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The article analyzes the place and role of changing the knowledge paradigm in the self-deployment of industrial civilization in accordance with the life cycle of the industrial education system; the content of education determines, as it turns out, all other parameters of the teaching and educational process, because it is a product of the development of fundamental science on the one hand, and on the other – determines the state of scientific and technological process on the basis of which there is a revolutionary change in the means of production, which entails a change in the so-called technological structures and poses the problem of compliance of the workforce functional means of production; on the basis of these changes, the global and regional communities have steadily risen along the axis of the evolutionary development of the social world, leaving behind artifacts of culture of one or another historical age on the shelves of the planetary archive; it is argued that two methodological conditions must be used to analyze the dynamics of knowledge change: to apply the civilizational approach and the paradigm of the life cycle of social systems, since this phenomenon has a long-lasting dimension in space and time; it is emphasized that knowledge is the basic and system-forming element of self-deployment of civilization and therefore it can be used (according to Foucault) as a methodological criterion for assessing the quality of life of civilization; the meaning of educational content at each stage of industrial civilization life is distinguished: natural knowledge prevailed at the stage of its origin; at the stage of growth – technical knowledge that corresponded to the essence of civilization itself; at the stage of maturity – scientific knowledge turned into ideologues of social development, which led to the emergence of technocratism and "drove" the planetary community into a dead end; at the stage of decline – technological knowledge led to the loss of mainstream guide of social development and began the catastrophic destruction of the social organism of the planet, which entails a change in the type of civilizational development; the solution is seen in the rise of the planetary community into the space of informational civilization, the transition of education to mastering methodological knowledge corresponds to it.

The waste problem is closely related to the traditional cognition of human waste accepted by the earth, the invention and use of plastics, the industrialization of social economic structure, urbanization and the development of science and technology. Ecologically, waste is the “external input” of ecosystem. From the view of nature, the waste problem can also be attributed to the anti-natural expansion of modern industrial civilization. Waste is also the end of the chain of “science-technology-product-industry-pollution and waste”. Waste is related to the ideology of industrial civilization. It is believed that it is the right of human beings to obtain resources from nature and discard wastes indefinitely. The ecological cost is placed outside the calculation scope of economic development, and nature is regarded as the raw material storehouse and disposal site.

Global changes in the modern world cannot be adequately described on the basis of neoliberal thinking and require a new approach. It can be formed on the basis of the cyclical-wave characterization of the development of mankind. The hypothesis about the wave-like development of the world economy with a certain cyclicity lies at the heart of thisresearch. The authors determined the economic basis of the formation, development and change of these waves (technological ways and technical revolutions). These changes reflect in the cyclical fluctuations of the world economy.The mechanism of these fluctuations is described by the theory of "large cycles of the economic conjuncture" by N. Kondratiev. The authors propose a methodology and methodological tools for analyzing and forecasting cyclic-wave processes in the economic development. The study has concluded that it is the regularities of K-cycles that allow one to correctly assess the ongoing processes in the world economy, to forecast possible variants of their development. The authors came to the conclusion that the development of the world economic structure is necessarily accompanied by a cyclical shift in the instruments of capital accumulation (material and financial expansion). These processes are reflected in the periodic replacement of scientific paradigms of economic development and management. The state always takes an active part in the phase of the dominance of productive capital, and the ideological paradigm is of a directing nature. While in the phase of domination of financial capital the liberal paradigm becomes dominant. We have substantiated the thesis about the transition from the American to the Asian systemic cycle of capital accumulation, which would inevitably lead in the middle of the 21st century to the shift of the center of the world economy from the West to the East. The paper concludes that the world is facing a change from the Monopolistic world economic structure to the Integrated world economic structure. The authors formulated the main contradiction of our present day - the confrontation of the dying Industrial Civilization in the face of the cumulative West and the emerging Information Society. The authors analyzed the main tendencies, problems and possible alternatives to the development of the world economy. It can ensure the development and adoption of political decisions for the most painless transition of Russia to the emerging forms and institutions of the global economy. © 2018 Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The article has been prepared with the support by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the research project No. 18-010-00500).

