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1. A simplified (modified) Duke Activity Status Index (M-DASI) to characterise functional capacity: a secondary analysis of the Measurement of Exercise Tolerance before Surgery (METS) study

Author

Wallace, S., Thompson, B., Ellis, M., Borg, B., Kerridge, R.K., Douglas, J., Brannan, J., Pretto, J., Godsall, M.G., Beauchamp, N., Allen, S., Kennedy, A., Wright, E., Malherbe, J., Ismail, H., Riedel, B., Melville, A., Sivakumar, H., Murmane, A., Kenchington, K., Kirabiyik, Y., Gurunathan, U., Stonell, C., Brunello, K., Steele, K., Tronstad, O., Masel, P., Dent, A., Smith, E., Bodger, A., Abolfathi, M., Sivalingam, P., Hall, A., Painter, T.W., Macklin, S., Elliott, A., Carrera, A.M., Terblanche, N.C.S., Pitt, S., Samuels, J., Wilde, C., Leslie, K., MacCormick, A., Bramley, D., Southcott, A.M., Grant, J., Taylor, H., Bates, S., Towns, M., Tippett, A., Marshall, F., Mazer, C.D., Kunasingam, J., Yagnik, A., Crescini, C., Yagnik, S., McCartney, C.J.L., Choi, S., Somascanthan, P., Flores, K., Au, S., Beattie, W.S., Karkouti, K., Clarke, H.A., Jerath, A., McCluskey, S.A., Wasowicz, M., Day, L., Pazmino-Canizares, J., Oh, P., Belliard, R., Lee, L., Dobson, K., Chan, V., Brull, R., Ami, N., Stanbrook, M., Hagen, K., Campbell, D., Short, T., Van Der Westhuizen, J., Higgie, J.K., Lindsay, H., Jang, R., Wong, C., Mcallister, D., Ali, M., Kumar, J., Waymouth, E., Kim, C., Dimech, J., Lorimer, M., Tai, J., Miller, R., Sara, R., Collingwood, A., Olliff, S., Gabriel, S., Houston, H., Dalley, P., Hurford, S., Hunt, A., Andrews, L., Navarra, L., Jason-Smith, A., Thompson, H., McMillan, N., Back, G., Lum, M., Martin, D., S James, S., Filipe, H., Pinto, M., Kynaston, S., Phull, M., Beilstein, C., Bodger, P., Everingham, K., Hu, Y., Niebrzegowska, E., Corriea, C., Creary, T., Januszewska, M., Ahmad, T., Whalley, J., Haslop, R., McNeil, J., Brown, A., MacDonald, N., Pakats, M., Greaves, K., Jhanji, S., Raobaikady, R., Black, E., Rooms, M., Lawrence, H., Koutra, M., Pirie, K., Gertsman, M., Jack, S., Celinski, M., Levett, D., Edwards, M., Salmon, K., Bolger, C., Loughney, L., Seaward, L., Collins, H., Tyrell, B., Tantony, N., Golder, K., Ackland, G.L., Stephens, R.C.M., Gallego-Paredes, L., Reyes, A., Gutierrez del Arroyo, A., Raj, A., R Lifford, R., Melo, M., Mamdani, M., Hillis, G., Wijeysundera, H.C., Riedel, Bernhard, Li, Michael H-G., Lee, C.H. Angus, Ismail, Hilmy, Cuthbertson, Brian H., Wijeysundera, Duminda N., and Ho, Kwok M.

Published
2021
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2. Integration of the Duke Activity Status Index into preoperative risk evaluation: a multicentre prospective cohort study

Author

Cuthbertson, B.H., Wijeysundera, D.N., Pearse, R.M., Myles, P.S., Abbott, T.E.F., Shulman, M.A., Torres, E., Ambosta, A., Melo, M., Mamdani, M., Thorpe, K.E., Wallace, S., Farrington, C., Croal, B.L., Grocott, M.P.W., Granton, J.T., Oh, P., Thompson, B., Levett, D., Hillis, G., Beattie, W.S., Wijeysundera, H.C., Wijeysundera, Duminda N., Beattie, W. Scott, Hillis, Graham S., Abbott, Tom E.F., Shulman, Mark A., Ackland, Gareth L., Mazer, C. David, Myles, Paul S., Pearse, Rupert M., Cuthbertson, Brian H., Ellis, M., Borg, B., Kerridge, R.K., Douglas, J., Brannan, J., Pretto, J., Godsall, M.G., Beauchamp, N., Allen, S., Kennedy, A., Wright, E., Malherbe, J., Ismail, H., Riedel, B., Melville, A., Sivakumar, H., Murmane, A., Kenchington, K., Kirabiyik, Y., Gurunathan, U., Stonell, C., Brunello, K., Steele, K., Tronstad, O., Masel, P., Dent, A., Smith, E., Bodger, A., Abolfathi, M., Sivalingam, P., Hall, A., Painter, T.W., Macklin, S., Elliott, A., Carrera, A.M., Terblanche, N.C.S., Pitt, S., Samuels, J., Wilde, C., Leslie, K., MacCormick, A., Bramley, D., Southcott, A.M., Grant, J., Taylor, H., Bates, S., Towns, M., Tippett, A., Marshall, F., Mazer, C.D., Kunasingam, J., Yagnik, A., Crescini, C., Yagnik, S., McCartney, C.J.L., Choi, S., Somascanthan, P., Flores, K., Karkouti, K., Clarke, H.A., Jerath, A., McCluskey, S.A., Wasowicz, M., Day, L., Pazmino-Canizares, J., Belliard, R., Lee, L., Dobson, K., Chan, V., Brull, R., Ami, N., Stanbrook, M., Hagen, K., Campbell, D., Short, T., Van Der Westhuizen, J., Higgie, K., Lindsay, H., Jang, R., Wong, C., Mcallister, D., Ali, M., Kumar, J., Waymouth, E., Kim, C., Dimech, J., Lorimer, M., Tai, J., Miller, R., Sara, R., Collingwood, A., Olliff, S., Gabriel, S., Houston, H., Dalley, P., Hurford, S., Hunt, A., Andrews, L., Navarra, L., Jason-Smith, A., Thompson, H., McMillan, N., Back, G., Lum, M., Martin, D., James, S., Filipe, H., Pinto, M., Kynaston, S., Phull, M., Beilstein, C., Bodger, P., Everingham, K., Hu, Y., Niebrzegowska, E., Corriea, C., Creary, T., Januszewska, M., Ahmad, T., Whalley, J., Haslop, R., McNeil, J., Brown, A., MacDonald, N., Pakats, M., Greaves, K., Jhanji, S., Raobaikady, R., Black, E., Rooms, M., Lawrence, H., Koutra, M., Pirie, K., Gertsman, M., Jack, S., Celinski, M., Edwards, M., Salmon, K., Bolger, C., Loughney, L., Seaward, L., Collins, H., Tyrell, B., Tantony, N., Golder, K., Ackland, G.L., Stephens, R.C.M., Gallego-Paredes, L., Reyes, A., Gutierrez del Arroyo, A., Raj, A., and Lifford, R.

Published
2020
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3. Association of preoperative anaemia with cardiopulmonary exercise capacity and postoperative outcomes in noncardiac surgery: a substudy of the Measurement of Exercise Tolerance before Surgery (METS) Study

Author

Myles, P.S., Shulman, M.A., Wallace, S., Farrington, C., Thompson, B., Ellis, M., Borg, B., Kerridge, R.K., Douglas, J., Brannan, J., Pretto, J., Godsall, M.G., Beauchamp, N., Allen, S., Kennedy, A., Wright, E., Malherbe, J., Ismail, H., Riedel, B., Melville, A., Sivakumar, H., Murmane, A., Kenchington, K., Kirabiyik, Y., Gurunathan, U., Stonell, C., Brunello, K., Steele, K., Tronstad, O., Masel, P., Dent, A., Smith, E., Bodger, A., Abolfathi, M., Sivalingam, P., Hall, A., Painter, T.W., Macklin, S., Elliott, A., Carrera, A.M., Terblanche, N.C.S., Pitt, S., Samuels, J., Wilde, C., Leslie, K., MacCormick, A., Bramley, D., Southcott, A.M., Grant, J., Taylor, H., Bates, S., Towns, M., Tippett, A., Marshall, F., Mazer, C.D., Kunasingam, J., Yagnik, A., Crescini, C., Yagnik, S., McCartney, C.J.L., Choi, S., Somascanthan, P., Flores, K., Wijeysundera, D.N., Beattie, W.S., Karkouti, K., Clarke, H.A., Jerath, A., McCluskey, S.A., Wasowicz, M., Granton, J.T., Day, L., Pazmino-Canizares, J., Oh, P., Belliard, R., Lee, L., Dobson, K., Chan, V., Brull, R., Ami, N., Stanbrook, M., Hagen, K., Campbell, D., Short, T., Van Der Westhuizen, J., Higgie, K., Lindsay, H., Jang, R., Wong, C., Mcallister, D., Ali, M., Kumar, J., Waymouth, E., Kim, C., Dimech, J., Lorimer, M., Tai, J., Miller, R., Sara, R., Collingwood, A., Olliff, S., Gabriel, S., Houston, H., Dalley, P., Hurford, S., Hunt, A., Andrews, L., Navarra, L., Jason-Smith, A., Thompson, H., McMillan, N., Back, G., Croal, B.L., Lum, M., Martin, D., James, S., Filipe, H., Pinto, M., Kynaston, S., Pearse, R.M., Abbott, T.E.F., Phull, M., Beilstein, C., Bodger, P., Everingham, K., Hu, Y., Niebrzegowska, E., Corriea, C., Creary, T., Januszewska, M., Ahmad, T., Whalley, J., Haslop, R., McNeil, J., Brown, A., MacDonald, N., Pakats, M., Greaves, K., Jhanji, S., Raobaikady, R., Black, E., Rooms, M., Lawrence, H., Koutra, M., Pirie, K., Gertsman, M., Jack, S., Celinski, M., Levett, D., Edwards, M., Salmon, K., Bolger, C., Loughney, L., Seaward, L., Collins, H., Tyrell, B., Tantony, N., Golder, K., Ackland, G.L., Gallego-Paredes, L., Reyes, A., Gutierrez del Arroyo, A., Raj, A., Lifford, R., Cuthbertson, B.H., Torres, E., Ambosta, A., Melo, M., Mamdani, M., Thorpe, K.E., Grocott, M.P.W., Hillis, G., Wijeysundera, H.C., Bartoszko, J., and Laupacis, A.

