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7. The potential impacts of early secreted antigenic target of 6 kDa (ESAT-6) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on KSHV-infected cells

Author

Dai, Lu, Jung, Bock-Gie, Chen, Jungang, Samten, Buka, Forrest, J. Craig, Post, Steven R., and Qin, Zhiqiang

Subjects
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral, Antigens, Bacterial, Virulence Factors, viruses, virus diseases, Endothelial Cells, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Virus Replication, Article, Bacterial Proteins, Cell Line, Tumor, Herpesvirus 8, Human, Humans, Virus Activation, Lung, Sarcoma, Kaposi, Cells, Cultured
Abstract

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) causes several human cancers, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and primary effusion lymphoma, which are mostly seen in immunocompromised patients, such as human immunodefeciency virus (HIV)+ individuals. Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. The risk of developing TB is dramatically higher in people living with HIV than among those without HIV infection. Case reports link cutaneous or pulmonary KS in HIV+ patients with mycobacterial co-infections, however, impacts of Mtb infection or its products on KSHV-infected cells are not known. We report here that ESAT-6, a secreted Mtb virulence factor, induces viral reactivation from KSHV-infected cells. KSHV-infected pulmonary endothelial cells were resistant to ESAT-6 induced inhibition of cell growth. Our data demonstrate that Mtb virulence factors influence the biology of KSHV-infected cells, highlighting the need to study the interactions between these two pathogens commonly found in people living with HIV.

Published
2020

8. Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae enhances immune activities and increases survivability of broiler chicks against experimental infection of Salmonella Gallinarum

Author

LEE, Jina, KIM, Yun-Mi, PARK, Young-Kyu, YANG, Young-Cheol, JUNG, Bock-Gie, and LEE, Bong-Joo

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Salmonella Infections, Animal, animal structures, animal diseases, Immunology, broiler chicks, Note, black soldier fly, Animal Feed, immune response, Salmonella Gallinarum, Animals, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, Simuliidae, Chickens, Poultry Diseases
Abstract

Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) are rich in protein and have the potential to be used in animal feed. The aim of the present study was to determine the immunoprophylactic effect of BSFL against Salmonella Gallinarum in broiler chicks as an alternative feed additive. Results showed that BSFL improved body weight gain and increased frequency of CD4+ T lymphocyte, serum lysozyme activity, and spleen lymphocyte proliferation. Moreover, BSFL reinforced bacterial clearance and increased survivability of broiler chicks against S. Gallinarum. These data suggested that BSFL has prophylactic properties with stimulating non-specific immune responses, as well as reduced bacterial burden against S. Gallinarum.

Published
2018

10. Proliferative regulation of alveolar epithelial type 2 progenitor cells by human Scnn1d gene

Author

Zhao, Runzhen, primary, Ali, Gibran, additional, Chang, Jianjun, additional, Komatsu, Satoshi, additional, Tsukasaki, Yoshikazu, additional, Nie, Hong-Guang, additional, Chang, Yongchang, additional, Zhang, Mo, additional, Liu, Yang, additional, Jain, Krishan, additional, Jung, Bock-Gie, additional, Samten, Buka, additional, Jiang, Dianhua, additional, Liang, Jiurong, additional, Ikebe, Mitsuo, additional, Matthay, Michael A., additional, and Ji, Hong-Long, additional

Published
2019
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11. Comparison of Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics Between Canine Non-B, Non-T Natural Killer Lymphocytes and CD3+CD5dimCD21− Cytotoxic Large Granular Lymphocytes

Author

Lee, Soo-Hyeon, primary, Shin, Dong-Jun, additional, Kim, Yoseop, additional, Kim, Cheol-Jung, additional, Lee, Je-Jung, additional, Yoon, Mee Sun, additional, Uong, Tung Nguyen Thanh, additional, Yu, Dohyeon, additional, Jung, Ji-Youn, additional, Cho, Duck, additional, Jung, Bock-Gie, additional, Kim, Sang-Ki, additional, and Suh, Guk-Hyun, additional

Published
2018
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25. Nasally delivered chitosan-coated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) encapsulating honeybee venom enhances T helper 1-related immunity against Salmonella Typhimurium infection in pigs.