The paper highlights the fundamental changes in the way of thinking in science and the management practice caused by the transition from the era of industrial civilization to the information civilization. These include the change in the subject of management, i.e. the transition from the management of the organization to the management of joint projects; from the requirement of flexibility from own resources to the ability to use external resources and the departure from the methodological rationality of a decision to the material rationality. The change of management philosophy is particularly evident in the electronic market which sets a new and interesting research area, due to its cognitive appeal resulting from different conditions in comparison to the traditional market, and due to the high dynamics of development. The article is theoretical and its purpose is cognitive. Its subject is a fragment of the author’s concept of the evolution of management in the organizational space. It presents the synthesis of observations on the transformations of the essence of management. To undertake such a research task is motivated by the argument that one of the tasks of management science is to visualize the changes that take place within it, in order to induce the revision of anchored old cognitive patterns inadequate to reality and replace them with new, described by an appropriate conceptual apparatus.

The necessity of the economy and society produced by ecological aesthetics must explain whether the form of human civilization should achieve a new transition from industrial civilization to ecological civilization.

Images are the key for us to sort out modern British history and study the development of early industrial civilization. This paper takes the most classic representative works of those immortal artists in the long river of British art to create a section of immortal history, and review the historical fragments of modern Britain from the painting brush of art masters, and intuitively feel the historical customs, dress etiquette and natural scenery of Britain at that time.

This article examines turn-of-the-twentieth-century US world’s fairs and the postage stamps that were issued in their honor. The fairs celebrated the progress of industrial civilization, in part by anchoring themselves to a historical origin point (such as Columbus’ voyages), and the post office designed the accompanying stamps to commemorate a historical story deemed to be nationally significant. Both the origin point and the history associated with it were located within a time-space matrix defined by prior processes of mapping the national territory and standardizing time reckoning within it. The commemorative stamps were sold on the fairgrounds, where they could be postmarked to locate them precisely in time and space as souvenirs of what would become past events that would have value in the future. These overlain commemorative practices reveal how the raw materials of history—time and space—have to be manipulated before the history-making practices of modern societies can even begin.

This article deals with the relationship between development, creativity, and culture. It is based on the works of Celso Furtado — a Brazilian economist, a member of ECLAC’s first generation of scholars (along with Raul Prebisch), and a notable intellectual of sub-development and development in Brazil and Latin America. For Furtado, economic development is an endogenous social process that leads to human ingenuity and creativity. However, Furtado argued that creativity does not occur haphazardly. It is conditioned by cultural structures that can take two forms: material (means) or immaterial (ends). The former steers creativity toward serving material accumulation and consumption, while the latter guides it toward individuals’ existential way of life. Furtado’s central claim is that, in the “industrial civilization,” such values as rationality and efficiency bring human creativity into the production process.

Diante da pandemia do Novo Coronavírus, muitos foram os problemas levantados pela filosofia a partir do modo “imunitário” com o qual a civilização industrial lidou com a crise, e muito tem sido aventado sobre a necessidade de se repensar o sentido da noção de comunidades de apoio e de resistência. Exemplos disso não faltam; dentre os filósofos que abordaram a crise, encontram-se desde Giorgio Agamben a Paul B. Preciado, entre outros. Neste artigo, pretendemos partir da discussão sobre imunologia e paradigma imunitário em Roberto Espósito para nos perguntar de que modo podemos pensar essa demanda por “comunidade” em meio a uma crise imunitária, no sentido biológico e político do termo. Temos por hipótese que, mais do que postular a oposição exclusiva dos termos, levantar a questão pela articulação deles nos abre dois modos possíveis de relação com a alteridade abissal que encontramos no vírus.

If an industrial civilization had existed on Earth many millions of years prior to our own era, what traces would it have left and would they be detectable today? We summarize the likely geological fingerprint of the Anthropocene, and demonstrate that while clear, it will not differ greatly in many respects from other known events in the geological record. We then propose tests that could plausibly distinguish an industrial cause from an otherwise naturally occurring climate event., Accepted for publication in the International Journal of Astrobiology

The construction of ecological civilization in the harmonious development of man and nature as the basic characteristics, is an inevitable historical development. With the rapid development of industrial civilization today, the construction of ecological civilization is more and more national attention. China of higher education and personnel training has always been the case and the ruling party's governing philosophy is closely related. The higher education is one of the important ways to cultivate highquality youth and society, is the base of cultivating high-quality talents. The concept of ecological governance effect on higher education is relatively large, mainly reflected in the change of education philosophy, education curriculum innovation, innovation and other aspects of teaching methods.

