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1. Introducing the Extinction Gambling Task

Author

Maier, Maximilian, Harris, Adam, Kellen, David, and Singmann, Henrik

Subjects
Psychology, Decision making, Reasoning, Computational Modeling, Mathematical modeling
Abstract

Decisions about extinction risks are ubiquitous in everyday life and for our continued existence as a species. We introduce a new risky-choice task that can be used to study this topic: The Extinction Gambling Task. Here, we investigate two versions of this task: a Keep variant, where participants cannot accumulate any more earnings after the extinction event, and a Lose variant, where extinction also wipes out all previous earnings. We derive optimal solutions for both variants and compare them to behavioural data. Our findings suggest that people understand the difference between the two variants and their behaviour is qualitatively in line with the optimal solution. Further, we find evidence for risk-aversion in the Keep condition but not in the Lose condition. We hope that this task can facilitate further research on this vital topic.

Published
2024

2. DE-PASS best evidence statement (BESt): determinants of adolescents’ device-based physical activity and sedentary behaviour in settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Kolovelonis, Athanasios, Syrmpas, Ioannis, Marcuzzi, Anna, Khudair, Mohammed, Ng, Kwok, Tempest, Gavin Daniel, Peric, Ratko, Bartoš, František, Maier, Maximilian, Brandes, Mirko, Carlin, Angela, Ciaccioni, Simone, Cortis, Cristina, Corvino, Chiara, Di Credico, Andrea, Drid, Patrik, Gallè, Francesca, Izzicupo, Pascal, Jahre, Henriette, Kongsvold, Atle, Kouidi, Evangelia, Mork, Paul Jarle, Palumbo, Federico, Rumbold, Penny Louise Sheena, Sandu, Petru, Stavnsbo, Mette, Vilela, Sofia, Woods, Catherine, Wunsch, Kathrin, Capranica, Laura, MacDonncha, Ciaran, and Ling, Fiona Chun Man

Published
2024
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3. Initiator-free photo-crosslinkable cellulose-based resists for fabricating submicron patterns via direct laser writing

Author

Rothammer, Maximilian, Meiers, Dominic T., Maier, Maximilian, von Freymann, Georg, and Zollfrank, Cordt

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Novel bifunctional cellulose diacetate derivatives were synthesized in order to achieve bio-based photoresists, which can be structured by two-photon absorption via direct laser writing (DLW) without the need to use a photoinitiator. Therefore, cellulose diacetate is functionalized with thiol moieties and olefinic or methacrylic side groups enabling thiol-conjugated crosslinking. These cellulose derivatives are also photo-crosslinkable via UV irradiation ($\lambda$ = 254 nm and 365 nm) without using an initiator.

Published
2022
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4. Utilizing the sensitization effect for direct laser writing in a novel photoresist based on the chitin monomer N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

Author

Meiers, Dominic T., Rothammer, Maximilian, Maier, Maximilian, Zollfrank, Cordt, and von Freymann, Georg

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

The great flexibility of direct laser writing arises from the possibility to fabricate precise three-dimensional structures on very small scales as well as the broad range of applicable materials. However, there is still a vast number of promising materials which are currently inaccessible requiring the continuous development of novel photoresists. Here, a new bio-sourced resist is reported which relies on the monomeric unit of chitin, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, expanding the existing plant-based biopolymer resists by a bio-based monomer from the animal kingdom. In addition it is shown that combined use of two photoinitiators is advantageous over the use of a single one. In our approach, the first photoinitator is a good two-photon absorber at the applied wavelength, while the second photoinitiator exhibits poor two-photon absorbtion abilities, but is better suited for crosslinking of the monomer. The first photoinitiator absorbs the light acting as a sensitizer and transfers the energy to the second initiator, which subsequently forms a radical and initializes the polymerization. This sensitization effect enables a new route to utilize reactive photointiators with a small two-photon absorption cross-section for direct laser writing without changing their chemical structure.

Published
2022

5. Footprint of publication selection bias on meta-analyses in medicine, environmental sciences, psychology, and economics

Author

Bartoš, František, Maier, Maximilian, Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan, Nippold, Franziska, Doucouliagos, Hristos, Ioannidis, John P. A., Otte, Willem M., Sladekova, Martina, Deresssa, Teshome K., Bruns, Stephan B., Fanelli, Daniele, and Stanley, T. D.

Subjects
Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Publication selection bias undermines the systematic accumulation of evidence. To assess the extent of this problem, we survey over 68,000 meta-analyses containing over 700,000 effect size estimates from medicine (67,386/597,699), environmental sciences (199/12,707), psychology (605/23,563), and economics (327/91,421). Our results indicate that meta-analyses in economics are the most severely contaminated by publication selection bias, closely followed by meta-analyses in environmental sciences and psychology, whereas meta-analyses in medicine are contaminated the least. After adjusting for publication selection bias, the median probability of the presence of an effect decreased from 99.9% to 29.7% in economics, from 98.9% to 55.7% in psychology, from 99.8% to 70.7% in environmental sciences, and from 38.0% to 29.7% in medicine. The median absolute effect sizes (in terms of standardized mean differences) decreased from d = 0.20 to d = 0.07 in economics, from d = 0.37 to d = 0.26 in psychology, from d = 0.62 to d = 0.43 in environmental sciences, and from d = 0.24 to d = 0.13 in medicine.

Published
2022
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7. Towards improved understanding of mass transport in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysers

Author

Maier, Maximilian

Abstract

The advent of a global societal and governmental movement to curb climate change has put low-carbon technologies at the centre stage of public interest and scientific efforts. In the wake of rising concerns around the carbon footprint of personal mobility and the energy sector, the concept of a 'Hydrogen Economy' has experienced yet another rapid spur of popularity. Polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysers (PEMWEs) are a promising candidate for large-scale hydrogen production, and improvements in the technology have led to increasingly high operational current densities exceeding 2 A cm-2, which requires adequate mass transport strategies to ensure sufficient supply of reactant and removal of products. Optimization and diagnosis of mass transport processes in PEMWEs has long been neglected despite its significance, but the amount of scientific literature has recently increased sharply. This thesis uses existing diagnostic tools to gather new insights into the processes within PEMWE flow channels and liquid-gas diffusion layers, aims at providing new low-cost diagnostic tools to accelerate the investigation of mass transport processes, and consequently deduces novel approaches to the design of PEMWEs components, cells, and stacks. Neutron and X-ray imaging are used to demonstrate the effect of liquid-gas diffusion layer microstructure on the water-gas distribution in a PEMWE, revealing significant inhomogeneity across the active area. Due to cost and accessibility issues around radiation imaging, acoustic methods are explored as alternative diagnostic tools. Acoustic emission is successfully demonstrated as an operando technique to monitor two-phase flow in the flow channels, detecting the transition from bubbly to slug flow. Bubbly flow is observed at the onset of electrochemical activity and low current densities, with a high number of small bubbles, while at higher current densities these small bubbles coalesce and form larger slug bubbles. Lastly, acoustic time-of-flight imaging is used to monitor the water-gas distribution in the liquid-gas diffusion layer and the flow channels, with results being consistent with expectations and previous results obtained via neutron imaging.

Published
2021

10. DE-PASS Best Evidence Statement (BESt): Determinants of self-report physical activity and sedentary behaviours in children in settings: A systematic review and meta-analyses.

Author

Ling, Fiona C. M., Khudair, Mohammed, Ng, Kwok, Tempest, Gavin D., Peric, Ratko, Bartoš, František, Maier, Maximilian, Brandes, Mirko, Carlin, Angela, Ciaccioni, Simone, Cortis, Cristina, Corvino, Chiara, Di Credico, Andrea, Drid, Patrik, Gallè, Francesca, Izzicupo, Pascal, Jahre, Henriette, Kolovelonis, Athanasios, Kongsvold, Atle, and Kouidi, Evangelia

Subjects
SEDENTARY behavior, PUBLICATION bias, DATA extraction, SELF-evaluation, RESEARCH personnel
Abstract

Previous physical activity interventions for children (5-12yrs) have aimed to change determinants associated with self-report physical activity behaviour (PAB) and/or sedentary behaviour (SB), however, the associations between these determinants and PAB/SB in different settings are uncertain. The present study aimed to identify modifiable determinants targeted in previous PAB/SB interventions for children. Intervention effects on the determinants and their associations with self-report PAB/SB were assessed across settings. Search of relevant interventions from pre-defined databases was conducted up to July 2023. Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with modifiable determinants were included. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments were conducted by two independent researchers. Where data could be pooled, we performed Robust Bayesian meta-analyses. Heterogeneity, publication bias and certainty of evidence were assessed. Fifteen studies were deemed eligible to be included. Thirty-seven unique determinants within four settings were identified–school, family, school with family/home, and community with(out) other settings. Ninety-eight percent of determinants belonged to individual/interpersonal determinant categories. Narratively, intervention effects on student perception of teachers' behaviour (school), self-management, perceived barriers, external motivation, exercise intention, parental modeling on SB (school with family/home) and MVPA expectations (community) were weak to strong, however, corresponding PAB/SB change was not evident. There were negligible effects for all other determinants and the corresponding PAB/SB. Meta-analyses on self-efficacy, attitude, subjective norm and parental practice and PAB/SB in two settings showed weak to strong evidence against intervention effect, while the effect on knowledge could not be determined. Similarly, publication bias and heterogeneity for most analyses could not be ascertained. We found no concrete evidence of association between the modifiable determinants and self-report PAB/SB in any settings. This is presumably due to intervention ineffectiveness. Design of future interventions should consider to follow the systems-based approach and identify determinants unique to the context of a setting, including policy and environmental determinants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. The Replication Database: Documenting the Replicability of Psychological Science

