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1. Redmap Australia: Challenges and Successes With a Large-Scale Citizen Science-Based Approach to Ecological Monitoring and Community Engagement on Climate Change

Author

Gretta T. Pecl, Jemina Stuart-Smith, Peter Walsh, Dianne J. Bray, Martha Kusetic, Michael Burgess, Stewart D. Frusher, Daniel C. Gledhill, Oliver George, Gary Jackson, John Keane, Victoria Y. Martin, Melissa Nursey-Bray, Andrew Pender, Lucy M. Robinson, Keith Rowling, Marcus Sheaves, and Natalie Moltschaniwskyj

Subjects
citizen science program, climate change ecology, community-based monitoring, data verification, range-shift, science communication, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Citizen science includes a suite of research approaches that involves participation by citizens, who are not usually trained scientists, in scientific projects. Citizen science projects have the capacity to record observations of species with high precision and accuracy, offering the potential for collection of biological data to support a diversity of research investigations. Moreover, via the involvement of project participants, these projects have the potential to engage the public on scientific issues and to possibly contribute to changes in community knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. However, there are considerable challenges in ensuring that large-scale collection and verification of species data by the untrained public is a robust and useful long-term endeavor, and that project participants are indeed engaged and acquiring knowledge. Here, we describe approaches taken to overcome challenges in creation and maintenance of a website-based national citizen science initiative where fishers, divers, and other coastal users submit opportunistic photographic observations of ‘out-of-range’ species. The Range Extension Database and Mapping Project (Redmap Australia) has two objectives, (1) ecological monitoring for the early detection of species that may be extending their geographic distribution due to environmental change, and (2) engaging the public on the ecological impacts of climate change, using the public’s own data. Semi-automated ‘managed crowd-sourcing’ of an Australia-wide network of scientists with taxonomic expertise is used to verify every photographic observation. This unique system is supported by efficient workflows that ensures the rigor of data submitted. Moreover, ease of involvement for participants and prompt personal feedback has contributed to generating and maintaining ongoing interest. The design of Redmap Australia allows co-creation of knowledge with the community – without participants requiring formal training – providing an opportunity to engage sectors of the community that may not necessarily be willing to undergo training or otherwise be formally involved or engaged in citizen science. Given that capturing changes in our natural environment requires many observations spread over time and space, identifying factors and processes that support large-scale citizen science monitoring projects is increasingly critical.

Published
2019
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2. A Survey of Carbon Nanotube Interconnects for Energy Efficient Integrated Circuits

Author

Toufik Sadi, Andrew Pender, Aida Todri-Sanial, Jie Liang, R. Ramos, Ken Teo, Nalin Rupesinghe, Benjamin Uhlig, Vihar P. Georgiev, Asen Asenov, Bernd Gotsmann, Campbell Millar, G. Goncalves, Hanako Okuno, Marcus Widlicenus, Jean Dijon, Fabian Motzfeld, Salvatore Maria Amoroso, A. Dhavamani, Katharina Lilienthal, Andrew R. Brown, Publica, Smart Integrated Electronic Systems (SmartIES), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux par Microscopie Avancée (LEMMA ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques (Fraunhofer IPM), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), James Watt School of Engineering [Univ Glasgow], University of Glasgow, Synopsys Inc., IBM Research Laboratory [Zurich], IBM Research [Zurich], Aixtron (UK), AIXTRON SE, European Project: 688612,H2020,H2020-ICT-2015,CONNECT(2016), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Interconnection, Circuit design, Nanotechnology, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, Integrated circuit, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science Applications, law.invention, Modeling and simulation, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, law, 0103 physical sciences, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Performance prediction, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN, Efficient energy use
Abstract

International audience; This article is a review of the state-of-art carbon nanotube interconnects for Silicon application with respect to the recent literature. Amongst all the research on carbon nanotube interconnects, those discussed here cover 1) challenges with current copper interconnects, 2) process & growth of carbon nanotube interconnects compatible with back-end-of-line integration, and 3) modeling and simulation for circuit-level benchmarking and performance prediction. The focus is on the evolution of carbon nanotube interconnects from the process, theoretical modeling, and experimental characterization to on-chip interconnect applications. We provide an overview of the current advancements on carbon nanotube interconnects and also regarding the prospects for designing energy efficient integrated circuits. Each selected category is presented in an accessible manner aiming to serve as a survey and informative cornerstone on carbon nanotube interconnects relevant to students and scientists belonging to a range of fields from physics, processing to circuit design.

Published
2017
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3. FinFET Centric Variability-Aware Compact Model Extraction and Generation Technology Supporting DTCO

Author

Xingsheng Wang, Binjie Cheng, Campbell Millar, Plamen Asenov, Asen Asenov, Andrew Pender, and David Reid

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Design of experiments, Testbed, Transistor, Process (computing), Silicon on insulator, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, CMOS, law, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Electronic engineering, Figure of merit, Static random-access memory, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

In this paper, we present a FinFET-focused variability-aware compact model (CM) extraction and generation technology supporting design-technology co-optimization. The 14-nm CMOS technology generation silicon on insulator FinFETs are used as testbed transistors to illustrate our approach. The TCAD simulations include a long-range process-induced variability using a design of experiment approach and short-range purely statistical variability (mismatch). The CM extraction supports a hierarchical CM approach, including nominal CM extraction, response surface CM extraction, and statistical CM extraction. The accurate CM generation technology captures the often non-Gaussian distributions of the key transistor figures of merit and their correlations preserving also the correlations between process and statistical variability. The use of the hierarchical CM is illustrated in the simulation of FinFET-based SRAM cells and ring oscillators.

Published
2015
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4. Atoms-to-circuits simulation investigation of CNT interconnects for next generation CMOS technology

Author

Jie Liang, Andrew Pender, Flamen Asenov, Vihar P. Georgiev, Toufik Sadi, Campbell Millar, Aida Todri-Sanial, Jaehyun Lee, D. Reid, Asen Asenov, Liping Wang, Salvatore Maria Amoroso, James Watt School of Engineering [Univ Glasgow], University of Glasgow, Smart Integrated Electronic Systems (SmartIES), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Synopsys Inc., European Project: 688612,H2020,H2020-ICT-2015,CONNECT(2016), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Propagation time, Materials science, Interconnects, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Ring oscillator, Carbon nanotube, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Circuit simulation, law, Hierarchical models, 0103 physical sciences, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, ta217, Electronic circuit, ta113, 010302 applied physics, Very-large-scale integration, Cu-CNT composites, Interconnection, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Density Functional Theory (DFT), CMOS, Optoelectronics, Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 0210 nano-technology, business, Science, technology and society, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN
Abstract

In this study, we suggest a hierarchical model to\ud investigate the electrical performance of carbon nanotube (CNT)-\ud based interconnects. From the density functional theory, we have\ud obtained important physical parameters, which are used in TCAD\ud simulators to obtain the RC netlists. We then use these RC netlists\ud for the circuit-level simulations to optimize interconnect design in\ud VLSI. Also, we have compared various CNT-based interconnects\ud such as single-walled CNTs, multi-walled CNTs, doped CNTs, and\ud Cu-CNT composites in terms of conductivity, ring oscillator delay,\ud and propagation time delay.

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