Published
2019
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12. Increasing comparability among coral bleaching experiments

Author

Grottoli, A. G., primary, Toonen, R. J., additional, van Woesik, R., additional, Vega Thurber, R., additional, Warner, M. E., additional, McLachlan, R. H., additional, Price, J. T., additional, Bahr, K. D., additional, Baums, I. B., additional, Castillo, K. D., additional, Coffroth, M. A., additional, Cunning, R., additional, Dobson, K. L., additional, Donahue, M. J., additional, Hench, J. L., additional, Iglesias‐Prieto, R., additional, Kemp, D. W., additional, Kenkel, C. D., additional, Kline, D. I., additional, Kuffner, I. B., additional, Matthews, J. L., additional, Mayfield, A. B., additional, Padilla‐Gamiño, J. L., additional, Palumbi, S., additional, Voolstra, C. R., additional, Weis, V. M., additional, and Wu, H. C., additional

Published
2021
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13. In situ observation of the percolation threshold in multiphase magma analogues

Author

Colombier, M., Wadsworth, F. B., Scheu, B., Vasseur, J., Dobson, K. J., Cáceres, F., Allabar, A., Marone, F., Schlepütz, C. M., Dingwell, D. B., Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany, Centre for Advanced Study, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, and Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bubble, Crystal-rich magma, Effusive-explosive transition, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Viscosity, Geochemistry and Petrology, Percolation threshold, ddc:550.724, Magma viscosity, Porosity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Coalescence (physics), Pore connectivity, Outgassing, Hysteresis, Strombolian/Vulcanian eruptions, Gas overpressure, Strombolian eruption, Dome-forming eruptions, Overpressure, Chemical physics, TA170, Geology, Research Article
Abstract

Magmas vesiculate during ascent, producing complex interconnected pore networks, which can act as outgassing pathways and then deflate or compact to volcanic plugs. Similarly, in-conduit fragmentation events during dome-forming eruptions create open systems transiently, before welding causes pore sealing. The percolation threshold is the first-order transition between closed- and open-system degassing dynamics. Here, we use time-resolved, synchrotron-source X-ray tomography to image synthetic magmas that go through cycles of opening and closing, to constrain the percolation threshold ΦC at a range of melt crystallinity, viscosity and overpressure pertinent to shallow magma ascent. During vesiculation, we observed different percolative regimes for the same initial bulk crystallinity depending on melt viscosity and gas overpressure. At high viscosity (> 106 Pa s) and high overpressure (~ 1–4 MPa), we found that a brittle-viscous regime dominates in which brittle rupture allows system-spanning coalescence at a low percolation threshold (ΦC~0.17) via the formation of fracture-like bubble chains. Percolation was followed by outgassing and bubble collapse causing densification and isolation of the bubble network, resulting in a hysteresis in the evolution of connectivity with porosity. At low melt viscosity and overpressure, we observed a viscous regime with much higher percolation threshold (ΦC > 0.37) due to spherical bubble growth and lower degree of crystal connection. Finally, our results also show that sintering of crystal-free and crystal-bearing magma analogues is characterised by low percolation thresholds (ΦC = 0.04 – 0.10). We conclude that the presence of crystals lowers the percolation threshold during vesiculation and may promote outgassing in shallow, crystal-rich magma at initial stages of Vulcanian and Strombolian eruptions., Paul Scherrer Institut http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004219, European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781, NERC, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Published
2020
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14. Integration of the Duke Activity Status Index into preoperative risk evaluation: a multicentre prospective cohort study

Author

Wijeysundera, DN, Beattie, WS, Hillis, GS, Abbott, TEF, Shulman, MA, Ackland, GL, Mazer, CD, Myles, PS, Pearse, RM, Cuthbertson, BH, Measurement of Exercise Tolerance before Surgery Study Investiga, Wallace, S, Farrington, C, Thompson, B, Ellis, M, Borg, B, Kerridge, RK, Douglas, J, Brannan, J, Pretto, J, Godsall, MG, Beauchamp, N, Allen, S, Kennedy, A, Wright, E, Malherbe, J, Ismail, H, Riedel, B, Melville, A, Sivakumar, H, Murmane, A, Kenchington, K, Kirabiyik, Y, Gurunathan, U, Stonell, C, Brunello, K, Steele, K, Tronstad, O, Masel, P, Dent, A, Smith, E, Bodger, A, Abolfathi, M, Sivalingam, P, Hall, A, Painter, TW, Macklin, S, Elliott, A, Carrera, AM, Terblanche, NCS, Pitt, S, Samuels, J, Wilde, C, Leslie, K, MacCormick, A, Bramley, D, Southcott, AM, Grant, J, Taylor, H, Bates, S, Towns, M, Tippett, A, Marshall, F, Kunasingam, J, Yagnik, A, Crescini, C, Yagnik, S, McCartney, CJL, Choi, S, Somascanthan, P, Flores, K, Karkouti, K, Clarke, HA, Jerath, A, McCluskey, SA, Wasowicz, M, Granton, JT, Day, L, Pazmino-Canizares, J, Oh, P, Belliard, R, Lee, L, Dobson, K, Chan, V, Brull, R, Ami, N, Stanbrook, M, Hagen, K, Campbell, D, Short, T, Van Der Westhuizen, J, Higgie, K, Lindsay, H, Jang, R, Wong, C, Mcallister, D, Ali, M, Kumar, J, Waymouth, E, Kim, C, Dimech, J, Lorimer, M, Tai, J, Miller, R, Sara, R, Collingwood, A, Olliff, S, Gabriel, S, Houston, H, Dalley, P, Hurford, S, Hunt, A, Andrews, L, Navarra, L, Jason-Smith, A, Thompson, H, McMillan, N, Back, G, Croal, BL, Lum, M, Martin, D, James, S, Filipe, H, Pinto, M, Kynaston, S, Phull, M, Beilstein, C, Bodger, P, Everingham, K, Hu, Y, Niebrzegowska, E, Corriea, C, Creary, T, Januszewska, M, Ahmad, T, Whalley, J, Haslop, R, McNeil, J, Brown, A, MacDonald, N, Pakats, M, Greaves, K, Jhanji, S, Raobaikady, R, Black, E, Rooms, M, Lawrence, H, Koutra, M, Pirie, K, Gertsman, M, Jack, S, Celinski, M, Levett, D, Edwards, M, Salmon, K, Bolger, C, Loughney, L, Seaward, L, Collins, H, Tyrell, B, Tantony, N, Golder, K, Stephens, RCM, Gallego-Paredes, L, Reyes, A, Gutierrez Del Arroyo, A, Raj, A, Lifford, R, International and National Coordinators, Central Project Office Operations Committee, CPET Methods Committee, Outcome Adjudication Committee, and International Steering Committee

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) questionnaire might help incorporate self-reported functional capacity into preoperative risk assessment. Nonetheless, prognostically important thresholds in DASI scores remain unclear. We conducted a nested cohort analysis of the Measurement of Exercise Tolerance before Surgery (METS) study to characterise the association of preoperative DASI scores with postoperative death or complications. METHODS: The analysis included 1546 participants (≥40 yr of age) at an elevated cardiac risk who had inpatient noncardiac surgery. The primary outcome was 30-day death or myocardial injury. The secondary outcomes were 30-day death or myocardial infarction, in-hospital moderate-to-severe complications, and 1 yr death or new disability. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to characterise the adjusted association of preoperative DASI scores with outcomes. RESULTS: The DASI score had non-linear associations with outcomes. Self-reported functional capacity better than a DASI score of 34 was associated with reduced odds of 30-day death or myocardial injury (odds ratio: 0.97 per 1 point increase above 34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96-0.99) and 1 yr death or new disability (odds ratio: 0.96 per 1 point increase above 34; 95% CI: 0.92-0.99). Self-reported functional capacity worse than a DASI score of 34 was associated with increased odds of 30-day death or myocardial infarction (odds ratio: 1.05 per 1 point decrease below 34; 95% CI: 1.00-1.09), and moderate-to-severe complications (odds ratio: 1.03 per 1 point decrease below 34; 95% CI: 1.01-1.05). CONCLUSIONS: A DASI score of 34 represents a threshold for identifying patients at risk for myocardial injury, myocardial infarction, moderate-to-severe complications, and new disability.