Author

Lee J, Jung BG, and Lee BJ

Abstract

Objective: Salmonella Typhimurium is a significant zoonotic concern for human food poisoning and a substantial economic burden in the swine industry. We previously reported that nasally delivered chitosan-coated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) encapsulating honeybee venom (CP-HBV) could enhance CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1)-related immune responses in healthy pigs. Building upon these findings, the current study aimed to investigate the protective immune enhancement by nasally delivered CP-HBV in pigs challenged with S Typhimurium., Animals: 36 healthy, 4-week-old, female, Landrace X Yorkshire X Duroc pigs., Methods: 36 pigs were allocated into 3 groups: CP-HBV (n = 16), control (n = 16), and healthy baseline control (n = 4). CP-HBV and control groups were challenged with S Typhimurium 7 days post-treatment. Pigs from the healthy control group were sacrificed at 0 days postinfection (DPI), and 4 pigs from each of the control and CP-HBV groups were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, and 7 DPI. Salmonella shedding, immune cell frequencies, cytokines, and transcriptional factor expression levels were measured., Results: The CP-HBV group exhibited lower bacterial shedding and an enhanced Th1-related immune response characterized by an upregulation of CD4+ T cells and CD4+ Interferon-γ+ T cells, accompanied by increased expression of Th1-related cytokines and reduced expression of regulatory T cells and immunosuppressive cytokines compared to the control group., Clinical Relevance: CP-HBV is a promising strategy for controlling Salmonella infections in pigs and improving public health.

Published
2024
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26. Comparison of Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics Between Canine Non-B, Non-T Natural Killer Lymphocytes and CD3 + CD5 dim CD21 - Cytotoxic Large Granular Lymphocytes.

Author

Lee SH, Shin DJ, Kim Y, Kim CJ, Lee JJ, Yoon MS, Uong TNT, Yu D, Jung JY, Cho D, Jung BG, Kim SK, and Suh GH

Subjects
Animals, CD3 Complex genetics, CD5 Antigens genetics, Cell Differentiation, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, Dogs, Granzymes immunology, Interferon-gamma immunology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear immunology, NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K genetics, NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K immunology, Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 3 genetics, Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 3 immunology, Phenotype, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta genetics, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta genetics, Receptors, Complement 3d genetics, T-Box Domain Proteins genetics, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Killer Cells, Natural classification, Killer Cells, Natural immunology
Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in the immune response against infections and malignant transformation, and adopted transfer of NK cells is thought to be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer patients. Previous reports describing the phenotypic features of canine NK cells have produced inconsistent results. Canine NK cells are still defined as non-B and non-T (CD3 - CD21 - ) large granular lymphocytes. However, a few reports have demonstrated that canine NK cells share the phenotypic characteristics of T lymphocytes, and that CD3 + CD5 dim CD21 - lymphocytes are putative canine NK cells. Based on our previous reports, we hypothesized that phenotypic modulation could occur between these two populations during activation. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic and functional differences between CD3 + CD5 dim CD21 - (cytotoxic large granular lymphocytes) and CD3 - CD5 - CD21 - NK lymphocytes before and after culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from normal dogs. The results of this study show that CD3 + CD5 dim CD21 - lymphocytes can be differentiated into non-B, non-T NK (CD3 - CD5 - CD21 - TCRαβ - TCRγδ - GranzymeB + ) lymphocytes through phenotypic modulation in response to cytokine stimulation. In vitro studies of purified CD3 + CD5 dim CD21 - cells showed that CD3 - CD5 - CD21 - cells are derived from CD3 + CD5 dim CD21 - cells through phenotypic modulation. CD3 + CD5 dim CD21 - cells share more NK cell functional characteristics compared with CD3 - CD5 - CD21 - cells, including the expression of T-box transcription factors (Eomes, T-bet), the production of granzyme B and interferon-γ, and the expression of NK cell-related molecular receptors such as NKG2D and NKp30. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that CD3 + CD5 dim CD21 - and CD3 - CD5 - CD21 - cells both contain a subset of putative NK cells, and the difference between the two populations may be due to the degree of maturation.

Published
2018
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