espanolLa cultura es todo, desde la invencion de la maquina hasta la critica de la maquina; puede funcionar como motor del desarrollo sostenible y como actitud consciente en contra del “productivismo extractivista y depredador” o puede llevar en su seno el impulso hacia el consumo sin fin. La edu educacion ambiental que ensena a cuidar el agua y a clasificar en origen es parte de la cultura oficial, pero sus posibilidades de cambiar el rumbo de la civilizacion industrial son infimas. La relacion entre la cultura y el ambiente, y sus posibles influencias, continuara generando espejismos mientras no se acepte que el estado actual del ambiente es un fruto de nuestra cultura EnglishCulture is everything, from the invention of the machine to the criticism of the machine; It can actas an engine of sustainable development and as a conscious barrier to “extractive and predatory productivism” or can foster endless consumption. The environmental education that teaches to take care of the water and to classify in origin is part of the official culture, but its possibilities of changing the course of the industrial civilization are slim. The relationship between culture and the environment, and its possible influences, will continue to generate mirages until it is accepted that the current state of the environment is a result of our culture

International cooperation to address climate change now stands at a crossroads. With a new international regime for emissions reduction established by the Durban Platform, “New Climate Economics (NCE)” has become a research hotspot. The need for urgent action to combat climate change has prompted discussion on reforms of economic growth patterns and the energy system. The industrial civilization, therefore, now faces a transition towards a new pathway for ecological sustainability. NCE explores new economic concepts, theories, and analytical methods to design a balanced pathway for sustainable growth and emission reduction. Instead of getting trapped in discussions on allocation of emission reduction responsibilities and obligations among countries, NCE pays more attention to developing win-win multilateral cooperation mechanisms that facilitate collaborative R&D and knowledge sharing. In addition, NCE studies incentives for low-carbon transition, turning carbon emission reduction into a domestic need for...

This article examines Industrial Design as a profession that supports the modern-capitalist civilization pattern, which has harmful effects on a global level. In response, it states the possible creation of alternatives to coexist with industrial civilization; these alternatives are development-oriented equivalents of Design that have emerged from traditions that difer from the dominant Western traditions, and originated in locations relegated geographically, as well as in hegemonic epistemo-logical locations. The article concludes that the Designs of the South have been present throughout history; time is required to recognize the Designs, to start designing and be designed by them.

Transformation from industrial civilization to ecological civilization requires that people should establish the ecological consciousness that accordance with the requirements of the ecological civilization era. So ecological consciousness should be widely and deeply cultivated in colleges. The implementation of education should follow a rational philosophy thinking mode and the process philosophy provides this paradigm for us. It requires that educators take students' social life as background and guide students to use their rationality, consciously accept and foster the ecological awareness, and guide their owe ecological behavior.

Purpose. Outline the range of problems which are illustrative of modern industrial civilization, reflect its controversial nature and humanity prospects in its conditions. Rapid development of scientific and technical progress gradually, from the late of 60s onwards of XX century become lead to problems realization which scientific and technical progress is generates, lead to understanding that without serious and careful monitoring of its development and necessary philosophical analysis of these problems, there is a danger of "post-human" world formation in future. Methodology . Author uses systemic and analytical research methods. Scientific novelty. Multifaceted approach to designation and analysis of problems was carried out, which faced by modern humanity in conditions of industrial civilization. Practical importance of this work is primarily in that it focuses on the need of speedy, serious and circumspect attention to those problems in future in order to avoid dangers that they hold for humanity. Besides, material which is presented in this article could be used in teaching of social and humanitarian courses. Conclusions. The findings can be summarized in following conceptual issues: scientific and technical progress is a major factor in development of modern industrial civilization. It is generated a large range of problem that requires an understanding of necessity for tight control of technology development. Spontaneous, non-circumspect it further development and use could gradually lead to "posthuman world”. Danger of such scenario must generate the need of more attention, discussion and analysis of already existing problems and take measures that will ensure the survival of humanity in conditions of modern industrial civilization.

Because man is a natural and social being at the same time, the imperatives of protection, conservation and sustainable development of the environment are related to both man’s relationship with nature, of which he is an integral part, and to his relationships with the others concerning the natural elements. The purpose of this article is to point out in a historical perspective, the political, economic and legal measures through which can be provided and, if necessary, redressed the balance and the harmony between human being’s interests and life needs and the need for health, protection and conservation of the Earth. The political, economic, legal strategies concern the state and the plurality of legal concepts that it can establish and maintain: the domestic law, the international legal order and the community order.

