF species (Rhizophagus irregularis, Septoglomus deserticola, Claroideoglomus claroideum or Claroideoglomus etunicatum) to colonize a variety of commercially available Geneva apple rootstock genotypes (G.11, G.41, G.210, G.969, and G.890). Briefly, micropropagated plantlets were inoculated with individual species of AMF or were not inoculated. The effects of the rootstock genotype/AMF interaction on mycorrhization, plant growth, and/or leaf nutrient concentrations were assessed. We found that both rootstock genotype and the identity of the AMF are significant sources of variation affecting the percentage of colonization. However, these factors largely operate independently in terms of the extent of root colonization. Among the AMF tested, C. etunicatum and R. irregularis represented the most compatible fungal partners, regardless of apple rootstock genotype. Among the rootstocks tested, semi-dwarfing rootstocks appeared to have an advantage over dwarfing rootstocks in regard to establishing and maintaining associations with AMF. Nutrient uptake and plant growth outcomes were also influenced in a rootstock genotype/AMF species-specific manner. Our findings suggest that matching host genetics with compatible AMF species has the potential to enhance agricultural practices in nursery and orchard systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the case of a 61-year-old woman who was referred to the Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit of the University Hospitals of Geneva to take care of edentulous sites after the dental avulsions of teeth 11 and 21 following traumatic shock due to endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia. The dental history revealed that the patient had a history of generalized chronic periodontitis that had been treated several years earlier. The treatment consisted, for the first time to our knowledge, of the immediate insertion of implants at sites 11 and 21 with simultaneous bone augmentation in a single surgical procedure and immediate restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compartmental models that describe infectious disease transmission across subpopulations are central for assessing the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions, behavioral changes and seasonal effects on the spread of respiratory infections. We present a Bayesian workflow for such models, including four features: (1) an adjustment for incomplete case ascertainment, (2) an adequate sampling distribution of laboratory-confirmed cases, (3) a flexible, time-varying transmission rate, and (4) a stratification by age group. Within the workflow, we benchmarked the performance of various implementations of two of these features (2 and 3). For the second feature, we used SARS-CoV-2 data from the canton of Geneva (Switzerland) and found that a quasi-Poisson distribution is the most suitable sampling distribution for describing the overdispersion in the observed laboratory-confirmed cases. For the third feature, we implemented three methods: Brownian motion, B-splines, and approximate Gaussian processes (aGP). We compared their performance in terms of the number of effective samples per second, and the error and sharpness in estimating the time-varying transmission rate over a selection of ordinary differential equation solvers and tuning parameters, using simulated seroprevalence and laboratory-confirmed case data. Even though all methods could recover the time-varying dynamics in the transmission rate accurately, we found that B-splines perform up to four and ten times faster than Brownian motion and aGPs, respectively. We validated the B-spline model with simulated age-stratified data. We applied this model to 2020 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and two seroprevalence studies from the canton of Geneva. This resulted in detailed estimates of the transmission rate over time and the case ascertainment. Our results illustrate the potential of the presented workflow including stratified transmission to estimate age-specific epidemiological parameters. The workflow is freely available in the R package HETTMO, and can be easily adapted and applied to other infectious diseases. Author summary: Mathematical models are a central tool for understanding the spread of infectious diseases. These models can frequently be fitted to surveillance data such as the number of laboratory-confirmed cases and seroprevalence over time. We identified that in these situations, four crucial features are required for a model to provide insightful information for managing an epidemic. These features relate to the adjustment for incomplete case ascertainment, to the choice of sampling distribution, to the variation of transmission over time and to the stratification by age. For each feature, we identify and compare several implementation options on simulated data. This structural comparison of methods results in a Bayesian workflow that is optimized for modeling the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 over a short period. We highlight the advantages and limitations of our approach in a real situation, using real-world SARS-CoV-2 data from the canton of Geneva. In addition to providing validated solutions to important technical points, such a comprehensive workflow helps to improve the reliability and the transparency of epidemic models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]