Published
2020

15. A simplified (modified) Duke Activity Status Index (M-DASI) to characterise functional capacity: A secondary analysis of the Measurement of Exercise Tolerance before Surgery (METS) study

Author

Riedel, B., Li, M.H-G, Lee, C.H.A., Ismail, H., Cuthbertson, B.H., Wijeysundera, D.N., Ho, K.M., Wallace, S., Thompson, B., Ellis, M., Borg, B., Kerridge, R.K., Douglas, J., Brannan, J., Pretto, J., Godsall, M.G., Beauchamp, N., Allen, S., Kennedy, A., Wright, E., Malherbe, J., Melville, A., Sivakumar, H., Murmane, A., Kenchington, K., Kirabiyik, Y., Gurunathan, U., Stonell, C., Brunello, K., Steele, K., Tronstad, O., Masel, P., Dent, A., Smith, E., Bodger, A., Abolfathi, M., Sivalingam, P., Hall, A., Painter, T.W., Macklin, S., Elliott, A., Carrera, A.M., Terblanche, N.C.S., Pitt, S., Samuels, J., Wilde, C., Leslie, K., MacCormick, A., Bramley, D., Southcott, A.M., Grant, J., Taylor, H., Bates, S., Towns, M., Tippett, A., Marshall, F., Mazer, C.D., Kunasingam, J., Yagnik, A., Crescini, C., Yagnik, S., McCartney, C.J.L., Choi, S., Somascanthan, P., Flores, K., Au, S., Beattie, W.S., Karkouti, K., Clarke, H.A., Jerath, A., McCluskey, S.A., Wasowicz, M., Day, L., Pazmino-Canizares, J., Oh, P., Belliard, R., Lee, L., Dobson, K., Chan, V., Brull, R., Ami, N., Stanbrook, M., Hagen, K., Campbell, D., Short, T., Van Der Westhuizen, J., Higgie, J.K., Lindsay, H., Jang, R., Wong, C., Mcallister, D., Ali, M., Kumar, J., Waymouth, E., Kim, C., Dimech, J., Lorimer, M., Tai, J., Miller, R., Sara, R., Collingwood, A., Olliff, S., Gabriel, S., Houston, H., Dalley, P., Hurford, S., Hunt, A., Andrews, L., Navarra, L., Jason-Smith, A., Thompson, H., McMillan, N., Back, G., Lum, M., Martin, D., S James, S., Filipe, H., Pinto, M., Kynaston, S., Phull, M., Beilstein, C., Bodger, P., Everingham, K., Hu, Y., Niebrzegowska, E., Corriea, C., Creary, T., Januszewska, M., Ahmad, T., Whalley, J., Haslop, R., McNeil, J., Brown, A., MacDonald, N., Pakats, M., Greaves, K., Jhanji, S., Raobaikady, R., Black, E., Rooms, M., Lawrence, H., Koutra, M., Pirie, K., Gertsman, M., Jack, S., Celinski, M., Levett, D., Edwards, M., Salmon, K., Bolger, C., Loughney, L., Seaward, L., Collins, H., Tyrell, B., Tantony, N., Golder, K., Ackland, G.L., Stephens, R.C.M., Gallego-Paredes, L., Reyes, A., Gutierrez del Arroyo, A., Raj, A., Lifford, R., Melo, M., Mamdani, M., Hillis, G., Wijeysundera, H.C., Riedel, B., Li, M.H-G, Lee, C.H.A., Ismail, H., Cuthbertson, B.H., Wijeysundera, D.N., Ho, K.M., Wallace, S., Thompson, B., Ellis, M., Borg, B., Kerridge, R.K., Douglas, J., Brannan, J., Pretto, J., Godsall, M.G., Beauchamp, N., Allen, S., Kennedy, A., Wright, E., Malherbe, J., Melville, A., Sivakumar, H., Murmane, A., Kenchington, K., Kirabiyik, Y., Gurunathan, U., Stonell, C., Brunello, K., Steele, K., Tronstad, O., Masel, P., Dent, A., Smith, E., Bodger, A., Abolfathi, M., Sivalingam, P., Hall, A., Painter, T.W., Macklin, S., Elliott, A., Carrera, A.M., Terblanche, N.C.S., Pitt, S., Samuels, J., Wilde, C., Leslie, K., MacCormick, A., Bramley, D., Southcott, A.M., Grant, J., Taylor, H., Bates, S., Towns, M., Tippett, A., Marshall, F., Mazer, C.D., Kunasingam, J., Yagnik, A., Crescini, C., Yagnik, S., McCartney, C.J.L., Choi, S., Somascanthan, P., Flores, K., Au, S., Beattie, W.S., Karkouti, K., Clarke, H.A., Jerath, A., McCluskey, S.A., Wasowicz, M., Day, L., Pazmino-Canizares, J., Oh, P., Belliard, R., Lee, L., Dobson, K., Chan, V., Brull, R., Ami, N., Stanbrook, M., Hagen, K., Campbell, D., Short, T., Van Der Westhuizen, J., Higgie, J.K., Lindsay, H., Jang, R., Wong, C., Mcallister, D., Ali, M., Kumar, J., Waymouth, E., Kim, C., Dimech, J., Lorimer, M., Tai, J., Miller, R., Sara, R., Collingwood, A., Olliff, S., Gabriel, S., Houston, H., Dalley, P., Hurford, S., Hunt, A., Andrews, L., Navarra, L., Jason-Smith, A., Thompson, H., McMillan, N., Back, G., Lum, M., Martin, D., S James, S., Filipe, H., Pinto, M., Kynaston, S., Phull, M., Beilstein, C., Bodger, P., Everingham, K., Hu, Y., Niebrzegowska, E., Corriea, C., Creary, T., Januszewska, M., Ahmad, T., Whalley, J., Haslop, R., McNeil, J., Brown, A., MacDonald, N., Pakats, M., Greaves, K., Jhanji, S., Raobaikady, R., Black, E., Rooms, M., Lawrence, H., Koutra, M., Pirie, K., Gertsman, M., Jack, S., Celinski, M., Levett, D., Edwards, M., Salmon, K., Bolger, C., Loughney, L., Seaward, L., Collins, H., Tyrell, B., Tantony, N., Golder, K., Ackland, G.L., Stephens, R.C.M., Gallego-Paredes, L., Reyes, A., Gutierrez del Arroyo, A., Raj, A., Lifford, R., Melo, M., Mamdani, M., Hillis, G., and Wijeysundera, H.C.

Abstract

Background Accurate assessment of functional capacity, a predictor of postoperative morbidity and mortality, is essential to improving surgical planning and outcomes. We assessed if all 12 items of the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) were equally important in reflecting exercise capacity. Methods In this secondary cross-sectional analysis of the international, multicentre Measurement of Exercise Tolerance before Surgery (METS) study, we assessed cardiopulmonary exercise testing and DASI data from 1455 participants. Multivariable regression analyses were used to revise the DASI model in predicting an anaerobic threshold (AT) >11 ml kg −1 min −1 and peak oxygen consumption (VO 2 peak) >16 ml kg −1 min −1, cut-points that represent a reduced risk of postoperative complications. Results Five questions were identified to have dominance in predicting AT>11 ml kg −1 min −1 and VO 2 peak>16 ml.kg −1min −1. These items were included in the M-DASI-5Q and retained utility in predicting AT>11 ml.kg −1.min −1 (area under the receiver-operating-characteristic [AUROC]-AT: M-DASI-5Q=0.67 vs original 12-question DASI=0.66) and VO 2 peak (AUROC-VO2 peak: M-DASI-5Q 0.73 vs original 12-question DASI 0.71). Conversely, in a sensitivity analysis we removed one potentially sensitive question related to the ability to have sexual relations, and the ability of the remaining four questions (M-DASI-4Q) to predict an adequate functional threshold remained no worse than the original 12-question DASI model. Adding a dynamic component to the M-DASI-4Q by assessing the chronotropic response to exercise improved its ability to discriminate between those with VO 2 peak>16 ml.kg −1.min −1 and VO 2 peak<16 ml.kg −1.min −1. Conclusions The M-DASI provides a simple screening tool for further preoperative evaluation, including with cardiopulmonary exercise testing, to guide perioperative management.

Published
2020

16. Increasing comparability among coral bleaching experiments.

Author

Grottoli AG, Toonen RJ, van Woesik R, Vega Thurber R, Warner ME, McLachlan RH, Price JT, Bahr KD, Baums IB, Castillo K, Coffroth MA, Cunning R, Dobson K, Donahue M, Hench JL, Iglesias-Prieto R, Kemp DW, Kenkel CD, Kline DI, Kuffner IB, Matthews JL, Mayfield A, Padilla-Gamino J, Palumbi S, Voolstra CR, Weis VM, Wu HC, Grottoli AG, Toonen RJ, van Woesik R, Vega Thurber R, Warner ME, McLachlan RH, Price JT, Bahr KD, Baums IB, Castillo K, Coffroth MA, Cunning R, Dobson K, Donahue M, Hench JL, Iglesias-Prieto R, Kemp DW, Kenkel CD, Kline DI, Kuffner IB, Matthews JL, Mayfield A, Padilla-Gamino J, Palumbi S, Voolstra CR, Weis VM, and Wu HC

Abstract

Coral bleaching is the single largest global threat to coral reefs worldwide. Integrating the diverse body of work on coral bleaching is critical to understanding and combating this global problem. Yet investigating the drivers, patterns, and processes of coral bleaching poses a major challenge. A recent review of published experiments revealed a wide range of experimental variables used across studies. Such a wide range of approaches enhances discovery, but without full transparency in the experimental and analytical methods used, can also make comparisons among studies challenging. To increase comparability but not stifle innovation, we propose a common framework for coral bleaching experiments that includes consideration of coral provenance, experimental conditions, and husbandry. For example, reporting the number of genets used, collection site conditions, the experimental temperature offset(s) from the maximum monthly mean (MMM) of the collection site, experimental light conditions, flow, and the feeding regime will greatly facilitate comparability across studies. Similarly, quantifying common response variables of endosymbiont (Symbiodiniaceae) and holobiont phenotypes (i.e., color, chlorophyll, endosymbiont cell density, mortality, and skeletal growth) could further facilitate cross-study comparisons. While no single bleaching experiment can provide the data necessary to determine global coral responses of all corals to current and future ocean warming, linking studies through a common framework as outlined here, would help increase comparability among experiments, facilitate synthetic insights into the causes and underlying mechanisms of coral bleaching, and reveal unique bleaching responses among genets, species, and regions. Such a collaborative framework that fosters transparency in methods used would strengthen comparisons among studies that can help inform coral reef management and facilitate conservation strategies to mitigate coral bleaching worldwide

