Search

Objectives. Popliteal and infrapopliteal artery injuries have significant morbidity and mortality rates, especially in terms of amputation. In our study, we aimed to evaluate patients who operated due to popliteal and infrapopliteal vascular injuries in our clinic. Patients and Methods. Between 2016 and 2023; 21 patients who were operated in our clinic due to popliteal and infrapopliteal artery injuries were retrospectively evaluated. Results. 2 of the patients were female (9.5%) and 19 were male (90.5%). Age ranges were 21–78. The causes of injury were gunshot wounds in 9 patients (42.86%), blunt trauma in 7 patients (33.33%), and sharp object injuries in 5 patients (23.80%). Reversed saphenous vein interposition in 7 patients (33.33%), primary repair in 6 patients (28.57%), 6 mm polytetrafluoroethylene graft (PTFE) interposition in 3 patients (14.28%), end-to-end anastomosis in 2 patients (9.52%), saphenous-PTFE composite graft interposition in 2 patients (9.52%), and embolectomy in 1 patient (4.76%) were performed. Arterial ligation was not performed. Simultaneous orthopedic intervention was performed in 8 patients. Fasciotomy was performed in 3 patients. Venous repair was performed in 5 patients with venous injuries. Vein ligation was not performed. Mortality was observed postoperatively in 1 patient. No patient developed amputation. Foot drop developed with nerve damage in 2 patients. Conclusion. Mortality and morbidity rates may increase in popliteal and infrapopliteal artery injuries in cases of hemodynamic disorder, simultaneous bone fracture, multivessel injury, and nerve transection. These rates can be reduced by appropriate surgical repair and ensuring hemodynamic stability.

Objective:This study aimed to determine the sleep habits and sleep problems of patients with conduct disorder (CD) and to compare them with healthy controls.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study included 45 children diagnosed with CD and 50 healthy controls. Sleep was evaluated by children’s sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ). Qualitative variables between groups were compared using chi-square test, whereas quantitative variables were compared using t-test. Correlation analyses were conducted to evaluate relationships between the quantitative variables. Linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the predictors of severity of CD symptoms. P was set at 0.05.Results:The average ages of children in CD and control groups were 11.04±1.20 and 10.00±1.55 years, respectively. Moreover, 71.1% in the CD group were boys (vs. 78.0% in the control group). The groups were comparable in terms of socio-demographic features (all p>0.05). Scores of all CSHQ subscales were significantly elevated in the CD group compared with the control group (p

Background: Orofacial clefts are the most common congenital craniofacial anomalies, globally. However, few reports describe cleft demographic, clinical, and surgical information in a Turkish population. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the demographic, clinical, surgical information and outcomes of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) patients in Northwestern Turkey. Materials and Methods: We assessed demographic, clinical, operative characteristics, and postoperative complications data in this retrospective review of electronic medical records at a tertiary referral center from 2005 to 2015. Results: Our study included 150 CL/P patients (88 men, 62 women). Cleft lip and palate (CLP) was the most prevalent type of cleft (60%), followed by isolated cleft palate (31.3%) and isolated cleft lip (8.7%). The rates of maternal folic acid use, smoking, alcohol intake, and consanguinity were 83.3%, 5.3%, 1.3%, and 3.3%, respectively. Nasoalveolar molding was applied mostly in bilateral—not unilateral—CLP patients. The modified, extended Mohler technique was common for cleft lip repairs. Most cleft palate repairs used Bardach's two-flap palatoplasty combined with radical intravelar veloplasty. Most cases required grommet insertion. For cleft palate patients, myringotomy or paracentesis was performed in 12.8% of repairs, and acellular dermal matrix was used in 28.5% of repairs. Conclusion: Knowledge of CL/P characteristics is crucial for treatment planning and satisfactory health care. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess CLP data in a Turkish population.

Objective: The epigastric artery perforator flap is commonly used in the breast reconstruction. Ischemia during surgery results in the necrosis of the flap. We aimed to study the effect of fondaparinux in reperfusion injury in perforator flap model and determined its effects on the flap viability. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight female Wistar Albino rats were included in this study. Rats were separated into three groups: A control (n = 9), B ischemia (n = 9), and C ischemia + drug (n = 10). Superior epigastric artery perforator flap on the single perforator was elevated in all groups. In Group A, flap was sutured back. In Group B, ischemia was applied for 4 h to the pedicle. In Group C, fondaparinux was administered 30 min before the reperfusion of the flap. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, and histopathological examination of the flaps were studied. Results: The mean survival areas of flaps were 92.5%, 50.1%, and 91.1% in Group A, Group B, and Group C, respectively. Statistical differences were observed between these values (P < 0.05). The means of MPO and MDA were 22.3 ng/ml and 4.5 nmol/ml; 31.1 ng/ml and 4.7 nmol/ml; 27.1 ng/ml and 4.5 nmol/ml, respectively, for Group A, Group B, and Group C, and no statistically significant difference was found between groups (P > 0.05). Histopathologically, statistically significant difference was found between Group A, Group B, and Group C in terms of the infiltration of the leukocytes with polymorph nuclei (PMNL) for 24 h (P < 0.05). In the histopathological examinations done at the 7th day, statistically significant difference was found between groups in terms of edema, necrosis, increase in connective tissue, and leukocytes with polymorph nuclei (PMNL) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Administration of fondaparinux after ischemia increased the flap viability in the epigastric artery perforator flap model.