Author

Röseler, Lukas, Kaiser, Leonard, Doetsch, Christopher, Klett, Noah, Seida, Christian, Schütz, Astrid, Aczel, Balazs, Adelina, Nadia, Agostini, Valeria, Alarie, Samuel, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Aldoh, Alaa, Al-Hoorie, Ali H., Azevedo, Flavio, Baker, Bradley J., Barth, Charlotte Lilian, Beitner, Julia, Brick, Cameron, Brohmer, Hilmar, Chandrashekar, Subramanya Prasad, Chung, Kai Li, Cockcroft, Jamie P., Cummins, Jamie, Diveica, Veronica, Dumbalska, Tsvetomira, Efendic, Emir, Elsherif, Mahmoud, Evans, Thomas, Feldman, Gilad, Fillon, Adrien, Förster, Nico, Frese, Joris, Genschow, Oliver, Giannouli, Vaitsa, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gnambs, Timo, Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Amélie, Graham, Christopher J., Hartmann, Helena, Haviva, Clove, Herderich, Alina, Hilbert, Leon P., Holgado, Darías, Hussey, Ian, Ilchovska, Zlatomira G., Kalandadze, Tamara, Karhulahti, Veli-Matti, Kasseckert, Leon, Klingelhöfer-Jens, Maren, Koppold, Alina, Korbmacher, Max, Kulke, Louisa, Kuper, Niclas, Laplume, Annalise, Leech, Gavin, Lohkamp, Feline, Lou, Nigel Mantou, Lynott, Dermot, Maier, Maximilian, Meier, Maria, Montefinese, Maria, Moreau, David, Mrkva, Kellen, Nemcova, Monika, Oomen, Danna, Packheiser, Julian, Pandey, Shubham, Papenmeier, Frank, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlov, Yuri G., Pavlović, Zoran, Pennington, Charlotte R., Pittelkow, Merle-Marie, Plomp, Willemijn, Plonski, Paul E., Pronizius, Ekaterina, Pua, Andrew Adrian, Pypno-Blajda, Katarzyna, Rausch, Manuel, Rebholz, Tobias R., Richert, Elena, Röer, Jan Philipp, Ross, Robert, Schmidt, Kathleen, Skvortsova, Aleksandrina, Sperl, Matthias F. J., Tan, Alvin W. M., Thürmer, J. Lukas, Tołopiło, Aleksandra, Vanpaemel, Wolf, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Verheyen, Steven, Wallrich, Lukas, Weber, Lucia, Wolska, Julia K., Zaneva, Mirela, Zhang, Yikang, Röseler, Lukas, Kaiser, Leonard, Doetsch, Christopher, Klett, Noah, Seida, Christian, Schütz, Astrid, Aczel, Balazs, Adelina, Nadia, Agostini, Valeria, Alarie, Samuel, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Aldoh, Alaa, Al-Hoorie, Ali H., Azevedo, Flavio, Baker, Bradley J., Barth, Charlotte Lilian, Beitner, Julia, Brick, Cameron, Brohmer, Hilmar, Chandrashekar, Subramanya Prasad, Chung, Kai Li, Cockcroft, Jamie P., Cummins, Jamie, Diveica, Veronica, Dumbalska, Tsvetomira, Efendic, Emir, Elsherif, Mahmoud, Evans, Thomas, Feldman, Gilad, Fillon, Adrien, Förster, Nico, Frese, Joris, Genschow, Oliver, Giannouli, Vaitsa, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gnambs, Timo, Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Amélie, Graham, Christopher J., Hartmann, Helena, Haviva, Clove, Herderich, Alina, Hilbert, Leon P., Holgado, Darías, Hussey, Ian, Ilchovska, Zlatomira G., Kalandadze, Tamara, Karhulahti, Veli-Matti, Kasseckert, Leon, Klingelhöfer-Jens, Maren, Koppold, Alina, Korbmacher, Max, Kulke, Louisa, Kuper, Niclas, Laplume, Annalise, Leech, Gavin, Lohkamp, Feline, Lou, Nigel Mantou, Lynott, Dermot, Maier, Maximilian, Meier, Maria, Montefinese, Maria, Moreau, David, Mrkva, Kellen, Nemcova, Monika, Oomen, Danna, Packheiser, Julian, Pandey, Shubham, Papenmeier, Frank, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlov, Yuri G., Pavlović, Zoran, Pennington, Charlotte R., Pittelkow, Merle-Marie, Plomp, Willemijn, Plonski, Paul E., Pronizius, Ekaterina, Pua, Andrew Adrian, Pypno-Blajda, Katarzyna, Rausch, Manuel, Rebholz, Tobias R., Richert, Elena, Röer, Jan Philipp, Ross, Robert, Schmidt, Kathleen, Skvortsova, Aleksandrina, Sperl, Matthias F. J., Tan, Alvin W. M., Thürmer, J. Lukas, Tołopiło, Aleksandra, Vanpaemel, Wolf, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Verheyen, Steven, Wallrich, Lukas, Weber, Lucia, Wolska, Julia K., Zaneva, Mirela, and Zhang, Yikang

Abstract

In psychological science, replicability—repeating a study with a new sample achieving consistent results (Parsons et al., 2022)—is critical for affirming the validity of scientific findings. Despite its importance, replication efforts are few and far between in psychological science with many attempts failing to corroborate past findings. This scarcity, compounded by the difficulty in accessing replication data, jeopardizes the efficient allocation of research resources and impedes scientific advancement. Addressing this crucial gap, we present the Replication Database (https://forrt-replications.shinyapps.io/fred_explorer), a novel platform hosting 1,239 original findings paired with replication findings. The infrastructure of this database allows researchers to submit, access, and engage with replication findings. The database makes replications visible, easily findable via a graphical user interface, and tracks replication rates across various factors, such as publication year or journal. This will facilitate future efforts to evaluate the robustness of psychological research.

Published
2024

13. DE-PASS best evidence statement (BESt): determinants of adolescents’ device-based physical activity and sedentary behaviour in settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Kolovelonis, Athanasio, Syrmpas, Ioanni, Marcuzzi, Anna, Khudair, Mohammed, Ng, Kwok, Tempest, Gavin Daniel, Peric, Ratko, Bartoš, František, Maier, Maximilian, Brandes, Mirko, Carlin, Angela, Ciaccioni, Simone, Cortis, Cristina, Corvino, Chiara, Di Credico, Andrea, Drid, Patrik, Gallè, Francesca, Izzicupo, Pascal, Jahre, Henriette, Kongsvold, Atle, Kouidi, Evangelia, Mork, Paul Jarle, Palumbo, Federico, Rumbold, Penny Louise Sheena, Sandu, Petru, Stavnsbo, Mette, Vilela, Sofia, Woods, Catherine, Wunsch, Kathrin, Capranica, Laura, Macdonncha, Ciaran, Ling, Fiona Chun Man, Null, Null, Corvino, Chiara (ORCID:0000-0002-3909-7618), Kolovelonis, Athanasio, Syrmpas, Ioanni, Marcuzzi, Anna, Khudair, Mohammed, Ng, Kwok, Tempest, Gavin Daniel, Peric, Ratko, Bartoš, František, Maier, Maximilian, Brandes, Mirko, Carlin, Angela, Ciaccioni, Simone, Cortis, Cristina, Corvino, Chiara, Di Credico, Andrea, Drid, Patrik, Gallè, Francesca, Izzicupo, Pascal, Jahre, Henriette, Kongsvold, Atle, Kouidi, Evangelia, Mork, Paul Jarle, Palumbo, Federico, Rumbold, Penny Louise Sheena, Sandu, Petru, Stavnsbo, Mette, Vilela, Sofia, Woods, Catherine, Wunsch, Kathrin, Capranica, Laura, Macdonncha, Ciaran, Ling, Fiona Chun Man, Null, Null, and Corvino, Chiara (ORCID:0000-0002-3909-7618)

Abstract

BackgroundAlthough physical activity (PA) is associated with significant health benefits, only a small percentage of adolescents meet recommended PA levels. This systematic review with meta-analysis explored the modifiable determinants of adolescents' device-based PA and/or sedentary behaviour (SB), evaluated in previous interventions and examined the associations between PA/SB and these determinants in settings.MethodsA search was conducted on five electronic databases, including papers published from January 2010 to July 2023. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) or Controlled Trials (CTs) measuring adolescents' device-based PA/SB and their modifiable determinants at least at two time points: pre- and post-intervention were considered eligible. PA/SB and determinants were the main outcomes. Modifiable determinants were classified after data extraction adopting the social-ecological perspective. Robust Bayesian meta-analyses (RoBMA) were performed per each study setting. Outcomes identified in only one study were presented narratively. The risk of bias for each study and the certainty of the evidence for each meta-analysis were evaluated. The publication bias was also checked. PROSPERO ID: CRD42021282874.ResultsFourteen RCTs (eight in school, three in school and family, and one in the family setting) and one CT (in the school setting) were included. Fifty-four modifiable determinants were identified and were combined into 33 broader determinants (21 individual-psychological, four individual-behavioural, seven interpersonal, and one institutional). RoBMAs revealed none or negligible pooled intervention effects on PA/SB or determinants in all settings. The certainty of the evidence of the impact of interventions on outcomes ranged from very low to low. Narratively, intervention effects in favour of the experimental group were detected in school setting for the determinants: knowledge of the environment for practicing PA, d = 1.84, 95%CI (1.48, 2.20), behaviour change

Published
2024

14. Footprint of publication selection bias on meta-analyses in medicine, environmental sciences, psychology, and economics

Author

Projectafdeling KIND, Brain, Bartoš, František, Maier, Maximilian, Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan, Nippold, Franziska, Doucouliagos, Hristos, Ioannidis, John P A, Otte, Willem M, Sladekova, Martina, Deresssa, Teshome K, Bruns, Stephan B, Fanelli, Daniele, Stanley, T D, Projectafdeling KIND, Brain, Bartoš, František, Maier, Maximilian, Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan, Nippold, Franziska, Doucouliagos, Hristos, Ioannidis, John P A, Otte, Willem M, Sladekova, Martina, Deresssa, Teshome K, Bruns, Stephan B, Fanelli, Daniele, and Stanley, T D