Published
2020

17. A simplified (modified) Duke Activity Status Index (M-DASI) to characterise functional capacity: a secondary analysis of the Measurement of Exercise Tolerance before Surgery (METS) study

Author

Riedel, Bernhard, primary, Li, Michael H-G., additional, Lee, C.H. Angus, additional, Ismail, Hilmy, additional, Cuthbertson, Brian H., additional, Wijeysundera, Duminda N., additional, Ho, Kwok M., additional, Wallace, S., additional, Thompson, B., additional, Ellis, M., additional, Borg, B., additional, Kerridge, R.K., additional, Douglas, J., additional, Brannan, J., additional, Pretto, J., additional, Godsall, M.G., additional, Beauchamp, N., additional, Allen, S., additional, Kennedy, A., additional, Wright, E., additional, Malherbe, J., additional, Ismail, H., additional, Riedel, B., additional, Melville, A., additional, Sivakumar, H., additional, Murmane, A., additional, Kenchington, K., additional, Kirabiyik, Y., additional, Gurunathan, U., additional, Stonell, C., additional, Brunello, K., additional, Steele, K., additional, Tronstad, O., additional, Masel, P., additional, Dent, A., additional, Smith, E., additional, Bodger, A., additional, Abolfathi, M., additional, Sivalingam, P., additional, Hall, A., additional, Painter, T.W., additional, Macklin, S., additional, Elliott, A., additional, Carrera, A.M., additional, Terblanche, N.C.S., additional, Pitt, S., additional, Samuels, J., additional, Wilde, C., additional, Leslie, K., additional, MacCormick, A., additional, Bramley, D., additional, Southcott, A.M., additional, Grant, J., additional, Taylor, H., additional, Bates, S., additional, Towns, M., additional, Tippett, A., additional, Marshall, F., additional, Mazer, C.D., additional, Kunasingam, J., additional, Yagnik, A., additional, Crescini, C., additional, Yagnik, S., additional, McCartney, C.J.L., additional, Choi, S., additional, Somascanthan, P., additional, Flores, K., additional, Au, S., additional, Beattie, W.S., additional, Karkouti, K., additional, Clarke, H.A., additional, Jerath, A., additional, McCluskey, S.A., additional, Wasowicz, M., additional, Day, L., additional, Pazmino-Canizares, J., additional, Oh, P., additional, Belliard, R., additional, Lee, L., additional, Dobson, K., additional, Chan, V., additional, Brull, R., additional, Ami, N., additional, Stanbrook, M., additional, Hagen, K., additional, Campbell, D., additional, Short, T., additional, Van Der Westhuizen, J., additional, Higgie, J.K., additional, Lindsay, H., additional, Jang, R., additional, Wong, C., additional, Mcallister, D., additional, Ali, M., additional, Kumar, J., additional, Waymouth, E., additional, Kim, C., additional, Dimech, J., additional, Lorimer, M., additional, Tai, J., additional, Miller, R., additional, Sara, R., additional, Collingwood, A., additional, Olliff, S., additional, Gabriel, S., additional, Houston, H., additional, Dalley, P., additional, Hurford, S., additional, Hunt, A., additional, Andrews, L., additional, Navarra, L., additional, Jason-Smith, A., additional, Thompson, H., additional, McMillan, N., additional, Back, G., additional, Lum, M., additional, Martin, D., additional, S James, S., additional, Filipe, H., additional, Pinto, M., additional, Kynaston, S., additional, Phull, M., additional, Beilstein, C., additional, Bodger, P., additional, Everingham, K., additional, Hu, Y., additional, Niebrzegowska, E., additional, Corriea, C., additional, Creary, T., additional, Januszewska, M., additional, Ahmad, T., additional, Whalley, J., additional, Haslop, R., additional, McNeil, J., additional, Brown, A., additional, MacDonald, N., additional, Pakats, M., additional, Greaves, K., additional, Jhanji, S., additional, Raobaikady, R., additional, Black, E., additional, Rooms, M., additional, Lawrence, H., additional, Koutra, M., additional, Pirie, K., additional, Gertsman, M., additional, Jack, S., additional, Celinski, M., additional, Levett, D., additional, Edwards, M., additional, Salmon, K., additional, Bolger, C., additional, Loughney, L., additional, Seaward, L., additional, Collins, H., additional, Tyrell, B., additional, Tantony, N., additional, Golder, K., additional, Ackland, G.L., additional, Stephens, R.C.M., additional, Gallego-Paredes, L., additional, Reyes, A., additional, Gutierrez del Arroyo, A., additional, Raj, A., additional, R Lifford, R., additional, Melo, M., additional, Mamdani, M., additional, Hillis, G., additional, and Wijeysundera, H.C., additional

Published
2021
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19. Integration of the Duke Activity Status Index into preoperative risk evaluation: a multicentre prospective cohort study

Author

Wijeysundera, Duminda N., primary, Beattie, W. Scott, additional, Hillis, Graham S., additional, Abbott, Tom E.F., additional, Shulman, Mark A., additional, Ackland, Gareth L., additional, Mazer, C. David, additional, Myles, Paul S., additional, Pearse, Rupert M., additional, Cuthbertson, Brian H., additional, Myles, P.S., additional, Shulman, M.A., additional, Wallace, S., additional, Farrington, C., additional, Thompson, B., additional, Ellis, M., additional, Borg, B., additional, Kerridge, R.K., additional, Douglas, J., additional, Brannan, J., additional, Pretto, J., additional, Godsall, M.G., additional, Beauchamp, N., additional, Allen, S., additional, Kennedy, A., additional, Wright, E., additional, Malherbe, J., additional, Ismail, H., additional, Riedel, B., additional, Melville, A., additional, Sivakumar, H., additional, Murmane, A., additional, Kenchington, K., additional, Kirabiyik, Y., additional, Gurunathan, U., additional, Stonell, C., additional, Brunello, K., additional, Steele, K., additional, Tronstad, O., additional, Masel, P., additional, Dent, A., additional, Smith, E., additional, Bodger, A., additional, Abolfathi, M., additional, Sivalingam, P., additional, Hall, A., additional, Painter, T.W., additional, Macklin, S., additional, Elliott, A., additional, Carrera, A.M., additional, Terblanche, N.C.S., additional, Pitt, S., additional, Samuels, J., additional, Wilde, C., additional, Leslie, K., additional, MacCormick, A., additional, Bramley, D., additional, Southcott, A.M., additional, Grant, J., additional, Taylor, H., additional, Bates, S., additional, Towns, M., additional, Tippett, A., additional, Marshall, F., additional, Mazer, C.D., additional, Kunasingam, J., additional, Yagnik, A., additional, Crescini, C., additional, Yagnik, S., additional, McCartney, C.J.L., additional, Choi, S., additional, Somascanthan, P., additional, Flores, K., additional, Wijeysundera, D.N., additional, Beattie, W.S., additional, Karkouti, K., additional, Clarke, H.A., additional, Jerath, A., additional, McCluskey, S.A., additional, Wasowicz, M., additional, Granton, J.T., additional, Day, L., additional, Pazmino-Canizares, J., additional, Oh, P., additional, Belliard, R., additional, Lee, L., additional, Dobson, K., additional, Chan, V., additional, Brull, R., additional, Ami, N., additional, Stanbrook, M., additional, Hagen, K., additional, Campbell, D., additional, Short, T., additional, Van Der Westhuizen, J., additional, Higgie, K., additional, Lindsay, H., additional, Jang, R., additional, Wong, C., additional, Mcallister, D., additional, Ali, M., additional, Kumar, J., additional, Waymouth, E., additional, Kim, C., additional, Dimech, J., additional, Lorimer, M., additional, Tai, J., additional, Miller, R., additional, Sara, R., additional, Collingwood, A., additional, Olliff, S., additional, Gabriel, S., additional, Houston, H., additional, Dalley, P., additional, Hurford, S., additional, Hunt, A., additional, Andrews, L., additional, Navarra, L., additional, Jason-Smith, A., additional, Thompson, H., additional, McMillan, N., additional, Back, G., additional, Croal, B.L., additional, Lum, M., additional, Martin, D., additional, James, S., additional, Filipe, H., additional, Pinto, M., additional, Kynaston, S., additional, Pearse, R.M., additional, Abbott, T.E.F., additional, Phull, M., additional, Beilstein, C., additional, Bodger, P., additional, Everingham, K., additional, Hu, Y., additional, Niebrzegowska, E., additional, Corriea, C., additional, Creary, T., additional, Januszewska, M., additional, Ahmad, T., additional, Whalley, J., additional, Haslop, R., additional, McNeil, J., additional, Brown, A., additional, MacDonald, N., additional, Pakats, M., additional, Greaves, K., additional, Jhanji, S., additional, Raobaikady, R., additional, Black, E., additional, Rooms, M., additional, Lawrence, H., additional, Koutra, M., additional, Pirie, K., additional, Gertsman, M., additional, Jack, S., additional, Celinski, M., additional, Levett, D., additional, Edwards, M., additional, Salmon, K., additional, Bolger, C., additional, Loughney, L., additional, Seaward, L., additional, Collins, H., additional, Tyrell, B., additional, Tantony, N., additional, Golder, K., additional, Ackland, G.L., additional, Stephens, R.C.M., additional, Gallego-Paredes, L., additional, Reyes, A., additional, Gutierrez del Arroyo, A., additional, Raj, A., additional, Lifford, R., additional, Cuthbertson, B.H., additional, Torres, E., additional, Ambosta, A., additional, Melo, M., additional, Mamdani, M., additional, Thorpe, K.E., additional, Grocott, M.P.W., additional, Hillis, G., additional, and Wijeysundera, H.C., additional