In children and adolescents, especially younger ones, recurrent abdominal pains may develop as a response to psychosocial stressors. They may be considered as functional and be one of the common reasons for clinical referrals. A rare cause of recurrent, organic abdominal pain is abdominal epilepsy. Abdominal epilepsy may be considered in differential diagnosis of patients that were thought to have functional complaints. In this case, a 16-year-old adolescent girl whose chief complaints included loss of consciousness and recurrent abdominal pains lasting for a year is presented.

Enerji tüketiminin azaltılması ülkelerin gelişimi için çok önemlidir. Yapılarda enerji tüketimi bu nedenle büyük önem arz etmektedir. Binalarda ısı kaybını azaltmak için ısı köprülerini, ısı köprülerini oluşturan yalıtım sisteminin etkilerini ve kullanılan malzemenin davranışlarını çok iyi bilmek gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, teras katlarda beton, duvar ve yalıtım malzemelerinin ısıl iletkenlik katsayılarının değişiminin ısı köprüsüne etkilerini incelenmektedir. Bunun için literatürden farklı olarak Türkiye'de betonarme binaların teras katları için en sık kullanılan 9 kesit üzerinde inceleme gerçekleştirilmiştir. "Yalıtım sistemi, beton ve/veya duvar malzemesinin değişiminin ısı köprüsüne etkisi ne olmaktadır?" sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır. Hesaplamalar TS 825’te belirtilen birinci derece gün bölgesi için sıvalı durum göz önünde bulundurularak yapılmış olup farklı yalıtım çeşitlerinde duvar-döşeme-kiriş birleşimlerinin ısı akıları ve sıcaklıkları hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplamalarda gerçeğe yakın değerler veren ve sonlu elemanlar metodunu kullanan, QuickField 5.6 programından yararlanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları ile ısı köprülerinde beton, duvar ve yalıtım malzemelerinin ısıl iletkenlik değerlerinin değişiminin iki boyutlu olarak nasıl değiştiği görülmektedir. En büyük ısı kaybı, betonun ısıl iletkenlik katsayısının artması sonucunda elde edilmektedir. Ayrıca elde edilen sonuçlarla teras katlarda kullanılan yalıtım çeşitlerinin hangisinin daha verimli olduğu sorularına da yanıt verilmektedir.

Reconstruction of the lumbosacral region after surgical excision of irradiated and recurrent spinal giant cell tumours remains a challenging problem. In this case report, we describe the use of the pedicled omentum flap in reconstruction of an irradiated and infected wide sacral defect of a 19-year-old male patient. The patient had radiotherapy and subsequent wide surgical resection after recurrence of the tumour. A myocutaneous flap from the gluteal area had failed previously. Local flap options could not be used because of the recent radiotherapy to the gluteal area. Since the patient had a laparotomy for tumour resection and a colostomy, abdominal muscles were not considered reliable for reconstructive procedures. A pedicled omentum flap was chosen as a reconstructive option because of its rich blood supply, large surface area, and angiogenic capacity. This report aims to describe the use of the pedicled omentum flap for reconstruction of the lumbosacral area following surgical resection of a spinal tumour, when gluteal and abdominal flap options for reconstruction are jeopardised.