Tess of the D’Urbervilles is one of the most famous novels of Thomas Hardy. Tess—the heroine brings us deep inspiration and profound reflection. And the author Thomas Hardy describes the impacts of the industrial civilization on a village panoramically, then Tess as an individual miniature, further shows the people struggle in the plight of the struggle in the material. Tess is difficult to be recognized by the society, which makes her realize the hypocrisy of bourgeois society and the distortion of ethics. Briefly in this paper, the author tries to find out the causes of the tragedy of Tess by analyzing the characteristics of Tess and the male characters in Tess’ life and make people have a better understanding of the literary work.

The rapid development of industrial civilization to a certain extent, caused serious environmental pollution and ecological damage, causing people to come to realize the importance of protecting the ecological environment, the environmental art design gradually infiltrated certain ecological concepts. In this paper, a brief analysis of environmental art design content and ecological concepts on the basis of the basic features, from an ecological point of view on the current environment concept art design of a systematic inquiry, hoping to promote the new era of environmental art design to meet the aesthetic needs of the community basis, can produce certain ecological environmental effects, prompting environmental art and design to achieve the effect of the harmonious development of man and nature.

The report is focused on the transition to a post-industrial civilization, accompanied by super historical, global and local crises. Cultural universals are considered as social institutions that support the continuity and sustainability of social development. For the first time a typology of cultural universals was presented and factors of formation of every type were considered. It was found out that the post-industrial civilization synthesizes all types of universals.

Luigi Pirandello é presença marcante e definitiva na literatura do século XX, como um dos principais representantes do Decadentismo italiano, não somente como dramaturgo, campo em que se destacou mundialmente, mas também com sua significativa e inovadora obra narrativa. O presente trabalho propõe-se a analisar a poética do autor, que destrói a forma de narrar oitocentesca, e tem como temas a fragmentação do sujeito, a alienação e a relatividade da vida moderna, numa crise de tudo o que é absoluto. Para isso analisamos um dos principais romances pirandellianos, Quaderni di Serafino Gubbio operatore, obra que traz suas reflexões sobre a crise do mundo moderno gerada pelo progresso tecnológico trazido pela civilização industrial, que teve como conseqüência a mecanização e a aceleração do ritmo de vida nas grandes metrópoles. O trabalho tem como partes integrantes o que entendemos ser os temas fundamentais da obra: a crise de valores no mundo moderno mecanizado e a invasão da tecnologia no campo das artes, representada pelo cinema. Tomando como base os textos dos principais críticos da obra de Pirandello e daqueles que trataram das mudanças da obra de arte na sociedade industrial, apresentamos considerações que demonstram a preocupação pirandelliana não só com o humano, mas também com o futuro da arte e do teatro numa sociedade alienada pelas máquinas, o que faz do autor um dos maiores pensadores do século XX. Luigi Pirandello is a remarkable and definite presence in the literature of the twenty century, as one of the mainly representative authors of the italian Decadentismo, not only as a dramaturge field in which he is wordly famous but also with his innovative and significant opus. The present work proposes to analyze the authors poetic, that destroy the 19th century prevalent way of work, and it has as theme the fragmentation of the subject, the alienation and the relativity of the modern world, a crisis of everything that is absolute. To prove this point we have analyzed one of the mainly pirandellianos romances, Quaderni di Serafino Gubbio operatore, opus that brings his serious and careful thoughts about crisis in the modern world generated by technological progress brought by industrial civilization that has had as consequence the mechanization and acceleration of the life rhythm in big metropolis. The work contains within something which we understand to be the fundamental themes of his opus: value crisis in the mechanized and modern world and the invasion of technology in the field of arts, represented by the cinema. Taking as basis the texts of Pirandellos mainly critics and the texts of those who treated the changes that had been occurred in the work of arts inside the industrial society, we present considerations that can demonstrate pirandellianas preoccupation, not only with the human being, but also with the future of art and theatre in a society that had been alienated by machines what transforms the author in one of the greatest philosopher of the twenty century.