Published
2020
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20. Vesicle shrinkage in hydrous phonolitic melt during cooling

Author

Allabar, A., Dobson, K. J., Bauer, C. C., Nowak, M., Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, and Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK

Subjects
Coalescence (physics), Original Paper, Buoyancy, Vesicle shrinkage, Decompression, Vesicle, Thermodynamics, ddc:550.78, engineering.material, Fictive temperature, H2O resorption, Geophysics, TA, Geochemistry and Petrology, engineering, Decompression experiments, Vesiculation, Quench effect, Glass transition, Porosity, Ejecta, Geology, Shrinkage
Abstract

The ascent of hydrous magma prior to volcanic eruptions is largely driven by the formation of H2O vesicles and their subsequent growth upon further decompression. Porosity controls buoyancy as well as vesicle coalescence and percolation, and is important when identifying the differences between equilibrium or disequilibrium degassing from textural analysis of eruptive products. Decompression experiments are routinely used to simulate magma ascent. Samples exposed to high temperature (T) and pressure (P) are decompressed and rapidly cooled to ambient T for analysis. During cooling, fluid vesicles may shrink due to decrease of the molar volume of H2O and by resorption of H2O back into the melt driven by solubility increase with decreasing T at P, German Science Foundation

Published
2019

21. Heart rate recovery and morbidity after noncardiac surgery: Planned secondary analysis of two prospective, multi-centre, blinded observational studies

Author

Bianchi, C, Ackland, GL, Abbott, TEF, Minto, G, Clark, M, Owen, T, Prabhu, P, May, SM, Reynolds, JA, Cuthbertson, BH, Wijesundera, D, Pearse, RM, Myles, PS, Shulman, MA, Wallace, S, Farrington, C, Thompson, B, Ellis, M, Borg, B, Kerridge, RK, Douglas, J, Brannan, J, Pretto, J, Godsall, MG, Beauchamp, N, Allen, S, Kennedy, A, Wright, E, Malherbe, J, Ismail, H, Riedel, B, Melville, A, Sivakumar, H, Murmane, A, Kenchington, K, Kirabiyik, Y, Gurunathan, U, Stonell, C, Brunello, K, Steele, K, Tronstad, O, Masel, P, Dent, A, Smith, E, Bodger, A, Abolfathi, M, Sivalingam, P, Hall, A, Painter, TW, Macklin, S, Elliott, A, Carrera, AM, Terblanche, NCS, Pitt, S, Samuels, J, Wilde, C, Leslie, K, MacCormick, A, Bramley, D, Southcott, AM, Grant, J, Taylor, H, Bates, S, Towns, M, Tippett, A, Marshall, F, Mazer, CD, Kunasingam, J, Yagnik, A, Crescini, C, Yagnik, S, McCartney, CJL, Choi, S, Somascanthan, P, Flores, K, Wijeysundera, DN, Beattie, WS, Karkouti, K, Clarke, HA, Jerath, A, McCluskey, SA, Wasowicz, M, Granton, JT, Day, L, Pazmino-Canizares, J, Oh, P, Belliard, R, Lee, L, Dobson, K, Chan, V, Brull, R, Ami, N, Stanbrook, M, Hagen, K, Campbell, D, Short, T, Van Der Westhuizen, J, Higgie, K, Lindsay, H, Jang, R, Wong, C, Mcallister, D, Ali, M, Kumar, J, Waymouth, E, Kim, C, Dimech, J, Lorimer, M, Tai, J, Miller, R, Sara, R, Collingwood, A, Olliff, S, Gabriel, S, Houston, H, Dalley, P, Hurford, S, Hunt, A, Andrews, L, Navarra, L, Jason-Smith, A, Thompson, H, McMillan, N, Back, G, Croal, BL, Lum, M, Martin, D, James, S, Filipe, H, Pinto, M, Kynaston, S, Phull, M, Beilstein, C, Bodger, P, Everingham, K, Hu, Y, Niebrzegowska, E, Corriea, C, Creary, T, Januszewska, M, Ahmad, T, Whalley, J, Haslop, R, McNeil, J, Brown, A, MacDonald, N, Pakats, M, Greaves, K, Jhanji, S, Raobaikady, R, Black, E, Rooms, M, Lawrence, H, Koutra, M, Pirie, K, Gertsman, M, Jack, S, Celinski, M, Levett, D, Edwards, M, Salmon, K, Bolger, C, Loughney, L, Seaward, L, Collins, H, Tyrell, B, Tantony, N, Golder, K, Stephens, RCM, Gallego-Paredes, L, Reyes, A, del Arroyo, AG, Raj, A, Lifford, R, King, A, Pollak, C, Williams, C, Patrick, A, West, C, Vickers, E, Green, R, Jones, A, Otto, J, Lach, A, Whittle, J, Paredes, LG, Toner, A, Williams, A, Pradhu, P, Hull, D, Montague, L, Bianchi, C, Ackland, GL, Abbott, TEF, Minto, G, Clark, M, Owen, T, Prabhu, P, May, SM, Reynolds, JA, Cuthbertson, BH, Wijesundera, D, Pearse, RM, Myles, PS, Shulman, MA, Wallace, S, Farrington, C, Thompson, B, Ellis, M, Borg, B, Kerridge, RK, Douglas, J, Brannan, J, Pretto, J, Godsall, MG, Beauchamp, N, Allen, S, Kennedy, A, Wright, E, Malherbe, J, Ismail, H, Riedel, B, Melville, A, Sivakumar, H, Murmane, A, Kenchington, K, Kirabiyik, Y, Gurunathan, U, Stonell, C, Brunello, K, Steele, K, Tronstad, O, Masel, P, Dent, A, Smith, E, Bodger, A, Abolfathi, M, Sivalingam, P, Hall, A, Painter, TW, Macklin, S, Elliott, A, Carrera, AM, Terblanche, NCS, Pitt, S, Samuels, J, Wilde, C, Leslie, K, MacCormick, A, Bramley, D, Southcott, AM, Grant, J, Taylor, H, Bates, S, Towns, M, Tippett, A, Marshall, F, Mazer, CD, Kunasingam, J, Yagnik, A, Crescini, C, Yagnik, S, McCartney, CJL, Choi, S, Somascanthan, P, Flores, K, Wijeysundera, DN, Beattie, WS, Karkouti, K, Clarke, HA, Jerath, A, McCluskey, SA, Wasowicz, M, Granton, JT, Day, L, Pazmino-Canizares, J, Oh, P, Belliard, R, Lee, L, Dobson, K, Chan, V, Brull, R, Ami, N, Stanbrook, M, Hagen, K, Campbell, D, Short, T, Van Der Westhuizen, J, Higgie, K, Lindsay, H, Jang, R, Wong, C, Mcallister, D, Ali, M, Kumar, J, Waymouth, E, Kim, C, Dimech, J, Lorimer, M, Tai, J, Miller, R, Sara, R, Collingwood, A, Olliff, S, Gabriel, S, Houston, H, Dalley, P, Hurford, S, Hunt, A, Andrews, L, Navarra, L, Jason-Smith, A, Thompson, H, McMillan, N, Back, G, Croal, BL, Lum, M, Martin, D, James, S, Filipe, H, Pinto, M, Kynaston, S, Phull, M, Beilstein, C, Bodger, P, Everingham, K, Hu, Y, Niebrzegowska, E, Corriea, C, Creary, T, Januszewska, M, Ahmad, T, Whalley, J, Haslop, R, McNeil, J, Brown, A, MacDonald, N, Pakats, M, Greaves, K, Jhanji, S, Raobaikady, R, Black, E, Rooms, M, Lawrence, H, Koutra, M, Pirie, K, Gertsman, M, Jack, S, Celinski, M, Levett, D, Edwards, M, Salmon, K, Bolger, C, Loughney, L, Seaward, L, Collins, H, Tyrell, B, Tantony, N, Golder, K, Stephens, RCM, Gallego-Paredes, L, Reyes, A, del Arroyo, AG, Raj, A, Lifford, R, King, A, Pollak, C, Williams, C, Patrick, A, West, C, Vickers, E, Green, R, Jones, A, Otto, J, Lach, A, Whittle, J, Paredes, LG, Toner, A, Williams, A, Pradhu, P, Hull, D, and Montague, L

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Impaired cardiac vagal function, quantified preoperatively as slower heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise, is independently associated with perioperative myocardial injury. Parasympathetic (vagal) dysfunction may also promote (extra-cardiac) multi-organ dysfunction, although perioperative data are lacking. Assuming that cardiac vagal activity, and therefore heart rate recovery response, is a marker of brainstem parasympathetic dysfunction, we hypothesized that impaired HRR would be associated with a higher incidence of morbidity after noncardiac surgery. METHODS: In two prospective, blinded, observational cohort studies, we established the definition of impaired vagal function in terms of the HRR threshold that is associated with perioperative myocardial injury (HRR ≤ 12 beats min-1 (bpm), 60 seconds after cessation of cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The primary outcome of this secondary analysis was all-cause morbidity three and five days after surgery, defined using the Post-Operative Morbidity Survey. Secondary outcomes of this analysis were type of morbidity and time to become morbidity-free. Logistic regression and Cox regression tested for the association between HRR and morbidity. Results are presented as odds/hazard ratios [OR or HR; (95% confidence intervals). RESULTS: 882/1941 (45.4%) patients had HRR≤12bpm. All-cause morbidity within 5 days of surgery was more common in 585/822 (71.2%) patients with HRR≤12bpm, compared to 718/1119 (64.2%) patients with HRR>12bpm (OR:1.38 (1.14-1.67); p = 0.001). HRR≤12bpm was associated with more frequent episodes of pulmonary (OR:1.31 (1.05-1.62);p = 0.02)), infective (OR:1.38 (1.10-1.72); p = 0.006), renal (OR:1.91 (1.30-2.79); p = 0.02)), cardiovascular (OR:1.39 (1.15-1.69); p<0.001)), neurological (OR:1.73 (1.11-2.70); p = 0.02)) and pain morbidity (OR:1.38 (1.14-1.68); p = 0.001) within 5 days of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Multi-organ dysfunction is more common in surgical patients with cardiac vagal dys