Published
2024

16. Insights into the accuracy of social scientists’ forecasts of societal change

Author

Grossmann, Igor, Rotella, Amanda, Hutcherson, Cendri A., Sharpinskyi, Konstantyn, Varnum, Michael E. W., Achter, Sebastian, Dhami, Mandeep K., Guo, Xinqi Evie, Kara-Yakoubian, Mane, Mandel, David R., Raes, Louis, Tay, Louis, Vie, Aymeric, Wagner, Lisa, Adamkovic, Matus, Arami, Arash, Arriaga, Patrícia, Bandara, Kasun, Baník, Gabriel, Bartoš, František, Baskin, Ernest, Bergmeir, Christoph, Białek, Michał, Børsting, Caroline K., Browne, Dillon T., Caruso, Eugene M., Chen, Rong, Chie, Bin-Tzong, Chopik, William J., Collins, Robert N., Cong, Chin Wen, Conway, Lucian G., Davis, Matthew, Day, Martin V., Dhaliwal, Nathan A., Durham, Justin D., Dziekan, Martyna, Elbaek, Christian T., Shuman, Eric, Fabrykant, Marharyta, Firat, Mustafa, Fong, Geoffrey T., Frimer, Jeremy A., Gallegos, Jonathan M., Goldberg, Simon B., Gollwitzer, Anton, Goyal, Julia, Graf-Vlachy, Lorenz, Gronlund, Scott D., Hafenbrädl, Sebastian, Hartanto, Andree, Hirshberg, Matthew J., Hornsey, Matthew J., Howe, Piers D. L., Izadi, Anoosha, Jaeger, Bastian, Kačmár, Pavol, Kim, Yeun Joon, Krenzler, Ruslan, Lannin, Daniel G., Lin, Hung-Wen, Lou, Nigel Mantou, Lua, Verity Y. Q., Lukaszewski, Aaron W., Ly, Albert L., Madan, Christopher R., Maier, Maximilian, Majeed, Nadyanna M., March, David S., Marsh, Abigail A., Misiak, Michal, Myrseth, Kristian Ove R., Napan, Jaime M., Nicholas, Jonathan, Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos, O, Jiaqing, Otterbring, Tobias, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pauer, Shiva, Protzko, John, Raffaelli, Quentin, Ropovik, Ivan, Ross, Robert M., Roth, Yefim, Røysamb, Espen, Schnabel, Landon, Schütz, Astrid, Seifert, Matthias, Sevincer, A. T., Sherman, Garrick T., Simonsson, Otto, Sung, Ming-Chien, Tai, Chung-Ching, Talhelm, Thomas, Teachman, Bethany A., Tetlock, Philip E., Thomakos, Dimitrios, Tse, Dwight C. K., Twardus, Oliver J., Tybur, Joshua M., Ungar, Lyle, Vandermeulen, Daan, Vaughan Williams, Leighton, Vosgerichian, Hrag A., Wang, Qi, Wang, Ke, Whiting, Mark E., Wollbrant, Conny E., Yang, Tao, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, Yoon, Sangsuk, Alves, Ventura R., Andrews-Hanna, Jessica R., Bloom, Paul A., Boyles, Anthony, Charis, Loo, Choi, Mingyeong, Darling-Hammond, Sean, Ferguson, Z. E., Kaiser, Cheryl R., Karg, Simon T., Ortega, Alberto López, Mahoney, Lori, Marsh, Melvin S., Martinie, Marcellin F. R. C., Michaels, Eli K., Millroth, Philip, Naqvi, Jeanean B., Ng, Weiting, Rutledge, Robb B., Slattery, Peter, Smiley, Adam H., Strijbis, Oliver, Sznycer, Daniel, Tsukayama, Eli, van Loon, Austin, Voelkel, Jan G., Wienk, Margaux N. A., Wilkening, Tom, Collaborative, The Forecasting, Organizational Psychology, Social Psychology, IBBA, Research Group: Economics, Department of Economics, Department of Social Psychology, Department of Finance, and The Forecasting Collaborative [Member of the MPIB: Anton Gollwitzer]

Subjects
Inequality, cohesion and modernization, Behavioral Neuroscience, Social Psychology, SDG 5 - Gender Equality, IMPLICIT, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Ongelijkheid, cohesie en modernisering, ATTITUDES, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities
Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext How well can social scientists predict societal change, and what processes underlie their predictions? To answer these questions, we ran two forecasting tournaments testing the accuracy of predictions of societal change in domains commonly studied in the social sciences: ideological preferences, political polarization, life satisfaction, sentiment on social media, and gender–career and racial bias. After we provided them with historical trend data on the relevant domain, social scientists submitted pre-registered monthly forecasts for a year (Tournament 1; N = 86 teams and 359 forecasts), with an opportunity to update forecasts on the basis of new data six months later (Tournament 2; N = 120 teams and 546 forecasts). Benchmarking forecasting accuracy revealed that social scientists' forecasts were on average no more accurate than those of simple statistical models (historical means, random walks or linear regressions) or the aggregate forecasts of a sample from the general public (N = 802). However, scientists were more accurate if they had scientific expertise in a prediction domain, were interdisciplinary, used simpler models and based predictions on prior data. 18 p.

Published
2023
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17. Recycling of perfluorosulfonic acid-based membranes and their Re-application in PEM fuel cells

Author

Kutter, Maximilian, primary, Greve, Christopher, additional, Maier, Maximilian, additional, Schilling, Monja, additional, Mauel, Anika, additional, Hilgert, Annika, additional, Hoffmann, Hendrik, additional, Hagemeier, Wiebke, additional, Rosin, Andreas, additional, Muggli, Mark, additional, Zeis, Roswitha, additional, Senker, Jürgen, additional, Böhm, Thomas, additional, Herzig, Eva M., additional, Gerdes, Thorsten, additional, and Roth, Christina, additional

Published
2023
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19. A many-analysts approach to the relation between religiosity and well-being