İnceleme alanında Paleozoyik ve Tersiyer yaşlı oluşuklar, yüzeylenmektedir. Pelitikşist, serizitşist, kloritşist, kuvarsşist, kalkşist, kuvarsit ve mermerlerden ibaret Paleozoyik yaşlı birimler temeli oluştururlar. Bu temel üzerine açılı uyumsuzlukla gelen Pliyosen yaşlı gölsel çökeller, çakıltaşı, kumtaşı, silttaşı, kiltaşı ve kumlu kireçtaşlarından ibarettir. Jeotermik gradyanla ısınan su, kırık ve fay hatları boyunca yükselerek yeryüzüne ulaşmış ve Köşk kaplıca kaynağını oluşturmuştur. Termal suyun debisi 20.08.1997'de bilinen hacim yöntemi ile 3,66 l/s (320 m3/gün), 21.09.1997'de ise 3,46 l/s (300 m3/gün) ölçülmüştür. Kaynak ağzında suyun sıcaklığı maksimumlu termometre ile 35 oC ölçülmüştür. Sıcaklık ölçümlerine ve kimyasal analiz sonuçlarına göre kaynağın suyu, Uluslararası Hidrojeologlar Birliği'nin tanımına göre "Ca, Mg, SO4'lı sıcak ve mineralli su" dur. Köşk kaplıcasının mevcut suyunun debisini ve sıcaklığını artırmak amacıyla 7-8 Eylül 1997 tarihlerinde 7 noktada AB/2 = 700 m açılımlı Rezistivite Düşey Elektrik Sondaj (D.E.S.) ölçümü yapılmıştır. Yapılan jeofizik incelemeler ile jeolojik ve hidrojeolojik gözlemlerin ışığında termal suyun sıcaklığının ve debisinin artmasıbeklenmektedir. Jeofizik-rezistivite D.E.S. verilerine göre suyun debisini ve sıcaklığını artırmak için en uygun sondaj yerinin, 2 ve 3 nolu D.E.S. noktaları arasında hem fayı hem de şistler arasındaki yüksek rezistiviteli kalkşist-kuvarsitleri hedefleyecek şekilde seçilmesi gerekmektedir.

In the study area, Paleozoic and Tertiary aged rock units outcrop. Paleozoic aged rock units which form the basement, are peliticschists, sericitschists, chloriteschists, quartzschists, quartzites and marbles. Pliocene aged rock units, which are lacustrine sediments, conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones, claystones and sandy limestones overlie this basement with angle disconformity. The meteoric water, circulated in the region is heated by the effect of geothermic gradient and emerges near the small town of Köşk, forms the Köşk thermal. Recharge of the thermal water is 3,66 l/s in 20.08.1997 and 3,46 l/s in 21.09.1997. Temperature of the water is 35 oC which measured by using max-thermometer in the emerging point of (well) the water. According to do thermal measurements and the results of chemical analyses the water can be defined as "Ca, Mg, SO4 thermal and mineralized water" by the IUGS standarts. AB/2 = 700 m Rezistivite Deep Electric Drilling has been done to increase the recharge and temperature of the Köşk thermal water at seven points in 7-8 Septemper, 1997. In the light of this geophysical investigations and with the support of geological and hydrogeological conditions, it can be expected that the temperature and recharge of the thermal water would be increased. On the basis of geophysic resiztivite data, to increase of water recharge and its temperature it is suggested that the best drilling sites are between 2 and 3 well-points which are located between fault and high-resiztivite chalkschists-quartzite within schists.

İnceleme alanında Paleozoyik ve Tersiyer yaşlı oluşuklar, yüzeylenmektedir. Pelitikşist, serizitşist, kloritşist, kuvarsşist, kalkşist, kuvarsit ve mermerlerden ibaret Paleozoyik yaşlı birimler temeli oluştururlar. Bu temel üzerine açılı uyumsuzlukla gelen Pliyosen yaşlı gölsel çökeller, çakıltaşı, kumtaşı, silttaşı, kiltaşı ve kumlu kireçtaşlarından ibarettir. Jeotermik gradyanla ısınan su, kırık ve fay hatları boyunca yükselerek yeryüzüne ulaşmış ve Köşk kaplıca kaynağını oluşturmuştur. Termal suyun debisi 20.08.1997'de bilinen hacim yöntemi ile 3,66 l/s (320 m3/gün), 21.09.1997'de ise 3,46 l/s (300 m3/gün) ölçülmüştür. Kaynak ağzında suyun sıcaklığı maksimumlu termometre ile 35 oC ölçülmüştür. Sıcaklık ölçümlerine ve kimyasal analiz sonuçlarına göre kaynağın suyu, Uluslararası Hidrojeologlar Birliği'nin tanımına göre "Ca, Mg, SO4'lı sıcak ve mineralli su" dur. Köşk kaplıcasının mevcut suyunun debisini ve sıcaklığını artırmak amacıyla 7-8 Eylül 1997 tarihlerinde 7 noktada AB/2 = 700 m açılımlı Rezistivite Düşey Elektrik Sondaj (D.E.S.) ölçümü yapılmıştır. Yapılan jeofizik incelemeler ile jeolojik ve hidrojeolojik gözlemlerin ışığında termal suyun sıcaklığının ve debisinin artmasıbeklenmektedir. Jeofizik-rezistivite D.E.S. verilerine göre suyun debisini ve sıcaklığını artırmak için en uygun sondaj yerinin, 2 ve 3 nolu D.E.S. noktaları arasında hem fayı hem de şistler arasındaki yüksek rezistiviteli kalkşist-kuvarsitleri hedefleyecek şekilde seçilmesi gerekmektedir.