Published
2019

23. Association of preoperative anaemia with cardiopulmonary exercise capacity and postoperative outcomes in noncardiac surgery: a substudy of the Measurement of Exercise Tolerance before Surgery (METS) Study

Author

Bartoszko, J., primary, Thorpe, K.E., additional, Laupacis, A., additional, Wijeysundera, D.N., additional, Myles, P.S., additional, Shulman, M.A., additional, Wallace, S., additional, Farrington, C., additional, Thompson, B., additional, Ellis, M., additional, Borg, B., additional, Kerridge, R.K., additional, Douglas, J., additional, Brannan, J., additional, Pretto, J., additional, Godsall, M.G., additional, Beauchamp, N., additional, Allen, S., additional, Kennedy, A., additional, Wright, E., additional, Malherbe, J., additional, Ismail, H., additional, Riedel, B., additional, Melville, A., additional, Sivakumar, H., additional, Murmane, A., additional, Kenchington, K., additional, Kirabiyik, Y., additional, Gurunathan, U., additional, Stonell, C., additional, Brunello, K., additional, Steele, K., additional, Tronstad, O., additional, Masel, P., additional, Dent, A., additional, Smith, E., additional, Bodger, A., additional, Abolfathi, M., additional, Sivalingam, P., additional, Hall, A., additional, Painter, T.W., additional, Macklin, S., additional, Elliott, A., additional, Carrera, A.M., additional, Terblanche, N.C.S., additional, Pitt, S., additional, Samuels, J., additional, Wilde, C., additional, Leslie, K., additional, MacCormick, A., additional, Bramley, D., additional, Southcott, A.M., additional, Grant, J., additional, Taylor, H., additional, Bates, S., additional, Towns, M., additional, Tippett, A., additional, Marshall, F., additional, Mazer, C.D., additional, Kunasingam, J., additional, Yagnik, A., additional, Crescini, C., additional, Yagnik, S., additional, McCartney, C.J.L., additional, Choi, S., additional, Somascanthan, P., additional, Flores, K., additional, Beattie, W.S., additional, Karkouti, K., additional, Clarke, H.A., additional, Jerath, A., additional, McCluskey, S.A., additional, Wasowicz, M., additional, Granton, J.T., additional, Day, L., additional, Pazmino-Canizares, J., additional, Oh, P., additional, Belliard, R., additional, Lee, L., additional, Dobson, K., additional, Chan, V., additional, Brull, R., additional, Ami, N., additional, Stanbrook, M., additional, Hagen, K., additional, Campbell, D., additional, Short, T., additional, Van Der Westhuizen, J., additional, Higgie, K., additional, Lindsay, H., additional, Jang, R., additional, Wong, C., additional, Mcallister, D., additional, Ali, M., additional, Kumar, J., additional, Waymouth, E., additional, Kim, C., additional, Dimech, J., additional, Lorimer, M., additional, Tai, J., additional, Miller, R., additional, Sara, R., additional, Collingwood, A., additional, Olliff, S., additional, Gabriel, S., additional, Houston, H., additional, Dalley, P., additional, Hurford, S., additional, Hunt, A., additional, Andrews, L., additional, Navarra, L., additional, Jason-Smith, A., additional, Thompson, H., additional, McMillan, N., additional, Back, G., additional, Croal, B.L., additional, Lum, M., additional, Martin, D., additional, James, S., additional, Filipe, H., additional, Pinto, M., additional, Kynaston, S., additional, Pearse, R.M., additional, Abbott, T.E.F., additional, Phull, M., additional, Beilstein, C., additional, Bodger, P., additional, Everingham, K., additional, Hu, Y., additional, Niebrzegowska, E., additional, Corriea, C., additional, Creary, T., additional, Januszewska, M., additional, Ahmad, T., additional, Whalley, J., additional, Haslop, R., additional, McNeil, J., additional, Brown, A., additional, MacDonald, N., additional, Pakats, M., additional, Greaves, K., additional, Jhanji, S., additional, Raobaikady, R., additional, Black, E., additional, Rooms, M., additional, Lawrence, H., additional, Koutra, M., additional, Pirie, K., additional, Gertsman, M., additional, Jack, S., additional, Celinski, M., additional, Levett, D., additional, Edwards, M., additional, Salmon, K., additional, Bolger, C., additional, Loughney, L., additional, Seaward, L., additional, Collins, H., additional, Tyrell, B., additional, Tantony, N., additional, Golder, K., additional, Ackland, G.L., additional, Gallego-Paredes, L., additional, Reyes, A., additional, Gutierrez del Arroyo, A., additional, Raj, A., additional, Lifford, R., additional, Cuthbertson, B.H., additional, Torres, E., additional, Ambosta, A., additional, Melo, M., additional, Mamdani, M., additional, Grocott, M.P.W., additional, Hillis, G., additional, and Wijeysundera, H.C., additional

Published
2019
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24. ‘Liking and sharing’ the stigmatization of poverty and social welfare: Representations of poverty and welfare through internet memes on social media

Author

Dobson, K. (Kathy), Knezevic, I. (Irena), Dobson, K. (Kathy), and Knezevic, I. (Irena)

Abstract

Internet memes play an important role in the reproduction, reinforcement and cir-culation of social stereotypes, including those about people who live in poverty. In this paper we investigate the relationship between Internet memes and stereotypes about poverty by examining a set of memes that make claims about one particular aspect of poverty in high-income countries – receipt of social assistance in the form of welfare cheques, medical cov-erage and food. We apply critical discourse analysis to a set of widely circulated poverty memes to identify how notions of individual responsibility and deservedness surface in these messages. Whereas the memes in our sample consist of both visual and textual elements, we found that the text was decidedly more important for reproducing stereotypes linked to the abstract neoliberal values of individual responsibility and participation in market econo-my.

Published
2017

25. Statistical inaccuracies over use of facial skin care products and sunscreens in the aetiology of frontal fibrosing alopecia: reply from authors

Author

Aldoori, N., Dobson, K., Holden, C.R., McDonagh, A.J., Harries, M., and Messenger, A.G.

Abstract

We did not perform a matched one-to-one comparison between FFA subjects and controls, we compared two groups with similar ages. The only continuous variable was age. The responses to the questions posed were categorical. We therefore maintain that a Fisher's exact test rather than a McNemar's test was an appropriate method for analyzing the results.

Published
2016

26. Community diversity and invasion resistance: An experimental test in a grassland ecosystem and a review of comparable studies

Author

Hector, A, Dobson, K, Minns, A, Bazeley-White, E, and Lawton, JH

Subjects
food and beverages, respiratory system, human activities
Abstract

The relationship between community diversity and invasion resistance in a grassland was examined using experimental plant assemblages that varied in species richness and composition. The assemblages were weeded for three seasons to remove unsown species and we used the number of weeded seedlings, their total biomass and the number of species removed as indicators of community resistance and susceptibility to invasion. In general, we found a positive relationship between invasion resistance and increasing community diversity. Similar patterns of establishment were observed at the end of the fourth field season after several months without weeding. Increased invasion resistance with higher diversity appears to come through reduced levels of several above- and belowground resources, although these did not fully explain the effects of species richness in the study's analyses. Experimental increases and reductions of litter biomass within the study's experimental plant assemblages did not modify these patterns significantly. A review of comparable studies of invasion across directly manipulated diversity gradients revealed similar patterns. Positive effects of species diversity on invasion resistance were found in experimental manipulations of plant diversity conducted in the field and in the glasshouse, from studies with aquatic microcosms and in a marine system. Although some exceptions to this pattern were found in both terrestrial plant systems and aquatic microcosms, it was concluded that in biodiversity manipulation experiments more diverse communities are generally more resistant to invasion.

Published
2016

27. U and Th zonation in Fish Canyon Tuff zircons: Implications for a zircon (U–Th)/He standard

Author

Dobson, K. J., Stuart, F. M., Dempster, T.J., and EIMF

Subjects
Canyon, education.field_of_study, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geochemistry and Petrology, Population, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Data interpretation, Cathodoluminescence, education, Geology, Zircon
Abstract

The inability to accurately determine the distribution of U and Th in zircon crystals analysed using (U–Th)/He is a major source of error, and limits the confidence in subsequent data interpretation. The Fish Canyon Tuff (FCT) zircon standard shows (U–Th)/He age reproducibility in excess of ±10%. We have tested the extent to which this is due to U and Th zonation using a combination of cathodoluminescence and ion probe analysis of a population of FCT zircons. Primarily we find that FCT zircons exhibit extreme U and Th zonation, and the population has large inter-crystalline variability. Furthermore, the net cathodoluminescence intensity from the FCT zircons is negatively correlated with U and Th concentration, allowing cathodoluminescence emission to be used as a proxy for U and Th zonation. This correlation was exploited to constrain the U and Th zonation within the crystal population, and to show that the poor age reproducibility of the FCT zircons is consistent with the observed zonation.