O presente artigo procura investigar a relação entre arte e política ao discutir os vínculos do movimento surrealista francês, sobretudo a partir da obra de André Breton, com o marxismo, e das vanguardas artísticas e estéticas com os movimentos revolucionários de esquerda. Da mesma forma, apresenta o surrealismo de Breton como conjunção de um “marxismo romântico”, isto é, de uma forma de pensamento fascinado por determinados valores culturais de um passado pré-capitalista que rejeita a racionalidade abstrata da civilização industrial moderna, mas reconhece essa nostalgia como um elemento essencial da luta pela transformação revolucionária do presente.

アメリカの経済史家J．U．ネフは人類の生み出した文明を質の進歩を求める伝統的な文明と量を追求する近代的な文明に二分し, 後者を工業文明と名付け, この文明は16世紀にイギリスの熱エネルギーとしての石炭の採用を契機にして誕生したと提唱した。他方, 工業文明が誕生した16世紀から17世紀中葉の間のイギリスとフランスの美術年表を点検すると, フランスの場合, 西洋美術史において活躍し名を残した画家が連綿と続いているが, イギリスに目を向けるとそこはほとんど空白になっている事実に気付く。その理由の一つがイギリスの工業文明の誕生, 別言すればイギリスの石炭燃料の家庭と製造業での採用と深く関わっていると思われるので, 工業文明を16世紀から17世紀のイギリスとフランスの美術の発展という側面から究明し, 同時にこの文明の発展のためには質的進歩を志向する文明の重視が不可欠な条件であることも明白にしたい。 （英文） J. U. Nef, an American economic historian insisted that there were two kinds of civilization in European history. One is the civilization that pursues the quality, in other words, the beauty. Another is the civilization that pursues the quantity, which leads to mass production. The latter is called the industrial civilization, which was born in the 16th century in England. On the other hand, when we glance over the chronology of English and French art from 1540 to 1640 during which the industrial civilization emerged, we can find the fact that there were a lot of historically important painters in France, but there were no preeminent painters in England. It is possible to relate one of the reasons of the fact with the birth of the industrial civilization, that is, the use of coal at home and for manufacturing in England. In this paper the author attempts to explain the relationship between the rise of the industrial civilization and the development of art in England and France.

A number of interesting parallels concerning the role of aggressiveness in love can be drawn between the implications of Freud’s “Civilization and its Discontents” and those of Lawrence in his novel of ideas Women in Love. Freud’s views on aggression show affinities with Lawrence’s major theme of the doom of western industrial society in his “end-of-the-world” novel. In Women in Love dissolution is shown to be a ubiquitous process in industrial civilization. This is openly stated by Birkin, w...

Tras una inicial aproximación a la génesis del concepto de responsabilidad, génesis en la que se empiezan a percibir algunos de los rasgos del mismo que terminarán por hacerse explícitos en nuestros días, el trabajo se centra en señalar las implicaciones (y, sobre todo, las consecuencias) que tiene adscribir decididamente la responsabilidad a la época moderna y, en concreto, al surgimiento de la civilización industrial. Acaso una de las más importantes sea la de obligarnos a plantear toda una serie de asuntos en conexión necesaria con otro tema-eje del pensamiento moderno, el de la identidad. Junto a dicho tema, en el texto quedan apuntados otros, como el de la justa escala en la que abordar tales asuntos (o, lo que viene a ser lo mismo, el problema de las presuntas responsabilidades colectivas) o el del mal, por citar sólo dos, cuya envergadura puede servir como indicador de la importancia que presenta el concepto de responsabilidad en el pensamiento contemporáneo.

In this article we analyze the epistemologic bonds between the braudelian concept of longue durée and its particular interpretation of the history of civilizations. The work consists of three epigraphs: «Continuity and discontinuity of the civilizations»; «Uniformity and diversity of civilizations» (where we pay special attention to the reflections of Femand Braudel around the industrial civilization, the national civilizations or the Marxist civilization) and «The triple mechanism of the braudelian definition of civilization: the cultural area, the loan and the repulse». In the final balance the author of this article assures that the concept civilization hides itself one catoptric structure that makes the diffuse image of the historian always appear reflected and, in this sense, Braudel did not constitute an exception.En este artículo se analizan los vínculos epistemológicos existentes entre el concepto braudeliano de «longue durée» y su particular interpretación de la historia de las civilizaciones. El trabajo consta de tres epígrafes: «Continuidad y discontinuidad de las civilizaciones»; «Uniformidad y diversidad de las civilizaciones» (en donde se presta especial atención a las reflexiones de Femand Braudel en tomo a la civilización industrial, las civilizaciones nacionales o la civilización marxista) y «El triple mecanismo de la definición braudeliana de civilización: el área cultural, el préstamo y la repulsa». En el balance final el autor del artículo asegura que el concepto de civilización oculta tras de sí una estructura catóptrica que hace que la imagen difusa del historiador aparezca siempre reflejada y que Braudel, en este sentido, no constituyó una excepción.