Ilıcapınar (Polatlı)'ın BGB'sında yer alan sıcak ve mineralli su kaynağının hidrojeoloji incelemesini amaçlayan bu araştırmada yaklaşık 50 km 2 'lik bir alanın 1/25000 ölçekli jeoloji haritası yapılmıştır. Çatlak ve kırıklar boyunca yerin derinlikerine doğru yer çekim etkisiyle süzülen meteorik sular jeotermik gradyanla ısınmışlardır. Hidrostatik basınç ve sudaki gazların genleşmesi vb. nedenlerle faylar boyunca yükselerek yeryüzüne çıkmışlardır. Sıcak ve mineralli su kaynakları K-G doğrultusunda uzanan fay boyunca çıkmışlardır. Kaynak sıcaklığı 28.5 °C olup debisi 8.4 l/s'dir. Sıcak ve mineralli suların geldiği derinlik 700 m'dir. AIH'a göre Ilıcapınar sıcak ve mineralli su kaynağı Na'lu, HCO3'lu, Cl'lu S'lü, sıcak ve mineralli sudur.

In this study aiming the hydrogeological investigation of thermal and mineralized waters of WSW Ilıcapınar (Polatlı) area. 1/25000 scaled geological maps of appoxiamely 50 km 2 area have been done. Meteoric waters infiltrating to ward to the deep level of the ground along fractures and fissures have been warmed up due to geotermic gradient. They have been up rose to the surface throught fault planes a result of leaving of gases in the water and hydrostatic pressure. Thermal and mineralized waters of ılıcapınar spring discharge along the N-Strending fault. The temperature of the spring is 28.5 °C and discharge is 8.4 l/s. It is determined that the hot and mineralized water are come from about 700 m. According to the IAH standarts hot and mineralized water of ılıcapınar spring can be classifid as Na, HCO3, Cl, S bearing hot and mineralized water.

Ilıcapınar (Polatlı)'ın BGB'sında yer alan sıcak ve mineralli su kaynağının hidrojeoloji incelemesini amaçlayan bu araştırmada yaklaşık 50 km 2 'lik bir alanın 1/25000 ölçekli jeoloji haritası yapılmıştır. Çatlak ve kırıklar boyunca yerin derinlikerine doğru yer çekim etkisiyle süzülen meteorik sular jeotermik gradyanla ısınmışlardır. Hidrostatik basınç ve sudaki gazların genleşmesi vb. nedenlerle faylar boyunca yükselerek yeryüzüne çıkmışlardır. Sıcak ve mineralli su kaynakları K-G doğrultusunda uzanan fay boyunca çıkmışlardır. Kaynak sıcaklığı 28.5 °C olup debisi 8.4 l/s'dir. Sıcak ve mineralli suların geldiği derinlik 700 m'dir. AIH'a göre Ilıcapınar sıcak ve mineralli su kaynağı Na'lu, HCO3'lu, Cl'lu S'lü, sıcak ve mineralli sudur.

In vitro release testing (IVRT) is extensively used to develop the formulation of topical semi-solid products, to evaluate the quality and consistency of the product after scale-up and post-approval changes, and more recently to aid the evaluation of topical generic products' equivalency. The selection of synthetic membrane is one of the most critical parameters of the method development part of IVRT. It is well known that the membrane features namely its polymer matrices, porosity, pore size, thickness can have a substantial effect on the IVRT data. However, there is no detailed information available in the literature regarding the membrane selection for different types of topical dosage forms. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether difference topical semi-solid dosage forms of the same drug molecule would cause to variation in the membrane selection. Within this framework, rheological behaviour of commercially available three different types of topical semi-solid dosage forms (ointment, cream, and lotion) of mometasone furoate (0.1%) were primarily characterized. Then, the membrane inertness test was conducted using a series of synthetic hydrophilic membranes (regenerated cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, mixed cellulose ester membranes) and hydrophobic membranes (polyether sulfone, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene membranes) after identifying of an appropriate receptor medium that ensures sink condition for mometasone furoate. Lastly, IVRT studies from the topical semi-solid products were performed utilizing Franz-type diffusion cells. The membrane inertness and in vitro release data demonstrated that the cellulose acetate membrane showed superior diffusion properties in general while the other synthetic membranes exhibited varying outcomes for different semi-solid dosage forms of mometasone furoate. Overall, the results indicated that the release rate and the cumulative drug released amount of drug after 6 h through the different synthetic membranes might vary depending on the semi-solid dosage form. In order to select the synthetic membrane for IVRT, it should also be considered potential interactions between the polymer matrices and the chemical structure of drug molecule as well as formulation components prior to conducting membrane inertness test and IVRT studies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing Interest There is no conflict of interest with any commercial or other associations in this study., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Food allergy is a public health issue that has a significant impact on the lives of families. Parental self-efficacy/confidence is important in managing food allergies. The aim of this study is to validate the "Food Allergy Self-Efficacy Scale for Parents" (FASE-P) and assess parental self-efficacy in managing their child's food allergy., Methods: Turkish version of the FASE-P (T-FASE-P) was administered to 347 parents of children aged 0-18 who had been followed for at least one month due to food allergy at the Pediatric Allergy Clinic of Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital between September 1 and December 31, 2023, through face-to-face interviews and online surveys for parents of children with food allergies from the general population. Content validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to evaluate the validity of the scale. General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) was used for concurrent criterion validity. Internal consistency analysis, test-retest application, and item analysis were conducted to assess its reliability., Results: T-FASE-P scale initially contained 21 items, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α) calculated in this form was found to be 0.89. Later, when 4 items were excluded, the 17-item version of the scale was calculated as α=0.90. The intra-class correlation coefficient between the test and re-test was found to be 0.972. The content validity index value of the scale was calculated as 0.99, indicating that the content validity was at a sufficient level. In the EFA, it was determined that the scale formed a three-factor structural model and that this model explained 60.82% of the total variance. As a result of the CFA, the fit indices were calculated as χ2/df=2.341, GFI=0.919, TLI=0.950, indicating a good level of fit. Based on the analysis results, T-FASE-P consists of 17 items and three subscales., Conclusion: T-FASE-P scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to determine the food allergy self-efficacy of Turkish parents., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