Published
2008
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29. The depth of pseudotachylyte formation from detailed thermochronology and constraints on coseismic stress drop variability

Author

Dobson, Kate, Kirkpatrick, J. D., Dobson, K. J., Mark, D. F., Shipton, Z. K., Brodsky, E. E., and Stuart, F. M.

Subjects
Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Pseudotachylytes are accepted as recording paleo-seismicity in the rock record. However, the interpretation of the mechanics of faulting based on pseudotachylyte generation is often hindered because the depth at which they form is poorly constrained. Here, we use thermochronology to determine the depth at which pseudotachylytes in the Sierra Nevada, California, formed. The pseudotachylytes formed in ≤ 10 m long patches over a rupture surface, the rest of which comprised cataclasites that did not melt. The age of the pseudotachylytes is found to be 76.6 0.3 Ma (2σ) from 40Ar/ 39Ar dating of pristine vein matrix. A suite of thermochronometers define the temperature-time path of the host rock granodiorite from ∼550 to 60°C. When the pseudotachylytes formed, the ambient temperature was 110 to 160°C, implying a depth of ∼2.4 to 6.0 km under typical geothermal gradients. At these depths, the failure stress on optimally oriented faults with Byerlee friction and hydrostatic pore pressure was ≤51 MPa. Following melting, the dynamic stress acting on the fault is the melt shear resistance, which we calculate to be

Published
2012
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31. Deviation Influences on Sectional Image Reconstruction in Optical Scanning Holography Using A Random-Phase Pupil

Author

Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wu, X. L., Zhou, X., Wang, Q. H., Jiang, Y. F., Xiao, C. J., Dobson, K., Poon, Ting-Chung, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wu, X. L., Zhou, X., Wang, Q. H., Jiang, Y. F., Xiao, C. J., Dobson, K., and Poon, Ting-Chung

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze the influence of two kinds of deviation errors on sectional image reconstruction for an optical scanning holography system using a random-phase pupil. The first deviation occurs in the lateral pixel position while the second occurs in the pixel value of the decoding function. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show that these two deviations may lead to noise in the reconstructed image. Additional discussions include the signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed image. (c) 2012 Optical Society of America

Published
2013

32. A longitudinal investigation of information processing and cognitive organization in clinical depression: stability of schematic interconnectedness

Author

Dozois, D J and Dobson, K S

Subjects
Adult, Male, Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Time Factors, Remission Induction, Major, Neuropsychological Tests, Severity of Illness Index, Affect, Random Allocation, Cognition, Mental Processes, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Psychology, Female, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

This study longitudinally investigated information processing and cognitive organization in clinical depression. The main hypothesis was that individuals whose depression had remitted would show a significant cognitive shift on information processing (e.g., deactivation of negative processing) but not on cognitive organizational tasks, Forty-five individuals with clinical depression completed 2 information processing and 2 cognitive organizational tasks at initial assessment. At 6-month follow-up, the sample (23 remitted, 22 stable depressed) was readministered the tasks. As expected, information processing shifted significantly in individuals who had improved symptomatically, whereas negative cognitive organizational indices remained stable. The implications of these results are discussed as they pertain to the cognitive vulnerability, maintenance, treatment, and recurrence of depression. Directions for future research are suggested.

Published
2001

33. Three-dimensional complex image coding using a circular Dammann grating

Author

Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shinoda, Y., Liu, J. Ping, Chung, P. S., Dobson, K., Zhou, X., Poon, Ting-Chung, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shinoda, Y., Liu, J. Ping, Chung, P. S., Dobson, K., Zhou, X., and Poon, Ting-Chung

Abstract

Recently, optical image coding using a circular Dammann grating (CDG) has been proposed and investigated. However, the proposed technique is intensity based and could not be used for three-dimensional (3D) image coding. In this paper, we investigate an optical image coding technique that is complex-amplitude based. The system can be used for 3D image coding. The complex-amplitude coding is provided by a circular Dammann grating through the use of a digital holographic recording technique called optical scanning holography. To decode the image, along the depth we record a series of pinhole holograms coded by the CDG. The decoded reconstruction of each depth location is extracted by the measured pinhole hologram matched to the desired depth. Computer simulations as well as experimental results are provided. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America

Published
2011

34. iCalm: wearable sensor and network architecture for wirelessly communicating and logging autonomic activity.

Author

Fletcher, R.R., Dobson, K., Goodwin, M.S., Eydgahi, H., Wilder-Smith, O.H.G., Fernholz, D., Kuboyama, Y., Hedman, E.B., Poh, M.Z., Picard, R.W., Fletcher, R.R., Dobson, K., Goodwin, M.S., Eydgahi, H., Wilder-Smith, O.H.G., Fernholz, D., Kuboyama, Y., Hedman, E.B., Poh, M.Z., and Picard, R.W.

Abstract

1 maart 2010, Contains fulltext : 87312.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), Widespread use of affective sensing in healthcare applications has been limited due to several practical factors, such as lack of comfortable wearable sensors, lack of wireless standards, and lack of low-power affordable hardware. In this paper, we present a new low-cost, low-power wireless sensor platform implemented using the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless standard, and describe the design of compact wearable sensors for long-term measurement of electrodermal activity, temperature, motor activity, and photoplethysmography. We also illustrate the use of this new technology for continuous long-term monitoring of autonomic nervous system and motion data from active infants, children, and adults. We describe several new applications enabled by this system, discuss two specific wearable designs for the wrist and foot, and present sample data.

Published
2010

35. Majority and Minority Ethnic Family Carers of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities:Perceptions of challenging behaviour and family impact

Author

Hatton, Chris, Emerson, Eric, Kirby, S., Kotwal, Homayra, Baines, Susannah, Hutchinson, Christine, Dobson, K., Marks, B, Hatton, Chris, Emerson, Eric, Kirby, S., Kotwal, Homayra, Baines, Susannah, Hutchinson, Christine, Dobson, K., and Marks, B

Abstract

Background A health service in an English city was concerned about its support to families with adults with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven minority ethnic and seven majority ethnic family members to explore perceptions of challenging behaviour, support and the impact of the person on the family. These were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results Four themes emerged: (i) A broad range of difficulties with the adult with intellectual disabilities. (ii) Varied relationships with local communities in acceptance and support. (iii) Varied but largely negative relationships with services. (iv) Varied relationships with the person with intellectual disabilities, from highly dependent relationships with negative consequences to more fulfilling relationships. Families from minority ethnic communities were more likely to report negative experiences. Conclusions ‘Challenging behaviour’ services need to be considered within a much broader social and community context.

Published
2010

36. Majority and Minority Ethnic Family Carers of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities : Perceptions of challenging behaviour and family impact

Author

Hatton, Chris, Emerson, Eric, Kirby, S., Kotwal, Homayra, Baines, Susannah, Hutchinson, Christine, Dobson, K., Marks, B, Hatton, Chris, Emerson, Eric, Kirby, S., Kotwal, Homayra, Baines, Susannah, Hutchinson, Christine, Dobson, K., and Marks, B

Abstract

Background A health service in an English city was concerned about its support to families with adults with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven minority ethnic and seven majority ethnic family members to explore perceptions of challenging behaviour, support and the impact of the person on the family. These were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results Four themes emerged: (i) A broad range of difficulties with the adult with intellectual disabilities. (ii) Varied relationships with local communities in acceptance and support. (iii) Varied but largely negative relationships with services. (iv) Varied relationships with the person with intellectual disabilities, from highly dependent relationships with negative consequences to more fulfilling relationships. Families from minority ethnic communities were more likely to report negative experiences. Conclusions ‘Challenging behaviour’ services need to be considered within a much broader social and community context.

Published
2010

37. Optical image coding with a circular Dammann grating

Author

Electrical and Computer Engineering, Doh, K. B., Dobson, K., Poon, Ting-Chung, Chung, P. S., Electrical and Computer Engineering, Doh, K. B., Dobson, K., Poon, Ting-Chung, and Chung, P. S.

Abstract

A circular Dammann grating in the front focal plane of a lens is used to generate an annular beam in the back focal plane to code an object by two-dimensional scanning. The coded image of the object is decoded digitally by convolving it with the same annular beam used to code the object. Simple inverse filtering is subsequently used to improve the contrast of the decoded image. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America

Published
2009

43. Nanopore sequencing of intact aminoacylated tRNAs.

Author

White LK, Radakovic A, Sajek MP, Dobson K, Riemondy KA, Del Pozo S, Szostak JW, and Hesselberth JR

Abstract

Transfer RNAs (tRNA) are decorated during biogenesis with a variety of modifications that modulate their stability, aminoacylation, and decoding potential during translation. The complex landscape of tRNA modification presents significant analysis challenges and to date no single approach enables the simultaneous measurement of important but disparate chemical properties of individual, mature tRNA molecules. We developed a new, integrated approach to analyze the sequence, modification, and aminoacylation state of tRNA molecules in a high throughput nanopore sequencing experiment, leveraging a chemical ligation that embeds the charged amino acid in an adapted tRNA molecule. During nanopore sequencing, the embedded amino acid generates unique distortions in ionic current and translocation speed, enabling application of machine learning approaches to classify charging status and amino acid identity. Specific applications of the method indicate it will be broadly useful for examining relationships and dependencies between tRNA sequence, modification, and aminoacylation.

Published
2024
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44. Comparative analysis of 43 distinct RNA modifications by nanopore tRNA sequencing.