In the mid-1970s, the phrase “small is beautiful” became a counterculture slogan against the industrial threat to the environment and the scarcity of resources. Arguing against excessive materialism and meaningless growth, the late Dr. Ernest Friedrich Schumacher—the author of Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered, promoted the use of small-scale technology to benefit both humankind and the environment. As an economist trained in a market-oriented discipline, his thinking evolved from believing that large-scale technology could be salvation for industrial civilization to believing that large-scale technology is the root of degrading human beings and the environment.

Environmental Dispute Coordination in the Teshima Island Industrial Waste Case was concluded between the appellants and Kagawa prefecture on June 6, 2000.This dispute originated from 1975, caused a long time involvement and endurance upon the life of Teshima-islanders. However their governance and involvement toward this man-made calamity should continue even after the waste problems were completely removed and resolved.We made a historical database covering from 1975 to 2002 using original data sources of the islanders, concerning historical events and series, management and governance activities and manpower involvements.In this thesis, we show the comprehensive historical calendar of the quality events and series, and also quantitative events, which affected the islander's management and governance.For the events and series analysis we use Input-Throughput-Output Analysis by R. Deacon, where one process affects the next one by negative or positive feedback.We also show the results of the aggregated manpower analysis and their contents, which can easily make us understand the islander's physical endurance level and socially heavy costs. This thesis shows us the process and the quantity and quality levels of the democratic governavility, and also endogenous empowerment development with external high professional supports.

With the arrival of the 20 th century, the industrial civilization enters a critical stage in its development. The blind chase of material wealth has resulted in more and more social problems. Furthermore, when Christian faith was wiped out along with the pastoral living style, a spiritual wasteland is resulted. Desperation becomes an incurable modern disease. As a responsible novelist, Lawrence attempts to find a cure to this modern disease. This paper explores the social, religious and emotional implications of the depictions of natural scenes in Sons and Lovers , and concludes that nature appears in this novel as a salvation force against the industrial distortion of human nature.

В данной работе рассматривается концепция достойного человеческого существования как социальный идеал общества индустриальной эпохи. Изучается ее развитие в дореволюционной России и взаимосвязь с процессами модернизации и развитием российского конституционализма. This paper considers the concept of decent human existence as a social ideal of society of the industrial age. We study its development in pre-revolutionary Russia and the relationship with the processes of modernization of the country and development of Russian constitutionalism.

Under the attack of industrial civilization the indigenous peoples of the Far North are liable to become involved in the competition for resources according to the laws of the market economy. If they do so they will inevitably pass from traditional use of natural resources to industrial use, and become economically and so culturally and genetically assimilated, with disastrous consequences for them and the environment. The development of a legal basis for the preservation of the indigenous peoples of the Far North must avoid a number of dangers: that the struggle to preserve ethnic integrity will be displaced by a struggle over priority in the right to use natural resources, with elements in the industrial civilization using indigenous peoples as tools to achieve their own interests; that indigenous peoples will destroy their natural resources for quick gain; of lumpenization of indigenous peoples; of their involvement in the criminalization of Russian society; of excessive concentration on the pr...

As any American with a newly purchased computer can attest, rapid technological change is both inevitable and unpredictable in modern, urban-industrial societies. Patterns of rapid change seem inherently modernist and international at first glance, a twentieth-century by-product of economic competition, social upheavals, and the clash of arms around the globe. They also appear to be confined to the most eco nomically advanced nations or regions, those having long passed the frontier or for mative stage of development. This brief study of the Gold Rush provides a broader historical view of techno logical change. It looks at changing patterns of technology in one region on the fringes of Euro-American industrial civilization, initially isolated but rapidly inter nationalized and altered in ways neither predictable nor invariably progressive. What it finds are similar forces at work, and similar consequences, whether in postmod ernist California, 150 years beyond its Argonaut heritage, or in frontier California during the 1840s and 1850s. The legacy of the Gold Rush lives still in cities and in dustries that benefited from mining technology, and in the attitudes, lifestyles, and material culture of modern Californians.