RNA methylation adds a second layer of genetic information that dictates the post-transcriptional fate of RNAs. Although various methods exist that enable the analysis of RNA methylation in a site-specific or transcriptome-wide manner, whether biophysical approaches can be employed to such analyses is unexplored. In this study, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy are employed to examine the methylation status of both synthetic and cellular RNAs. The results show that FT-IR spectroscopy is perfectly capable of quantitatively distinguishing synthetic m 6 A-methylated RNAs from un-methylated ones. Subsequently, FT-IR spectroscopy is successfully employed to assess the changes in the extent of total RNA methylation upon the knockdown of the m 6 A writer, METTL3, in HeLa cells. In addition, the same approach is shown to accurately detect reduction in total RNA methylation upon the treatment of HeLa cells with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). It is also demonstrated that m 1 A and m 6 A methylation induce quite a distinct secondary structure on RNAs, as evident from CD spectra. These results strongly suggest that both FT-IR and CD spectroscopy methods can be exploited to uncover biophysical properties impinged on RNAs by methyl moieties, providing a fast, convenient and cheap alternative to the existing methods.

Across the world and within Europe, a growing number of consumers are choosing to buy gluten-free products. Motivations for a gluten-free diet and the consequences of consuming gluten are varied, from a medical necessity for those diagnosed with celiac disease to a range of health complications and discomfort for those who are gluten-intolerant. In this research, 7296 gluten-free consumers across 13 European countries responded to an online survey on the 33 types of gluten-free products purchased, how frequently they purchased them, their satisfaction with gluten-free quality and availability, the problems they have experienced, and the strategies they have employed to cope with these problems. The investigation examines whether and how these consumer attitudes and behaviors differ between those diagnosed with celiac disease, those who are gluten-intolerant, and those who are caregivers for others with a gluten-free diet. The results show that significant differences existed for all these habits and issues across the three gluten-free consumer groups. Specifically, caregivers purchased most of the gluten-free product types more frequently than the other two groups, experienced more availability problems, and were more likely to shop at multiple stores or make their own gluten-free products. Celiac-diagnosed consumers tended to buy gluten-free products more frequently than those who are gluten-intolerant, and they tended to be the most satisfied with the quality and range of gluten-free offerings. Despite purchasing frequency differences between the groups, the results suggest a similar hierarchy of gluten-free products that could provide the foundation for a European gluten-free food basket.

Cardiomyopathy, which is shortly defined as a disease of the myocardium, has a broad definition that includes many different diagnoses. Recent advances in cardiac imaging techniques, including basic and advanced echocardiography, computed tomography, nuclear medicine, and cardiac magnetic resonance, allow for a more accurate evaluation of volumes and thickness of cardiac chambers, systolic and diastolic function of the ventricules, and tissue structure. Multimodality imaging often provides the first clinical suspicion for specific etiologies, especially when the medical and family history is unclear, by identification of red flags of underlying systemic diseases. In this review, we aimed to evaluate the role of multimodality imaging in diagnosis of cardiomyopathies with key images and discussed the effects of genetics on the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic guidance of cardiomyopathies.

