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Introduction: Honor killings have emerged as a concerning social issue in recent years, drawing the attention of researchers, social experts, and legal professionals. Honor killings can be broadly defined as acts of violence or abuse committed to preserve the perceived honor of a family or community. These killings can be categorized into two main types: intra-family and extra-family. Intra-family honor killings refer to murders carried out by family members against other members of the same family, either alone or with the involvement of outsiders. This can include the killing of a wife, husband, child, or parent by other relatives. In contrast, extra-family honor killings are acts of retribution committed by the victim of a crime, such as rape, or by the victim's family, against the perpetrators. The complex and often tragic nature of honor killings has made them a subject of intense scrutiny and debate within academic, social, and legal spheres. Understanding the nuances and underlying sociocultural factors driving this phenomenon is crucial for developing effective interventions and policies to address this pressing issue. Materials and Methods This study employed a qualitative research methodology. The study population consisted of 18 incarcerated individuals, who had committed acts of murder - 16 men and 2 women. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. The research was conducted in West Azerbaijan Province and the data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews. For the data analysis, a coding and data organization approach based on the CHARMS framework was utilized. This allowed the researchers to systematically analyze the interview transcripts and identify key themes and insights from the participants' firsthand experiences and perspectives on committing acts of honor-related violence. The qualitative design and targeted sampling of individuals directly involved in honor killings provided an in-depth, contextual understanding of this complex social phenomenon. The use of semi-structured interviews facilitated a rich exploration of the motivations, decision-making processes, and sociocultural factors underlying honor-based crimes from the perpetrators' own narratives. Overall, the methodological approach enabled a nuanced, evidence-based investigation of the honor killing issue within the specific geographic and cultural setting of West Azerbaijan Province. Discussion of Results & Conclusion The sociological interpretivist approach, with its emphasis on social constructionism, posits that social actors play a central role in constructing and reconstructing their social realities. From this perspective, honor killings can be understood as conscious attempts by individuals and groups to defend family honor and traditional social order in the face of modernization and changing lifestyles. Honor killings are a complex, multifaceted phenomenon rooted in various sociocultural dimensions. They are more prevalent in traditional, transitional societies where informal social controls and a collective sense of honor serve as a de facto "punitive law" to restore the perceived honor of the family as the dominant social unit. In these contexts, honor killings function as a technique of social control, with women's sexuality and social behavior being key markers of communal honor. In societies undergoing the shift from tradition to modernity, honor killings often arise from the conflict and tension between the forces of traditional solidarity and the forces of modern individualism. This "cultural lag" between the realms of family and individual creates a dissonance that can culminate in honor-based violence as groups with ethnic, tribal, or local subcultures struggle to maintain their customs and norms in the face of modernizing influences. The findings of this study identified 35 primary concepts, 6 secondary concepts, (including structural determinants, intra-group order, introduction of modern elements, weakening of traditions, externalization, and the conflict between the individual and society), and 4 core conceptual categories (the family's traditional order, changing lifestyles, the modern family outside the traditional order, and the pursuit of illegitimate opportunities). The overarching theoretical category that emerges is "conflict in the new family system" - the "cultural lag" in the family sphere that fuels honor-based violence. Understanding the complex, multifaceted nature of honor killings through a sociological, interpretivist lens is crucial for developing effective interventions and policies to address this persistent social issue. Recognizing the interplay between tradition, modernity, and the evolving dynamics of the family can inform more nuanced, context-sensitive approaches to preventing and responding to honor-based crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we explore prominent contemporary technology trajectories in the software industry and how they are expected to influence the work in the software industry. Consequently, we build on cultural lag theory to analyze how technological changes affect work in software development. We present the results from a series of expert interviews that were analyzed using the Gioia method. Moreover, we identify a set of technology trends pertinent to software development from which we derive four main changes affecting the future of work in software development: (1) a shift toward scalable solutions, (2) increased emphasis on data, (3) convergence of IT and non-IT industries, and (4) the cloud as the dominant computing paradigm. Accordingly, this study contains insights into how technology (as an element of material culture) influences non-material culture, as exemplified by the work involved in software development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the industrial revolution in England around the 18thcentury, the world changed in very fast motion. Sequentially steam engine was found, printing machines, computers, and finally the internet network—a forerunner of the digital era. These all affect without exception, including Indonesia. We live in a world connected one another through communication technology. Departing from this issue, this study focused on the face of religious thought, educational patterns, and culture—especially in Muslims society. Trying to integrate William F. Ogburn's Cultural Lag theory and Disruptive Innovation of Clayton Cristensen, this study found the symptom connection between them. Civilization which consists of two elements: material (technology) and non-material (culture; education) are clearly separated by the abyss. One element flies very fast, and the other crawls slowly. These two things ultimately influence the Muslim religious thinking today. Overlapping the information in digital media every day made religious people did not have time to digest or analyze it. In fact, we found unilateral truth claims from certain groups—in the name of a complete understanding of religion, which is deeply turned out to be ahistorical. Here; disruption is caused by the movement of information that coming so fast—unstoppable and created a shallow, instant and hasty knowledge.