Author

White LK, Dobson K, Del Pozo S, Bilodeaux JM, Andersen SE, Baldwin A, Barrington C, Körtel N, Martinez-Seidel F, Strugar SM, Watt KEN, Mukherjee N, and Hesselberth JR

Abstract

Transfer RNAs are the fundamental adapter molecules of protein synthesis and the most abundant and heterogeneous class of noncoding RNA molecules in cells. The study of tRNA repertoires remains challenging, complicated by the presence of dozens of post transcriptional modifications. Nanopore sequencing is an emerging technology with promise for both tRNA sequencing and the detection of RNA modifications; however, such studies have been limited by the throughput and accuracy of direct RNA sequencing methods. Moreover, detection of the complete set of tRNA modifications by nanopore sequencing remains challenging. Here we show that recent updates to nanopore direct RNA sequencing chemistry (RNA004) combined with our own optimizations to tRNA sequencing protocols and analysis workflows enable high throughput coverage of tRNA molecules and characterization of nanopore signals produced by 43 distinct RNA modifications. We share best practices and protocols for nanopore sequencing of tRNA and further report successful detection of low abundance mitochondrial and viral tRNAs, providing proof of concept for use of nanopore sequencing to study tRNA populations in the context of infection and organelle biology. This work provides a roadmap to guide future efforts towards de novo detection of RNA modifications across multiple organisms using nanopore sequencing., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement L.K.W. has received travel and accommodation expenses from Oxford Nanopore Technologies to present at scientific meetings, and has been a participant in ONT Early Access programs for SQK-RNA004. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Published
2024
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45. Use of complete medication history to identify and correct transitions-of-care medication errors at psychiatric hospital admission.

Author

Vargas V, Blakeslee WW, Banas CA, Teter C, Dupuis-Dobson K, and Aboud C

Subjects
Humans, Hospitalization, Medication Errors prevention & control, Medication Reconciliation methods, Pharmacists, Patient Admission, Hospitals, Psychiatric, Pharmacy Service, Hospital methods
Abstract

Methods for categorizing the scale and severity of medication errors corrected by pharmacy staff during admission medication reconciliation using complete medication history continue to evolve. We established a rating scale that is effective for generating error reports to health system quality leadership. These reports are needed to quantify the value of investment in transitions-of-care pharmacy staff. All medication errors that were reported by pharmacy staff in the admission medication reconciliation process during a period of 6 months were eligible for inclusion. Complete medication history data source was utilized by admitting providers and all pharmacist staff and a novel medication error scoring methodology was developed. This methodology included: medication error category, medication error type, potential medication error severity, and medication non-adherence. We determined that 82 medication errors were detected from 72 patients and assessed that 74 of these errors may have harmed patients if they were not corrected through pharmacist intervention. Most of these errors were dosage discrepancies and omissions. With hospital system budgets continually becoming leaner, it is important to measure the effectiveness and value of staff resources to optimize patient care. Pharmacists performing admission medication reconciliation can detect subtle medication discrepancies that may be overlooked by other clinician types. This methodology can serve as a foundation for error reporting and predicting the severity of adverse drug events., Competing Interests: Weston Blakeslee and Colin Banas have read the journal’s policy and have the following competing interests: They are current or former employees of a health information technology company who are interested in the success of the company., (Copyright: © 2023 Vargas et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Published
2023
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46. Washable PEDOT:PSS Coated Polyester with Submicron Sized Fibers for Wearable Technologies.

Author

Kim ML, Otal EH, Sinatra NR, Dobson K, and Kimura M

Abstract

The use of non-metallic conductive yarns in wearable technologies like smart textiles requires compliant washable fibers that can withstand domestic washing without losing their conductive properties. A one-pot coating with PEDOT:PSS conductive polymers was applied to polyester submicron fibers, increasing the water resistance and washability under various domestic washing conditions. Plasma treatment of the untreated samples improved the anchoring of the coating to the fibers, producing smooth and homogeneous coatings. The primary doping of PEDOT:PSS with ethylene glycol (EG), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and a non-ionic surfactant as well as the secondary doping of the composite fibers improved the sheet resistance at room temperature. The as-obtained composite materials showed similar mechanical properties as the parent fibers, indicating that the coating and post-treatment do not affect the overall mechanical property of the composite. The performance of the composites under different temperature and humidity conditions and washability using the standardized ISO 6330:2012 procedure for domestic washing and drying showed that the obtained composites are good candidates for reliable washable wearable technologies, such as all-organic washable Joule heaters in functional textiles., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Published
2023
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47. Phase II Trial of Pembrolizumab and Anti-CD3 x Anti-HER2 Bispecific Antibody-Armed Activated T Cells in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Author

Vaishampayan UN, Thakur A, Chen W, Deol A, Patel M, Dobson K, Dickow B, Schalk D, Schienschang A, Whitaker S, Polend A, Fontana JA, Heath EI, and Lum LG

Subjects
Male, Humans, Middle Aged, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Docetaxel therapeutic use, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, T-Lymphocytes, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols adverse effects, Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant drug therapy
Abstract

Purpose: A phase II study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combination of HER2 bispecific antibody (HER2Bi)-armed activated T cells (HER2 BAT) and programmed death 1 inhibitor, pembrolizumab., Patients and Methods: Patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with 0 to 1 performance status and normal liver, kidney, and marrow function, pre- or post-docetaxel chemotherapy were eligible. Primary endpoint was 6-month progression-free survival (PFS). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained by a single apheresis, shipped to University of Virginia, activated with OKT3 and expanded for 14 days in IL2, harvested, and armed with HER2Bi and cryopreserved. HER2 BATs were infused twice weekly for 4 weeks and pembrolizumab was administered every 21 days for a maximum duration of 6 months starting 1 to 3 weeks prior to HER2 BATs infusion., Results: Fourteen patients were enrolled with a median age of 69 (range 57-82 years) and median PSA of 143.4 (range 8.2-4210 ng/dL). Two patients had peritoneal metastases, 1 had lymph node (LN) only metastases and 11 had bone metastases of which 7 had bone and LN metastases. All were pretreated with androgen receptor axis targeted agents and 7 (50%) had prior docetaxel chemotherapy. The toxicities were grade1-2 infusion reactions with fever, chills, headaches, nausea and/or myalgias. Primary endpoint of 6 month PFS was achieved in 5 of 14 patients (38.5%; 95% confidence interval, 19.5%-76.5%). Median PFS was 5 months and median survival was 31.6 months., Conclusions: The safety and promising efficacy makes this combination worthy of future investigation in mCRPC., (©2022 American Association for Cancer Research.)

Published
2023
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48. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Study: protocol for a prospective investigation of mental health risk and resilience factors.

Author

Carleton RN, Krätzig GP, Sauer-Zavala S, Neary JP, Lix LM, Fletcher AJ, Afifi TO, Brunet A, Martin R, Hamelin KS, Teckchandani TA, Jamshidi L, Maguire KQ, Gerhard D, McCarron M, Hoeber O, Jones NA, Stewart SH, Keane TM, Sareen J, Dobson K, and Asmundson GJG

Subjects
Canada epidemiology, Humans, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Mental Health, Police
Abstract

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), like all public safety personnel (PSP), are frequently exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events that contribute to posttraumatic stress injuries (PTSI). Addressing PTSI is impeded by the limited available research. In this protocol paper, we describe the RCMP Study, part of the concerted efforts by the RCMP to reduce PTSI by improving access to evidence-based assessments, treatments and training as well as participant recruitment and RCMP Study developments to date. The RCMP Study has been designed to (1) develop, deploy and assess the impact of a system for ongoing annual, monthly and daily evidence-based assessments; (2) evaluate associations between demographic variables and PTSI; (3) longitudinally assess individual differences associated with PTSI; (4) augment the RCMP Cadet Training Program with skills to proactively mitigate PTSI; and (5) assess the impact of the augmented training condition (ATC) versus the standard training condition (STC). Participants in the STC (n = 480) and ATC (n = 480) are assessed before and after training and annually for 5 years on their deployment date; they also complete brief monthly and daily surveys. The RCMP Study results are expected to benefit the mental health of all participants, RCMP and PSP by reducing PTSI among all who serve.

Published
2022
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49. A randomised controlled trial to test the effects of fish aggregating devices (FADs) and SBC activities promoting fish consumption in Timor-Leste: A study protocol.

Author

Tilley A, Byrd KA, Pincus L, Klumpyan K, Dobson K, Dos Reis Lopes J, and Shikuku KM

Subjects
Animals, Diet, Growth Disorders, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Timor-Leste epidemiology, Malnutrition, Nutritional Status
Abstract

Timor-Leste is one of the world's most malnourished nations where micronutrient-deficient diets are a contributing factor to the prevalence of child stunting, currently estimated to be 45.6% of children under five. Fish are an important source of nutrients and one that may assist the country's predominantly rural population of agriculturalists to exit poverty and malnutrition. However, a small national fishing fleet producing low catch volumes places fish out of reach of most inland and upland populations where it is needed most. Fish consumption is very low in rural, inland areas compared to coastal, regional, and global averages. This study is a one-year, partially masked, cluster-randomized controlled trial among families living in rural, inland Timor-Leste. We aim to test and compare the effects of two treatments, alone and in combination, on the frequency and volume of household fish consumption in rural, inland areas as a proxy for improved dietary diversity and micronutrient intake. Treatment 1 is the installation of nearshore, moored fish aggregating devices (FADs) to improve catch rates with existing fishing gears. Treatment 2 is a social and behaviour change (SBC) activity to promote fish consumption. Villages in inland communities will be randomized to receive treatment 1, treatment 2, both treatments, or neither treatment. Data will be collected at baseline (prior to the rollout of the treatments) and endline. Our study will determine the impact of an improved supply of fish, along with nutrition-oriented SBC activities, on the fish purchasing and consumption practices of rural, inland households. Findings from this study are urgently needed by Small Island Developing States to guide policy and investment decisions on how best to improve households' diets using locally available, nutrient-dense foods such as fish. Investments such as these are needed to break the cycle of malnutrition. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04729829). Trial registration: Trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT04729829., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Published
2022
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