There is an increasing incidence of diagnosing both congenital and acquired heart valve diseases in women during pregnancy. Factors such as elevated rates of pregnancy, older maternal age, and coexisting conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and obesity contribute significantly to the symptomatic manifestation and detection of valvular heart diseases in women planning for pregnancy. Pregnancy induces cardiovascular changes across the maternal physiology, posing a heightened risk of morbidity and mortality, especially in women afflicted with valvular heart diseases. In this article, we present a case of a 25-year-old patient who underwent mitral ring annuloplasty surgery at the age of 9. Her echocardiography revealed a mismatch of the mitral ring during a follow-up examination at the age of 20. Despite neglecting further follow-ups, the patient became pregnant and presented to us at the 6th week of pregnancy. She underwent evaluations at the 6th, 10th, and 22nd weeks of pregnancy, as well as before delivery. Following the resumption of follow-up appointments, intervention planning was initiated during the postpartum period. This case exemplifies successful management, resulting in a healthy delivery after navigating through the pregnancy.

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a common cause of mortality 1 , but a comprehensive description of its genomic landscape is lacking 2-9 . Here we perform whole-genome sequencing of 2,023 CRC samples from participants in the UK 100,000 Genomes Project, thereby providing a highly detailed somatic mutational landscape of this cancer. Integrated analyses identify more than 250 putative CRC driver genes, many not previously implicated in CRC or other cancers, including several recurrent changes outside the coding genome. We extend the molecular pathways involved in CRC development, define four new common subgroups of microsatellite-stable CRC based on genomic features and show that these groups have independent prognostic associations. We also characterize several rare molecular CRC subgroups, some with potential clinical relevance, including cancers with both microsatellite and chromosomal instability. We demonstrate a spectrum of mutational profiles across the colorectum, which reflect aetiological differences. These include the role of Escherichia coli pks+ colibactin in rectal cancers 10 and the importance of the SBS93 signature 11-13 , which suggests that diet or smoking is a risk factor. Immune-escape driver mutations 14 are near-ubiquitous in hypermutant tumours and occur in about half of microsatellite-stable CRCs, often in the form of HLA copy number changes. Many driver mutations are actionable, including those associated with rare subgroups (for example, BRCA1 and IDH1), highlighting the role of whole-genome sequencing in optimizing patient care., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction: The relationship between depression and inflammation and the resulting vascular/neuronal damage have been demonstrated in recent studies. In this study we aimed to investigate inflammation and the possible degeneration that can be caused by depression and accompanying vitamin D deficiency using a non-invasive imaging method of optical coherence tomography (OCT)., Methods: Twenty-four healthy controls and 42 drug free major depressive patients matched for age, sex and eye measurements were compared in terms of vitamin D, C Reactive Protein (CRP) and OCT parameters. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), The Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI) and Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) were used to assess disease severity., Results: CRP level and choroidal thickness in the major depression group were significantly higher than the healthy controls. Vitamin D level and the ganglion cell layer (GCL) volume was significantly lower in the major depression group compared to healthy controls. Positive correlation was found between HAM-D and CRP in major depressive patients; a negative correlation was found between current attack duration and GCL volume. CGI was positively correlated with CRP and HAM-D. GAS was negatively correlated with CRP and HAM-D., Conclusion: It has been shown that major depression might be an inflammatory disorder with possible degenerative processes observed with OCT and CRP measurements. But longitudinal follow up studies are needed to demonstrate a cause and effect relationship., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Turkish Neuropsychiatric Society.)

Objectives: Popliteal and infrapopliteal artery injuries have significant morbidity and mortality rates, especially in terms of amputation. In our study, we aimed to evaluate patients who operated due to popliteal and infrapopliteal vascular injuries in our clinic. Patients and Methods . Between 2016 and 2023; 21 patients who were operated in our clinic due to popliteal and infrapopliteal artery injuries were retrospectively evaluated., Results: 2 of the patients were female (9.5%) and 19 were male (90.5%). Age ranges were 21-78. The causes of injury were gunshot wounds in 9 patients (42.86%), blunt trauma in 7 patients (33.33%), and sharp object injuries in 5 patients (23.80%). Reversed saphenous vein interposition in 7 patients (33.33%), primary repair in 6 patients (28.57%), 6 mm polytetrafluoroethylene graft (PTFE) interposition in 3 patients (14.28%), end-to-end anastomosis in 2 patients (9.52%), saphenous-PTFE composite graft interposition in 2 patients (9.52%), and embolectomy in 1 patient (4.76%) were performed. Arterial ligation was not performed. Simultaneous orthopedic intervention was performed in 8 patients. Fasciotomy was performed in 3 patients. Venous repair was performed in 5 patients with venous injuries. Vein ligation was not performed. Mortality was observed postoperatively in 1 patient. No patient developed amputation. Foot drop developed with nerve damage in 2 patients., Conclusion: Mortality and morbidity rates may increase in popliteal and infrapopliteal artery injuries in cases of hemodynamic disorder, simultaneous bone fracture, multivessel injury, and nerve transection. These rates can be reduced by appropriate surgical repair and ensuring hemodynamic stability., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Burak Tamteki̇n and Güler Gülsen Ersoy.)