A classic epistemological problem in the social sciences is how to analyse and understand social change. In media and communication studies, for example, the concept of mediatisation has sparked off such a debate, since one of the main criticisms against the approach is that researchers rather take change for granted without being able to empirically establish if and how change has occurred. In this article is suggested a model for analysing social change through an analysis of how generational identity as "we-sense" is produced in narratives about media use. The empirical basis for the discussion is picked from a recently finished project on media generations in Sweden and Estonia, building on foremost qualitative material. The article concludes with accounting for the merits of using a generational perspective for analysing social change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores design innovation approaches in the creative economy in the Northern Isles of Scotland, specifically, the Shetland archipelago, focusing on the textiles sector. Shetland has a rich history of craft work, including Fair Isle knitting and lace making. We contend that the value of cultural assets in contributing to the creative economy is under examined and that there is a paucity of understanding of the innovative potential of craft and creative practitioners in the region. The insights presented are derived from Innovation from Tradition workshops, which aimed to reframe the creative economy within an island context, elicit knowledge surrounding local cultural assets and explore the innovative capabilities of creative practitioners. We reflect on how a design innovation approach allowed us to garner the collective wisdom held in communities and foreground the focal themes of practice, place and people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural variations across nations and organizational culture-based differences between organizations that are involved in the transfer of various kinds of technologies are considered two major factors that influence the success of transfer. Relevant contributions from cross-cultural studies on management and organizations are integrated into the literature on organizational culture and diffusion of innovations, and a conceptual model is developed. Implications for research in international and comparative management are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on issues and topics related to scientific revolution. Science is the first common enterprise of humanity. It may have begun separately in different civilizations and some ended in when they were extinguished by conquest or epidemic. However, in modern civilization, science has spread to every corner on the globe. Science originally sprouted from Western Europe, but there is probably no country in the world which does not participate, to some degree, in the advancement of science.

The author reflects on the role of education in minimizing cultural lag during the period of modern science and technology. He stated that science is progressing while the ideas of education are basically the same as those from the past. This resulted to the notion that society is unable to keep up with the rapid pace of technological changes. He suggested to change the education system to improve civilization.

The author presents a discussion on the impact of pension funds on the United States economy. The author cites the articles "Effect on the Economy of Channeling Savings through Pension Funds," by Harry G. Guthmann, and "Investment Aspects of the Accumulation of Pension Funds," by Roger F. Murray. The author explains that little information is available about personal pension funds. It is suggested that the lack of information on pension funds is the result of a "cultural lag." The author also asserts that a committee should be formed to investigate the best way of dealing with the lack of information available concerning personal pension funds.