Author

Hoogeveen, Suzanne, Sarafoglou, Alexandra, Aczel, Balazs, Aditya, Yonathan, Alayan, Alexandra J., Allen, Peter J., Altay, Sacha, Alzahawi, Shilaan, Amir, Yulmaida, Anthony, Francis-Vincent, Appiah, Obed Kwame, Atkinson, Quentin D., Baimel, Adam, Balkaya-Ince, Merve, Balsamo, Michela, Banker, Sachin, Bartos, Frantisek, Becerra, Mario, Beffara, Bertrand, Beitner, Julia, Bendixen, Theiss, Berkessel, Jana B., Berniunas, Renatas, Billet, Matthew, Billingsley, Joseph, Bortolini, Tiago, Breitsohl, Heiko, Bret, Amelie, Brown, Faith L., Brown, Jennifer, Brumbaugh, Claudia C., Buczny, Jacek, Bulbulia, Joseph, Caballero, Saul, Carlucci, Leonardo, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Cattaneo, Marco E. G., Charles, Sarah J., Claessens, Scott, Panagopoulos, Maxinne C., Costa, Angelo Brandelli, Crone, Damien L., Czoschke, Stefan, Czymara, Christian, D'Urso, E. Damiano, Dahlstrom, Orjan, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Danielsson, Henrik, De Ron, Jill, de Vries, Ymkje Anna, Dean, Kristy K., Dik, Bryan J., Disabato, David J., Doherty, Jaclyn K., Draws, Tim, Drouhot, Lucas, Dujmovic, Marin, Dunham, Yarrow, Ebert, Tobias, Edelsbrunner, Peter A., Eerland, Anita, Elbaek, Christian T., Farahmand, Shole, Farahmand, Hooman, Farias, Miguel, Feliccia, Abrey A., Fischer, Kyle, Fischer, Ronald, Fisher-Thompson, Donna, Francis, Zoe, Frick, Susanne, Frisch, Lisa K., Geraldes, Diogo, Gerdin, Emily, Geven, Linda, Ghasemi, Omid, Gielens, Erwin, Gligoric, Vukasin, Hagel, Kristin, Hajdu, Nandor, Hamilton, Hannah R., Hamzah, Imaduddin, Hanel, Paul H. P., Hawk, Christopher E., Himawan, Karel K., Holding, Benjamin C., Homman, Lina E., Ingendahl, Moritz, Inkila, Hilla, Inman, Mary L., Islam, Chris-Gabriel, Isler, Ozan, Izydorczyk, David, Jaeger, Bastian, Johnson, Kathryn A., Jong, Jonathan, Karl, Johannes A., Kaszubowski, Erikson, Katz, Benjamin A., Keefer, Lucas A., Kelchtermans, Stijn, Kelly, John M., Klein, Richard A., Kleinberg, Bennett, Knowles, Megan L., Kolczynska, Marta, Koller, Dave, Krasko, Julia, Kritzler, Sarah, Krypotos, Angelos-Miltiadis, Kyritsis, Thanos, Landes, Todd L., Laukenmann, Ruben, Forsyth, Guy A. Lavender, Lazar, Aryeh, Lehman, Barbara J., Levy, Neil, Lo, Ronda F., Lodder, Paul, Lorenz, Jennifer, Lowicki, Pawel, Ly, Albert L., Maassen, Esther, Magyar-Russell, Gina M., Maier, Maximilian, Marsh, Dylan R., Martinez, Nuria, Martinie, Marcellin, Martoyo, Ihan, Mason, Susan E., Mauritsen, Anne Lundahl, McAleer, Phil, McCauley, Thomas, McCullough, Michael, McKay, Ryan, McMahon, Camilla M., McNamara, Amelia A., Means, Kira K., Mercier, Brett, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Monin, Benoit, Moon, Jordan W., Moreau, David, Morgan, Jonathan, Murphy, James, Muscatt, George, Nagel, Christof, Nagy, Tamas, Nalborczyk, Ladislas, Nilsonne, Gustav, Noack, Pamina, Norenzayan, Ara, Nuijten, Michele B., Olsson-Collentine, Anton, Oviedo, Lluis, Pavlov, Yuri G., Pawelski, James O., Pearson, Hannah, Pedder, Hugo, Peetz, Hannah K., Pinus, Michael, Pirutinsky, Steven, Polito, Vince, Porubanova, Michaela, Poulin, Michael J., Prenoveau, Jason M., Prince, Mark A., Protzko, John, Pryor, Campbell, Purzycki, Benjamin G., Qiu, Lin, Putter, Julian Quevedo, Rabelo, Andre, Radell, Milen L., Ramsay, Jonathan E., Reid, Graham, Roberts, Andrew J., Luna, Lindsey M. Root, Ross, Robert M., Roszak, Piotr, Roy, Nirmal, Saarelainen, Suvi-Maria K., Sasaki, Joni Y., Schaumans, Catherine, Schivinski, Bruno, Schmitt, Marcel C., Schnitker, Sarah A., Schnuerch, Martin, Schreiner, Marcel R., Schuttengruber, Victoria, Sebben, Simone, Segerstrom, Suzanne C., Seryczynska, Berenika, Shjoedt, Uffe, Simsek, Muge, Sleegers, Willem W. A., Smith, Eliot R., Sowden, Walter J., Spath, Marion, Sporlein, Christoph, Stedden, William, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., Stuber, Simon, Sulik, Justin, Suwartono, Christiany, Syropoulos, Stylianos, Szaszi, Barnabas, Szecsi, Peter, Tappin, Ben M., Tay, Louis, Thibault, Robert T., Thompson, Burt, Thurn, Christian M., Torralba, Josefa, Tuthill, Shelby D., Ullein, Ann-Marie, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Cappellen, Patty, van den Akker, Olmo R., Van der Cruyssen, Ine, Van der Noll, Jolanda, van Dongen, Noah N. N., Van Lissa, Caspar J., van Mulukom, Valerie, van Ravenzwaaij, Don, van Zyl, Casper J. J., Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Verschuere, Bruno, Vianello, Michelangelo, Vilanova, Felipe, Vishkin, Allon, Vogel, Vera, Vogelsmeier, Leonie V. D. E., Watanabe, Shoko, White, Cindel J. M., Wiebels, Kristina, Wiechert, Sera, Willett, Zachary Z., Witkowiak, Maciej, Witvliet, Charlotte V. O., Wiwad, Dylan, Wuyts, Robin, Xygalatas, Dimitris, Yang, Xin, Yeo, Darren J., Yilmaz, Onurcan, Zarzeczna, Natalia, Zhao, Yitong, Zijlmans, Josjan, van Elk, Michiel, Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan, Hoogeveen, Suzanne, Sarafoglou, Alexandra, Aczel, Balazs, Aditya, Yonathan, Alayan, Alexandra J., Allen, Peter J., Altay, Sacha, Alzahawi, Shilaan, Amir, Yulmaida, Anthony, Francis-Vincent, Appiah, Obed Kwame, Atkinson, Quentin D., Baimel, Adam, Balkaya-Ince, Merve, Balsamo, Michela, Banker, Sachin, Bartos, Frantisek, Becerra, Mario, Beffara, Bertrand, Beitner, Julia, Bendixen, Theiss, Berkessel, Jana B., Berniunas, Renatas, Billet, Matthew, Billingsley, Joseph, Bortolini, Tiago, Breitsohl, Heiko, Bret, Amelie, Brown, Faith L., Brown, Jennifer, Brumbaugh, Claudia C., Buczny, Jacek, Bulbulia, Joseph, Caballero, Saul, Carlucci, Leonardo, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Cattaneo, Marco E. G., Charles, Sarah J., Claessens, Scott, Panagopoulos, Maxinne C., Costa, Angelo Brandelli, Crone, Damien L., Czoschke, Stefan, Czymara, Christian, D'Urso, E. Damiano, Dahlstrom, Orjan, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Danielsson, Henrik, De Ron, Jill, de Vries, Ymkje Anna, Dean, Kristy K., Dik, Bryan J., Disabato, David J., Doherty, Jaclyn K., Draws, Tim, Drouhot, Lucas, Dujmovic, Marin, Dunham, Yarrow, Ebert, Tobias, Edelsbrunner, Peter A., Eerland, Anita, Elbaek, Christian T., Farahmand, Shole, Farahmand, Hooman, Farias, Miguel, Feliccia, Abrey A., Fischer, Kyle, Fischer, Ronald, Fisher-Thompson, Donna, Francis, Zoe, Frick, Susanne, Frisch, Lisa K., Geraldes, Diogo, Gerdin, Emily, Geven, Linda, Ghasemi, Omid, Gielens, Erwin, Gligoric, Vukasin, Hagel, Kristin, Hajdu, Nandor, Hamilton, Hannah R., Hamzah, Imaduddin, Hanel, Paul H. P., Hawk, Christopher E., Himawan, Karel K., Holding, Benjamin C., Homman, Lina E., Ingendahl, Moritz, Inkila, Hilla, Inman, Mary L., Islam, Chris-Gabriel, Isler, Ozan, Izydorczyk, David, Jaeger, Bastian, Johnson, Kathryn A., Jong, Jonathan, Karl, Johannes A., Kaszubowski, Erikson, Katz, Benjamin A., Keefer, Lucas A., Kelchtermans, Stijn, Kelly, John M., Klein, Richard A., Kleinberg, Bennett, Knowles, Megan L., Kolczynska, Marta, Koller, Dave, Krasko, Julia, Kritzler, Sarah, Krypotos, Angelos-Miltiadis, Kyritsis, Thanos, Landes, Todd L., Laukenmann, Ruben, Forsyth, Guy A. Lavender, Lazar, Aryeh, Lehman, Barbara J., Levy, Neil, Lo, Ronda F., Lodder, Paul, Lorenz, Jennifer, Lowicki, Pawel, Ly, Albert L., Maassen, Esther, Magyar-Russell, Gina M., Maier, Maximilian, Marsh, Dylan R., Martinez, Nuria, Martinie, Marcellin, Martoyo, Ihan, Mason, Susan E., Mauritsen, Anne Lundahl, McAleer, Phil, McCauley, Thomas, McCullough, Michael, McKay, Ryan, McMahon, Camilla M., McNamara, Amelia A., Means, Kira K., Mercier, Brett, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Monin, Benoit, Moon, Jordan W., Moreau, David, Morgan, Jonathan, Murphy, James, Muscatt, George, Nagel, Christof, Nagy, Tamas, Nalborczyk, Ladislas, Nilsonne, Gustav, Noack, Pamina, Norenzayan, Ara, Nuijten, Michele B., Olsson-Collentine, Anton, Oviedo, Lluis, Pavlov, Yuri G., Pawelski, James O., Pearson, Hannah, Pedder, Hugo, Peetz, Hannah K., Pinus, Michael, Pirutinsky, Steven, Polito, Vince, Porubanova, Michaela, Poulin, Michael J., Prenoveau, Jason M., Prince, Mark A., Protzko, John, Pryor, Campbell, Purzycki, Benjamin G., Qiu, Lin, Putter, Julian Quevedo, Rabelo, Andre, Radell, Milen L., Ramsay, Jonathan E., Reid, Graham, Roberts, Andrew J., Luna, Lindsey M. Root, Ross, Robert M., Roszak, Piotr, Roy, Nirmal, Saarelainen, Suvi-Maria K., Sasaki, Joni Y., Schaumans, Catherine, Schivinski, Bruno, Schmitt, Marcel C., Schnitker, Sarah A., Schnuerch, Martin, Schreiner, Marcel R., Schuttengruber, Victoria, Sebben, Simone, Segerstrom, Suzanne C., Seryczynska, Berenika, Shjoedt, Uffe, Simsek, Muge, Sleegers, Willem W. A., Smith, Eliot R., Sowden, Walter J., Spath, Marion, Sporlein, Christoph, Stedden, William, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., Stuber, Simon, Sulik, Justin, Suwartono, Christiany, Syropoulos, Stylianos, Szaszi, Barnabas, Szecsi, Peter, Tappin, Ben M., Tay, Louis, Thibault, Robert T., Thompson, Burt, Thurn, Christian M., Torralba, Josefa, Tuthill, Shelby D., Ullein, Ann-Marie, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Cappellen, Patty, van den Akker, Olmo R., Van der Cruyssen, Ine, Van der Noll, Jolanda, van Dongen, Noah N. N., Van Lissa, Caspar J., van Mulukom, Valerie, van Ravenzwaaij, Don, van Zyl, Casper J. J., Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Verschuere, Bruno, Vianello, Michelangelo, Vilanova, Felipe, Vishkin, Allon, Vogel, Vera, Vogelsmeier, Leonie V. D. E., Watanabe, Shoko, White, Cindel J. M., Wiebels, Kristina, Wiechert, Sera, Willett, Zachary Z., Witkowiak, Maciej, Witvliet, Charlotte V. O., Wiwad, Dylan, Wuyts, Robin, Xygalatas, Dimitris, Yang, Xin, Yeo, Darren J., Yilmaz, Onurcan, Zarzeczna, Natalia, Zhao, Yitong, Zijlmans, Josjan, van Elk, Michiel, and Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan

Abstract

The relation between religiosity and well-being is one of the most researched topics in the psychology of religion, yet the directionality and robustness of the effect remains debated. Here, we adopted a many-analysts approach to assess the robustness of this relation based on a new cross-cultural dataset (N = 10, 535 participants from 24 countries). We recruited 120 analysis teams to investigate (1) whether religious people self-report higher well-being, and (2) whether the relation between religiosity and self-reported well-being depends on perceived cultural norms of religion (i.e., whether it is considered normal and desirable to be religious in a given country). In a two-stage procedure, the teams first created an analysis plan and then executed their planned analysis on the data. For the first research question, all but 3 teams reported positive effect sizes with credible/confidence intervals excluding zero (median reported beta = 0.120). For the second research question, this was the case for 65% of the teams (median reported beta = 0.039). While most teams applied (multilevel) linear regression models, there was considerable variability in the choice of items used to construct the independent variables, the dependent variable, and the included covariates.