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism, ischemic stroke, impaired quality of life, and mortality. The latest research that shows the prevalence and incidence of AF patients in Türkiye was the Turkish Adults' Heart Disease and Risk Factors study, which included 3,450 patients and collected data until 2006/07.The Turkish Real Life Atrial Fibrillation in Clinical Practice (TRAFFIC) study is planned to present current prevalence data, reveal the reflection of new treatment and risk approaches in our country, and develop new prediction models in terms of outcomes., Methods: The TRAFFIC study is a national, prospective, multicenter, observational registry. The study aims to collect data from at least 1900 patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation, with the participation of 40 centers from Türkiye. The following data will be collected from patients: baseline demographic characteristics, medical history, vital signs, symptoms of AF, ECG and echocardiographic findings, CHADS2-VASC2 and HAS-BLED (1-year risk of major bleeding) risk scores, interventional treatments, antithrombotic and antiarrhythmic medications, or other medications used by the patients. For patients who use warfarin, international normalized ratio levels will be monitored. Follow-up data will be collected at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Primary endpoints are defined as systemic embolism or major safety endpoints (major bleeding, clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding, and minor bleeding as defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis). The main secondary endpoints include major adverse cardiovascular events (systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death), all-cause mortality, and hospitalizations due to all causes or specific reasons., Results: The results of the 12-month follow-up of the study are planned to be shared by the end of 2023., Conclusion: The TRAFFIC study will reveal the prevalence and incidence, demographic characteristics, and risk profiles of AF patients in Türkiye. Additionally, it will provide insights into how current treatments are reflected in this population. Furthermore, risk prediction modeling and risk scoring can be conducted for patients with AF.

Background: There may be many risk factors for both youth offending and victimization. In our study, we aimed to compare youth offenders and victims in terms of attachment characteristics, emotion regulation, and mind-reading skills., Methods: This study employed a single-center, cross-sectional, case-control design. Kiddie and Young Adult Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version along with diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, were administered by clinicians. Mind-reading skills were assessed with Reading the Mind in the Eyes task (RMET) and Faces test. Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Short Form (IPPA-SF) were used for assessing attachment and emotion regulation properties., Results: : When we compared the two groups in terms of IPPA-SF, DERS, RMET and Faces test, we found that victimized and offending youth did not differ significantly in terms of attachment to peers and communication/trust domains of parental attachment. Youth offenders and victims differed significantly in terms of DERS- Non-acceptance and Goals both ( P = .031 and .045; respectively). Offending youth scored significantly higher in Non-acceptance, while victimized youth scored significantly higher in Goals., Conclusion: : Offending youth were more alienated from their parents, were experiencing problems with emotional acceptance, and had lower theory of mind and emotion recognition skills compared to victimized youth. Therefore, protective interventions supporting parent-adolescent communication/attachment, as well as emotion recognition/regulation and theory of mind skills of youth, may protect children from both victimization and delinquency., Competing Interests: Declaration of Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (2023 The authors.)

Albendazole is a benzimidazole group drug used alone or in combination with surgery in the treatment of many helminthiasis, especially hydatid cysts. Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction has been reported rarely. Treatment with desensitization has been successfully applied in a few adult patients, however literature information on pediatric patients was not available. Here, we present a pediatric case in which Type 1 reaction occurred due to the use of albendazole during hydatid cyst treatment and undergone desensitization.

Introduction: It is aimed to investigate the relationship between the asymptomatic individiuals with elevated HbA1c and occurrence of polyneuropathy by way of comparison to normoglycemic condition., Methods: The study includes 30 female patients diagnosed with subclinical elevation of HbA1c and 30 normoglycemic healthy female patients who applied to our hospital polyclinics with symptoms other than neuropathy between January-March 2017. Nerve conduction examination is done in these patients, parameters of both groups are compared., Results: In regard to amplitude distribution; when compared to control group, tibial motor and ulnar sensory nerve amplitude is lower than the control group (p<0.05). In peroneal, median and ulnar motor nerves, distal latency values are extended compared to control group (p<0.05). Sural, median and ulnar sensory nerve latency is extended compared to control group. In terms of transmission rate distribution; in sural, median and ulnar sensory nerve, transmission speed is lower compared to the control group (p<0.05)., Conclusions: In asymptomatic cases with subclinical elevation of HbA1c, peripheral nervous system involvement is monitored, and early glycemic control should be provided in order to prevent development of neuropathy in patients., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Turkish Neuropsychiatric Society.)