A quarter century ago the landmark report from the U. S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine entitled "Emerging Infections, Microbial Threats to Health in the United States" was released. This classic study captured the societal changes then underway in our rapidly growing world: The growth of the world's population and changing human behavior; the advances and globalization of technology and industry; the changes in economic development and land use; the dramatic increase in speed and frequency of international travel and commerce; the adaptation of microbes and the appearance of never before seen pathogens; and the breakdown of traditional public health measures. This societal evolution has only increased and the growing frequency of outbreaks foretold in the report has come to pass. Each new disaster has precipitated changes and adaptations in our global response to infectious diseases designed to reduce risks and avoid future outbreaks. We discuss these past events and how each led to change in an effort to mitigate future threats. We also look to the future to consider what challenges might lay ahead. Conclusion. Major outbreaks over the past quarter century validated the concept of emerging infectious diseases and led to improvements in global policies and national public health programs; however, there will likely always be new diseases and the threat of reemergence of diseases once thought controlled leading to a constant need for vigilance in public health preparedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annales UMCS, Sectio K (Politologia) is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In China, a mere copying and pasting of the regulative skeleton from the West aiming to enhance the quality of regulations would always invite criticism. With respect to the legal system of intellectual property rights protection, especially the digital copyright legal regime, it looks more like a paradoxical combination of the Western approach. Accomplished success has been achieved on the 'black letter' (doctrinalism) aspect. However, there has been little awareness of the comparison from the perspectives of cultural, social, and political context (contextualism) where the regulation develops. This article reviews why and to what extent the cultural context matters in regard to the interaction between technology and digital copyright regulations. This research will eventually come to a conclusion that in those developing countries, such as China, legal transplant could still need to be carefully selected and tailored to the socio-cultural and economic demands of that country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the arbiters of change in values and culture relative to the advancement of science and technology in the twentieth century. Conservative groups have offered resistance to discovery and innovation wherever they have the power. They offer pedantry in the amplification of other people’s creative works. They urge dubious analogical arguments designed to make the classics contemporary. The methods of this examination will be humanistic, not scientific, since one claim is that scientific methods do not apply to their truths, and this is conceded. The result is an argument, open to charges of selectivity, making a worse cause look like what it is.

The article deals the issue of meaningfulness, significance, importance, and pragmaticallyspeaking, the usefulness of human life, in his private and family or the public, the workingenvironment. The topic today is an important topic of thinking, at least with respect toeconomic and financial crisis that devastates the global economic environment, both inconnection with the growing influence of global problems of mankind or by naturalimpending natural disasters around the world. Through axiological reflection reveals ourfundamental notions about quality of life. Naming the biased dissemination strategydrinking lifestyle, satisfaction and pseudo saturation mainly consumer needs. Theenvironment needs a new sense of permanent, other, innovative, naturally loses and dullsthe sense of genuine, real and substantial work and life values. Their commemoration,historical significance and generate real cultural values, reveals the essential foundations ofvalues and culture in general shows a tendency of a transformed form perceptions of thecultural dimension of social interaction a person at any level of social life, family andfriends and from work and career ending. The promotion of social, cultural maturity ofindividuals and groups which in the process of socialization creates must build on thetradition of values that forms the history of each culture.