Published
2023

26. Introduction to Surface Avatar: the First Heterogeneous Robotic Team to be Commanded with Scalable Autonomy from the ISS

Author

Lii, Neal Yi-Sheng, Schmaus, Peter, Leidner, Daniel, Krueger, Thomas, Grenouilleau, Jessica, Pereira, Aaron, Giuliano, Angelo, Bauer, Adrian Simon, Köpken, Anne, Lay, Florian Samuel, Sewtz, Marco, Bechtel, Nicolai, Bustamante Gomez, Samuel, Denninger, Maximilian, Friedl, Werner, Butterfass, Jörg, Ferreira, Edmundo, Gherghescu, Andrei, Chupin, Thibaud, den Exter, Emiel, Gerdes, Levin, Panzirsch, Michael, Singh, Harsimran, Balachandrand, Ribin, Hulin, Thomas, Gumpert, Thomas, Schmidt, Annika, Seidel, Daniel, Hermann, Milan, Maier, Maximilian, Burger, Robert, Schmidt, Florian, Weber, Bernhard, Bayer, Ralph, Pleintinger, Benedikt, Holderried, Roman, Pavelski, Pedro Henrique, Wedler, Armin, von Dombrowski, Stefan, Maurer, Hansjörg, Görner, Martin, Wüsthoff, Tilo, Bertone, Serena, Müller, Thomas, Söllner, Gerd, Ehrhardt, Christian, Brunetti, Lucia, Holl, Linda, Bévan, Mairead, Muehlbauer, Robert, Visentin, Gianfranco, and Albu-Schäffer, Alin

Subjects
Robotic Team Collaboration, Telepresence, Multimodal User Interface, Supervised Autonomy, Space Teleoperation, Scalable Autonomy
Published
2022

27. DE-PASS Best Evidence Statement (BESt): modifiable determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents aged 5–19 years–a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Khudair, Mohammed, primary, Marcuzzi, Anna, additional, Ng, Kwok, additional, Tempest, Gavin Daniel, additional, Bartoš, František, additional, Peric, Ratko, additional, Maier, Maximilian, additional, Beccia, Flavia, additional, Boccia, Stefania, additional, Brandes, Mirko, additional, Cardon, Greet, additional, Carlin, Angela, additional, Castagna, Carolina, additional, Chaabene, Helmi, additional, Chalkley, Anna, additional, Ciaccioni, Simone, additional, Cieślińska-Świder, Joanna, additional, Čingienė, Vilma, additional, Cortis, Cristina, additional, Corvino, Chiara, additional, de Geus, Eco JC, additional, Di Baldassarre, Angela, additional, Di Credico, Andrea, additional, Drid, Patrik, additional, Fernández Tarazaga, Rosa Ma, additional, Gallè, Francesca, additional, García Sánchez, Esther, additional, Gebremariam, Mekdes, additional, Ghinassi, Barbara, additional, Goudas, Marios, additional, Hayes, Grainne, additional, Honorio, Samuel, additional, Izzicupo, Pascal, additional, Jahre, Henriette, additional, Jelsma, Judith, additional, Juric, Petra, additional, Kolovelonis, Athanasios, additional, Kongsvold, Atle, additional, Kouidi, Evangelia, additional, Mansergh, Fiona, additional, Masanovic, Bojan, additional, Mekonnen, Teferi, additional, Mork, Paul Jarle, additional, Murphy, Marie, additional, O’Hara, Kelly, additional, Torun, Ayse Ozbil, additional, Palumbo, Federico, additional, Popovic, Stevo, additional, Prieske, Olaf, additional, Puharic, Zrinka, additional, Ribeiro, José Carlos, additional, Rumbold, Penny Louise Sheena, additional, Sandu, Petru, additional, Sorić, Maroje, additional, Stavnsbo, Mette, additional, Syrmpas, Ioannis, additional, van der Ploeg, Hidde P, additional, Van Hoye, Aurélie, additional, Vilela, Sofia, additional, Woods, Catherine, additional, Wunsch, Kathrin, additional, Capranica, Laura, additional, MacDonncha, Ciaran, additional, and Ling, Fiona Chun Man, additional

Published
2022
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30. Justify Your Alpha: A Primer on Two Practical Approaches

Author

Maier, Maximilian, Lakens, Daniël, Maier, Maximilian, and Lakens, Daniël

Abstract

The default use of an alpha level of.05 is suboptimal for two reasons. First, decisions based on data can be made more efficiently by choosing an alpha level that minimizes the combined Type 1 and Type 2 error rate. Second, it is possible that in studies with very high statistical power, p values lower than the alpha level can be more likely when the null hypothesis is true than when the alternative hypothesis is true (i.e., Lindley’s paradox). In this article, we explain two approaches that can be used to justify a better choice of an alpha level than relying on the default threshold of.05. The first approach is based on the idea to either minimize or balance Type 1 and Type 2 error rates. The second approach lowers the alpha level as a function of the sample size to prevent Lindley’s paradox. An R package and Shiny app are provided to perform the required calculations. Both approaches have their limitations (e.g., the challenge of specifying relative costs and priors) but can offer an improvement to current practices, especially when sample sizes are large. The use of alpha levels that are better justified should improve statistical inferences and can increase the efficiency and informativeness of scientific research.

