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Hangbin Hu,1,* Yifeng Lou,1,2,* Haiting Feng,3 Jingjing Tao,1 Weixiao Shi,1 Shuangling Ni,4 Qunying Pan,3 Tianxiang Ge,3 Ping Shen,1 Zifeng Zhong,3 Yonghong Xiao,1 Tingting Qu1,3 1State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Infectious Disease Department, Sanmen People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 3Infection Control Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 4Infectious Disease Department, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Tingting Qu; Yonghong Xiao, Tel +86 571 87236673, Email qutingting@zju.edu.cn; yonghong@163.comObjective: Critical patients in intensive care unit (ICU) are highly susceptible to acquiring carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infection. To investigate the relationship between nosocomial infections and environmental health, we studied the distribution and homology of CRAB isolates from patients and environment and evaluated the effectiveness of infection control measures.Methods: In the 4-month study, we conducted a monthly CRAB screening of the ICU environment prior to disinfection in a Chinese teaching hospital. The ICU underwent routine disinfection procedures twice a day. We collected samples from the environment around the patients before disinfection. Clinical specimens from patients were also screened. The samples obtained were studied for phenotype and homology via antibiotic susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and