New economy politics after 1980 in Turkey did not only change economic life, it also changed social and cultural values, moral ideas and led the country to become a new society. In that process, it was observed that, people started to reach imported consumption products easily and so material cultural changed fast, however this change did not appear in the moral culture. Therefore, a disparity occurred between material and moral culture, as Ogburn said, a cultural gap has occurred. That change which occurred especially in economic structure and consumption culture, was reflected in critical language of humor as contradictions in a society that cannot be modern. In this study, Gırgır, a humor magazine that has a special space in Turkey's humor magazine tradition, was used as sample. Gırgır, that caricatures changes in people's daily habits and in their cultural values, presents opportunity to concrete and exemplify the concept of cultural gap. For that aim, Gırgır was searched and convenient examples were studied. They were analyzed discursively and visually in the framework of qualitative content analysis to show how social change and value variation were reflected by humor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a pragmatic aspect associated with the knowledge of morality. The knowledge is seen as necessary precondition to the efforts related to the desire to stimulate the presence of morality in modern life. After the finding that continually weakens the confidence in morality, an attempt is made to identify some of the reasons. Dissatisfaction and criticism of today's morality are presented at the same time as an indication of the great interest in this unique social phenomenon which cannot be neglected. It is pointed out that such an attitude to morality is always seen in periods of radical and rapid social changes. A lot of questions are raised which express high expectations to morality, while challenging its capabilities as a regulator in our society at the same time. Answers are wanted in three directions: 1) the general cultural framework, in which morality exists, according to the theory of "cultural lag"; 2) some own characteristics of morality; 3) the relationship of morality and politics. The search for causes of dissatisfaction points to the need for in-depth insight into the specifics of morality. The theory of cultural lag is seen as a possible explanation of the fact that morality must adapt to the rapidly occurring technological, economic, and global changes and continually "to catch up". Own characteristics of morality, which are often described as his "weaknesses", are presented but also in other respects they are revealed as "strengths", thanks to which it has survived through the centuries. Different ways of moral action are pointed The search for causes of dissatisfaction points to the need for in-depth insight into the specifics of morality. The theory of cultural lag is seen as a possible explanation of the fact that morality must adapt to the rapidly occurring technological, economic, and global changes and continually "to catch up". Own characteristics of morality, which are often described as his "weaknesses", are presented but also in other respects they are revealed as "strengths", thanks to which it has survived through the centuries. Different ways of moral action are pointed, focusing on its action through the institutions of law. Relationship of morality and policy is seen as a feature that can be turned into a good opportunity to stimulate the action of morality nowadays, without leading to moralism. In this case, the role of politics is to mediate and ensure moral action through the institutions of law, while respecting certain conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the main stages in the process through which the notion of "needing to catch up" (a belief that the country was in need of accelerated development) became incorporated into the idea of Bulgarian national identity. Since the mid-19th century, Bulgarians have tended to rely on the notion of "needing to catch up" as a way of conceptualising their place among "the civilised nations," a concept they regard with varying degrees of desirability. I use the concept of "needing to catch up" in the sense of a culturally and politically functional standard or template, which nonetheless cannot function as an independent concept since it belongs to different systems of ideas with their various economic, geopolitical, religious, psychological and cultural aspects. Inseparably wedded to the idea of "needing to catch up" is the idea of "retardation", which was floated in discussions on the Bulgarian condition even before the Bulgarian state emerged as a political reality. As the national movement grew in strength, these inferiority complexes morphed into their mirror image: a belief that Bulgarians were capable of catching up with Europe in terms of cultural advancement. From the early fascination with the cultural achievements of the "enlightened nation" felt by the so-called "Orthodox Enlightenment" thinkers, through a replication of the Russian discourse, this line of reasoning culminated in Marxist ideology (including propaganda between 1945 and 1989) and the post-1989 politics of persuasion. The bell may be tolling for the time-bound idea of "needing to catch up", a notion which has exhausted its potential to excite intellectual conflict or struggle, and has very possibly resulted is a self-poisoning of the cultures which indulged in it, only to become doomed to dull, infantile repetition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mexico, 24 public and private universities --among them, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México- have an academic support program for indigenous students. It has been more than a decade since its beginning, which makes us reflect about the obstacles faced and its effectiveness to decrease poverty or social vulnerability of this kind of groups due to education of their university students. Based on the acquired experience during the implementation of the program, it calls into question this attempt to make official the intercultural relationships through the higher education and this kind of support. At the same time it sparked off a debate in regard to the challenges that universities have to face up to design school models and plans of action focused on improve the quality of life of these disadvantaged sections of Mexican society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reflects on the decline in Christianity knowledge and lack of understanding in its reference to Judas. It states that people are busy in fighting among themselves about the spirit and letter of the Second Vatican Council which has taken them away from their culture and Lord Jesus has become only a remote figure for them. It discusses the aspects of the Second Vatican Council and reflects that it would be tragedy if the legacy of the council keeps Christians away from values.