Published
2022

31. A many-analysts approach to the relation between religiosity and well-being

Author

Hoogeveen, Suzanne, Sarafoglou, Alexandra, Aczel, Balazs, Aditya, Yonathan, Alayan, Alexandra J., Allen, Peter J., Altay, Sacha, Alzahawi, Shilaan, Amir, Yulmaida, Anthony, Francis-Vincent, Appiah, Obed Kwame, Atkinson, Quentin D., Baimel, Adam, Balkaya-Ince, Merve, Balsamo, Michela, Banker, Sachin, Bartos, Frantisek, Becerra, Mario, Beffara, Bertrand, Beitner, Julia, Bendixen, Theiss, Berkessel, Jana B., Berniunas, Renatas, Billet, Matthew, Billingsley, Joseph, Bortolini, Tiago, Breitsohl, Heiko, Bret, Amelie, Brown, Faith L., Brown, Jennifer, Brumbaugh, Claudia C., Buczny, Jacek, Bulbulia, Joseph, Caballero, Saul, Carlucci, Leonardo, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Cattaneo, Marco E. G., Charles, Sarah J., Claessens, Scott, Panagopoulos, Maxinne C., Costa, Angelo Brandelli, Crone, Damien L., Czoschke, Stefan, Czymara, Christian, D'Urso, E. Damiano, Dahlstrom, Orjan, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Danielsson, Henrik, De Ron, Jill, de Vries, Ymkje Anna, Dean, Kristy K., Dik, Bryan J., Disabato, David J., Doherty, Jaclyn K., Draws, Tim, Drouhot, Lucas, Dujmovic, Marin, Dunham, Yarrow, Ebert, Tobias, Edelsbrunner, Peter A., Eerland, Anita, Elbaek, Christian T., Farahmand, Shole, Farahmand, Hooman, Farias, Miguel, Feliccia, Abrey A., Fischer, Kyle, Fischer, Ronald, Fisher-Thompson, Donna, Francis, Zoe, Frick, Susanne, Frisch, Lisa K., Geraldes, Diogo, Gerdin, Emily, Geven, Linda, Ghasemi, Omid, Gielens, Erwin, Gligoric, Vukasin, Hagel, Kristin, Hajdu, Nandor, Hamilton, Hannah R., Hamzah, Imaduddin, Hanel, Paul H. P., Hawk, Christopher E., Himawan, Karel K., Holding, Benjamin C., Homman, Lina E., Ingendahl, Moritz, Inkila, Hilla, Inman, Mary L., Islam, Chris-Gabriel, Isler, Ozan, Izydorczyk, David, Jaeger, Bastian, Johnson, Kathryn A., Jong, Jonathan, Karl, Johannes A., Kaszubowski, Erikson, Katz, Benjamin A., Keefer, Lucas A., Kelchtermans, Stijn, Kelly, John M., Klein, Richard A., Kleinberg, Bennett, Knowles, Megan L., Kolczynska, Marta, Koller, Dave, Krasko, Julia, Kritzler, Sarah, Krypotos, Angelos-Miltiadis, Kyritsis, Thanos, Landes, Todd L., Laukenmann, Ruben, Forsyth, Guy A. Lavender, Lazar, Aryeh, Lehman, Barbara J., Levy, Neil, Lo, Ronda F., Lodder, Paul, Lorenz, Jennifer, Lowicki, Pawel, Ly, Albert L., Maassen, Esther, Magyar-Russell, Gina M., Maier, Maximilian, Marsh, Dylan R., Martinez, Nuria, Martinie, Marcellin, Martoyo, Ihan, Mason, Susan E., Mauritsen, Anne Lundahl, McAleer, Phil, McCauley, Thomas, McCullough, Michael, McKay, Ryan, McMahon, Camilla M., McNamara, Amelia A., Means, Kira K., Mercier, Brett, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Monin, Benoit, Moon, Jordan W., Moreau, David, Morgan, Jonathan, Murphy, James, Muscatt, George, Nagel, Christof, Nagy, Tamas, Nalborczyk, Ladislas, Nilsonne, Gustav, Noack, Pamina, Norenzayan, Ara, Nuijten, Michele B., Olsson-Collentine, Anton, Oviedo, Lluis, Pavlov, Yuri G., Pawelski, James O., Pearson, Hannah, Pedder, Hugo, Peetz, Hannah K., Pinus, Michael, Pirutinsky, Steven, Polito, Vince, Porubanova, Michaela, Poulin, Michael J., Prenoveau, Jason M., Prince, Mark A., Protzko, John, Pryor, Campbell, Purzycki, Benjamin G., Qiu, Lin, Putter, Julian Quevedo, Rabelo, Andre, Radell, Milen L., Ramsay, Jonathan E., Reid, Graham, Roberts, Andrew J., Luna, Lindsey M. Root, Ross, Robert M., Roszak, Piotr, Roy, Nirmal, Saarelainen, Suvi-Maria K., Sasaki, Joni Y., Schaumans, Catherine, Schivinski, Bruno, Schmitt, Marcel C., Schnitker, Sarah A., Schnuerch, Martin, Schreiner, Marcel R., Schuttengruber, Victoria, Sebben, Simone, Segerstrom, Suzanne C., Seryczynska, Berenika, Shjoedt, Uffe, Simsek, Muge, Sleegers, Willem W. A., Smith, Eliot R., Sowden, Walter J., Spath, Marion, Sporlein, Christoph, Stedden, William, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., Stuber, Simon, Sulik, Justin, Suwartono, Christiany, Syropoulos, Stylianos, Szaszi, Barnabas, Szecsi, Peter, Tappin, Ben M., Tay, Louis, Thibault, Robert T., Thompson, Burt, Thurn, Christian M., Torralba, Josefa, Tuthill, Shelby D., Ullein, Ann-Marie, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Cappellen, Patty, van den Akker, Olmo R., Van der Cruyssen, Ine, Van der Noll, Jolanda, van Dongen, Noah N. N., Van Lissa, Caspar J., van Mulukom, Valerie, van Ravenzwaaij, Don, van Zyl, Casper J. J., Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Verschuere, Bruno, Vianello, Michelangelo, Vilanova, Felipe, Vishkin, Allon, Vogel, Vera, Vogelsmeier, Leonie V. D. E., Watanabe, Shoko, White, Cindel J. M., Wiebels, Kristina, Wiechert, Sera, Willett, Zachary Z., Witkowiak, Maciej, Witvliet, Charlotte V. O., Wiwad, Dylan, Wuyts, Robin, Xygalatas, Dimitris, Yang, Xin, Yeo, Darren J., Yilmaz, Onurcan, Zarzeczna, Natalia, Zhao, Yitong, Zijlmans, Josjan, van Elk, Michiel, Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan, Hoogeveen, Suzanne, Sarafoglou, Alexandra, Aczel, Balazs, Aditya, Yonathan, Alayan, Alexandra J., Allen, Peter J., Altay, Sacha, Alzahawi, Shilaan, Amir, Yulmaida, Anthony, Francis-Vincent, Appiah, Obed Kwame, Atkinson, Quentin D., Baimel, Adam, Balkaya-Ince, Merve, Balsamo, Michela, Banker, Sachin, Bartos, Frantisek, Becerra, Mario, Beffara, Bertrand, Beitner, Julia, Bendixen, Theiss, Berkessel, Jana B., Berniunas, Renatas, Billet, Matthew, Billingsley, Joseph, Bortolini, Tiago, Breitsohl, Heiko, Bret, Amelie, Brown, Faith L., Brown, Jennifer, Brumbaugh, Claudia C., Buczny, Jacek, Bulbulia, Joseph, Caballero, Saul, Carlucci, Leonardo, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Cattaneo, Marco E. G., Charles, Sarah J., Claessens, Scott, Panagopoulos, Maxinne C., Costa, Angelo Brandelli, Crone, Damien L., Czoschke, Stefan, Czymara, Christian, D'Urso, E. Damiano, Dahlstrom, Orjan, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Danielsson, Henrik, De Ron, Jill, de Vries, Ymkje Anna, Dean, Kristy K., Dik, Bryan J., Disabato, David J., Doherty, Jaclyn K., Draws, Tim, Drouhot, Lucas, Dujmovic, Marin, Dunham, Yarrow, Ebert, Tobias, Edelsbrunner, Peter A., Eerland, Anita, Elbaek, Christian T., Farahmand, Shole, Farahmand, Hooman, Farias, Miguel, Feliccia, Abrey A., Fischer, Kyle, Fischer, Ronald, Fisher-Thompson, Donna, Francis, Zoe, Frick, Susanne, Frisch, Lisa K., Geraldes, Diogo, Gerdin, Emily, Geven, Linda, Ghasemi, Omid, Gielens, Erwin, Gligoric, Vukasin, Hagel, Kristin, Hajdu, Nandor, Hamilton, Hannah R., Hamzah, Imaduddin, Hanel, Paul H. P., Hawk, Christopher E., Himawan, Karel K., Holding, Benjamin C., Homman, Lina E., Ingendahl, Moritz, Inkila, Hilla, Inman, Mary L., Islam, Chris-Gabriel, Isler, Ozan, Izydorczyk, David, Jaeger, Bastian, Johnson, Kathryn A., Jong, Jonathan, Karl, Johannes A., Kaszubowski, Erikson, Katz, Benjamin A., Keefer, Lucas A., Kelchtermans, Stijn, Kelly, John M., Klein, Richard A., Kleinberg, Bennett, Knowles, Megan L., Kolczynska, Marta, Koller, Dave, Krasko, Julia, Kritzler, Sarah, Krypotos, Angelos-Miltiadis, Kyritsis, Thanos, Landes, Todd L., Laukenmann, Ruben, Forsyth, Guy A. Lavender, Lazar, Aryeh, Lehman, Barbara J., Levy, Neil, Lo, Ronda F., Lodder, Paul, Lorenz, Jennifer, Lowicki, Pawel, Ly, Albert L., Maassen, Esther, Magyar-Russell, Gina M., Maier, Maximilian, Marsh, Dylan R., Martinez, Nuria, Martinie, Marcellin, Martoyo, Ihan, Mason, Susan E., Mauritsen, Anne Lundahl, McAleer, Phil, McCauley, Thomas, McCullough, Michael, McKay, Ryan, McMahon, Camilla M., McNamara, Amelia A., Means, Kira K., Mercier, Brett, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Monin, Benoit, Moon, Jordan W., Moreau, David, Morgan, Jonathan, Murphy, James, Muscatt, George, Nagel, Christof, Nagy, Tamas, Nalborczyk, Ladislas, Nilsonne, Gustav, Noack, Pamina, Norenzayan, Ara, Nuijten, Michele B., Olsson-Collentine, Anton, Oviedo, Lluis, Pavlov, Yuri G., Pawelski, James O., Pearson, Hannah, Pedder, Hugo, Peetz, Hannah K., Pinus, Michael, Pirutinsky, Steven, Polito, Vince, Porubanova, Michaela, Poulin, Michael J., Prenoveau, Jason M., Prince, Mark A., Protzko, John, Pryor, Campbell, Purzycki, Benjamin G., Qiu, Lin, Putter, Julian Quevedo, Rabelo, Andre, Radell, Milen L., Ramsay, Jonathan E., Reid, Graham, Roberts, Andrew J., Luna, Lindsey M. Root, Ross, Robert M., Roszak, Piotr, Roy, Nirmal, Saarelainen, Suvi-Maria K., Sasaki, Joni Y., Schaumans, Catherine, Schivinski, Bruno, Schmitt, Marcel C., Schnitker, Sarah A., Schnuerch, Martin, Schreiner, Marcel R., Schuttengruber, Victoria, Sebben, Simone, Segerstrom, Suzanne C., Seryczynska, Berenika, Shjoedt, Uffe, Simsek, Muge, Sleegers, Willem W. A., Smith, Eliot R., Sowden, Walter J., Spath, Marion, Sporlein, Christoph, Stedden, William, Stoevenbelt, Andrea H., Stuber, Simon, Sulik, Justin, Suwartono, Christiany, Syropoulos, Stylianos, Szaszi, Barnabas, Szecsi, Peter, Tappin, Ben M., Tay, Louis, Thibault, Robert T., Thompson, Burt, Thurn, Christian M., Torralba, Josefa, Tuthill, Shelby D., Ullein, Ann-Marie, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Cappellen, Patty, van den Akker, Olmo R., Van der Cruyssen, Ine, Van der Noll, Jolanda, van Dongen, Noah N. N., Van Lissa, Caspar J., van Mulukom, Valerie, van Ravenzwaaij, Don, van Zyl, Casper J. J., Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Verschuere, Bruno, Vianello, Michelangelo, Vilanova, Felipe, Vishkin, Allon, Vogel, Vera, Vogelsmeier, Leonie V. D. E., Watanabe, Shoko, White, Cindel J. M., Wiebels, Kristina, Wiechert, Sera, Willett, Zachary Z., Witkowiak, Maciej, Witvliet, Charlotte V. O., Wiwad, Dylan, Wuyts, Robin, Xygalatas, Dimitris, Yang, Xin, Yeo, Darren J., Yilmaz, Onurcan, Zarzeczna, Natalia, Zhao, Yitong, Zijlmans, Josjan, van Elk, Michiel, and Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan

Abstract

The relation between religiosity and well-being is one of the most researched topics in the psychology of religion, yet the directionality and robustness of the effect remains debated. Here, we adopted a many-analysts approach to assess the robustness of this relation based on a new cross-cultural dataset (N = 10, 535 participants from 24 countries). We recruited 120 analysis teams to investigate (1) whether religious people self-report higher well-being, and (2) whether the relation between religiosity and self-reported well-being depends on perceived cultural norms of religion (i.e., whether it is considered normal and desirable to be religious in a given country). In a two-stage procedure, the teams first created an analysis plan and then executed their planned analysis on the data. For the first research question, all but 3 teams reported positive effect sizes with credible/confidence intervals excluding zero (median reported beta = 0.120). For the second research question, this was the case for 65% of the teams (median reported beta = 0.039). While most teams applied (multilevel) linear regression models, there was considerable variability in the choice of items used to construct the independent variables, the dependent variable, and the included covariates.

