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Conduction disturbances necessitating permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation after cardiac surgery occur in 1% to 5% of patients. Previous studies have reported a low rate of late PPM dependency, but there is lack of evidence that it might be related to implantation timing. In this study, we sought to determine whether PPM implantation timing and specific conduction disturbances as indications for PPM implantation are associated with late pacemaker dependency and recovery of atrioventricular (AV) conduction.Patients with a PPM implanted after cardiac surgery were followed in an outpatient clinic. Two outcomes were assessed: AV conduction recovery and PPM dependency, defined as the absence of intrinsic rhythm on sensing test in VVI mode at 40 bpm.Of 15,092 patients operated between September 2008 and March 2019, 185 (1.2%) underwent PPM implantation. One hundred seventy-seven of these patients met the criteria for inclusion into this study. Follow-up data were available in 145 patients (82%). Implantation was performed at ≤6 days after surgery in 58 patients (40%) and at6 days after surgery in 87 patients (60%). The median time from implantation to last follow-up was 890 days (range, 416-1998 days). At follow-up, 81 (56%) patients were not PPM dependent. Multivariable analysis showed that PPM implantation at ≤6 days after surgery is a predictor of being not PPM dependent (odds ratio [OR], 5.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.43-12.04; P .001) and of AV conduction recovery (OR, 4.96; 95% CI, 2.26-10.91; P .001). Sinus node dysfunction as indication for PPM implantation was predictive of being not PPM dependent (OR, 6.59; 95% CI, 1.67-26.06; P = .007).We recommend implanting a PPM on postoperative day 7 to prevent unnecessary implantations and avoid prolonged hospitalization.

The left internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending artery graft is recognized as the gold standard for coronary revascularization. We compared quality of life (QoL) in patients who received bilateral internal thoracic arteries (BITA) and those with a single internal thoracic artery (SITA) graft.To assess QoL during a 10-year follow-up in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with BITA vs. SITA.We recruited 300 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease who underwent CABG from January 2005 to October 2010. Mean duration (standard deviation - SD) of follow-up was 3568 ±409 days. QoL was measured subjectively using a Likert scale and objectively by the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Patients were interviewed by telephone.BITA patients reported marked improvement and improvement more often than SITA patients (58% vs. 43.3%,Surgical coronary revascularization using BITA improves QoL, particularly when measured by a Likert scale.Zespolenie pomiędzy lewą tętnicą piersiową wewnętrzną a tętnicą przednią zstępującą lewą stało się złotym standardem w rewaskularyzacji naczyń wieńcowych. Porównaliśmy jakość życia pacjentów (QoL), którzy otrzymali dwie tętnice piersiowe wewnętrzne (BITA), z pacjentami z jedną tętnicą piersiową wewnętrzną (SITA).Ocena jakości życia pacjentów z jedną vs dwoma tętnicami piersiowymi wewnętrznymi po 10-letnim okresie od zabiegu pomostowania aortalno-wieńcowego (CABG).Do badania włączono 300 pacjentów, u których przeprowadzono CABG od stycznia 2005 do października 2010 r. Średni czas obserwacji wyniósł 3568 ±409 dni. Pacjentów oceniano subiektywnie przy zastosowaniu skali Likerta i obiektywnie, wykorzystując kwestionariusz WHOQOL-BREF, podczas rozmowy telefonicznej.Znacznie lepsza QoL wystąpiła stosunkowo częściej u pcjentów z BITA w porównaniu z SITA (58% vs 43,3%,Rewaskularyzacja z użyciem BITA zwiększa QoL, zwłaszcza gdy jest ona mierzona za pomocą skali Likerta.