The article presents reasons for uneven progress of arts and culture in Senegal. It states that arts and cultural progress faced various troubles during the rule of Abdou Diouf and Abdoulaye Wade because of depletion of resources and economic drawbacks. It also states that various protestants worked against the state and its censorship of public space in order to develop an alternative popular culture which include Front Culturel and a film "Sembene."

Copyright of African Studies Review is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the events of 2008 and possible ramifications of them on the future of international relations. Two of the most important were the global economic crisis and the election of Barack Obama to the U.S. Presidency. The author suggests both events could reconfigure the relationship between the U.S. and the rest of the world. Topics discussed include globalization, international economic integration, and cultural lag.

Abstract  Despite several examples of deployed agent systems, there remain barriers to the large-scale adoption of agent technologies. In order to understand these barriers, this paper considers aspects of marketing theory which deal with diffusion of innovations and their relevance to the agents domain and the current state of diffusion of agent technologies. In particular, the paper examines the role of standards in the adoption of new technologies, describes the agent standards landscape, and compares the development and diffusion of agent technologies with that of object-oriented programming. The paper also reports on a simulation model developed in order to consider different trajectories for the adoption of agent technologies, with trajectories based on various assumptions regarding industry structure and the existence of competing technology standards. We present details of the simulation model and its assumptions, along with the results of the simulation exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a period of cultural crisis, a significant mission of philosophers is to provide a framework for the re-establishment of cultural self-identity. The purpose of this framework is to facilitate the self-transformation of cultures, and the aim of this is to regain the ground of legitimation for the sake of cultural evolution. This paper compares the cultural critique of Dai Zhen (1724-1777) and Nietzsche (1844-1900) and explores the cultural self-transformation strategies which are implied in their cultural critiques. I describe how these two philosophers faced the crisis of their own culture (Confucian. ism and Platonism-Christianity) and what approaches they used to transcend their culture. We can draw a parallel between Dai Zhen's efforts and Nietzsche's efforts to reconstruct their own cultural traditions. There are some similar- ities to be found in their cultural reconstructions, which also signify a trans- formation of thought structure. The cultural critiques of Dai Zhen and Nietzsche implicitly put forth the following: 1. an emphasis on the individual 2. an emphasis on the naturalness of the human being 3. the body as a basis for human conduct. These require a refutation of the transcendental identity of the norm but an acceptance of the empirical aspects of human nature. On the one hand, Dai Zhen and Nietzsche emphasize the concreteness and particularity of the individual; on the other hand, they try to provide a necessary code of conduct from the perspective of naturalistic holism, using the body as a basis for human conduct. We examine whether the cultural critiques of Dai Zhen and Nietzsche can be seen as a test of the philosophy of body to provide a code of conduct for every individual. There are two possible outcomes for this trial: either Dai Zhen and Nietzsche can achieve their goal of cultural self- transformation, or, the revaluations of their cultural matrices are nothing but an accelerated destruction of cultural and traditional core values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-nationally, observed fertility is well below mean levels of reported ideal family size and also usually well below survey respondents' fertility desires and intentions. The United States is an exception. In this article we: (1) discuss the importance of fertility ideals and intentions for understanding observed fertility levels, (2) propose a model that can account for variable attitude-behavior consistency, and (3) use this model as a framework to examine trends in American women's fertility ideals, intentions, and actual fertility. Our study uses data from the General Social Surveys and the Current Population Surveys. We ask whether preferences and intentions for moderate family sizes have eroded with time. The answer is remarkably clear: the dominant American ideals and intentions are for two or three children, and these preferences have persisted across the last three decades. The unusual aggregate correspondence between fertility intentions and behavior in the United States is explained by an apparent offsetting of factors that increase/decrease fertility relative to intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the contribution of the works of Mirra Komarovsky, a professor, to women's studies. She is one of the earliest scholars interested in gender. From the earliest moments of her work, she was pointing to the interaction of gender and class in the formation of behavior and attitudes on domestic as well as broader sociopolitical levels. She showed that gender could never be understood in isolation, a lesson sometimes neglected by political feminists in the early years of both the first and second waves of the feminist movement, in the United States at least. She took interest in the fissures and gaps between social expectations and daily practice. From the start of her work on unemployment and its relation to men's self-image, she demonstrated that rapid social changes revealed not only the cultural lag that left expectations in place after they had been damaged or destroyed by economic and social actualities, but that unrealistic expectations had roots that went far deeper than social conservatism.