Published
2022

32. DE-PASS Best Evidence Statement (BESt): modifiable determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents aged 5-19 years-a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Khudair, Mohammed, Marcuzzi, Anna, Ng, Kwok, Tempest, Gavin Daniel, Bartoš, František, Peric, Ratko, Maier, Maximilian, Beccia, Flavia, Boccia, Stefania, Brandes, Mirko, Cardon, Greet, Carlin, Angela, Castagna, Carolina, Chaabene, Helmi, Chalkley, Anna, Ciaccioni, Simone, Cieślińska-Świder, Joanna, Čingienė, Vilma, Cortis, Cristina, Corvino, Chiara, de Geus, Eco Jc, Di Baldassarre, Angela, Di Credico, Andrea, Drid, Patrik, Fernández Tarazaga, Rosa Ma, Gallè, Francesca, García Sánchez, Esther, Gebremariam, Mekde, Ghinassi, Barbara, Goudas, Mario, Hayes, Grainne, Honorio, Samuel, Izzicupo, Pascal, Jahre, Henriette, Jelsma, Judith, Juric, Petra, Kolovelonis, Athanasio, Kongsvold, Atle, Kouidi, Evangelia, Mansergh, Fiona, Masanovic, Bojan, Mekonnen, Teferi, Mork, Paul Jarle, Murphy, Marie, O'Hara, Kelly, Torun, Ayse Ozbil, Palumbo, Federico, Popovic, Stevo, Prieske, Olaf, Puharic, Zrinka, Ribeiro, José Carlo, Rumbold, Penny Louise Sheena, Sandu, Petru, Sorić, Maroje, Stavnsbo, Mette, Syrmpas, Ioanni, van der Ploeg, Hidde P, Van Hoye, Aurélie, Vilela, Sofia, Woods, Catherine, Wunsch, Kathrin, Caprinica, Laura, Macdonncha, Ciaran, Ling, Fiona Chun Man, Boccia, Stefania (ORCID:0000-0002-1864-749X), Corvino, Chiara (ORCID:0000-0002-3909-7618), Khudair, Mohammed, Marcuzzi, Anna, Ng, Kwok, Tempest, Gavin Daniel, Bartoš, František, Peric, Ratko, Maier, Maximilian, Beccia, Flavia, Boccia, Stefania, Brandes, Mirko, Cardon, Greet, Carlin, Angela, Castagna, Carolina, Chaabene, Helmi, Chalkley, Anna, Ciaccioni, Simone, Cieślińska-Świder, Joanna, Čingienė, Vilma, Cortis, Cristina, Corvino, Chiara, de Geus, Eco Jc, Di Baldassarre, Angela, Di Credico, Andrea, Drid, Patrik, Fernández Tarazaga, Rosa Ma, Gallè, Francesca, García Sánchez, Esther, Gebremariam, Mekde, Ghinassi, Barbara, Goudas, Mario, Hayes, Grainne, Honorio, Samuel, Izzicupo, Pascal, Jahre, Henriette, Jelsma, Judith, Juric, Petra, Kolovelonis, Athanasio, Kongsvold, Atle, Kouidi, Evangelia, Mansergh, Fiona, Masanovic, Bojan, Mekonnen, Teferi, Mork, Paul Jarle, Murphy, Marie, O'Hara, Kelly, Torun, Ayse Ozbil, Palumbo, Federico, Popovic, Stevo, Prieske, Olaf, Puharic, Zrinka, Ribeiro, José Carlo, Rumbold, Penny Louise Sheena, Sandu, Petru, Sorić, Maroje, Stavnsbo, Mette, Syrmpas, Ioanni, van der Ploeg, Hidde P, Van Hoye, Aurélie, Vilela, Sofia, Woods, Catherine, Wunsch, Kathrin, Caprinica, Laura, Macdonncha, Ciaran, Ling, Fiona Chun Man, Boccia, Stefania (ORCID:0000-0002-1864-749X), and Corvino, Chiara (ORCID:0000-0002-3909-7618)

Abstract

Introduction Physical activity among children and adolescents remains insufficient, despite the substantial efforts made by researchers and policymakers. Identifying and furthering our understanding of potential modifiable determinants of physical activity behaviour (PAB) and sedentary behaviour (SB) is crucial for the development of interventions that promote a shift from SB to PAB. The current protocol details the process through which a series of systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses (MAs) will be conducted to produce a best-evidence statement (BESt) and inform policymakers. The overall aim is to identify modifiable determinants that are associated with changes in PAB and SB in children and adolescents (aged 5-19 years) and to quantify their effect on, or association with, PAB/SB. Methods and analysis A search will be performed in MEDLINE, SportDiscus, Web of Science, PsychINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled trials (CTs) that investigate the effect of interventions on PAB/SB and longitudinal studies that investigate the associations between modifiable determinants and PAB/SB at multiple time points will be sought. Risk of bias assessments will be performed using adapted versions of Cochrane's RoB V.2.0 and ROBINS-I tools for RCTs and CTs, respectively, and an adapted version of the National Institute of Health's tool for longitudinal studies. Data will be synthesised narratively and, where possible, MAs will be performed using frequentist and Bayesian statistics. Modifiable determinants will be discussed considering the settings in which they were investigated and the PAB/SB measurement methods used. Ethics and dissemination No ethical approval is needed as no primary data will be collected. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and academic conferences where possible. The BESt will also be shared with policy makers within the DE-PASS consortium in the firs

Published
2022

34. Using Selection Models to Assess Sensitivity to Publication Bias: A Tutorial and Call for More Routine Use

Author

Maier, Maximilian, VanderWeele, Tyler, and Mathur, Maya

Subjects
bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Statistics and Probability|Biostatistics, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, MetaArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social Statistics, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social Statistics, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Statistics and Probability, MetaArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Statistics and Probability|Biostatistics, MetaArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Statistics and Probability, General Social Sciences, MetaArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract

In meta-analyses, it is critical to assess the extent to which publication bias might have compromised the results. Classical methods based on the funnel plot, including Egger’s test and Trim-and-Fill, have become the de facto default methods to do so, with a large majority of recent meta-analyses in top medical journals (85%) assessing for publication bias exclusively using these methods. However, these classical funnel plot methods have important limitations when used as the sole means of assessing publication bias: they essentially assume that the publication process favors large point estimates for small studies and does not affect the largest studies, and they can perform poorly when effects are heterogeneous. In light of these limitations, we recommend that meta-analyses routinely apply other publication bias methods in addition to or instead of classical funnel plot methods. To this end, we describe how to use and interpret selection models. These methods make the often more realistic assumption that publication bias favors ``statistically significant'' results and that also directly accommodate effect heterogeneity. Selection models are well-established in the statistics literature and are supported by user-friendly software, yet remain rarely reported in many disciplines. We use previously published meta-analyses to demonstrate that selection models can yield insights that extend beyond those provided by funnel plot methods, suggesting the importance of establishing more comprehensive reporting practices for publication bias assessment.

Published
2021
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40. How to monitor business model portfolios : a new framework for the automotive industry

Author

Maier, Maximilian Johannes and Bohnsack, René

Subjects
Diversification, Diversificação, Business model portfolio monitoring, Ciências Sociais::Economia e Gestão [Domínio/Área Científica], Monitorização de portfolio de modelo de negócio
Abstract

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Published
2020

41. Hochdruck-Temperatur-Inaktivierung von Clostridium botulinum Endosporen in schwach-sauren Lebensmitteln und Lebensmittelmodellmatrices

Author

Maier, Maximilian Bernhard, Vogel, Rudi F. (Prof. Dr.), and Langowski, Horst-Christian (Prof. Dr.)

Subjects
High pressure temperature inactivation, Clostridium botulinum endospores, ddc:660, Chemische Verfahrenstechnik, Hochdruck-Temperatur-Inaktivierung, Clostridium botulinum Endosporen
Abstract

In this work, combinations of high pressures and temperatures (HPT) were investigated to inactivate endospores of Clostridium (C.) botulinum in several low-acid foods and model systems. In general, HPT processing can achieve equivalent product safety at lower temperatures and shorter durations compared to standard thermal sterilization. Occurring tailing of inactivation kinetics was not related to genetic variations. Furthermore, a generic approach to replace case-by-case studies is impeded due to the strong heterogenic behavior towards HPT treatments within and between strains of C. botulinum. In dieser Arbeit wurden Kombinationen von hohen Drücken und Temperaturen (HDT) zur Inaktivierung von Clostridium (C.) botulinum Endosporen in diversen schwach-sauren Lebensmitteln sowie Modellsystemen untersucht. Grundsätzlich können HDT-Verfahren im Vergleich zur herkömmlichen thermischen Sterilisation äquivalente Lebensmittelsicherheit bei niedrigeren Temperaturen und kürzeren Zeiten erreichen. Auftretendes Tailing der Inaktivierungskinetiken konnte nicht auf genetische Variationen zurückgeführt werden. Des Weiteren sind aufgrund des stark heterogenen Verhaltens innerhalb und zwischen C. botulinum Stämmen Fall-zu-Fall Studien nur schwer durch generische Ansätze zu ersetzen.