Objectives: To investigate the amount of effective dose (ED) due to the computed tomography (CT) component of lung perfusion-single-photon emission computed tomography (Q-SPECT)/CT., Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, imaging data were collected from the clinic database for the period 2016-2022. The 327 patients identified were aged between 20 and 94 years. Tube voltage, tube current, pitch, gantry rotation time, volume CT dose index, and dose-length product (DLP) were recorded. The DLP was then converted to an ED using the conversion factors. The comparison of the ED between two groups was performed using the Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test., Results: ED (mean ± standard deviation, mSv) was 1.20±0.70 for the pulmonary embolism (PE) (-) and 1.54±1.04 for the PE (+) cases (p<0.05). It was observed that there was a 28% increase in the ED for the PE (+) cases. In addition, each of the PE (-) and PE (+) cases was divided into two groups according to the use of the computed tomography dose reduction (CTDR): without CTDR protocol group (non-CTDR) and with CTDR protocol group (CTDR). For those groups, ED were obtained as 0.87±0.72 and 1.55±0.47 for PE (-) cases (p<0.05); 1.56±1.17 and 1.49±0.54 for PE (+) cases (p>0.05) correspondingly. For a deeper understanding, ED was calculated for all three groups formed with different tube voltage values applied for the non-CTDR and CTDR groups.There was a 42% decrease in the ED for group 1 PE (+) compared to group 2 PE (+) (1.21±0.28, 2.07±0.91, p<0.05) and there was a 41% decrease in the ED for group 1 PE (-) compared to group 2 PE (-) cases (1.17±0.32, 1.97±0.65, p<0.05)., Conclusion: It could be concluded that the effective DR protocol is the non-CTDR protocol for the PE (-) cases and the application of the tube voltage at the level of 100 kVp for the PE (+) cases., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors., (©Copyright 2023 by the Turkish Society of Nuclear Medicine / Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy published by Galenos Publishing House.)

This research focuses on the production and characterization of pristine polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as well as halloysite nanotube (HNT)-doped PAN ultrafiltration (UF) membranes via the phase inversion technique. Membranes containing 0.1, 0.5, and 1% wt HNT in 16% wt PAN are fabricated, and their chemical compositions are examined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is utilized to characterize the membranes' surface and cross-sectional morphologies. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is employed to assess the roughness of the PAN/HNT membrane. Thermal characterization is conducted using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), while contact angle and water content measurements reveal the hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties. The pure water flux (PWF) performance of the porous UF water filtration membranes is evaluated at 3 bar, with porosity and mean pore size calculations. The iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiencies of PAN/HNT membranes from dam water are examined, and the surfaces of fouled membranes are investigated by using SEM post-treatment. Mechanical characterization encompasses tensile testing, the Mori-Tanaka homogenization approach, and finite element analysis. The findings offer valuable insights into the impact of HNT doping on PAN membrane characteristics and performance, which will inform future membrane development initiatives., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Ketamine is used in medicine because of its anaesthetic and antidepressant effects at low doses. Unfortunately, due to its narcotic effect when used at high doses, its abuse among young people is increasing. It is also one of the most common drugs used in rape. Therefore, there is a need for fast and inexpensive tests that can be performed on-site. With the advancement of nanotechnology, nanoparticle-based approaches have found their place in selective analyses as in many fields. In the developed method, firstly gold nanoparticles were modified with melamine (AuNPs@Mel). Under optimized conditions, hydrogen bonds formed between ketamine and AuNPs@Mel cause the red colour of AuNPs@Mel to shift to blue-purple (i.e. aggregation-induced surface plasmon absorption shift). The association between absorbance and concentration produced a calibration line (curve) having a linearity correlation coefficient of 0.9981 for ketamine concentrations ranging from 4.76 to 47.6 mg L -1 . The detection limit of the proposed method was 1.5 mg L -1 and the RSD (relative standard deviation) values of concentrations were changed ranging from 5.2% to 8.2%. The intra-assay and inter-assay measurements using the suggested method resulted in coefficients of variation (CVs) of 5.7% and 8.5%, respectively. Scan transmission electron microscopy (STEM), UV-vis spectrophotometry and FTIR spectroscopy were used to characterize the synthesized and modified AuNPs. Additionally, the procedure was successfully carried out with some interference materials and a real sample of fetal bovine serum. Lastly, using the Student t-test and F tests, the suggested technique was compared to and confirmed against an LC-MS/MS procedure previously published., (© TÜBİTAK.)

Background: It was aimed to induce a new experimental colitis model by using acetic acid and trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid together and to investigate the severity of inflammation biochemically and histopathologically in comparison with other models., Methods: Fifty-six Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as control, acetic acid, trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid, and combined groups, and the animals were sacrificed following the induction of colitis on the third day and on the seventh day. The serum amyloid A and myeloperoxidase were tested in plasma samples, and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 33, and ST2 were assayed in colon tissue samples with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in addition to histopathological examination., Results: There were statistically significant differences between the combined and the control groups both on the third day and on the seventh day in all parameters. There was no difference between the acetic acid group on the seventh day and the control groups in biochemical parameters., Conclusions: The acetic acid model forms acute colitis. The combined model is found to be more successful in forming inflammation when compared to other models.