Purpose - This paper aims to show the interrelation and relevancy of the concept and theory of cultural lag to social justice. The conception of social justice, though wide in scope, is applied in this paper to the limited domain of equality of opportunity and fairness with respect to income distribution. Design/methodology/approach - The methodology of this paper is holistic and interdisciplinary, and interrelates the social and the economic in the overall dynamics of general culture evolution. Findings - The "inverted U-curve hypothesis" of Simon Kuznets implies that a greater equality of income distribution would be forthcoming in an economy characterized by a mature phase of modern economic growth. Empirical evidence demonstrates that such a movement toward greater equality is subject to question. The American experience of the 1920s and the period from 1973 to the present offers evidence to question the U-curve hypothesis. Contrary to expectations, during these periods income distribution became more unequal. These periods, indicative of maladjustment, are used to demonstrate and serve as examples of cultural lags. The concept and theory of cultural lag exposes the need for prerequisite institutional adjustment It consequently appears that the American institutional structure, currently directing the economy toward a policy orientation of laissez-faire and the resulting increased inequality of income distribution, is anachronistic to a modern industrial society oriented toward the goal of social justice. Originality/value - Relevant to the quest of social justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relying on interviews with contingent workers in diverse jobs, this article explores the motivations underlying worker consent, in particular, workers' commitment to employers who did little to encourage it. Driven by the need to address the "spoiled identity" problem brought on by contingent employment, workers engaged in identity-management strategies that included the following: defining a willingness to work hard rather than the job per se as determinative of personal value, asserting an alternative vocation as one's appropriate identity-conferring occupation, and aligning with managers as a reference group. These strategies had the ideological effect of reaffirming a managerial ideology that hampered the ability to formulate a critique of existing employment relations. A much smaller group, made up of disillusioned day laborers with few illusions about middle-class respectability, rejected identity-management strategies and regarded their relationship with employers in the purely instrumental terms that the business press assumes would apply to all workers. The article concludes that cultural lag and the raw appeal of the notion of a caring employer may underlie the persistence of the accommodationist orientations displayed by most of these workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theories of social evolution have predicted that early permanent population concentrations will frequently be unstable, with fissioning the predominant mechanism for resolving intravillage conflict. It has further been suggested that village fissioning wilt cease with the emergence of higher-level integrative institutions. These processes have remained archaeologically undocumented. In this article I attempt to identify the village fissioning process in the Formative Period of Bolivia's Titicaca Basin. I conclude that village fissioning took place in the Early Formative, and that it ceased with the emergence of a regional religious tradition in the Middle Formative. These results confirm the utility and applicability of the evolutionary model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a model of social learning in a population of myopic, memoryless agents. The agents are placed at integer points on an infinite line. Each time period, they perform experiments with one of two technologies, then each observes the outcomes and technology choices of the two adjacent agents as well as his own outcome. Two learning niles are considered; it is shown that under the first, where an agent changes his technology only if he has had a failure (a bad outcome), the society converges with probability 1 to the better technology. In the other, where agents switch on the basis of the neighbourhood averages, convergence occurs if the better technology is sufficiently better. The results provide a surprisingly optimistic conclusion about the diffusion of the better technology through imitation, even under the assumption of extremely boundedly rational agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]