Published
2019

42. Identifying Defects in Li-Ion Cells Using Ultrasound Acoustic Measurements

Author

Robinson, James B., Owen, Rhodri E., Kok, Matt D. R., Maier, Maximilian, Majasan, Jude, Braglia, Michele, Stocker, Richard, Amietszajew, Tazdin, Roberts, Alexander J., Bhagat, Rohit, Billsson, Duncan, Olson, Jarred Z., Park, Juyeon, Hinds, Gareth, Ahlberg Tidblad, Annika, Brett, Dan J. L., Shearing, Paul R., Robinson, James B., Owen, Rhodri E., Kok, Matt D. R., Maier, Maximilian, Majasan, Jude, Braglia, Michele, Stocker, Richard, Amietszajew, Tazdin, Roberts, Alexander J., Bhagat, Rohit, Billsson, Duncan, Olson, Jarred Z., Park, Juyeon, Hinds, Gareth, Ahlberg Tidblad, Annika, Brett, Dan J. L., and Shearing, Paul R.

Abstract

Identification of the state-of-health (SoH) of Li-ion cells is a vital tool to protect operating battery packs against accelerated degradation and failure. This is becoming increasingly important as the energy and power densities demanded by batteries and the economic costs of packs increase. Here, ultrasonic time-of-flight analysis is performed to demonstrate the technique as a tool for the identification of a range of defects and SoH in Li-ion cells. Analysis of large, purpose-built defects across multiple length scales is performed in pouch cells. The technique is then demonstrated to detect a microscale defect in a commercial cell, which is validated by examining the acoustic transmission signal through the cell. The location and scale of the defects are confirmed using X-ray computed tomography, which also provides information pertaining to the layered structure of the cells. The demonstration of this technique as a methodology for obtaining direct, non-destructive, depth-resolved measurements of the condition of electrode layers highlights the potential application of acoustic methods in real-time diagnostics for SoH monitoring and manufacturing processes.

Published
2020
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43. Dark Design Patterns : An End-user Perspective

Author

Maier, Maximilian, Harr, Rikard, Maier, Maximilian, and Harr, Rikard

Abstract

The number of websites and mobile applications available is growing continually, as are the persuasive approaches to influence human behavior and decision making. Although designing for persuasion offers several potential benefits, recent developments expose various deceptive designs, that is, dark patterns, that utilize psychological factors to nudge people toward, from someone else’s perspective, desired directions. This paper contributes to an increased awareness of the phenomenon of dark patterns through our exploring how users perceive and experience these patterns. Hence, we chose a qualitative research approach, with focus groups and interviews, for our exploration. Our analysis shows that participants were moderately aware of these deceptive techniques, several of which were perceived as sneaky and dishonest. Respondents further expressed a resigned attitude toward such techniques and primarily blamed businesses for their occurrence. Users considered their dependency on services employing these practices, thus making it difficult to avoid fully dark patterns.

Published
2020
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44. Dark patterns – An end user perspective

Author

Maier, Maximilian

Subjects
deceptive design, Human Aspects of ICT, qualitative study, persuasive design, Dark patterns, evil design, Mänsklig interaktion med IKT
Abstract

Technology has become ubiquitous in people’s everyday life. The number of websites and mobile applications available is growing, but so are various persuasive approaches to influence human behavior and decision-making in online environments. While designing for persuasion has many potential benefits, recent years have revealed different deceptive design techniques that utilize the understanding of psychological principles to nudge people in a desired direction. This thesis outlines and explores this phenomenon known as dark patterns, which favors business goals over user values. Practitioners have laid out many deceiving design strategies in the past, but it remains unclear how the end user perceives and experiences them. Therefore, a qualitative method approach was chosen to study the end users’ perspectives on the subject. The analysis of the data shows that even though there was some awareness, many manipulative techniques were unknown. Participants blame the businesses, remark however to be partly responsible for their own fate. In addition, the acceptability of such techniques shifts depending on the respective dark pattern.

Published
2019

45. High pressure temperature inactivation of Clostridium botulinum endospores in low-acid foods and food model systems

Author

Vogel, Rudi F. (Prof. Dr.), Langowski, Horst-Christian (Prof. Dr.), Maier, Maximilian Bernhard, Vogel, Rudi F. (Prof. Dr.), Langowski, Horst-Christian (Prof. Dr.), and Maier, Maximilian Bernhard

Abstract

In this work, combinations of high pressures and temperatures (HPT) were investigated to inactivate endospores of Clostridium (C.) botulinum in several low-acid foods and model systems. In general, HPT processing can achieve equivalent product safety at lower temperatures and shorter durations compared to standard thermal sterilization. Occurring tailing of inactivation kinetics was not related to genetic variations. Furthermore, a generic approach to replace case-by-case studies is impeded due to the strong heterogenic behavior towards HPT treatments within and between strains of C. botulinum., In dieser Arbeit wurden Kombinationen von hohen Drücken und Temperaturen (HDT) zur Inaktivierung von Clostridium (C.) botulinum Endosporen in diversen schwach-sauren Lebensmitteln sowie Modellsystemen untersucht. Grundsätzlich können HDT-Verfahren im Vergleich zur herkömmlichen thermischen Sterilisation äquivalente Lebensmittelsicherheit bei niedrigeren Temperaturen und kürzeren Zeiten erreichen. Auftretendes Tailing der Inaktivierungskinetiken konnte nicht auf genetische Variationen zurückgeführt werden. Des Weiteren sind aufgrund des stark heterogenen Verhaltens innerhalb und zwischen C. botulinum Stämmen Fall-zu-Fall Studien nur schwer durch generische Ansätze zu ersetzen.

Published
2019

47. Highly integrated, radiation-hardened, motor controller with phase current measurement

Author

Maier, Maximilian, Chalon, Maxime, Reill, Josef, and Sedlmayr, Hans-Jürgen

Subjects
space robotic, rad-hard Motor Controller, Mechatronische Komponenten und Systeme
Abstract

Robotic systems provide an excellent on-site or remote support for astronauts during routine tasks and perform increasingly complex autonomous tasks during exploration missions. New systems like the robotic arm CAESAR and the highly dexterous four fingered robotic hand Spacehand are designed in order to improve the skills and performance of the systems while the needed space for the electronics and the power consumption is decreasing. The small exploration systems MASCOT highlighted the need for a small form factor, highly integrated, lightweight but simultaneously a highly performance motor controller. This paper presents a cold redundant, three phase brushless DC motor driver for medium radiation environment which was developed at the Robotics and Mechatronics Center of the German Aerospace Center (DLR-RMC). The size efficiency of the proposed design relies on an extremely compact position sensing circuit which is based on a resolver principal. The integrated bridge driver, with current limitation, withstands a continuous power up to 120W. To simplify the design the internal voltages are limited to a minimum set. A fault-tolerant processor is used to guarantee a high reliability, The choice of several standard communication interfaces gives the user multiple possibilities to integrate the board in existing designs. The small form factor improves and simplifies the thermal management as well as the integration in small systems. The simple mechanical shape reduces the integrator effort and offers a large amount of configurations. The three phase current sensing, together with the high performance computation platform, allows the implementation of a high level current control such as field oriented control methods. Such control methods optimize the dynamic performance of the actuator, thus, leveraging the actuator performance to size ratio. The system uses a fully programmable processor unit, offering real-time communication and logging capabilities, fully integrated control loops and rich monitoring. This paper gives an overview of the requirements, discusses several of the keys aspects of the design and reports the current state of the design.

Published
2017

49. Non-linear pressure/temperature-dependence of high pressure thermal inactivation of proteolytic Clostridium botulinum type B in foods

Author

Maier, Maximilian B., Lenz, Christian A., and Vogel, Rudi F.

Subjects
Meat, Hot Temperature, lcsh:Medicine, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Fats, Animal Products, Microbial Physiology, Vegetables, Pressure, Medicine and Health Sciences, Bacterial Physiology, Bacterial Spores, lcsh:Science, Nutrition, Spores, Bacterial, Clostridium Botulinum, Microbial Viability, Bacteria, Physics, lcsh:R, Gut Bacteria, Organisms, Peas, Clostridium botulinum type B, Biology and Life Sciences, Classical Mechanics, Eukaryota, Bacteriology, Agriculture, Plants, Legumes, Lipids, Ham, Diet, Manufacturing Processes, Nonlinear Dynamics, Food, Physical Sciences, Food Microbiology, Engineering and Technology, lcsh:Q, Research Article, High Pressure, Heat Treatment
Abstract

The effect of high pressure thermal (HPT) processing on the inactivation of spores of proteolytic type B Clostridium botulinum TMW 2.357 in four differently composed low-acid foods (green peas with ham, steamed sole, vegetable soup, braised veal) was studied in an industrially feasible pressure range and temperatures between 100 and 120°C. Inactivation curves exhibited rapid inactivation during compression and decompression followed by strong tailing effects. The highest inactivation (approx. 6-log cycle reduction) was obtained in braised veal at 600 MPa and 110°C after 300 s pressure-holding time. In general, inactivation curves exhibited similar negative exponential shapes, but maximum achievable inactivation levels were lower in foods with higher fat contents. At high treatment temperatures, spore inactivation was more effective at lower pressure levels (300 vs. 600 MPa), which indicates a non-linear pressure/temperature-dependence of the HPT spore inactivation efficiency. A comparison of spore inactivation levels achievable using HPT treatments versus a conventional heat sterilization treatment (121.1°C, 3 min) illustrates the potential of combining high pressures and temperatures to replace conventional retorting with the possibility to reduce the process temperature or shorten the processing time. Finally, experiments using varying spore inoculation levels suggested the presence of a resistant fraction comprising approximately 0.01% of a spore population as reason for the pronounced tailing effects in survivor curves. The loss of the high resistance properties upon cultivation indicates that those differences develop during sporulation and are not linked to permanent modifications at the genetic level.

Published
2017
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